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B1 verb #4,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

羨む

رتبه 4,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 羨む در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 羨む in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the verb 'urayamu' yet. Instead, you focus on the very common adjective 'urayamashii'. You might hear someone say 'Urayamashii!' when you tell them you are going on a vacation. This level is about recognizing that the word is related to 'jealous' or 'lucky you'. You learn it as a simple reaction word. For example, 'Tanaka-san is going to Japan. Urayamashii!' The verb form 'urayamu' is too complex for basic survival Japanese, but knowing the root 'uraya-' helps you identify the emotion in simple stories.

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At the A2 level, you begin to see 'urayamashii' in full sentences like 'Kanojo ga urayamashii desu' (I am jealous of her). You might encounter the verb 'urayamu' in simple reading passages. You should understand that 'urayamu' is an action (a verb) and 'urayamashii' is a feeling/state (an adjective). You learn that if you want to say 'I envy someone' in a more formal way, you might see this verb. You also start to learn the 'te-form' (urayande), which helps you understand sentences about people being in a state of envy.

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B1 is where you should start actively using 'urayamu'. You learn to use it with the particle 'wo' to describe what someone envies: 'Kare wa tomodachi no kuruma wo urayande iru' (He envies his friend's car). You understand the difference between this and 'urayamashii'. You also learn the passive form 'urayamareru' (to be envied), which is very useful for describing successful people. At this level, you can describe psychological states in simple essays or conversations about your feelings and goals.

At the B2 level, you master the nuances between 'urayamu', 'netamu', and 'akogareru'. You can use 'urayamu' in complex sentences with relative clauses, such as 'Hito ni urayamareru you na seikatsu' (A life that is envied by others). You understand that 'urayamu' can be used in social commentary or literary contexts. You are able to distinguish when to use the verb to sound more objective or descriptive versus when to use the adjective to sound more personal and emotional.

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At the C1 level, you recognize 'urayamu' in classical literature and high-level journalism. You understand the subtle social implications of the word in Japanese culture—how envy is often suppressed or channeled into 'koujou-shin' (desire for improvement). You can use the word in formal debates or academic writing to discuss human psychology or social inequality. You also know related formal terms like 'senbou' and can explain the etymological roots of the kanji.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'urayamu'. You can appreciate its use in poetry and historical texts where it might have slightly different archaic nuances. You can use the word with perfect precision to describe the most subtle shades of human emotion, distinguishing it from 'sone-mu' or 'higa-mu'. You understand the philosophical depth of envy in a Buddhist or Confucian context within Japanese thought, and you can discuss these topics fluently using the word and its derivatives.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

羨む در ۳۰ ثانیه

A transitive verb meaning 'to envy' or 'to be jealous of' someone's attributes or luck.
Used to describe a deeper or more sustained state of envy compared to the adjective 'urayamashii'.
Commonly found in literature, news, and serious psychological or social contexts.
Follows Godan verb conjugation and typically uses the particle 'wo' for the object of envy.

The Japanese verb 羨む (urayamu) is a profound word that captures the human emotion of envy or jealousy. At its core, it describes the act of looking at someone else's circumstances, qualities, or possessions and wishing that you possessed them yourself. Unlike the more common adjective urayamashii, which is often used as a lighthearted exclamation like 'I'm so jealous!' or 'Lucky you!', the verb urayamu tends to describe a more internal, sustained state of feeling envy. It is classified as a Godan verb and is essential for learners reaching the B1 level because it allows for more nuanced descriptions of psychological states and interpersonal dynamics. In Japanese society, where social comparison and harmony are significant, understanding how to express envy—and how to avoid doing so inappropriately—is a key cultural skill.

Grammatical Function: As a transitive verb, it typically takes the particle を (wo) to indicate the object of envy. For example, 'He envies his friend's success' would be 彼は友達の成功を羨んでいる.

他人を羨むよりも、自分ができることに集中しなさい。
(Instead of envying others, focus on what you can do yourself.)

The word carries a weight that spans from innocent admiration to deep-seated resentment. While urayamu is relatively neutral, it can lean toward the negative if the context suggests the envy is consuming the person. In literature, it is frequently used to describe the internal struggle of characters who feel overshadowed by others. It is important to distinguish this from netamu (to be jealous/resentful), which is much darker and implies a desire for the other person to lose what they have. Urayamu is more about the 'want' for oneself rather than the 'hate' for the other.

Social Context: In Japanese culture, openly expressing envy can sometimes be seen as a lack of self-discipline. However, acknowledging a healthy sense of 'urayamu' can also serve as motivation for self-improvement (Koujou-shin).

彼女の才能を羨む人は多いが、彼女の努力を知る人は少ない。
(Many people envy her talent, but few know of her hard work.)

In summary, urayamu is a versatile verb that describes the universal human experience of looking across the fence at greener grass. Whether it is used in a psychological analysis, a novel, or a serious conversation about one's life goals, it remains a cornerstone of emotional expression in the Japanese language. Mastery of this word involves not just knowing its meaning, but feeling the subtle shift in tone it brings compared to its adjectival counterpart.

Using 羨む (urayamu) correctly requires an understanding of its transitive nature and its common conjugations. Because it is a Godan verb ending in 'mu', it follows the standard pattern of changes (e.g., urayamimasu, urayanda, urayamanai). The most common structure is [Envious Person] が [Target] の [Attribute/Object] を羨む. This structure places the focus on the act of feeling envy toward a specific thing or person.

Common Conjugation Patterns: 1. 羨んでいる (Urayande iru): The continuous form, used to describe an ongoing state of envy. 2. 羨まれる (Urayamareru): The passive form, meaning 'to be envied by others'. 3. 羨みたがる (Urayamitgaru): Used to describe someone who seems to always be envious (third-person perspective).

彼は同僚の昇進を心から羨んでいるようだ。
(He seems to be truly envying his colleague's promotion.)

One interesting aspect of urayamu is its use in the passive voice. In English, we say 'He is envied by everyone.' In Japanese, 彼は皆に羨まれている (Kare wa minna ni urayamarete iru) sounds natural and is often used to describe someone who is highly successful or fortunate. This passive construction is a great way to elevate your Japanese from basic to intermediate levels. It shifts the focus from the feeling of the envier to the status of the person who is the object of that envy.

誰にも羨まれるような生活を送るのが彼の夢だ。
(His dream is to lead a life that is envied by everyone.)

Negative Usage: Using the negative form 羨まない (urayamanai) can be a strong statement of contentment or stoicism. 'I don't envy others' wealth' (私は他人の富を羨まない) suggests a person who is satisfied with what they have.

When using urayamu in the potential form 羨める (urayameru), it often takes on a slightly different nuance, implying that someone is in a position where it is *possible* to envy them, though this is less common than the passive form. Overall, the key to using this verb is recognizing that it describes an action of the mind and heart, rather than a simple reaction to an event.

While urayamashii is the king of daily conversation, 羨む (urayamu) finds its home in more descriptive and narrative environments. You will frequently encounter it in Japanese literature, ranging from classic novels to modern light novels. Authors use it to delve into the psyche of their characters, exploring themes of rivalry, social standing, and personal desire. In these contexts, urayamu provides a more literary and introspective tone than the more colloquial adjective.

Media and Drama: In Japanese TV dramas (J-Dramas), characters often use this verb in internal monologues. If a character sees a rival getting the praise they wanted, the narrator might say 彼はライバルの成功を羨んでいた (He was envying his rival's success). It sets a serious or dramatic mood that 'urayamashii' cannot convey.

ドラマの主人公は、いつも恵まれた環境の友人を羨んでいた。
(The protagonist of the drama was always envying her friend who was in a blessed environment.)

News reports and documentaries also utilize urayamu when discussing social issues like income inequality or the 'glamorous' lives of celebrities. A reporter might mention that many young people 'envy' the lifestyles they see on social media. In this sense, the word takes on a sociological weight, describing a collective feeling within a segment of the population. It is also common in psychological articles or self-help books that discuss how to deal with feelings of jealousy and how to stop comparing yourself to others.

SNSで他人のキラキラした生活を羨むのは、もうやめよう。
(Let's stop envying others' sparkling lives on social media.)

Finally, in lyrics of J-Pop songs, urayamu is used to express longing or the pain of being 'the one left behind.' It adds a layer of emotional depth to the lyrics, making the listener feel the weight of the singer's desire. Whether it's a ballad about unrequited love or a song about chasing dreams, urayamu helps paint a picture of a heart that is reaching for something it doesn't have. Understanding this word helps you connect with the emotional landscape of Japanese pop culture on a much deeper level.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 羨む (urayamu) with the adjective 羨ましい (urayamashii). While they share the same root and kanji, their grammatical roles are strictly distinct. You cannot use urayamu as a predicate adjective (e.g., 'Kare wa urayamu' is incorrect for 'He is enviable'). Conversely, you cannot use urayamashii as a transitive verb with the particle 'wo'.

Confusing Urayamu with Netamu: Another common pitfall is using urayamu when you actually mean 妬む (netamu). Urayamu is generally 'to want what someone else has' (envy), while netamu is 'to feel bitter or resentful because someone else has it' (jealousy). Using netamu can sound much more aggressive and negative than intended.

❌ 私は彼の才能を羨ましい。
✅ 私は彼の才能が羨ましい。
✅ 私は彼の才能を羨む。
(Note the particle change: 'ga' for the adjective, 'wo' for the verb.)

Learners also struggle with the politeness levels. Since urayamu describes an internal feeling, using it directly about someone you are talking to can sometimes be too blunt or overly descriptive. For instance, saying 私はあなたを羨んでいます (I am envying you) sounds a bit like a clinical observation of your own psyche. In a face-to-face conversation, 羨ましいです (I am jealous/envious) is much warmer and more natural.

❌ 彼は友達を羨む人です。
✅ 彼は嫉妬深い人です。
(While the first is grammatically okay, 'shittobukai' is a more common way to describe a 'jealous person'.)

Finally, watch out for the kanji. 羨 is a complex character. Many learners accidentally use the kanji for 'longing' (憧) or 'resentment' (恨). While related, 羨む specifically requires the kanji with the 'sheep' (羊) radical on top and 'next' (次) on the left, with the 'lacking' (欠) radical on the right. Keeping the visual of 'wanting more' in mind helps distinguish it from similar-looking characters.

To truly master 羨む (urayamu), you must see where it sits in the spectrum of Japanese words for 'jealousy' and 'admiration'. Japanese has a rich vocabulary for these feelings, each with a specific flavor. Understanding these differences will help you choose the right word for the right situation, whether you are trying to be supportive or describing a deep conflict.

Urayamu vs. Netamu (妬む): Urayamu: Focuses on wanting what the other has. Often contains a hint of admiration.
Netamu: Focuses on the unfairness of the other person having it. It is darker, more bitter, and often implies ill will.
Urayamu vs. Akogareru (憧れる): Akogareru: Pure admiration or longing. There is no sting of jealousy here. You look up to someone as a role model. Urayamu has that 'I wish I had that too' sting, while Akogareru is 'I want to be like that'.

彼は先輩の能力を羨むのではなく、憧れて努力した。
(Instead of envying his senior's ability, he admired him and worked hard.)

Another related term is 嫉妬する (shitto suru). This is a very common Sino-Japanese (Kango) word for 'to be jealous'. It is often used in the context of romantic jealousy or professional rivalry. While urayamu is more about the feeling of wanting an object or status, shitto is often about the fear of losing someone's affection or being surpassed by a competitor. It is a more 'active' and often more 'negative' word than the relatively passive urayamu.

成功者を羨む時間は無駄だ。
(Time spent envying successful people is a waste.)

In formal writing, you might also see 羨望する (senbou suru), which means 'to feel envy/admiration'. This is the noun form 羨望 (senbou) combined with 'suru'. It is very formal and usually found in academic texts or high-level literature. For B1-B2 learners, sticking with urayamu for descriptions and urayamashii for daily talk is the most effective strategy.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji 羨 contains the radical for 'sheep' (羊). In ancient times, sheep were precious, and 'next to a sheep' (with the 'lacking' radical) suggested a person salivating or longing for the meat they didn't have.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK u.ɾa.ja.mu

US u.ɾa.ja.mu

Japanese uses pitch accent. For 'Urayamu', it is typically Heiban (flat), meaning the pitch starts low and stays high.

هم‌قافیه با

Kuyamu (to regret) Ayamu (to wound - rare) Tayamu (to falter) Hayamu (to quicken) Nayamu (to worry) Isamu (to be heartened) Tanomu (to ask) Susumu (to advance)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'r' as an English 'r' instead of a tap.
Over-emphasizing the 'u' at the end; it should be very subtle.
Confusing the pitch accent with 'urayamashii'.
Stressing the wrong syllable (Japanese is mora-timed).
Merging 'ya' and 'mu' into a single sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The kanji is complex, but the verb appears frequently in literature.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing the kanji '羨' correctly takes practice due to many strokes.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Pronunciation is easy, but choosing the verb over the adjective requires thought.

گوش دادن 2/5

Distinct sound, easy to pick up in context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

羨ましい (Urayamashii) 嫉妬 (Shitto) 妬む (Netamu) 成功 (Seikou) 才能 (Sainou)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

羨望 (Senbou) 憧れる (Akogareru) 僻む (Higamu) 恨む (Uramu) 慈しむ (Itsukushimu)

پیشرفته

自己嫌悪 (Jiko-ken'o) 劣等感 (Rettoukan) 優越感 (Yuuetsukan) 虚栄心 (Kyoeishin) 不条理 (Fujouri)

گرامر لازم

Godan Verb Conjugation

羨む -> 羨みます、羨まない、羨んだ

Passive Voice (〜れる)

彼は皆に羨まれている。

Transitive Verb with を

成功を羨む。

Nominalization with こと/の

人を羨むことは時間の無駄だ。

Causative Passive (〜せられる)

彼は他人を羨ませられるような生活をしている。(He lives a life that makes others envy him.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

うらやましいです！

I'm jealous! (Adjective)

A1 level uses the adjective form.

いいな、うらやましい！

Nice, I'm jealous!

Common casual exclamation.

田中さんはうらやましいです。

I am jealous of Mr. Tanaka.

Using 'ga' is more common, but this is understandable.

新しいカバン、うらやましい！

A new bag, I'm jealous!

Noun + adjective.

休みがうらやましいです。

I'm jealous of your holiday.

Simple sentence structure.

彼はうらやましい人です。

He is an enviable person.

Adjective modifying a noun.

うらやましい。私も行きたい。

I'm jealous. I want to go too.

Expressing desire alongside envy.

テストの点数、うらやましいな。

I'm jealous of your test score.

Casual particle 'na' at the end.

友達の成功をうらやむ。

I envy my friend's success.

Introduction of the verb form.

彼はいつも他人をうらやんでいます。

He is always envying others.

Continuous form '-te iru'.

人をうらやむのはよくないです。

It is not good to envy people.

Verb nominalization with 'no'.

彼女は私の成績をうらやんだ。

She envied my grades.

Past tense of the verb.

みんなにうらやまれる生活。

A life envied by everyone.

Passive form 'urayamareru'.

うらやまないで、頑張りましょう。

Don't envy, let's do our best.

Negative 'te' form for advice.

彼は金持ちをうらやんでいる。

He envies the rich.

Direct object with 'wo'.

弟の才能をうらやむ兄。

An older brother who envies his younger brother's talent.

Verb modifying a noun.

隣の芝生をうらやむのは人間の性だ。

It is human nature to envy the grass on the other side.

Proverbial usage.

誰にもうらやまれるような才能が欲しい。

I want a talent that would be envied by anyone.

Passive form + 'you na'.

彼は内心、同僚の昇進をうらやんでいた。

Inwardly, he was envying his colleague's promotion.

Use of 'naishin' (inwardly).

人をうらやむ暇があるなら、自分を磨け。

If you have time to envy others, polish yourself.

Conditional 'nara'.

彼女の美しさをうらやまない女性はいない。

There is no woman who does not envy her beauty.

Double negative for emphasis.

幸せそうな家族を見て、少しうらやんだ。

Seeing the happy family, I envied them a little.

Expressing a fleeting emotion.

成功をうらやむだけでなく、その努力も見なさい。

Don't just envy success, look at the effort too.

'Dake de naku' (not only).

彼は自分の境遇を嘆き、他人をうらやんだ。

He lamented his circumstances and envied others.

Connecting two verbs.

現代社会では、SNSを通じて他人の生活をうらやむことが増えている。

In modern society, envying others' lives through social media is increasing.

Formal sociological context.

彼女は誰からも羨まれる存在だが、本人は孤独を感じている。

She is an existence envied by everyone, but she herself feels lonely.

Contrasting social status with internal feeling.

才能を羨む気持ちが、いつの間にか憎しみに変わっていた。

The feeling of envying talent had turned into hatred before I knew it.

Describing the evolution of an emotion.

彼は、自分が羨まれていることに全く気づいていなかった。

He was completely unaware that he was being envied.

Noun clause with 'koto'.

他人の富を羨んでも、自分の生活は何も変わらない。

Even if you envy others' wealth, your own life won't change at all.

Concessive '-temo' form.

羨むという感情を、自己成長のエネルギーに変えるべきだ。

One should turn the emotion called envy into energy for self-growth.

'To iu' defining a concept.

若さを羨む老人たちの会話が聞こえてきた。

I heard the conversation of old people envying youth.

Participial phrase modifying 'roujin'.

羨まれる側にも、それなりの苦労があるものだ。

The side that is envied also has its own share of hardships.

'Mono da' expressing a general truth.

その作家は、同時代のライバルが放つ文才を深く羨んでいた。

The author deeply envied the literary talent displayed by his contemporary rivals.

Literary register.

羨望の眼差しで彼を見つめる群衆の中で、彼女だけは冷ややかだった。

In the crowd looking at him with envious eyes, she alone was cold.

Using 'senbou' (envy) as a noun.

人間は、自分にないものを持つ者を羨む宿命にあるのかもしれない。

Humans might be destined to envy those who possess what they lack.

Philosophical speculation.

特権階級の贅沢を羨む声が、革命の火種となった。

The voices envying the luxury of the privileged class became the sparks of revolution.

Historical/Political context.

彼は、他人に羨まれることを唯一の生きがいとしていた。

He made being envied by others his sole reason for living.

Describing a character flaw.

羨む心が毒となり、彼の人間関係を蝕んでいった。

The envying heart became a poison, eroding his human relationships.

Metaphorical usage.

無垢な子供時代を羨む気持ちは、大人なら誰しも抱くものだ。

The feeling of envying one's innocent childhood is something every adult holds.

Universal human experience.

彼の成功は、羨む者たちの誹謗中傷の標的となった。

His success became a target for the slander of those who envied him.

Complex noun phrase.

古の歌人は、移ろいゆく季節の美しさを羨むかのように詠んだ。

The ancient poets composed as if envying the beauty of the shifting seasons.

Archaic/Literary nuance.

自己の欠落を埋めるべく他者を羨む行為は、精神の未熟さの露呈に他ならない。

The act of envying others to fill one's own deficiencies is nothing but a revelation of spiritual immaturity.

Formal philosophical critique.

羨むという情念は、時として創造性の源泉となり得る。

The passion of envy can sometimes become the source of creativity.

Abstract noun 'jounen'.

彼は、羨望と嫉妬が複雑に絡み合った感情の渦の中にいた。

He was in a whirlpool of emotions where envy and jealousy were intricately intertwined.

High-level emotional description.

神の如き完璧さを羨む人間の傲慢さが、悲劇を招いた。

The arrogance of humans envying God-like perfection led to tragedy.

Theological/Mythological context.

羨まれることの重圧に耐えかね、彼は表舞台から姿を消した。

Unable to bear the pressure of being envied, he disappeared from the public eye.

Cause and effect with 'taekane'.

他人の幸福を素直に喜べず、羨んでしまう己の矮小さを恥じた。

He felt ashamed of his own pettiness in being unable to sincerely celebrate others' happiness and instead envying them.

Deep introspective analysis.

羨む対象が自己の内面へと向かう時、それは自己超越への道標となる。

When the object of envy turns toward one's inner self, it becomes a signpost toward self-transcendence.

Paradoxical philosophical statement.

ترکیب‌های رایج

才能を羨む

成功を羨む

若さを羨む

富を羨む

生活を羨む

内心羨む

深く羨む

羨む気持ち

羨まれる存在

羨むに値する

عبارات رایج

人を羨む

— To envy others. A general phrase for social comparison.

人を羨むより、自分を磨こう。

羨む暇はない

— No time to envy. Used to express focus on one's own goals.

私には他人を羨む暇はない。

羨まれるほど

— To the extent of being envied. Used as an intensifier.

羨まれるほど仲が良い夫婦。

誰からも羨まれる

— Envied by everyone. Describes peak success or luck.

彼は誰からも羨まれる地位に就いた。

羨んでばかりいる

— Doing nothing but envying. Criticizes a passive, negative attitude.

羨んでばかりいても、何も始まらない。

羨むのをやめる

— To stop envying. A common theme in self-help.

他人を羨むのをやめると、心が楽になる。

羨まれる側

— The side being envied. Discusses the perspective of the successful person.

羨まれる側の大変さを知った。

羨む視線

— Envious gaze. Describes the looks one receives from others.

周囲の羨む視線を感じた。

羨む対象

— The object of envy. Used in psychological descriptions.

彼の兄は、常に彼の羨む対象だった。

羨むあまり

— So much that one envies. Indicates envy as a cause for another action.

羨むあまり、意地悪をしてしまった。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

羨む vs 羨ましい (Urayamashii)

Adjective used for personal feelings/reactions. Urayamu is the verb for the action/state.

羨む vs 妬む (Netamu)

Netamu implies resentment and a desire for the other to fail. Urayamu is just wanting what they have.

羨む vs 嫉む (Sonemu)

Very similar to netamu; a literary way to express bitter jealousy.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"隣の芝生は青い"

— The grass is greener on the other side. A perfect idiom for 'urayamu'.

隣の芝生を羨むのはもうやめなさい。

Common

"羨んでも羨みきれない"

— Cannot envy enough. Used for something truly extraordinary.

彼の幸運は羨んでも羨みきれない。

Emphatic

"指をくわえて見る"

— To look on with envy while being unable to participate.

友達が遊んでいるのを指をくわえて羨んでいた。

Casual

"目の毒"

— Something so good it causes envy or temptation just by looking.

あの豪華な時計は私には目の毒だ（羨んでしまう）。

Casual

"高嶺の花"

— Something out of reach that one can only envy from afar.

彼女は僕にとって高嶺の花で、ただ羨むことしかできない。

Common

"鼻が高い"

— To be proud (can be the result of being envied).

羨まれる息子を持って、父は鼻が高い。

Common

"嫉妬は恋の伴侶"

— Jealousy is the companion of love. Related to the feeling of envy.

羨む気持ちも恋の一部かもしれない。

Literary

"二兎を追う者は一兎をも得ず"

— One who chases two rabbits gets neither (often said to those envying multiple paths).

他人の道を羨んで二兎を追ってはいけない。

Proverb

"身の程を知る"

— To know one's place (advice given to stop envying the unreachable).

身の程を知れば、他人を羨むこともなくなる。

Formal/Stern

"福の神"

— God of wealth (someone whose presence is envied).

彼は歩く福の神として、皆に羨まれている。

Figurative

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

羨む vs 憧れる (Akogareru)

Both involve looking at someone else's positive traits.

Akogareru is pure admiration; Urayamu has a sting of 'I want that for myself'.

スターに憧れる vs ライバルを羨む

羨む vs 嫉妬 (Shitto)

Both mean 'jealousy'.

Shitto is a noun/suru-verb often used for romance or rivalry; Urayamu is a Godan verb for general envy.

恋人に嫉妬する vs 才能を羨む

羨む vs 僻む (Higamu)

Both are negative emotions toward others.

Higamu is 'to be cynical/warped' because you feel inferior; Urayamu is just 'to envy'.

彼はひねくれて僻んでいる。

羨む vs 恨む (Uramu)

Similar sounds.

Uramu means 'to hold a grudge' or 'to resent' for a wrong done to you.

犯人を恨む。

羨む vs 惜しむ (Oshimu)

Similar verb ending.

Oshimu means 'to regret' or 'to value/be stingy with'.

別れを惜しむ。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Person] が [Target] を羨む

私が彼の才能を羨む。

[Target] が [Person] に羨まれる

彼が私に羨まれる。

[Target] を羨む気持ち

成功を羨む気持ちが強い。

羨むだけでなく〜

羨むだけでなく、自分も努力する。

羨むに値する [Noun]

羨むに値する業績。

〜を羨むかのように

自由を羨むかのように空を見る。

羨むべくして羨む

彼は羨むべくして羨んだ。(He envied as was inevitable.)

羨むという情念

羨むという情念に囚われる。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

羨望 (Senbou) Envy; admiration (Formal noun)

羨み (Urayami) The act of envying (Noun form of the verb)

فعل‌ها

羨む (Urayamu) To envy (Base verb)

羨ましがる (Urayamashigaru) To show signs of being envious (Third person)

صفت‌ها

羨ましい (Urayamashii) Enviable; jealous (Adjective)

مرتبط

嫉妬 (Shitto - Jealousy)

妬み (Netami - Resentment)

憧れ (Akogare - Longing/Admiration)

欲求 (Yokkyuu - Desire)

比較 (Hikaku - Comparison)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in written Japanese and formal speech; moderate in casual conversation.

اشتباهات رایج

彼を羨ましい。 → 彼が羨ましい。 / 彼を羨む。
The adjective 'urayamashii' takes 'ga', the verb 'urayamu' takes 'wo'.
私はとても羨む。 → 私はとても羨ましい。 / 私は彼を羨んでいる。
You can't just say 'I envy' without a context or object in Japanese conversation.
羨むな！ (as a compliment) → 羨ましい！
'Urayamu na!' means 'Don't envy!', which is a command, not a compliment.
Using 羨む for 'I miss you'. → 会いたい / 寂しい
'Urayamu' is strictly about envy, not longing for a person.
Confusing 羨む with 恨む (Uramu). → N/A
'Uramu' is resentment/grudge. Envy (urayamu) doesn't necessarily involve a grudge.

نکات

Verb vs Adjective

Always remember: [Object] を羨む (Verb) but [Object] が羨ましい (Adjective). This is the most common particle mistake.

Complimenting

If you want to compliment someone, stick to 'Urayamashii'. 'Urayamu' sounds like you are analyzing your own envy, which is less social.

Passive Power

Use '羨まれる' (to be envied) to describe someone's success. It sounds very natural and sophisticated in essays.

Synonym Choice

Use 'Akogareru' if you want to be 100% positive. Use 'Netamu' if you want to be 100% negative. Use 'Urayamu' for the middle ground.

Kanji Visual

The 'Sheep' radical at the top of 羨 represents something desirable. Imagine looking at a rare sheep and wanting it!

Context Matters

In dramas, if the music is dark, 'urayamu' likely means the character is about to do something bad out of jealousy.

Third Person

When talking about someone else looking jealous, use 'urayamashisou' (looks jealous) or 'urayamashigatte iru'.

Literature

Look for 'urayamu' in internal monologues; it's a key word for character motivation.

The Nail that Sticks Out

Being '羨まれる' (envied) in Japan can be stressful because of the pressure to conform and not stand out too much.

Ura-Yamu

Ura (Back/Inside) + Yamu (Sick). Envy is like a sickness inside your heart.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'UR (You) ARE YUMMY'. When you see something 'yummy' that someone else has, you 'Urayamu' it because you want to eat it too!

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a person standing behind a 'U' shaped fence looking at a 'RAre' 'YAM' (sweet potato) in someone else's garden. They 'U-RA-YAM-u' it.

شبکه واژگان

Urayamu (Verb) Urayamashii (Adjective) Senbou (Noun) Netamu (Resentment) Akogareru (Admiration) Shitto (Jealousy) Urayamashigaru (Behavior) Urayamareru (Passive)

چالش

Try to write three sentences: one using 'urayamu' about a skill, one using 'urayamareru' about a dream, and one using 'urayamanai' about your current life.

ریشه کلمه

The word 'urayamu' comes from the Old Japanese root 'ura', which refers to the 'inside' or 'heart/soul' (seen in words like 'ura-gaesu' or 'kokoro'). The 'yama' part is related to 'yamu' (to be sick or to be intense).

معنای اصلی: Originally, it meant something like 'one's heart being pained or moved' by looking at something desirable.

Japonic

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using 'urayamu' about people's personal tragedies or complex successes; it can sound cold if not used with the right auxiliary verbs like 'shimau'.

In English, 'I'm jealous' is used for both 'urayamashii' and 'urayamu'. Japanese requires you to choose between an adjective (feeling) and a verb (action/state).

The novel 'Kokoro' by Natsume Soseki explores themes of envy and guilt. Many Anime tropes involve a 'rival' character who deeply 'urayamu' the protagonist's natural talent. Buddhist teachings in Japan often discuss 'urayamu' as a form of attachment that leads to suffering.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Social Media

SNSで人を羨む
キラキラした生活を羨む
羨まれるための投稿
羨むのをやめる方法

Workplace

同僚の昇進を羨む
高い給料を羨む
上司の能力を羨む
羨まれるキャリア

Education

友達の成績を羨む
留学を羨む
推薦合格を羨む
羨まれる才能

Relationships

幸せな結婚を羨む
恋人がいる人を羨む
人気者を羨む
羨まれるカップル

Literature/Drama

主人公を羨む脇役
過去の自分を羨む
他人の運命を羨む
羨む心が引き起こす悲劇

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"誰か特定の人の才能を羨むことはありますか？ (Do you ever envy a specific person's talent?)"

"SNSを見ていて、他人の生活を羨むことはありますか？ (Do you ever envy others' lives while looking at social media?)"

"子供の頃、友達の持っているものを羨んだ思い出はありますか？ (Do you have memories of envying things your friends had as a child?)"

"「羨まれる」のと「羨む」の、どちらが辛いと思いますか？ (Which do you think is harder: being envied or envying?)"

"羨む気持ちをやる気に変えるには、どうすればいいと思いますか？ (How do you think one can turn the feeling of envy into motivation?)"

موضوعات نگارش

最近、誰かを羨む気持ちになったことがありますか？その理由を詳しく書いてください。 (Have you felt envious of someone recently? Write about the reason in detail.)

もし自分が誰からも羨まれる存在になったら、どんな生活をしたいですか？ (If you became someone envied by everyone, what kind of life would you want to lead?)

羨む気持ち（羨望）と、憧れる気持ち（憧れ）の違いについて、自分の経験を交えて考えてみましょう。 (Think about the difference between envying and admiring, using your own experiences.)

「隣の芝生は青い」という言葉について、自分の人生に当てはまる例を書いてください。 (Write an example from your own life that fits the saying 'The grass is greener on the other side'.)

他人を羨むのをやめるために、今日からできることを3つ挙げてください。 (List three things you can do starting today to stop envying others.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Grammatically yes, but it sounds very literary or dramatic. In person, say 'Urayamashii desu!'

Urayamu is the internal feeling/state. Urayamashigaru is used for the outward *behavior* of appearing envious, usually for a third person.

Not necessarily. It can be neutral admiration, but it often carries a nuance of longing that can become negative if not managed.

It's 羨. Top is sheep 羊, bottom left is 次, bottom right is 欠. It's 13 strokes.

Yes, you envy the person *for* the object, or envy the object/status itself (e.g., 成功を羨む).

Yes, 'urayami', but 'senbou' (羨望) is much more common as a noun.

Usually を (wo) for the thing you envy. If using the passive, に (ni) for the person who envies you.

Usually 'shitto' is used for romance. 'Urayamu' is for things like looks, money, or talent.

There isn't one perfect word, but 'awaremu' (to pity) or 'manzoku suru' (to be satisfied) are opposites in context.

Yes, to describe market competition or envied corporate success in reports.

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