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B1 verb #3,500 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

지연하다

jiyeonhada رتبه 3,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 지연하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 지연하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might not use '지연하다' directly, as it is a bit formal. Instead, you usually learn '늦다' (to be late). However, you might see '지연' on signs at train stations or airports. It just means something is not happening at the right time. Think of it as 'The train is late.' If you see this word, just know that you will have to wait longer. It is a very important word for travelers even at the beginning level. You don't need to worry about the complex grammar yet, just remember that '지연' equals 'wait'. For example, if you see '10분 지연' on a screen, it means '10 minutes delay'. This simple recognition will help you navigate Korea more easily.

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At the A2 level, you start to learn more formal verbs that end in '-하다'. '지연하다' is one of those words you might encounter in reading passages about travel or weather. You should understand that it means 'to delay'. You might see sentences like '비행기가 지연됐어요' (The plane was delayed). At this level, you should be able to recognize the difference between '지연' (the delay) and '지연하다' (to delay). You will notice it often appears with reasons like '비' (rain) or '눈' (snow). It is useful for understanding public announcements and basic news headlines. Try to remember it as the 'official' way to say something is late.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use '지연하다' and '지연되다' correctly in context. You should know that '지연되다' is more common for unexpected events like traffic or weather. You will use this word in professional settings, like explaining why a report is late or why a project is taking longer. You should also start to distinguish it from '연기하다' (to postpone/reschedule). B1 learners should be able to form complete sentences like '교통 사고 때문에 버스가 지연되었습니다' (The bus was delayed due to a traffic accident). This word helps you sound more professional and precise than just saying '늦었어요'.

At the B2 level, you should understand the strategic and technical uses of '지연하다'. This includes terms like '지연 작전' (delaying tactics) or '지연 이자' (late interest). You should be able to use the word in more complex sentence structures, such as using it as a noun phrase or in conditional clauses. For example, '공사가 더 이상 지연되지 않도록 대책을 세워야 합니다' (We must establish measures so that the construction is not delayed any further). You should also be comfortable using it in debates or business presentations to describe systemic issues or logistical challenges. Your understanding of the nuance between '지연' and '정체' (congestion) should also be clear.

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At the C1 level, you are mastering the nuances of '지연하다' in academic and legal contexts. You understand how it relates to concepts like '지연된 보상' (delayed gratification) in psychology or '지연 시간' (latency) in high-level computer science. You can use the word to describe complex social phenomena, such as '결혼 지연' (the delaying of marriage among youth). Your usage should be flawless, and you should be able to pick up on the subtle tone the word sets—one of objectivity and formality. You might use it in a thesis or a high-level business proposal to discuss efficiency and bottlenecking in a system.

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At the C2 level, '지연하다' is a tool for precise and sophisticated expression. You can use it in literary analysis, high-level political commentary, or complex legal arguments. You understand its historical usage and how it compares to more obscure synonyms. You can use it metaphorically to describe the 'delay' of justice or the 'delay' of a nation's progress. At this level, you don't just know the word; you know the weight it carries in various discourses. You can effortlessly switch between '지연', '연체', '해태', and '유예' depending on the specific legal or formal requirement of the text. Your command of the word reflects a deep understanding of Korean linguistic registers.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

지연하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

지연하다 means to delay or stall a formal process or event, often due to systemic or external reasons.
It is commonly used for transportation (flights, trains), business projects, and technical network latency.
The passive form 지연되다 (to be delayed) is more frequent in public announcements and news reports.
Unlike casual words for 'late,' 지연하다 implies a formal deviation from an established schedule or timeline.

The Korean verb 지연하다 (ji-yeon-ha-da) is a formal and technical term used to describe the act of delaying, stalling, or postponing an event, process, or task. Unlike casual words for 'late' or 'delay,' such as '늦다' or '미루다,' 지연하다 carries a weight of officiality and often refers to external factors or systematic processes that cause a lag. It is frequently encountered in contexts like transportation (flights, trains), logistics, construction projects, and telecommunications. When you hear this word, it usually implies that something was supposed to happen at a specific time but has been pushed back due to specific reasons like weather, technical issues, or administrative bottlenecks.

Formal Context: This word is the standard choice for news reports and official announcements regarding delays in public services or government projects.

폭설로 인해 비행기 출발이 지연되고 있습니다. (Flight departures are being delayed due to heavy snow.)

In business environments, 지연하다 is used to discuss timelines and deadlines. If a project is falling behind schedule, a manager might use this term to describe the situation professionally. It implies a deviation from a planned schedule. Furthermore, in the digital age, this word is used to describe 'latency' or 'lag' in network connections. When data packets take longer than expected to travel, the term '데이터 전송 지연' (data transmission delay) is used. This highlights the word's versatility across both physical and digital infrastructures.

Systemic Lag: Use this word when the delay is caused by a system, a machine, or a large-scale organization rather than just a personal choice.

결제 시스템의 오류가 처리를 지연시켰습니다. (An error in the payment system delayed the processing.)

Understanding the nuance between '지연하다' and its synonyms is crucial for B1 learners. While '연기하다' is strictly about moving a date to another specific date (like a meeting or a wedding), '지연하다' is more about the flow of time being slowed down or obstructed. If a train is 10 minutes late, it is '지연'; if a meeting is moved from Monday to Wednesday, it is '연기'. This distinction is vital for accurate communication in professional settings in Korea.

Using 지연하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical patterns and its relationship with the particle '~을/를'. As a transitive verb, it requires an object—the thing that is being delayed. Common objects include '출발' (departure), '도착' (arrival), '공사' (construction), '결정' (decision), and '처리' (processing). In everyday speech, however, the passive form 지연되다 is much more common when describing situations where the cause of the delay is external or unknown.

Active vs. Passive: Active (지연하다): The subject causes the delay. Passive (지연되다): The subject is delayed by something else.

그들은 의도적으로 보고서 제출을 지연하고 있습니다. (They are intentionally delaying the submission of the report.)

When constructing sentences, you can use the structure '[Noun] + 을/를 지연하다'. For example, '공급을 지연하다' (to delay supply) or '답변을 지연하다' (to delay an answer). If you want to express the reason for the delay, you usually use the '~로 인해' (due to) or '~ 때문에' (because of) patterns. This provides a clear, logical flow to your sentence, which is highly valued in Korean formal writing and speaking.

기술적인 문제로 인해 작업이 지연되었습니다. (The work was delayed due to technical problems.)

In more advanced usage, '지연하다' can be used in the context of '지연 작전' (delaying tactics). This is a strategic term used in sports, politics, or military contexts where one party intentionally slows things down to gain an advantage. This illustrates that the word isn't always about accidental lateness; it can describe a calculated, purposeful action. Whether you are explaining why you are late with a task or analyzing a political maneuver, '지연하다' provides the precise vocabulary needed for the task.

The most common place you will encounter 지연하다 (or its passive form 지연되다) is at transportation hubs like Incheon International Airport or Seoul Station. Announcements over the PA system will use this word to inform passengers about late arrivals or departures. For example, '기상 악화로 인해 열차 운행이 지연되고 있습니다' (Train operations are delayed due to worsening weather conditions). It is a word that immediately signals a change in schedule to the listener.

News Media: News anchors use this word when reporting on economic slowdowns, delayed government policies, or slow progress in international negotiations.

정부는 신도시 건설 계획을 지연하기로 결정했습니다. (The government decided to delay the new city construction plan.)

In the corporate world, you will hear this in meetings when discussing project management. If a software development team is behind on a sprint, the project manager might say, '배포가 일주일 지연될 것 같습니다' (The deployment is likely to be delayed by a week). It sounds much more professional than saying '늦을 것 같아요' (It seems it will be late), as it focuses on the process rather than personal failure. Additionally, in legal or administrative documents, '지연 이자' (delayed interest or late fees) is a common term referring to the extra money owed when a payment is not made on time.

서버 과부하로 인해 응답이 지연되고 있습니다. (The response is being delayed due to server overload.)

Finally, you might hear this word in educational settings, specifically regarding the '지연된 보상' (delayed gratification) concept in psychology. This refers to the ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward in hopes of obtaining a more valuable reward in the future. This shows that the word '지연' can also be used in abstract, academic, and psychological contexts, making it a highly valuable word for any learner aiming for proficiency.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 지연하다 with 연기하다. While both mean 'to delay' or 'to postpone,' they are used differently. 연기하다 is about rescheduling a specific event to a new time. For example, if you move a meeting from 2 PM to 4 PM, you are '연기'ing it. 지연하다, however, is about the process taking longer than it should. If the meeting starts at 2 PM but people are still talking at 3 PM about the first topic, the meeting progress is '지연'되고 있는 것입니다 (being delayed).

Mistake: rescheduing vs. lagging: Don't say '기차가 연기되었어요' (The train was rescheduled/postponed) when you mean 'The train is running late' (기차가 지연되었어요).

❌ 회의를 한 시간 지연합시다. (Let's delay the meeting by an hour - sounds like you want to slow it down while it happens.)
✅ 회의를 한 시간 연기합시다. (Let's postpone the meeting by an hour.)

Another common error is using 지연하다 in very casual personal situations. If you are late to meet a friend because you overslept, you should use '늦다' (to be late) or '늦게 가다' (to go late). Using '지연하다' in this context sounds overly robotic and stiff, as if you are a train or a government agency. It lacks the personal apology or human element expected in social interactions. It is important to match the formality of the word to the situation.

Lastly, learners often forget the difference between '지연하다' (active) and '지연되다' (passive). In Korean, when an event is delayed by external circumstances, we almost always use the passive '지연되다'. Using the active '지연하다' implies that someone specifically and intentionally caused the delay. If you say '비행기가 지연했어요', it sounds like the airplane itself decided to delay its own schedule, which is grammatically awkward. The correct form is '비행기가 지연되었어요'.

To truly master 지연하다, you must know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. The Korean language has several ways to express the concept of delay, each suited for different registers and situations. Understanding these subtle differences will make your Korean sound more natural and precise.

연기하다 (Yeon-gi-ha-da): To postpone or reschedule to a later date. Focuses on the new start time. Used for exams, weddings, and meetings.
미루다 (Mi-ru-da): To put off or procrastinate. Can be used casually for personal tasks like homework or cleaning.
늦추다 (Neut-chu-da): To loosen or slow down. Often used for speed (속도를 늦추다) or deadlines (마감 기한을 늦추다).
체체하다 (Che-che-ha-da): A more literary or archaic term for being stagnant or delayed, often used in historical or very formal contexts.

Comparison:
1. 비행기가 지연되었습니다 (The flight is running late - current process is slow).
2. 비행기가 연기되었습니다 (The flight was rescheduled for tomorrow).

When choosing between these words, ask yourself: Is this a formal situation? Is the delay intentional? Am I moving the date or just describing a slow process? If it's a formal description of a slow process, 지연하다 is your best bet. If it's a personal choice to do something later, 미루다 is more appropriate. If it's an official change of schedule, 연기하다 is the standard choice. Mastering these will elevate your Korean significantly.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 遲 (지) is the same one used in '지각' (being late to school/work), and 延 (연) is the same one used in '연장' (extension/overtime).

راهنمای تلفظ

UK t͡ɕijʌnhada

US t͡ɕijʌnhada

The primary stress is on the second syllable 'yeon'.

هم‌قافیه با

실현하다 (sil-hyeon-ha-da) 표현하다 (pyo-hyeon-ha-da) 강연하다 (gang-yeon-ha-da) 공연하다 (gong-yeon-ha-da) 수련하다 (su-ryeon-ha-da) 훈련하다 (hun-ryeon-ha-da) 관련하다 (gwan-ryeon-ha-da) 단련하다 (dan-ryeon-ha-da)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '지' like 'zi' instead of 'ji'.
Merging '연' and '하' into one sound; keep them distinct.
Over-emphasizing the 'h' in 'hada'.
Pronouncing '연' as 'yoon'.
Failing to aspirate the 'h' at all.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Common in news and signs, easy to recognize once learned.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal endings and passive/active distinction.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Needs to be used in the right formal context to sound natural.

گوش دادن 3/5

Frequent in public announcements.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

늦다 시간 이유 때문에 하다

بعداً یاد بگیرید

연기하다 중단하다 보류하다 유예하다

پیشرفته

해태하다 방치하다 정체되다

گرامر لازم

Passive voice with -되다

지연하다 (active) vs 지연되다 (passive)

Causative with -시키다

결정을 지연시키다 (to make the decision delayed)

Reasoning with -로 인해

사고로 인해 지연되었습니다.

Noun modification with -ㄴ/은

지연된 열차 (the delayed train)

Future probability with -ㄹ 것 같다

도착이 지연될 것 같습니다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

기차가 지연되었어요.

The train was delayed.

Passive form '지연되다' is used for the train.

비행기가 10분 지연입니다.

The flight is 10 minutes delayed.

'지연' is used as a noun here.

버스가 왜 지연돼요?

Why is the bus delayed?

Question form using the passive.

눈 때문에 지연됐어요.

It was delayed because of the snow.

'~때문에' indicates the reason.

조금 지연될 거예요.

It will be delayed a little.

Future tense suffix '~ㄹ 거예요'.

지연되어서 미안합니다.

I am sorry for the delay.

'~어서' connects the reason to the apology.

지연 시간을 확인하세요.

Please check the delay time.

Imperative form '~하세요'.

배송이 지연되고 있어요.

The delivery is being delayed.

Present progressive '~고 있다'.

폭우로 인해 출발이 지연되었습니다.

Departure was delayed due to heavy rain.

'~로 인해' is a formal way to say 'due to'.

작업이 생각보다 많이 지연됐네요.

The work has been delayed more than I thought.

'~보다' is used for comparison.

인터넷 속도가 지연되고 있습니다.

The internet speed is lagging.

Describes technical lag.

서류 처리를 지연하지 마세요.

Please do not delay the document processing.

Negative imperative '~지 마세요'.

사고 때문에 도착이 지연될 것 같습니다.

It seems the arrival will be delayed because of an accident.

'~ㄹ 것 같다' expresses probability.

지연된 이유를 설명해 주세요.

Please explain the reason it was delayed.

Past participle '지연된' modifying '이유'.

결제가 지연되어 불편을 드렸습니다.

The payment was delayed, causing inconvenience.

Formal apology structure.

공사가 한 달 지연될 예정입니다.

The construction is scheduled to be delayed by a month.

'~ㄹ 예정' indicates a schedule.

기술적 결함으로 인해 배송이 지연되고 있습니다.

Delivery is being delayed due to a technical flaw.

Formal terminology: '기술적 결함'.

정부는 예산 문제로 사업을 지연하기로 했습니다.

The government decided to delay the project due to budget issues.

'~하기로 하다' means 'decided to'.

상대 팀이 시간을 지연하려고 노력하고 있어요.

The opposing team is trying to stall for time.

'~하려고 노력하다' means 'trying to'.

응답 지연 현상이 자주 발생하고 있습니다.

Response delay phenomena are occurring frequently.

Noun phrase '응답 지연 현상'.

우리는 공사 지연에 따른 손해를 배상해야 합니다.

We must compensate for the damages resulting from the construction delay.

'~에 따른' means 'following' or 'resulting from'.

회의가 지연되는 바람에 약속에 늦었습니다.

I was late for my appointment because the meeting was delayed.

'~는 바람에' indicates an unexpected negative cause.

시스템 점검으로 인해 서비스가 일시적으로 지연됩니다.

Service will be temporarily delayed due to system maintenance.

Formal announcement style.

더 이상의 지연은 프로젝트에 치명적입니다.

Any further delay is fatal to the project.

Using '지연' as a noun subject.

그 기업은 의도적으로 결제를 지연하며 시간을 끌었다.

The company intentionally delayed payment to buy time.

'~하며' indicates simultaneous action.

네트워크 지연 시간을 최소화하는 것이 관건입니다.

The key is to minimize the network latency.

'~하는 것이 관건이다' means 'is the key'.

수출 심사가 지연되면서 물류 비용이 상승했습니다.

As the export inspection was delayed, logistics costs rose.

'~면서' indicates a causal progression.

지연 이자를 포함하여 총액을 지불해야 합니다.

The total amount must be paid, including late interest.

Economic term: '지연 이자'.

개발 단계에서 지연이 발생하면 전체 일정이 꼬입니다.

If a delay occurs in the development stage, the entire schedule gets messed up.

Conditional '~면'.

그들은 지연 작전을 펼쳐 상대의 실수를 유도했다.

They used delaying tactics to induce a mistake from the opponent.

Idiomatic phrase: '지연 작전을 펼치다'.

부품 수급이 지연됨에 따라 생산 라인이 멈췄습니다.

As the supply of parts was delayed, the production line stopped.

'~함에 따라' means 'in accordance with' or 'as'.

판결이 지연되는 동안 피해자의 고통은 커져만 갔다.

While the verdict was delayed, the victim's suffering only grew.

'~는 동안' means 'while' or 'during'.

심리적 측면에서 지연된 보상은 자제력과 직결됩니다.

From a psychological perspective, delayed gratification is directly linked to self-control.

Academic term: '지연된 보상'.

행정 절차의 지연은 시민들의 불만을 초래할 수 있습니다.

Delays in administrative procedures can lead to citizen dissatisfaction.

'~을 초래하다' means 'to cause' (usually negative).

데이터 처리 지연을 방지하기 위해 알고리즘을 최적화했다.

The algorithm was optimized to prevent data processing delays.

'~하기 위해' means 'in order to'.

공급망의 병목 현상이 납기 지연의 주요 원인입니다.

The bottleneck in the supply chain is the main cause of delivery delays.

Business term: '병목 현상' (bottleneck).

국회의 승인이 지연되면서 법안 발효가 늦춰지고 있다.

As the National Assembly's approval is delayed, the bill's enactment is being pushed back.

Passive progressive form.

그는 의도적으로 답변을 지연하며 협상 주도권을 잡으려 했다.

He intentionally delayed his response to seize the initiative in negotiations.

Strategic context.

기후 변화로 인한 재해는 구호 물자 전달을 지연시킨다.

Disasters caused by climate change delay the delivery of relief supplies.

Causative structure: '~시키다'.

지연된 정의는 정의가 아니라는 격언이 있습니다.

There is a maxim that says 'Justice delayed is justice denied'.

Philosophical usage.

현대 사회의 결혼 지연 현상은 복합적인 사회 경제적 요인에 기인한다.

The phenomenon of delayed marriage in modern society is due to complex socio-economic factors.

Sociological term: '결혼 지연'.

해당 사안은 법적 공방으로 인해 판결이 무기한 지연될 소지가 다분하다.

There is a strong possibility that the verdict on this matter will be delayed indefinitely due to legal battles.

'~할 소지가 다분하다' means 'there is a high possibility'.

자본의 흐름이 지연되면 실물 경제에 심각한 타격을 줄 수 있다.

If the flow of capital is delayed, it can deal a serious blow to the real economy.

Economic context.

작가는 서술을 지연시킴으로써 독자의 긴장감을 극대화했다.

The author maximized the reader's tension by delaying the narrative.

Literary analysis usage.

관료주의적 폐단이 국가 정책의 집행을 지연시키고 있다.

Bureaucratic evils are delaying the execution of national policies.

Political critique.

신호 지연이 미세하더라도 정밀 기기 작동에는 큰 영향을 미친다.

Even if the signal delay is minute, it has a significant impact on the operation of precision instruments.

Scientific context.

유동성 위기로 인해 채무 상환이 지연될 위기에 처했다.

Due to a liquidity crisis, debt repayment is at risk of being delayed.

Financial term: '채무 상환 지연'.

역사의 진보가 지연될 수는 있어도 멈출 수는 없다.

The progress of history may be delayed, but it cannot be stopped.

Metaphorical/Philosophical usage.

مترادف‌ها

늦추다 연기하다 미루다

متضادها

단축하다 서두르다

ترکیب‌های رایج

도착이 지연되다

출발이 지연되다

공사가 지연되다

처리가 지연되다

지연 이자를 내다

네트워크 지연

지연 작전

답변을 지연하다

배송 지연 안내

발육 지연

عبارات رایج

지연 시간

— The amount of time something is delayed. Used in tech and travel.

지연 시간이 얼마나 되나요?

무기한 지연

— Indefinite delay. Used when no new time is set.

계획이 무기한 지연되었습니다.

일시적 지연

— A temporary delay. Common in service announcements.

일시적 지연이니 잠시만 기다려 주세요.

지연 사유

— The reason for the delay. Used in official forms.

지연 사유를 적어 주세요.

상당히 지연되다

— To be delayed considerably. Indicates a long wait.

공사가 상당히 지연되었습니다.

의도적 지연

— An intentional delay. Used in legal or strategic contexts.

이것은 의도적 지연으로 보입니다.

결제 지연

— A delay in payment. Common in business and banking.

결제 지연으로 서비스가 중단되었습니다.

공급 지연

— A delay in supply. Used in logistics and economics.

원자재 공급 지연이 심각합니다.

수속 지연

— A delay in processing procedures (like customs).

입국 수속 지연으로 늦었습니다.

응답 지연

— A delay in responding. Used in IT for server lag.

응답 지연 현상이 발생했습니다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

지연하다 vs 연기하다

Rescheduling to a new date vs. a slow process.

지연하다 vs 미루다

Procrastinating/personal delay vs. formal/systemic delay.

지연하다 vs 지체하다

Tarrying/wasting time vs. a process being held up.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"시간을 지연시키다"

— To stall for time. Used when someone is trying to avoid a decision.

그는 결정을 내리지 않고 시간을 지연시켰다.

Neutral

"지연 작전을 펴다"

— To carry out a delaying tactic. Used in sports or politics.

수비팀은 지연 작전을 펴며 승리를 굳혔다.

Neutral

"발목을 잡다"

— To hold someone back (figuratively delaying progress).

과거의 실수가 그의 성공의 발목을 잡아 지연시켰다.

Informal/Idiomatic

"거북이 걸음"

— Snail's pace (describing something very delayed).

공사가 거북이 걸음으로 지연되고 있다.

Informal

"차일피일 미루다"

— To put something off from day to day (related to delaying).

그는 빚 갚는 것을 차일피일 미루며 지연했다.

Neutral

"게걸음 치다"

— To move sideways (making no progress, effectively delaying).

협상이 진전 없이 게걸음 치며 지연되었다.

Neutral

"제자리걸음"

— Walking in place (stagnation/delay in progress).

프로젝트가 제자리걸음을 하며 지연되고 있다.

Neutral

"미적거리다"

— To hesitate or dawdle, causing a delay.

그렇게 미적거리면 출발이 지연된다.

Informal

"뜸을 들이다"

— To take a long time before doing something (stalling).

그는 대답을 하기 전 한참 뜸을 들이며 지연했다.

Informal

"시간을 끌다"

— To drag out time. Very common synonym for delaying.

협상에서 유리한 고지를 점하려 시간을 끌었다.

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

지연하다 vs 연기 (Postponement)

Both involve moving things later.

연기 implies a specific new time/date is set. 지연 implies a lag in the current flow.

결혼식을 연기하다 (Postpone wedding) vs 비행기가 지연되다 (Flight is late).

지연하다 vs 미루다 (Put off)

Both mean 'delay'.

미루다 is active and often personal/casual. 지연하다 is formal and often systemic.

숙제를 미루다 (Put off homework) vs 공사가 지연되다 (Construction is delayed).

지연하다 vs 정체 (Congestion)

Both cause lateness.

정체 refers to traffic or flow being stuck. 지연 is the resulting delay in time.

교통 정체 (Traffic jam) vs 도착 지연 (Arrival delay).

지연하다 vs 유예 (Grace period)

Both mean 'later'.

유예 is a legal/official suspension or extra time given. 지연 is a lag.

집행 유예 (Suspended sentence) vs 지급 지연 (Payment delay).

지연하다 vs 중단 (Interruption)

Both stop progress.

중단 means stopping entirely (temporarily or permanently). 지연 means continuing but slowly.

공사 중단 (Stopping construction) vs 공사 지연 (Slow construction).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Reason] 때문에 [Noun]이/가 지연됐어요.

비 때문에 출발이 지연됐어요.

[Reason]로 인해 [Noun]이/가 지연되고 있습니다.

기상 악화로 인해 운행이 지연되고 있습니다.

[Noun]을/를 지연하지 마십시오.

작업을 지연하지 마십시오.

[Noun]이/가 지연됨에 따라 [Result].

공사가 지연됨에 따라 비용이 늘어났습니다.

의도적으로 [Noun]을/를 지연하다.

그들은 의도적으로 결제를 지연했다.

[Noun]의 지연은 [Negative Result]을/를 초래한다.

승인의 지연은 혼란을 초래한다.

[Noun] 지연 시간을 최소화하다.

응답 지연 시간을 최소화해야 합니다.

[Abstract Noun]이/가 지연될 소지가 있다.

개혁이 지연될 소지가 다분하다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

지연 (Delay)

지연자 (Delayer/Staller)

지연책 (Delaying measure)

فعل‌ها

지연되다 (To be delayed)

지연시키다 (To cause to delay)

صفت‌ها

지연된 (Delayed)

مرتبط

연기 (Postponement)

정체 (Congestion)

대기 (Waiting)

중단 (Interruption)

유예 (Grace period)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very high in official and technical contexts; moderate in daily speech.

اشتباهات رایج

기차가 연기되었어요. → 기차가 지연되었어요.
You don't 'postpone' (연기) a train to a new date; it is 'delayed' (지연) in its current run.
친구를 만나는 게 지연됐어. → 친구 만나는 게 늦어졌어.
Personal meetings are too casual for '지연'. Use '늦어지다' or '미뤄지다'.
비행기가 지연했어요. → 비행기가 지연되었어요.
The plane doesn't perform the action of delaying; it is delayed by weather/tech, so use the passive.
숙제를 지연하다. → 숙제를 미루다.
Procrastinating on homework is '미루다'. '지연하다' is for formal processes.
교통 지연 때문에 늦었어요. → 교통 정체 때문에 늦었어요.
'교통 정체' (traffic congestion) is the cause. '도착 지연' (arrival delay) is the result.

نکات

Use the Passive Form

When talking about trains, planes, or weather, always use '지연되다'. It sounds much more natural as these things are usually delayed by outside forces.

Learn with '사유'

The word '지연' is almost always paired with '사유' (reason). If you see '지연 사유', look for words like '기상 악화' (bad weather) or '기체 고장' (mechanical failure).

Business Email Tip

In an email, if you can't meet a deadline, use '부득이하게 지연되었습니다' (It was inevitably delayed). This sounds professional and polite.

Network Lag

If your internet is slow, you can say '인터넷 지연이 심해요'. This is the 'correct' way to say it, though friends might just say '인터넷이 느려요'.

Delaying Tactics

Use '지연 작전' when describing someone who is avoiding giving a straight answer or trying to wait out a situation.

Late Fees

Remember '지연 이자' if you are dealing with Korean banks or bills. It's the standard term for interest on late payments.

Rescheduling vs Delay

Always check: Am I changing the date (연기)? Or is the process just slow (지연)? This is the biggest mistake learners make.

Apologizing

When '지연' happens, Koreans often use the phrase '양해 부탁드립니다' (We ask for your understanding). It's a set phrase you'll hear in announcements.

Delayed Gratification

Learn '지연된 보상' for psychological or educational discussions. It's a common academic concept in Korea.

Soft 'H'

The 'h' in '지연하다' can sometimes sound very soft or almost silent when spoken quickly, like '지여나다'. Listen closely to native speakers.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Ji' as 'Just' and 'Yeon' as 'Yawning'. If you 'Just Yawn' while working, you will 'Ji-yeon' (delay) the project!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a large airplane sitting on a runway with a giant clock behind it where the hands are moving in slow motion.

شبکه واژگان

Transportation Schedule Late Hanja: 遲延 Formal Process System Lag

چالش

Try to use '지연되다' next time you talk about a late bus or a slow internet connection instead of just saying '늦어요'.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters). 遲 (지) meaning 'slow' or 'late' and 延 (연) meaning 'to extend' or 'to prolong'. Together, they form the concept of extending the time something takes, making it slow.

معنای اصلی: To prolong or extend a state of being late.

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using this with superiors; using the passive '지연되다' is safer as it doesn't blame a specific person.

In English, 'delay' covers both formal and informal contexts. In Korean, '지연하다' is strictly formal.

K-Drama 'Misaeng' often uses this word in corporate contexts. News reports on Incheon Airport delays during Chuseok. Psychological studies on 'Delayed Gratification' (마시멜로 테스트).

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At the Airport

비행기가 지연됐나요?
얼마나 지연되나요?
지연 사유가 뭐죠?
지연 보상을 받을 수 있나요?

In the Office

보고서 제출이 지연될 것 같습니다.
공사 지연 문제를 논의합시다.
업무 처리를 지연하지 마세요.
결제가 지연되고 있습니다.

Tech Support

네트워크 지연이 심해요.
응답 지연 시간을 확인해 보세요.
서버 지연 현상이 해결되었습니다.
데이터 전송이 지연되고 있습니다.

Banking/Finance

지연 이자가 얼마나 붙나요?
송금이 지연되고 있습니다.
상환 지연 사유서를 제출하세요.
결제 지연으로 연체되었습니다.

Traffic/Daily Life

교통 체증으로 지연됐어요.
배송이 지연되고 있네요.
도착 지연 안내를 받았어요.
작업이 지연되어 늦을 것 같아요.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"비행기가 지연되었을 때 보통 무엇을 하면서 시간을 보내시나요?"

"한국에서는 배송이 지연되면 사람들이 많이 답답해하나요?"

"회사에서 프로젝트가 지연되면 어떻게 대처하시나요?"

"인터넷 지연(렉) 때문에 화가 났던 경험이 있나요?"

"살면서 '지연된 보상'의 중요성을 느껴본 적이 있나요?"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 내 일정이 지연되었던 경험에 대해 써보세요. 왜 지연되었나요?

만약 당신이 공항에서 비행기가 5시간 지연된다면 무엇을 할 것인지 적어보세요.

지연된 정의(delayed justice)에 대한 당신의 생각은 어떠한가요?

기술의 발전이 우리의 기다림(지연)을 줄여주었다고 생각하나요?

자신이 무언가를 의도적으로 지연시켰던 적이 있다면 그 이유를 설명해 보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It's better not to. '지연하다' sounds very formal and robotic for personal meetings. Use '늦다' (to be late) instead. For example, '미안, 좀 늦을 것 같아' is much more natural than '도착이 지연될 것 같아' unless you want to sound like a train announcement as a joke.

They are very similar, but '지연시키다' is a causative form, emphasizing that someone or something *made* the delay happen. '지연하다' is the standard active verb. In many cases, they are interchangeable, but '시키다' is stronger on causation.

Yes! In technical settings, 'latency' or 'ping' is called '지연 시간'. However, most Korean gamers just say '렉' (lag). If you see '네트워크 지연' in the settings, that's what it means.

You say '비행기 지연' (bi-haeng-gi ji-yeon) or more formally '항공편 지연' (hang-gong-pyeon ji-yeon). On a screen, you will likely see '지연' next to the flight number.

It means 'late interest' or 'delinquent interest'. It's the extra money you have to pay if you delay a loan or credit card payment. It's a very common term in banking.

Yes, '발육 지연' means 'developmental delay' or 'growth retardation'. It's used when a child's physical or mental growth is slower than the average.

It means 'delaying tactics'. It's used when someone (like a politician or a sports team) intentionally slows things down to gain a tactical advantage or to wait for a better opportunity.

In daily life and public announcements, yes. '지연되다' is used when the delay just 'happens' (passive). '지연하다' is used when someone 'does' the delaying (active).

You can say '지연되어 죄송합니다' (ji-yeon-doe-eo joe-song-ham-ni-da) or '처리가 지연되어 사과드립니다' (I apologize for the delay in processing).

It is 遲 (지 - slow) and 延 (연 - extend). Understanding these characters helps you see why the word means 'extending the time by being slow'.

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