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B2 noun #1,800 پرکاربردترین 12 دقیقه مطالعه

논의

nonui رتبه 1,800

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 논의 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 논의 in your Level:

At the A1 beginner level, the word '논의' (discussion) is generally considered too advanced and formal for active production, as beginners are primarily focused on basic survival vocabulary, simple greetings, and everyday objects. However, it is entirely possible for an A1 learner to encounter this word passively, especially if they are living in Korea, working in a Korean company, or watching Korean television dramas. When an A1 learner hears '논의', they should simply recognize it as a formal word that means 'talking about something important'. They do not need to worry about the complex grammatical structures or the subtle differences between '논의' and other similar words like '토론' or '회의'. The main goal at this stage is mere recognition. For example, if a boss says '논의합시다' (Let's discuss), the A1 learner should understand that a serious conversation is about to happen, even if they cannot participate fully in the discussion itself. Teachers might introduce this word briefly when explaining office vocabulary, but they will usually encourage students to use simpler words like '이야기하다' (to talk) for their own speaking and writing practice. To build a foundation, an A1 learner can just memorize the sound [노늬] and associate it with the image of people sitting around a meeting table. This passive recognition will serve as a valuable stepping stone when they progress to higher levels and begin to use the word actively in their own sentences.

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As learners progress to the A2 elementary level, their vocabulary expands to include more words related to daily routines, basic work environments, and simple social interactions. While '논의' remains a relatively formal term, A2 learners can begin to understand its basic application in simple, straightforward sentences. At this stage, the focus shifts from mere passive recognition to understanding how the word functions as a noun and a basic verb with '하다'. An A2 learner should be able to comprehend sentences like '우리는 내일 논의를 할 거예요' (We will have a discussion tomorrow) or '논의가 끝났어요' (The discussion has ended). They should also start to recognize that '논의' is not used for casual chats with friends, but rather for more structured conversations, perhaps with a teacher, a manager, or a group working on a small project. While they might still rely heavily on '이야기하다' in their own speech, they can begin to sprinkle in '논의하다' when they want to sound a bit more serious or polite. For instance, if an A2 student needs to talk to their professor about a grade, they might say '선생님, 논의할 것이 있습니다' (Teacher, I have something to discuss). This shows a growing awareness of register and formality, which is a crucial skill in Korean. Teachers at this level will encourage students to practice using '논의' in simple role-play scenarios, such as scheduling a meeting or deciding on a topic for a group presentation, helping them build confidence in using formal vocabulary in safe, controlled environments.

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Reaching the B1 intermediate level marks a significant turning point in a learner's ability to navigate the Korean language, and it is here that '논의' becomes a highly relevant and actively used vocabulary word. At B1, learners are expected to express their opinions, explain their plans, and participate in conversations on familiar topics, including work, school, and current events. Consequently, they need the vocabulary to describe the process of exchanging ideas. B1 learners should be comfortable using the pattern 'A에 대해 논의하다' (to discuss about A), which is the most common and essential structure for this word. They should be able to construct sentences like '우리 팀은 새로운 프로젝트에 대해 논의했습니다' (Our team discussed the new project). Furthermore, they should start to understand the difference between '논의' (a collaborative discussion to solve a problem) and '회의' (the meeting itself). A B1 learner knows that you go to a '회의' in order to have a '논의'. They will also begin to encounter the passive form '논의되다' in simple news articles or formal announcements, understanding that it means 'to be discussed'. This is also the stage where learners should actively stop using '논의' for casual situations, fully grasping the register mismatch. By incorporating '논의' into their writing and speaking, B1 learners can significantly elevate the maturity and professionalism of their Korean, allowing them to communicate more effectively in academic and professional settings where simple words like '이야기' are no longer sufficient.

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The B2 upper-intermediate level is the core target level for the word '논의'. At this stage, learners are expected to have a firm command of formal and professional Korean, and '논의' is an indispensable tool in their linguistic arsenal. A B2 learner not only uses '논의하다' correctly but also masters its various collocations, compound forms, and nuanced grammatical structures. They comfortably use phrases like '심도 있는 논의' (in-depth discussion), '활발한 논의' (active discussion), and '논의를 거치다' (to go through a discussion). They are fully capable of participating in a Korean business meeting, understanding when the chairperson says '다음 안건에 대한 논의를 시작하겠습니다' (We will begin the discussion on the next agenda item). Moreover, B2 learners are adept at using the passive voice '논의되다' in their own formal writing, such as essays or reports, to maintain an objective and academic tone. For example, they can write '이 문제는 사회적으로 중요하게 논의되어야 한다' (This issue must be discussed importantly at a societal level). They also clearly distinguish '논의' from its close synonyms like '토론' (debate) and '협의' (consultation), choosing the exact right word for the specific context. At the B2 level, '논의' is no longer just a vocabulary word to be memorized; it is a functional concept that the learner uses to navigate complex social, academic, and professional interactions in Korean, demonstrating a high level of cultural and linguistic fluency.

At the C1 advanced level, the use of '논의' becomes highly sophisticated, nuanced, and deeply integrated into complex sentence structures. C1 learners possess a near-native intuition for the word's register and collocations. They encounter and produce '논의' in highly specialized contexts, such as academic research papers, legal documents, and high-level corporate strategy documents. At this level, learners are not just saying that a discussion happened; they are analyzing the quality, direction, and implications of the discussion. They use advanced vocabulary in conjunction with '논의', such as '논의를 촉발하다' (to trigger a discussion), '논의를 수렴하다' (to converge/gather discussions), or '논의가 공전하다' (for a discussion to go nowhere/spin its wheels). A C1 learner can effortlessly comprehend a complex news anchor stating, '여야 간의 핵심 쟁점에 대한 논의가 평행선을 달리고 있습니다' (Discussions on the core issues between the ruling and opposition parties are running on parallel lines [making no progress]). Furthermore, they use '논의' as a conceptual noun in academic writing, such as '본 연구는 기존의 논의를 확장하여...' (This study expands upon existing discussions...). They understand the subtle rhetorical power of the word and can use it to frame arguments, propose solutions, and critique policies. The C1 learner's mastery of '논의' reflects their broader ability to engage with the Korean language at its most intellectual and formal levels, communicating with precision, authority, and elegance.

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For a C2 proficient learner, '논의' is utilized with absolute mastery, indistinguishable from an educated native speaker. At this pinnacle of language acquisition, the learner manipulates the word within the most intricate and abstract discourses, encompassing philosophy, advanced socio-political theory, and complex literary analysis. A C2 user understands the historical and cultural weight of the Hanja roots (論議) and can employ the term in highly stylized or rhetorical ways. They are capable of critiquing the very nature of a discussion, using phrases like '소모적인 논의' (consumptive/wasteful discussion) or '본질을 호도하는 논의' (a discussion that misleads the essence). They can seamlessly integrate '논의' into convoluted, multi-clause sentences without losing grammatical coherence or semantic precision. For instance, a C2 learner might write or say, '해당 사안의 기저에 깔린 구조적 모순을 타개하기 위해서는, 표면적인 현상에 대한 단편적인 논의를 지양하고, 다각적이고 통시적인 관점에서의 심층적인 논의가 수반되어야 할 것이다' (In order to overcome the structural contradictions underlying this issue, we must avoid fragmented discussions on superficial phenomena and ensure that in-depth discussions from a multifaceted and diachronic perspective are accompanied). At the C2 level, the word '논의' is a fundamental building block of sophisticated thought and persuasion, allowing the user to navigate and contribute to the highest echelons of Korean intellectual and professional life with complete confidence and absolute linguistic authority.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

논의 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Means 'discussion' or 'debate'.
Used in formal or professional settings.
Often combined with '하다' to mean 'to discuss'.
Implies a goal of reaching a conclusion.

The Korean noun 논의 (non-ui) is a sophisticated and highly versatile vocabulary word that translates primarily to 'discussion', 'debate', or 'consultation' in English. It is a crucial term for learners at the B2 level, as it frequently appears in formal, academic, corporate, and socio-political environments. When we delve into the intricate semantic layers of this vocabulary item, we uncover a rich tapestry of meaning that extends far beyond the simple English translation. In Korean culture, which places a strong emphasis on harmony, consensus, and collective decision-making, the act of '논의' is not merely about talking; it is a structured, purposeful, and often consequential exchange of ideas, perspectives, and arguments among multiple participants who are collectively striving to reach a consensus, formulate a policy, or resolve a complex issue.

Hanja Roots: The word is composed of two Hanja characters: 論 (논 - to discuss, debate, or discourse) and 議 (의 - to consult, deliberate, or discuss). Together, they emphasize a formal and logical exchange of thoughts.

Understanding the etymology helps learners grasp why this word is rarely used for casual chats about the weather or weekend plans. Instead, it is reserved for matters of importance that require careful consideration and input from various stakeholders.

이 문제에 대해 깊은 논의가 필요합니다.

This sentence exemplifies the typical context: a problem exists, and a deep, meaningful discussion is required to address it. Furthermore, the term implies a level of equality or mutual respect among the participants, even if there is a hierarchy present, because the goal is to gather diverse viewpoints before a final decision is made by the authority figure.

Nuance: Unlike '수다' (chatting), which is purely for social bonding, '논의' is heavily task-oriented and objective-driven.

In a business setting, a meeting (회의) will often consist of several different discussions (논의) on various agenda items.

다음 안건에 대한 논의를 시작하겠습니다.

It is also important to note that '논의' can be used as a noun on its own, or it can be combined with the verb '하다' (to do) to form the action verb '논의하다' (to discuss).

우리는 그 계획을 논의했습니다.

When used in the passive form, '논의되다', it translates to 'to be discussed', which is extremely common in news reports and academic papers where the focus is on the topic rather than the people discussing it.

Passive Usage: The passive form '논의되다' is highly preferred in objective writing to maintain a neutral and professional tone.

새로운 정책이 국회에서 활발히 논의되고 있습니다.

To truly master this word, one must appreciate its weight and gravity. It is not a word you use when deciding what to eat for lunch with friends, unless you are using it humorously to exaggerate the importance of the decision.

전문가들 사이에서 활발한 논의가 이루어졌다.

In conclusion, '논의' is a foundational pillar of formal Korean communication, encapsulating the intellectual and collaborative effort required to navigate complex issues in a professional or academic landscape. Its proper usage instantly elevates the speaker's language to a more sophisticated and mature level, making it an indispensable tool for any serious learner of the Korean language.

Mastering the usage of '논의' requires a deep understanding of its grammatical behavior, common collocations, and the specific contexts in which it thrives. As a noun, '논의' functions seamlessly within various sentence structures, often acting as the subject, object, or topic of a sentence. When it serves as the subject, it is typically followed by the subject markers 이/가 or the topic markers 은/는. For instance, you might say '논의가 길어졌다' (The discussion became lengthy) or '논의는 내일 계속될 것이다' (The discussion will continue tomorrow).

Subject Usage: When '논의' is the subject, it often pairs with verbs describing its state, duration, or outcome, such as 길어지다 (to lengthen), 끝나다 (to end), or 시작되다 (to begin).

예상보다 논의가 일찍 끝났습니다.

When functioning as an object, it takes the object marker 를/을, as in '논의를 시작합시다' (Let's start the discussion). However, the most powerful and frequent way to use '논의' is by transforming it into a verb using the suffix '하다' (to do), creating '논의하다'.

Verb Transformation: Adding '하다' turns the noun into an active verb, allowing you to specify who is discussing what. The topic of discussion is usually marked with '에 대해(서)' or '에 관해(서)'.

우리는 예산 삭감 문제에 대해 논의했습니다.

Another critical grammatical form is the passive voice, '논의되다' (to be discussed). In formal Korean, especially in news reporting, academic writing, and official documents, the passive voice is heavily favored because it places the emphasis on the issue itself rather than the individuals discussing it.

이 법안은 현재 국회에서 논의되고 있습니다.

You will also frequently encounter '논의' combined with other nouns to form compound words or set phrases. For example, '논의 대상' (subject of discussion), '논의 과정' (process of discussion), and '논의 결과' (result of the discussion).

Compound Nouns: Using '논의' as a modifier for another noun is a great way to sound more fluent and professional in business contexts.

그것은 이번 회의의 주요 논의 대상이 아닙니다.

Furthermore, there are specific verbs that naturally collocate with '논의' when it is used as a noun. '논의를 거치다' means to go through a discussion or to be subjected to discussion, implying a formal process. '논의를 모으다' means to gather opinions or consolidate a discussion.

충분한 논의를 거친 후에 결정하겠습니다.

By integrating these various structures, markers, and collocations into your active vocabulary, you will be able to articulate complex thoughts, participate effectively in professional meetings, and comprehend high-level Korean texts with much greater ease and confidence.

The word '논의' is ubiquitous in environments where formal communication, strategic planning, and intellectual exchange are paramount. As a learner, identifying the contexts where this word naturally occurs will significantly enhance your listening comprehension and cultural fluency. One of the most prominent arenas where '논의' is constantly employed is the corporate world. In business meetings, strategy sessions, and boardroom negotiations, professionals use this term to describe the process of analyzing market trends, resolving operational issues, or planning future projects.

Corporate Settings: In offices, '논의' is the standard term for any structured conversation aimed at making a business decision or solving a company problem.

마케팅 팀과 새로운 캠페인에 대해 논의할 예정입니다.

Another major domain is politics and government. If you watch Korean news broadcasts or read newspapers, you will encounter '논의' almost daily. It is used to describe the deliberations of lawmakers in the National Assembly, diplomatic talks between nations, and the internal policy discussions of government agencies.

News and Politics: Journalists frequently use the passive form '논의되다' to report on political agendas, legislative bills, and international summits.

여야 대표가 만나 선거법 개정을 논의했습니다.

The academic sphere is yet another environment where '논의' is deeply entrenched. In university seminars, research papers, and academic conferences, scholars and students use the term to refer to the critical examination of theories, data, and literature. In a thesis or dissertation, there is often a specific section dedicated to the 'discussion' of the findings, which is literally translated and referred to as the '논의' section.

이 논문은 현대 사회의 불평등 문제에 대한 이론적 논의를 제공합니다.

Academic Contexts: In academia, '논의' implies a rigorous, logical, and evidence-based debate rather than just sharing personal opinions.

교수님과 연구 방향에 대해 심도 있는 논의를 나누었습니다.

Beyond these highly formal settings, you might also hear '논의' in civic organizations, community board meetings, or even within a family when discussing a very serious matter, such as inheritance, buying a house, or making a major life transition. However, its use in everyday, casual family life is relatively rare compared to its dominance in professional and public spheres.

의료진은 환자의 치료 방법에 대해 긴급 논의를 가졌습니다.

Recognizing these contexts helps you understand the register and tone of the word, ensuring you deploy it appropriately when you find yourself in similar situations in Korea.

Even advanced learners of Korean frequently stumble when using '논의' due to its subtle semantic overlaps with other words and its specific grammatical requirements. One of the most prevalent mistakes is confusing '논의' with '수다' (chatting) or '이야기' (conversation/story). While all three involve talking, their purposes and tones are drastically different. Using '논의' to describe a casual catch-up with a friend over coffee sounds incredibly unnatural and overly formal, almost comical to a native speaker.

Register Mismatch: Applying '논의' to trivial, everyday topics is a classic register error. It should be reserved for serious, goal-oriented discussions.

Incorrect: 어제 친구와 영화에 대해 논의했어요. (Use 이야기했어요 instead)

Another common grammatical error involves the incorrect use of particles when specifying the topic of discussion. Learners often directly translate the English phrase 'discuss about' and mistakenly use the object marker '를/을' directly attached to the topic, followed by '논의하다'. While '문제를 논의하다' (discuss the problem) is grammatically acceptable and commonly used, a more precise and natural way to express 'discussing ABOUT a topic' is to use the compound particle '에 대해(서)' or '에 관해(서)'.

Particle Errors: Failing to use '에 대해' when the sentence structure requires it can make the sentence sound clunky or ambiguous.

Better: 그 문제에 대해 논의합시다. (Instead of just 그 문제를 논의합시다)

Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse '논의' with '토론' (debate). While both involve formal speaking, '토론' implies a structured argument where opposing sides present their cases, often with a winner and a loser, or a strict pro/con format. '논의', on the other hand, is more collaborative; it is a consultation aimed at finding a solution or reaching a mutual understanding, without necessarily having adversarial sides.

Semantic Confusion: Using '논의' when you mean a fierce, competitive debate ('토론') misrepresents the nature of the interaction.

대통령 후보들의 논의가 TV로 방송되었다. (Incorrect context if it's a competitive debate; use 토론)

Lastly, a subtle mistake is using '논의' with inappropriate verbs. For example, saying '논의를 만들다' (to make a discussion) is incorrect. The natural collocations are '논의를 하다' (to do a discussion), '논의를 거치다' (to go through a discussion), or '논의가 이루어지다' (for a discussion to be accomplished/take place).

그들 사이에서 합의를 위한 논의가 이루어졌다.

우리는 긴 논의 끝에 결론을 내렸습니다.

By being mindful of these common pitfalls—register mismatch, particle errors, semantic confusion with similar words, and unnatural verb pairings—you can significantly refine your Korean proficiency and communicate with the precision expected at the B2 level and beyond.

The Korean language is incredibly rich in vocabulary related to speaking, meeting, and exchanging ideas, which can make it challenging to choose the exact right word. '논의' exists within a cluster of similar terms, each carrying its own distinct nuance, level of formality, and specific use case. Understanding these distinctions is a hallmark of advanced fluency. The most closely related word is '토의' (to-ui). Both '논의' and '토의' translate to 'discussion', and in many contexts, they are virtually interchangeable. However, '토의' often carries a slightly stronger implication of a group of people gathering specifically to study a subject or solve a problem, often in an educational or highly structured setting.

토의 (Discussion/Study): Often used in academic or workshop settings where participants collaboratively explore a topic to reach a shared understanding.

학생들은 그룹으로 나뉘어 토의를 진행했다.

Another highly similar word is '토론' (to-ron), which translates to 'debate'. As mentioned in the common mistakes section, '토론' is adversarial and structured. It involves presenting arguments for and against a specific proposition, often with strict rules, time limits, and sometimes a judging panel or an audience that decides the winner.

토론 (Debate): Used for formal debates, such as political debates or debate competitions, where there are clear opposing sides.

찬반 양론이 팽팽하게 맞서는 토론이 벌어졌다.

Then there is '협의' (hyeob-ui), which translates to 'consultation' or 'negotiation'. '협의' is heavily used in business and legal contexts where two or more parties must come to a formal agreement or compromise. It implies that there are differing interests at stake, and the discussion is aimed at finding a middle ground that is acceptable to all involved.

협의 (Consultation/Negotiation): Focuses on reaching a practical agreement or compromise between parties with potentially differing interests.

노사 간의 임금 인상 협의가 타결되었다.

We must also consider '회의' (hoe-ui), which simply means 'meeting'. A '회의' is the event or the gathering itself, whereas '논의' is the action that takes place *during* the meeting. You hold a meeting (회의를 하다) in order to have discussions (논의를 하다) about various agenda items.

오늘 오후 3시에 부서 회의가 있습니다.

Finally, '의논' (ui-non) is a slightly softer, more personal form of consultation. It is often used when asking for advice or discussing a personal matter with a family member, friend, or mentor. While '논의' feels objective and public, '의논' feels subjective and private.

진로 문제에 대해 부모님과 의논해 보겠습니다.

By carefully distinguishing between 논의, 토의, 토론, 협의, 회의, and 의논, you demonstrate a profound command of Korean vocabulary and an acute awareness of social and professional contexts.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Noun + 에 대해(서) 논의하다

Verb stem + 기 위해 논의하다

Passive voice: 논의되다

Noun + 중이다 (논의 중이다)

Noun + 과정 (논의 과정)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

우리는 논의를 해요.

We have a discussion.

Noun + 를 하다 (to do)

논의가 끝났어요.

The discussion ended.

Subject marker 가 + 끝나다 (to end)

내일 논의합시다.

Let's discuss tomorrow.

Verb stem + ㅂ시다 (Let's)

이것은 중요한 논의입니다.

This is an important discussion.

Noun + 입니다 (is)

논의가 길어요.

The discussion is long.

Subject marker 가 + 길다 (to be long)

선생님과 논의해요.

I discuss with the teacher.

Noun + 과 (with)

좋은 논의였어요.

It was a good discussion.

Noun + 였어요 (past tense 'was')

논의를 시작해요.

We start the discussion.

Object marker 를 + 시작하다 (to start)

우리는 다음 주에 그 문제를 논의할 거예요.

We will discuss that problem next week.

Future tense ㄹ 거예요

회의 시간에 논의를 많이 했어요.

We had a lot of discussion during the meeting time.

Time particle 에

어떤 주제에 대해 논의하고 싶어요?

What topic do you want to discuss?

에 대해 (about) + 고 싶다 (want to)

논의가 아직 안 끝났습니다.

The discussion hasn't ended yet.

Negative adverb 안

친구들과 여행 계획을 논의했어요.

I discussed travel plans with my friends.

Object marker 을

이 문제는 나중에 다시 논의합시다.

Let's discuss this problem again later.

Adverb 다시 (again)

사장님과 직접 논의하는 것이 좋겠어요.

It would be good to discuss directly with the boss.

는 것이 좋겠다 (it would be good to)

모두 모여서 함께 논의해 봅시다.

Let's all gather and try discussing it together.

아/어 보다 (try doing)

새로운 마케팅 전략에 대해 논의할 필요가 있습니다.

There is a need to discuss the new marketing strategy.

ㄹ 필요가 있다 (need to)

그 안건은 이미 지난 회의에서 논의되었습니다.

That agenda item was already discussed in the last meeting.

Passive voice 되다 (past tense)

충분한 논의를 거친 후에 결정하도록 하겠습니다.

We will make a decision after going through sufficient discussion.

은/ㄴ 후에 (after doing)

전문가들이 모여 환경 문제의 해결 방안을 논의 중입니다.

Experts have gathered and are in the middle of discussing solutions to environmental problems.

Noun + 중이다 (in the middle of)

이번 논의의 핵심은 예산 삭감입니다.

The core of this discussion is budget cuts.

Possessive particle 의

서로의 의견을 존중하며 논의를 진행합시다.

Let's proceed with the discussion while respecting each other's opinions.

며/으며 (while doing)

논의가 길어지면 결론을 내리기 어려울 수 있습니다.

If the discussion gets too long, it might be difficult to reach a conclusion.

아/어지다 (to become) + 면 (if)

우리는 그 제안의 장단점을 자세히 논의했습니다.

We discussed the pros and cons of that proposal in detail.

Adverb 자세히 (in detail)

양국 정상은 경제 협력 증진 방안에 대해 심도 있는 논의를 나누었습니다.

The leaders of the two countries shared an in-depth discussion on ways to promote economic cooperation.

심도 있는 (in-depth) modifying noun

해당 법안은 현재 국회 상임위원회에서 활발하게 논의되고 있는 사안입니다.

The bill in question is an issue currently being actively discussed in the National Assembly's standing committee.

Passive progressive 되고 있다

다양한 이해관계자들의 의견을 수렴하기 위한 공적인 논의의 장이 마련되어야 합니다.

A public forum for discussion must be prepared to collect the opinions of various stakeholders.

기 위한 (in order to) + 아/어야 하다 (must)

본 연구는 기존의 이론적 논의를 바탕으로 새로운 가설을 제시하고자 합니다.

This study intends to propose a new hypothesis based on existing theoretical discussions.

를 바탕으로 (based on)

사내 복지 제도 개편과 관련된 논의가 직원들 사이에서 뜨거운 감자로 떠올랐습니다.

Discussions related to the reorganization of the company welfare system have emerged as a hot potato among employees.

과 관련된 (related to)

아무리 논의를 거듭해도 양측의 입장 차이가 좁혀지지 않고 있습니다.

No matter how much the discussion is repeated, the difference in positions between the two sides is not narrowing.

아무리 ~아/어도 (no matter how much)

이번 워크숍의 주된 목적은 향후 5년간의 발전 방향을 논의하는 데 있습니다.

The main purpose of this workshop lies in discussing the direction of development for the next 5 years.

는 데 있다 (lies in doing)

성급한 결론을 내리기보다는, 다각적인 측면에서 논의를 전개할 필요성이 제기되었습니다.

Rather than jumping to a hasty conclusion, the necessity of unfolding the discussion from multifaceted aspects was raised.

기보다는 (rather than doing)

인공지능의 윤리적 활용에 관한 논의는 기술 발전 속도를 따라가지 못하고 있는 실정입니다.

The reality is that discussions on the ethical use of AI are failing to keep pace with the speed of technological advancement.

는 실정이다 (the reality is that)

이러한 소모적인 논의를 지양하고, 보다 생산적이고 건설적인 대안 모색에 집중해야 할 시점입니다.

It is time to avoid such consumptive discussions and focus on seeking more productive and constructive alternatives.

아/어야 할 시점이다 (it is time to)

해당 정책의 실효성에 대한 학계의 논의가 분분한 가운데, 정부는 예정대로 시행을 강행했습니다.

Amidst divided discussions in academia regarding the effectiveness of the policy, the government pushed ahead with implementation as scheduled.

은/는 가운데 (amidst)

본질을 호도하는 지엽적인 논의에서 벗어나, 문제의 근원을 파헤치는 거시적인 접근이 요구됩니다.

A macroscopic approach that digs into the root of the problem is required, breaking away from peripheral discussions that mislead the essence.

에서 벗어나 (breaking away from)

그의 발언은 사회적 불평등 문제에 대한 새로운 논의를 촉발하는 중요한 계기가 되었습니다.

His remarks became an important catalyst triggering a new discussion on the issue of social inequality.

는 계기가 되다 (to become an opportunity/catalyst for)

노사 양측은 밤샘 논의 끝에 극적으로 잠정 합의안을 도출해 내는 데 성공했습니다.

After all-night discussions, both labor and management succeeded in dramatically deriving a tentative agreement.

끝에 (at the end of)

기후 변화 대응을 위한 국제 사회의 논의가 구속력 있는 협약으로 이어질 수 있을지 귀추가 주목됩니다.

Attention is focused on whether the international community's discussions for responding to climate change can lead to a binding agreement.

귀추가 주목되다 (attention is focused on)

단순한 찬반 논의를 넘어, 제도의 부작용을 최소화할 수 있는 구체적인 보완책이 논의되어야 마땅합니다.

Beyond simple pro-and-con discussions, specific supplementary measures that can minimize the side effects of the system must rightfully be discussed.

아/어야 마땅하다 (it is only right/proper that)

포스트 모더니즘 문학에 나타난 주체의 해체 현상에 대한 논의는 여전히 학문적 쟁점으로 남아 있다.

The discussion on the phenomenon of the deconstruction of the subject appearing in postmodern literature still remains an academic point of contention.

에 나타난 (appearing in)

이 사안을 단순히 경제적 논리로만 환원하여 논의하는 것은 사태의 다차원적 복잡성을 간과하는 처사이다.

Discussing this issue by simply reducing it only to economic logic is an act that overlooks the multidimensional complexity of the situation.

는 처사이다 (it is an act of)

당파적 이해관계에 매몰된 정쟁적 논의가 국정 운영의 발목을 잡고 있다는 비판의 목소리가 비등하고 있다.

Voices of criticism are boiling over that politically strife-ridden discussions buried in partisan interests are holding back the operation of state affairs.

비등하고 있다 (is boiling over/surging)

해당 담론은 서구 중심주의적 시각에서 탈피하여, 주변부의 목소리를 복원하려는 탈식민주의적 논의의 연장선상에 위치한다.

The discourse in question is situated on the extension of postcolonial discussions attempting to restore the voices of the periphery, breaking away from a Western-centric perspective.

의 연장선상에 위치하다 (is situated on the extension of)

인간의 자유의지와 결정론에 관한 철학적 논의는 수천 년을 이어져 왔음에도 불구하고 명확한 결론에 도달하지 못했다.

Despite the philosophical discussion on human free will and determinism having continued for thousands of years, it has not reached a clear conclusion.

음/기에도 불구하고 (despite)

현행 선거 제도의 위헌성 여부를 둘러싼 헌법재판소 내부의 치열한 법리적 논의가 예상되는 바이다.

Fierce jurisprudential discussions within the Constitutional Court surrounding whether the current electoral system is unconstitutional are anticipated.

예상되는 바이다 (it is anticipated that)

기술 결정론적 시각을 경계하고, 기술과 사회의 상호 구성적 관계에 주목하는 사회 구성주의적 논의가 설득력을 얻고 있다.

Social constructivist discussions that warn against a technological determinist perspective and pay attention to the mutually constitutive relationship between technology and society are gaining persuasive power.

설득력을 얻고 있다 (is gaining persuasive power)

이러한 미시적 수준의 논의 결과들을 종합하여 거시적 패러다임의 전환을 이끌어내는 것이 향후 연구의 과제라 할 수 있다.

Synthesizing the results of these micro-level discussions to draw out a shift in the macro paradigm can be said to be the task of future research.

라 할 수 있다 (can be said to be)

مترادف‌ها

토론 협의 상의 담론

متضادها

결론 독단

ترکیب‌های رایج

논의를 하다

논의가 되다

논의를 거치다

심도 있는 논의

활발한 논의

논의 대상

논의 과정

논의 결과

논의를 시작하다

논의를 마치다

عبارات رایج

논의 중에 있다

논의가 필요하다

논의를 모으다

논의를 이끌어내다

논의의 여지가 없다

논의를 진전시키다

논의를 촉발하다

논의를 유보하다

논의를 재개하다

논의를 마무리하다

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

논의 vs 토론 (Debate - more adversarial)

논의 vs 회의 (Meeting - the event itself)

논의 vs 수다 (Chat - casual and aimless)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"탁상공론 (armchair argument - related concept)"

"갑론을박 (arguing pro and con - related concept)"

"논의가 겉돌다"

"논의가 산으로 가다"

"논의의 장을 열다"

"논의의 도마 위에 오르다"

"논의의 물꼬를 트다"

"논의의 초점을 맞추다"

"논의를 원점으로 되돌리다"

"논의의 종지부를 찍다"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

논의 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

nuance

Implies a constructive, goal-oriented conversation rather than just sharing stories.

frequency

Extremely high in news, business, and TOPIK II exams.

colloquial use

Rarely used in highly colloquial or intimate settings unless discussing a serious life event.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '논의' for casual conversations (e.g., 주말 계획을 논의하다 -> 주말 계획을 이야기하다).
Using the object marker incorrectly (e.g., 날씨를 논의하다 -> 날씨에 대해 이야기하다).
Confusing it with '토론' when referring to a competitive debate.
Saying '논의를 만들다' instead of '논의를 하다' or '논의를 진행하다'.
Failing to use the passive '논의되다' in formal writing, making the sentence sound too subjective.

نکات

Use '에 대해'

Always remember to use '에 대해' (about) when specifying the topic. '문제를 논의하다' is okay, but '문제에 대해 논의하다' is often clearer and more natural in complex sentences.

Collocation Power

Memorize '심도 있는 논의' (in-depth discussion). Using this phrase in a TOPIK writing task or a business email will instantly make you sound like an advanced speaker.

News Clues

When listening to Korean news, if you hear '논의되고 있습니다', it means the government or organization hasn't made a final decision yet. It's an ongoing issue.

Professional Interruptions

If you need to pause a meeting to talk about something specific, say '이 부분은 따로 논의하시죠' (Let's discuss this part separately). It's very polite and professional.

Passive Voice Preference

In formal essays, prefer '논의되다' over '사람들이 논의하다'. Academic Korean favors passive structures to maintain an objective tone.

Not for Chitchat

Never use '논의' for deciding what to eat or where to go on a casual date. It will sound like you are calling a board meeting for a trivial matter.

Relax the '의'

Don't stress too much about pronouncing the exact 'ui' sound in '의'. Most Koreans say [노니] in fast, everyday speech.

회의 vs 논의

Remember the container analogy: '회의' is the meeting (the container), and '논의' is the discussion (the content inside). You have a 논의 during a 회의.

Identify the Core

In reading comprehension tests, the sentence containing '논의의 핵심은...' (The core of the discussion is...) usually contains the main idea of the passage.

Consensus Building

Understand that asking for a '논의' is a sign of respect in Korean culture. It shows you value the other person's input before making a decision.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine saying 'NO, WE need to discuss this!' (NO-WE sounds like 논의).

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

Do not use '논의' for trivial matters like choosing a lunch menu, as it sounds sarcastic or overly dramatic.

Office, Academia, Government, News

Formal/Professional

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"이 문제에 대해 어떻게 생각하시는지 논의해 볼까요?"

"오늘 회의에서 주로 논의할 안건은 무엇입니까?"

"그 부분은 아직 논의가 더 필요한 것 같습니다."

"팀장님, 잠시 논의드릴 사항이 있습니다."

"이전 논의에서 결정된 사항을 다시 확인해 봅시다."

موضوعات نگارش

최근에 친구나 동료와 심도 있게 논의한 주제는 무엇입니까?

사회적으로 더 많이 논의되어야 한다고 생각하는 문제는 무엇입니까?

당신은 논의를 할 때 주로 듣는 편입니까, 아니면 말하는 편입니까?

효과적인 논의를 위해 가장 중요한 요소는 무엇이라고 생각합니까?

의견이 다를 때 논의를 통해 문제를 해결한 경험을 적어보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Generally, no. It sounds too formal and stiff for casual friendships. If you are deciding what movie to watch, use '이야기하다' or '정하다'. However, if you and your friends are starting a business together and need to make a serious financial decision, then '논의' would be appropriate.

토론 (debate) usually involves opposing sides trying to prove their point, often with a winner and loser. 논의 (discussion) is more collaborative, where people share ideas to reach a mutual understanding or solve a problem together.

The standard pronunciation is [노늬] (non-ui). However, in modern spoken Korean, the '의' sound at the end of a word is frequently simplified to '이' [i]. Therefore, you will very often hear native speakers pronounce it as [노니]. Both are widely understood.

The most natural way to say this is '논의 중이다'. For example, '그 문제는 현재 논의 중입니다' means 'That problem is currently under discussion'. You can also use the passive form '논의되고 있다' (is being discussed).

No, '논의' is a noun. To use it as an action, you must attach the verb '하다' to make '논의하다' (to discuss), or '되다' to make '논의되다' (to be discussed).

Do not use the object marker (를/을) directly on the topic. Instead, use '에 대해(서)' or '에 관해(서)', which mean 'about' or 'regarding'. For example, '프로젝트에 대해 논의하다' (discuss about the project).

Yes, absolutely. It is a high-frequency word on the TOPIK II exam (levels 3-6). You will see it constantly in the reading and listening sections, especially in news reports, formal dialogues, and academic passages.

It means 'to go through a discussion'. It implies that a decision was not made hastily, but rather after a proper process of deliberation. For example, '충분한 논의를 거쳐 결정했습니다' (We decided after going through sufficient discussion).

No, that is an unnatural direct translation of 'make a discussion'. In Korean, you 'do' a discussion (논의를 하다), 'proceed' with a discussion (논의를 진행하다), or 'gather' a discussion (논의를 모으다).

The Hanja is 論議. 論 (논) means to discuss or discourse, and 議 (의) means to consult or deliberate. Knowing the Hanja helps you understand why the word is used in formal, logical contexts.

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