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A2 noun 9 دقیقه مطالعه

~대하여

-daehayeo

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها ~대하여 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح ~대하여 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to build simple sentences. You might not use '~에 대하여' very often yet, as you usually stick to simple objects using the particles '~을/를'. However, you will start to see it in your textbooks when the book introduces a new topic. For example, '가족에 대하여 이야기해요' (Talk about your family). At this stage, you should simply recognize that '에 대하여' means 'about'. You don't need to worry about the complex grammar rules; just remember that it follows a noun. If you want to say you are studying something, you can say '한국어에 대하여 공부해요'. It makes your sentence sound a bit more formal than just '한국어를 공부해요'. Focus on the basic structure: [Noun] + 에 대하여 + [Verb]. Common verbs at this level are '말하다' (to speak) and '생각하다' (to think). Even at A1, using this phrase can help you describe what you are thinking or talking about in a clear way. Think of it as a bridge that connects your topic to your action. Just remember not to use it for 'about 5 o'clock'—that is a different kind of 'about'!

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At the A2 level, you are expected to handle more varied topics like hobbies, travel, and personal experiences. This is where '~에 대하여' becomes very useful. You will use it to give short presentations or write simple paragraphs about your interests. For example, '제 취미에 대하여 설명하겠습니다' (I will explain about my hobby). You should also begin to notice the difference between the spoken form '~에 대해' and the written form '~에 대하여'. At A2, you will also start using the adjectival form '~에 대한' to modify nouns. For instance, '한국 음식에 대한 책' (A book about Korean food). This level is about expanding your ability to specify what you are talking about. Instead of just saying 'I like movies', you can say 'I like talking about movies' (영화에 대해 이야기하는 것을 좋아해요). You are also learning to use it with question words, like '무엇에 대하여?' (About what?). This is a key step in becoming an independent speaker who can engage in topical conversations.

At the B1 level, you are moving into abstract topics and more formal situations. You will use '~에 대하여' to discuss social issues, opinions, and work-related matters. You should be comfortable using the full form in written reports and the shortened form '~에 대해(서)' in discussions. At this level, the nuance of the particle '서' in '~에 대해서' becomes more apparent—it often implies that you are speaking based on a certain topic. You will also start encountering this expression in more complex sentence structures, such as those involving the '여부' (whether or not) construction. For example, '계획의 실현 여부에 대하여' (About whether the plan is feasible). You are also expected to distinguish '~에 대하여' from its more formal cousin '~에 관하여'. While you might use '~에 대하여' in a personal essay, you would see '~에 관하여' in a formal academic paper. Your ability to use these correctly shows that you understand the register of the Korean language. You should also be careful with the placement of '~에 대한' in complex noun phrases.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to have a high degree of control over formal and informal registers. You should be able to use '~에 대하여' fluently in presentations, debates, and professional writing. You will notice that in formal documents, '~에 대하여' is often used to introduce the scope of an investigation or a legal argument. For example, '본 연구는 기후 변화에 대하여 분석한다' (This study analyzes climate change). At this stage, you should also be aware of how to use '~에 대해서는' to provide contrast or emphasis. For instance, '다른 문제는 괜찮지만, 이 점에 대해서는 반대합니다' (Other issues are fine, but as for this point, I disagree). Your use of the expression should be precise, and you should avoid overusing it in places where a simple object marker would be more natural. You should also be familiar with related idiomatic expressions and how '~에 대하여' interacts with different verb endings to convey subtle meanings like intention, obligation, or possibility.

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At the C1 level, you are approaching near-native proficiency. You use '~에 대하여' and its variants with precision and rhetorical flair. You understand the historical and linguistic roots of the expression (the verb '대하다') and can use this knowledge to understand rare or archaic usages in literature. You can distinguish between the subtle nuances of '~에 대하여', '~에 관하여', '~을/를 두고', and '~에 입각하여' (based on). In your writing, you use '~에 대한' to create complex, multi-layered noun phrases that are common in academic and legal Korean. You are also sensitive to the rhythm of the sentence, choosing between the long and short forms to maintain the flow of your prose. You might use the expression to set up philosophical inquiries or to critique complex theories. Your understanding of the word extends beyond simple translation; you see it as a tool for structuring thought and directing the listener's focus with surgical precision. You are also able to identify and correct subtle misuses of the expression in others' speech or writing.

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At the C2 level, you have mastered the Korean language to a point where '~에 대하여' is a natural part of your cognitive framework. You can use it in highly specialized fields such as law, philosophy, or high-level diplomacy. You are capable of interpreting the subtle legal implications of using '~에 대하여' versus '~에 관하여' in a contract or treaty. You can appreciate the stylistic choices made by great Korean writers in their use of these particles to create specific moods or emphases. Your command of the language allows you to use the expression in ways that are both grammatically perfect and stylistically sophisticated. You might even use it ironically or in wordplay. At this level, you are not just a learner but a master of the language's nuances, capable of using '~에 대하여' to construct arguments that are as elegant as they are persuasive. You understand the full semantic range of the root '대(對)' and how it influences a wide array of Korean vocabulary, allowing you to see the interconnectedness of the language at a profound level.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

~대하여 در ۳۰ ثانیه

~에 대하여 is a Korean expression meaning 'about' or 'regarding', used to introduce a specific topic or subject matter in a sentence.
It is derived from the verb '대하다' (to face) and requires the particle '에' before it to function correctly as a topic marker.
The shortened form '~에 대해' is common in speech, while '~에 대한' is the adjectival form used specifically to modify nouns.
It is essential for formal writing, academic reports, and professional communication, providing a clear and objective tone to the discourse.

The Korean expression ~에 대하여 (often shortened to ~에 대해) is a fundamental postpositional construction used to indicate the subject matter or topic of an action, thought, or discussion. In English, it most directly translates to 'about', 'concerning', or 'regarding'. It is derived from the verb 대하다, which means 'to face' or 'to treat'. When you use this expression, you are essentially saying that your attention or the action of the verb is 'facing' a specific noun.

Grammatical Role: It functions as a compound particle that links a noun to a verb. The standard structure is [Noun] + 에 대하여 + [Verb]. It is primarily used with verbs of communication (talking, writing), cognition (thinking, knowing), or investigation (researching, asking).

우리는 미래에 대하여 이야기했습니다. (We talked about the future.)

This expression is versatile but carries a slightly more formal or objective tone compared to the simple particle -에 or -를. While in casual speech Koreans might just say '영화 봤어?' (Did you see the movie?), using '~에 대하여' implies a focus on the content or topic: '영화에 대하여 토론합시다' (Let's have a discussion about the movie). It is the backbone of academic writing, news reporting, and professional presentations in Korea.

Register and Nuance: While '~에 대하여' is common, it is distinct from '~에 관하여' (concerning). '~에 대하여' is slightly more personal or direct, whereas '~에 관하여' is strictly formal and often used in titles of papers or legal documents. Choosing '~에 대하여' makes your Korean sound organized and clear.

그 문제에 대하여 아는 것이 있나요? (Do you know anything about that problem?)

Historically, the root '대(對)' comes from Hanja, meaning 'opposite' or 'to face'. This suggests that when you speak 'about' something, you are metaphorically standing face-to-face with that topic. This imagery helps learners understand why it requires the particle '에' (to/at) before it. You are directing your action 'to' the 'facing' of the object.

Common Contexts: You will encounter this word in textbooks (e.g., 'Learn about Korean culture'), in interviews (e.g., 'Tell us about yourself'), and in research (e.g., 'A study about climate change'). It is the standard way to introduce a theme.

자신에 대하여 설명해 주세요. (Please explain about yourself.)

이 사건에 대하여 조사 중입니다. (We are investigating this incident.)

환경 보호에 대하여 생각해보자. (Let's think about environmental protection.)

Using ~에 대하여 correctly requires understanding its three primary forms: the full form, the contracted form, and the attributive form. Each serves a specific grammatical function in Korean sentence structure. Mastering these allows you to transition from simple sentences to complex, professional-sounding Korean.

1. The Full Form: ~에 대하여: This is used primarily in written documents, formal speeches, or when the speaker wants to emphasize the topic. It is followed by a verb. For example: '경제에 대하여 발표하다' (To give a presentation about the economy).

부모님은 제 성적에 대하여 걱정하십니다. (My parents are worried about my grades.)

2. The Contracted Form: ~에 대해(서): In daily conversation, '대하여' is shortened to '대해'. Adding '서' (대해서) is extremely common and adds a slight nuance of 'based on' or 'regarding the matter of'. This is the most natural form for speaking.

그 영화에 대해(서) 어떻게 생각해? (What do you think about that movie?)

3. The Attributive Form: ~에 대한: This is a crucial distinction. When you want to modify a noun (e.g., 'a book about music'), you cannot use '대하여'. You must use '대한'. The structure is [Noun A] + 에 대한 + [Noun B].

한국 역사에 대한 책을 읽고 있어요. (I am reading a book about Korean history.)

When constructing sentences, remember that '~에 대하여' acts as a bridge. It requires a noun to its left and usually a verb of cognition or communication to its right. Verbs like '말하다' (talk), '쓰다' (write), '조사하다' (investigate), '생각하다' (think), and '질문하다' (ask) are the most frequent partners of this expression.

새로운 계획에 대하여 질문이 있습니다. (I have a question about the new plan.)

사랑에 대하여 노래하는 가수들이 많아요. (There are many singers who sing about love.)

In advanced usage, you might see it paired with '여부' (whether or not). For example, '성공 여부에 대하여' (About whether it will succeed or not). This demonstrates how '~에 대하여' can handle complex abstract noun phrases as its object.

While ~에 대하여 might seem like a 'textbook' word, it is deeply embedded in various layers of Korean society. From the evening news to K-Dramas and university lecture halls, its presence is ubiquitous. Understanding where and how it is used will help you tune your ear to natural Korean speech patterns.

1. News and Media: News anchors use this phrase constantly to introduce segments. You will hear phrases like '정부의 새로운 정책에 대하여...' (Regarding the government's new policy...). It provides a professional frame for the information being presented.

오늘의 뉴스입니다. 최근 물가 상승에 대하여 알아보겠습니다. (Today's news. We will look into the recent rise in prices.)

2. Academic and Educational Settings: In classrooms, teachers use '~에 대하여' to define the scope of the lesson. Students use it when asking questions about specific concepts. It is the language of inquiry and learning.

다음 시간에는 광합성에 대하여 배우겠습니다. (Next class, we will learn about photosynthesis.)

3. Business Meetings and Interviews: In a job interview, the interviewer will almost certainly say, '본인에 대해 말씀해 보세요' (Please tell us about yourself). In meetings, it identifies the agenda items: '프로젝트 일정에 대해 논의합시다' (Let's discuss the project schedule).

In K-Dramas, you'll hear this during serious conversations. When a character wants to clear the air or confront another, they might say, '우리 관계에 대해 할 말이 있어' (I have something to say about our relationship). It signals that a significant topic is about to be addressed.

그 사람에 대하여 너무 걱정하지 마세요. (Don't worry too much about that person.)

이 책은 성공에 대하여 다루고 있습니다. (This book deals with success.)

Finally, you will see it in surveys and feedback forms. '서비스에 대한 만족도' (Satisfaction regarding the service). In this case, the adjectival form '대한' is used because it is modifying the noun '만족도' (satisfaction).

Even though ~에 대하여 is a common expression, it is a frequent source of errors for English speakers. Because English uses the single word 'about' for many different grammatical functions, learners often try to use '~에 대하여' in ways that don't fit Korean logic.

Mistake 1: Forgetting the Particle '에': Many learners say '한국 대하여' instead of '한국에 대하여'. Because '대하여' is derived from a verb, it requires the particle '에' to indicate the target of that 'facing'. Always remember: [Noun] + 에 + 대하여.

날씨 대하여 이야기해요 (X)
날씨에 대하여 이야기해요 (O)

Mistake 2: Confusing '대하여' with '대한': This is the most common error. '대하여' is an adverbial form (used before verbs). '대한' is an adjectival form (used before nouns). You cannot say '한국에 대하여 책' (a book about Korea). You must say '한국에 대한 책'.

사랑에 대하여 노래 (X)
사랑에 대한 노래 (O)

Mistake 3: Using it for 'Approximate Time/Amount': In English, we say 'I have about 5 dollars' or 'I'll arrive about 2 PM'. You cannot use '~에 대하여' here. For approximations, use '~쯤', '~정도', or '~약'. '~에 대하여' only means 'concerning a topic'.

2시 에 대하여 올게요 (X)
2시쯤 올게요 (O)

Mistake 4: Overuse in Casual Speech: While not grammatically 'wrong', using the full '~에 대하여' in a very casual conversation with friends can sound overly stiff or robotic. In casual settings, use the shortened '~에 대해' or simply use the object marker '~을/를' if the verb allows it.

Casual: 나 어제 그 소문 들었어. (I heard that rumor yesterday.)
Formal: 소문에 대하여 들었습니다. (I heard about the rumor.)

To truly master Korean, you need to know when to use ~에 대하여 and when to choose a synonym that provides a more precise nuance. Korean has several ways to express the concept of 'about', ranging from formal academic terms to casual particles.

1. ~에 관하여 (Regarding/Concerning): This is the closest synonym to '~에 대하여'. However, '~에 관하여' is even more formal and is typically used in legal, academic, or highly official contexts. It implies a broader relationship to the topic. If '~에 대하여' is 'about', '~에 관하여' is 'concerning'.

환경법에 관하여 논의하다. (To discuss regarding environmental law.)

2. ~을/를 두고 (Over/Regarding): This is used when there is a debate, conflict, or competition centered around a specific topic. It translates well to 'over' in English, as in 'fighting over money'.

그 문제를 두고 의견이 갈렸다. (Opinions were divided over that issue.)

3. ~에 대해서는 (As for/Regarding...): Adding the topic marker '는' to '대해서' creates a contrast. It means 'Regarding [this specific thing], (as opposed to other things)'. It is useful for narrowing down a discussion.

그 계획에 대해서는 찬성합니다. (As for that plan, I agree.)

4. ~에 의하여 (By/According to): Be careful not to confuse '~에 대하여' with '~에 의하여'. The latter means 'by means of' or 'due to'. Changing one syllable completely changes the meaning of the sentence.

법에 의하여 금지됨. (Prohibited by law.)

In summary, while '~에 대하여' is your go-to for 'about', being aware of these alternatives allows you to express yourself with the precision of a native speaker. Use '~에 대해' for talking, '~에 대하여' for formal writing, and '~에 대한' when describing a noun.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The root '대(對)' is the same one used in '대통령' (President - the one who faces the people) and '상대' (Opponent - the one facing you). It implies a direct relationship.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /e̞ dɛ̝ɦajʌ̹/

US /e̞ dɛ̝ɦajʌ̹/

Korean is not a stress-timed language, but there is a slight emphasis on the first syllable of the noun and the '대' of the particle.

هم‌قافیه با

위하여 (wihayeo - for) 인하여 (inhayeo - due to) 의하여 (uihayeo - by) 더하여 (deohayeo - plus) 대하여 (daehayeo) 응하여 (eunghayeo) 권하여 (gwonhayeo) 변하여 (byeonhayeo)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '대' as 'day' (it should be shorter).
Making the 'h' in '하' too heavy.
Failing to link the '에' to the previous noun smoothly.
Confusing the vowel '여' with '요'.
Pronouncing '어' as 'oh' instead of an open 'o' sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the pattern Noun+에 is known.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires remembering the '에' and choosing between '대하여' and '대한'.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Shortened form '에 대해' is very easy to use in conversation.

گوش دادن 2/5

Very common, so it is easily heard in news and dramas.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

에 (Particle) 대하다 (Verb) 말하다 (Verb) 생각하다 (Verb) 주제 (Noun)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

~에 관하여 (Formal) ~에 의하여 (Due to) ~에 비하여 (Compared to) ~에 위배되어 (Against) ~에 입각하여 (Based on)

پیشرفته

~을/를 막론하고 (Regardless of) ~은/는 고사하고 (Let alone) ~을/를 불문하고 (Regardless of) ~에 즈음하여 (On the occasion of) ~을/를 토대로 (Based on)

گرامر لازم

Noun + 에 대한 + Noun

사랑에 대한 노래 (A song about love)

Noun + 에 대해(서) + Verb

그 일에 대해 말해요 (Talk about that matter)

Noun + 에 대하여 + Verb

역사에 대하여 공부합니다 (I study about history)

무엇에 대하여? (Interrogative)

무엇에 대하여 이야기하고 있어요? (What are you talking about?)

Noun + 에 대해서는 (Contrastive)

이 점에 대해서는 동의합니다 (Regarding this point, I agree)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

가족에 대하여 말해요.

Talk about family.

Simple Noun + 에 대하여.

한국에 대하여 공부해요.

I study about Korea.

Indicates the topic of study.

이것에 대하여 알아요?

Do you know about this?

Used with the verb 'to know'.

친구에 대하여 써요.

I write about a friend.

Topic of writing.

날씨에 대하여 이야기해요.

Let's talk about the weather.

Common conversational topic.

학교에 대하여 질문해요.

Ask about the school.

Topic of a question.

음식에 대하여 생각해요.

I think about food.

Topic of thought.

무엇에 대하여 말합니까?

What are you talking about?

Interrogative form.

제 취미에 대하여 설명하겠습니다.

I will explain about my hobby.

Formal presentation style.

한국 문화에 대한 책을 읽어요.

I read a book about Korean culture.

Attributive form modifying 'book'.

여행 계획에 대해 이야기합시다.

Let's talk about the travel plan.

Shortened form '에 대해'.

그 영화에 대해 어떻게 생각해요?

What do you think about that movie?

Asking for an opinion.

자신에 대해 소개해 보세요.

Please introduce yourself.

Reflexive '자신' used with the particle.

이 문제에 대해 질문이 있어요.

I have a question about this problem.

Specific topic of inquiry.

서울에 대한 정보를 찾고 있어요.

I am looking for information about Seoul.

Attributive form modifying 'information'.

새 친구에 대해 많이 알아요.

I know a lot about my new friend.

Knowing facts about a person.

환경 보호에 대하여 토론해 봅시다.

Let's debate about environmental protection.

Formal discussion topic.

성공에 대한 기준은 사람마다 다릅니다.

The criteria for success differ for each person.

Abstract noun modified by '대한'.

그 사건에 대해 자세히 말해 주세요.

Please tell me in detail about that incident.

Requesting detailed information.

미래에 대해 걱정하는 학생들이 많아요.

There are many students who worry about the future.

Topic of worry/anxiety.

이 정책에 대한 찬성과 반대 의견이 있어요.

There are opinions for and against this policy.

Modifying a pair of nouns.

한국 역사에 대하여 깊이 공부하고 싶어요.

I want to study deeply about Korean history.

Adverb '깊이' used with the phrase.

외국어 학습에 대한 팁을 공유해 주세요.

Please share tips about learning foreign languages.

Modifying 'tips'.

그 문제에 대해서는 나중에 다시 얘기해요.

As for that problem, let's talk again later.

Contrastive particle '는' added for emphasis.

정부는 새로운 경제 정책에 대하여 발표했습니다.

The government announced regarding the new economic policy.

Formal news/government register.

인간의 본성에 대한 철학적 고찰이 필요합니다.

Philosophical consideration regarding human nature is needed.

Academic and abstract usage.

이 제품의 안전성에 대하여 조사 중입니다.

We are investigating the safety of this product.

Professional investigation context.

그 이론에 대한 비판적인 시각이 존재합니다.

Critical perspectives regarding that theory exist.

Academic criticism.

우리는 서비스 개선에 대하여 논의를 마쳤습니다.

We have finished the discussion about service improvement.

Formal business completion.

그의 업적에 대한 평가는 엇갈리고 있습니다.

Evaluations regarding his achievements are mixed.

Complex noun phrase '에 대한 평가'.

예술의 사회적 역할에 대하여 고민해 봅시다.

Let's ponder about the social role of art.

Reflective and formal.

지원 동기에 대하여 구체적으로 서술하십시오.

Please describe your motivation for applying specifically.

Instructional formal writing.

현대 사회의 소외 현상에 대하여 심도 있게 분석한다.

This analyzes the phenomenon of alienation in modern society in depth.

Advanced academic thesis style.

기존 학설에 대한 반론이 제기되고 있는 상황이다.

Counterarguments regarding existing theories are being raised.

Passive construction with '제기되다'.

자유의 본질에 대하여 형이상학적으로 접근해 보자.

Let's approach the essence of freedom metaphysically.

High-level philosophical discourse.

해당 사안에 대한 법적 검토가 진행되고 있습니다.

A legal review regarding the matter in question is underway.

Legal and administrative register.

전통의 현대적 계승에 대하여 다각도로 조명했다.

It shed light on the modern succession of tradition from various angles.

Metaphorical usage of '조명하다' (to light/highlight).

인공지능의 윤리적 책임에 대한 논의가 시급하다.

Discussions regarding the ethical responsibility of AI are urgent.

Topical and complex subject matter.

그의 문학 세계에 대한 독창적인 해석을 내놓았다.

They presented an original interpretation regarding his literary world.

Literary criticism context.

우주의 기원에 대하여 인류는 끊임없이 탐구해 왔다.

Humanity has constantly explored the origins of the universe.

Broad historical/scientific scope.

존재의 유한성에 대하여 실존주의적 고뇌를 토로하다.

To express existential angst regarding the finiteness of being.

Extremely high-level vocabulary.

권력의 속성에 대한 통찰력 있는 분석을 제공한다.

It provides an insightful analysis regarding the nature of power.

Political science/Philosophy context.

언어와 사고의 관계에 대하여 언어학적 논쟁이 치열하다.

Linguistic debates regarding the relationship between language and thought are fierce.

Specific academic field discourse.

역사의 필연성에 대한 변증법적 접근을 시도한다.

It attempts a dialectical approach regarding the necessity of history.

Complex theoretical framework.

미의 기준에 대한 주관성과 객관성의 대립을 다룬다.

It deals with the conflict between subjectivity and objectivity regarding standards of beauty.

Aesthetics and high-level logic.

국가 주권에 대한 국제법적 해석이 충돌하고 있다.

International legal interpretations regarding state sovereignty are clashing.

Diplomatic and legal precision.

자아의 정체성에 대하여 심리학적 담론을 형성하다.

To form a psychological discourse regarding the identity of the self.

Sophisticated social science terminology.

기술 문명의 진보에 대한 회의적 시각이 대두되었다.

A skeptical perspective regarding the progress of technological civilization has emerged.

Societal critique register.

ترکیب‌های رایج

~에 대하여 이야기하다

~에 대하여 생각하다

~에 대하여 조사하다

~에 대하여 질문하다

~에 대하여 알다

~에 대하여 쓰다

~에 대하여 토론하다

~에 대하여 배우다

~에 대하여 걱정하다

~에 대하여 설명하다

عبارات رایج

자신에 대하여

— About oneself. Used often in introductions or self-reflection.

자신에 대하여 얼마나 알고 있나요?

그 문제에 대하여

— Regarding that problem. A standard way to open a discussion about an issue.

그 문제에 대하여 대책을 세워야 합니다.

서로에 대하여

— About each other. Used to describe relationships or mutual understanding.

우리는 서로에 대하여 더 알아야 해요.

미래에 대하여

— About the future. Common in planning or philosophical talks.

미래에 대하여 불안함을 느낄 수 있습니다.

성공에 대하여

— About success. Often found in motivational contexts.

성공에 대하여 사람들은 다르게 정의합니다.

사랑에 대하여

— About love. A classic theme for songs, poems, and movies.

사랑에 대하여 노래하는 것은 아름답습니다.

현실에 대하여

— About reality. Used when discussing practical matters.

현실에 대하여 냉정하게 판단해야 합니다.

역사에 대하여

— About history. Used in educational or nationalistic contexts.

역사에 대하여 배우는 것은 중요합니다.

진실에 대하여

— About the truth. Common in legal or dramatic situations.

진실에 대하여 말할 준비가 되었나요?

이유에 대하여

— About the reason. Used when seeking explanations.

그가 떠난 이유에 대하여 궁금합니다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

~대하여 vs ~에 의하여

Means 'due to' or 'by means of'. Only one vowel difference, but totally different meaning.

~대하여 vs ~에 비하여

Means 'compared to'. Used for comparisons, not for introducing a topic.

~대하여 vs ~을/를 대하다

The verb form meaning 'to treat' or 'to face'. '~에 대하여' is a fixed particle usage.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"입에 대하여"

— This is not a standard idiom, but '입에 대다' means to taste or touch with the mouth. Be careful not to confuse it with '~에 대하여'.

술을 입에 대지도 않아요.

Neutral

"눈에 대하여"

— Literally 'about eyes', but '눈에 대고' can mean looking right at something.

현미경을 눈에 대고 관찰했다.

Neutral

"손에 대하여"

— Not an idiom, but '손을 대다' means to touch or start a project.

이 일에 손을 대지 마세요.

Neutral

"귀에 대하여"

— Not an idiom, but '귀를 대다' means to listen closely (put an ear to).

문에 귀를 대고 소리를 들었다.

Neutral

"무엇에 대하여 말할 것도 없다"

— Goes without saying. Used to emphasize that something is obvious.

그의 실력에 대하여 말할 것도 없다.

Formal

"자신에 대하여 엄격하다"

— To be strict with oneself.

그는 자신에 대하여 매우 엄격한 사람이다.

Neutral

"남에 대하여 함부로 말하다"

— To speak carelessly about others.

남에 대하여 함부로 말하는 것은 좋지 않다.

Neutral

"과거에 대하여 묻지 마라"

— Don't ask about the past. A common dramatic trope.

제 과거에 대하여 묻지 말아 주세요.

Neutral

"실패에 대하여 두려워 마라"

— Don't be afraid of failure. A common motivational phrase.

실패에 대하여 두려워하지 않는 용기가 필요하다.

Neutral

"본질에 대하여 꿰뚫다"

— To see through to the essence of something.

그는 문제의 본질에 대하여 꿰뚫어 보았다.

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

~대하여 vs ~에 관하여

Both mean 'about'.

~에 관하여 is more formal and used for broader subjects. ~에 대하여 is more common and can be used for specific or personal topics.

법에 관하여 (Regarding law) vs. 너에 대하여 (About you).

~대하여 vs ~에 대해서

It looks almost identical.

Adding '서' makes it more natural for spoken Korean and can imply 'based on the topic'.

그 일에 대해서 말해 봐.

~대하여 vs ~에 대한

Learners use '~에 대하여' before nouns.

~에 대한 is an adjective (modifies nouns). ~에 대하여 is an adverb (modifies verbs).

한국에 대한 책 (Book about Korea).

~대하여 vs ~에 의거하여

Formal sounding 'about'.

Means 'based on' or 'according to' (e.g., laws/rules). Much stricter than '~에 대하여'.

원칙에 의거하여 처리하다.

~대하여 vs ~쯤

English 'about' covers both.

~쯤 is for time/quantity (approximately). ~에 대하여 is for subject matter (concerning).

3시쯤 (About 3:00) vs. 시간에 대하여 (About time).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Noun]에 대하여 말해요.

가족에 대하여 말해요.

[Noun]에 대하여 설명해 주세요.

취미에 대하여 설명해 주세요.

[Noun]에 대한 [Noun]이/가 있어요.

그 문제에 대한 질문이 있어요.

[Noun]에 대하여 토론합시다.

환경 정책에 대하여 토론합시다.

[Noun]에 대하여 심도 있게 분석하다.

경제 위기에 대하여 심도 있게 분석하다.

[Noun]의 본질에 대하여 고찰하다.

인간의 본질에 대하여 고찰하다.

All

무엇에 대하여 [Verb]?

무엇에 대하여 생각해요?

All

[Noun]에 대해서는 [Opinion].

그 점에 대해서는 찬성합니다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

대화 (Conversation)

대상 (Object/Target)

대책 (Countermeasure)

대응 (Response)

فعل‌ها

대하다 (To face/treat)

대처하다 (To cope with)

대립하다 (To oppose)

대비하다 (To prepare/contrast)

صفت‌ها

대단하다 (Great/Huge - unrelated root but similar sound)

대칭적 (Symmetrical)

مرتبط

관하여 (Regarding)

의하여 (Due to)

비하여 (Compared to)

위하여 (For the sake of)

더하여 (In addition to)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in both written and spoken Korean.

اشتباهات رایج

한국 대하여 공부해요. → 한국에 대하여 공부해요.
You must include the particle '에' before '대하여'.
한국에 대하여 책. → 한국에 대한 책.
Use '대한' when modifying a noun.
5시 에 대하여 만나요. → 5시쯤 만나요.
'~에 대하여' cannot be used for approximate time.
이 문제 대하여 질문해요. → 이 문제에 대하여 질문해요.
Missing the required '에' particle.
그 사람에 의하여 말해요. → 그 사람에 대하여 말해요.
Confusing '의하여' (by) with '대하여' (about).

نکات

The Noun-Modifier Rule

Always check what follows the phrase. If it's a noun, use '대한'. If it's a verb, use '대하여'. This is the golden rule for this expression.

Natural Shortening

In fast conversation, '에 대해' is your best friend. It sounds much more natural than the full '에 대하여', which can sound a bit like a textbook.

Academic Tone

If you are writing a formal report, use '~에 대하여' or '~에 관하여' to give your writing an objective and scholarly feel.

Don't Confuse with '의하여'

Remember: '대' (Dae) for 'About', '의' (Ui) for 'By'. Mixing these up is a common intermediate learner mistake.

Topic Marker Clues

When you hear '~에 대해서는', get ready for the speaker to emphasize or contrast the topic. The '는' is a big clue.

Topic Selection

Only use this for subject matter. Don't use it for 'around' (location) or 'approximately' (numbers).

Face the Subject

Think of '대하다' as 'facing'. You are facing the topic you are talking about. This explains why '에' is needed.

TOPIK Writing

Using '~에 대한' to create complex subjects is a great way to earn points in the TOPIK writing section.

Subjectivity

'~에 대하여' is more common for personal opinions than '~에 관하여', which is very detached and formal.

Pattern Recognition

Look for this phrase in news headlines. It's the most common way to introduce the day's topics.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'DAE' as 'Direct Attention Entrusted'. You are entrusting your direct attention to the noun before it.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person standing face-to-face (대) with a giant book or a topic. They are looking directly 'at' (에) the subject.

شبکه واژگان

대하다 (Root) 에 (Particle) 주제 (Topic) 내용 (Content) 말하다 (Speak) 대한 (Adjective) 대해 (Short) 관하여 (Synonym)

چالش

Try to write three sentences today using '~에 대하여' with three different verbs: talk, think, and study. Then, change them to the shortened '에 대해' and see how they feel.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Middle Korean verb '대ᄒᆞ다', which is the ancestor of the modern '대하다'. It is composed of the Hanja '對' (duì) meaning 'opposite' or 'to face'.

معنای اصلی: To face someone or something directly; to stand opposite to an object.

Koreanic (Sino-Korean root).

بافت فرهنگی

There are no major sensitivities, but using '~에 대하여' when talking about a superior (like a boss) is better than using casual markers, as it sounds more respectful and considered.

English speakers often over-translate 'about' to '~에 대하여'. In English, 'about' is used for many things (time, location, topics). In Korean, '~에 대하여' is strictly for topics.

'사랑에 대하여' (About Love) - A common title for essays and songs in Korea. '나에 대하여' (About Me) - The standard title for self-introduction essays in schools. '그것에 대하여 알고 싶다' (I want to know about that) - A phrase similar to the title of a famous investigative journalism program '그것이 알고 싶다'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Education

역사에 대하여 배우다
과학에 대하여 질문하다
수학에 대한 문제
시험에 대하여 공부하다

Business

계획에 대하여 보고하다
일정에 대하여 논의하다
계약에 대한 조건
회사에 대하여 설명하다

Relationships

서로에 대하여 알다
친구에 대하여 말하다
사랑에 대하여 생각하다
결혼에 대한 생각

News/Media

사건에 대하여 보도하다
정치에 대하여 토론하다
경제에 대한 전망
날씨에 대하여 알아보다

Self-Reflection

자신에 대하여 쓰다
꿈에 대하여 고민하다
인생에 대한 목표
성격에 대하여 말하다

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"한국 문화에 대하여 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think about Korean culture?)"

"요즘 가장 큰 고민에 대하여 말해 줄 수 있어요? (Can you tell me about your biggest worry lately?)"

"이 책의 내용에 대하여 어떻게 생각해요? (What do you think about the content of this book?)"

"미래의 기술에 대하여 토론해 볼까요? (Shall we discuss the technology of the future?)"

"본인의 장점에 대하여 설명해 주세요. (Please explain about your strengths.)"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 내가 배운 새로운 사실에 대하여 써 보세요. (Write about a new fact you learned today.)

내가 가장 좋아하는 영화에 대하여 자세히 설명해 보세요. (Explain in detail about your favorite movie.)

10년 후의 내 모습에 대하여 상상하며 써 보세요. (Write while imagining about yourself 10 years from now.)

행복에 대한 나의 정의는 무엇인지 써 보세요. (Write about what your definition of happiness is.)

환경 오염에 대하여 내가 할 수 있는 일들을 적어 보세요. (Write down things you can do about environmental pollution.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No. In English, 'about' can mean 'around 5 o'clock', but in Korean, '~에 대하여' only means 'concerning a topic'. Use '~쯤' or '~정도' for approximations.

They are almost identical. '~에 대해서' is slightly more complete and common in speech. The '서' implies a sequence or a basis, but in most cases, they are interchangeable.

Use '~에 대한' when it comes directly before a noun that it is describing (e.g., 'a book about art'). Use '~에 대하여' when it is followed by a verb (e.g., 'talk about art').

Yes, '~에 관하여' sounds slightly more professional and academic. However, '~에 대하여' is perfectly acceptable in most essays as well.

Because '대하여' comes from the verb '대하다' (to face), and in Korean, you face 'at' or 'to' (에) something. Without '에', the sentence is grammatically incomplete.

Yes. '그 사람에 대하여' means 'about that person'. It is common in interviews or when discussing someone's character.

It might sound a bit stiff. In texting, most Koreans would just use the object marker '~을/를' or the short form '~에 대해'.

Verbs of communication (말하다, 쓰다, 설명하다) and cognition (생각하다, 알다, 조사하다, 공부하다) are the most common.

No, it must be followed by a verb or a noun (in the form '대한'). You cannot end a sentence with '대하여'.

You can say '이게 무엇에 대한 것이에요?' or '무엇에 대해 이야기하고 있어요?' depending on the context.

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