B2 Advanced Grammar 14 min read Hard

Formal Opinion: It Is Thought That (-neun geoseuro saryodoeda)

Use '-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 사료된다' to sound like a professor or news anchor when stating objective conclusions.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -neun geoseuro saryodoeda to express a formal, objective opinion or consensus about a situation.

  • Attach -neun geoseuro to the verb stem (present tense). Example: 'haneun geoseuro saryodoeda'.
  • Use this for formal writing, news reports, or academic papers. Example: 'munje-ga haegyeoldoeneun geoseuro saryodoeda'.
  • It implies a collective or expert opinion rather than a personal one. Example: 'saryodoeda' is the formal passive form of 'saryeohada'.
Verb Stem + 는 것으로 + 사료되다 (It is thought that...)

Overview

As you navigate the advanced intricacies of Korean, you will inevitably encounter grammatical structures designed for high formality and objective expression. The pattern -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다 (-(eu)n/neun/eul geoseuro saryodoeda) stands as a prime example, signifying an opinion or conclusion presented with a professional, detached air. This is not a structure you will typically use in casual conversation; rather, it is a hallmark of academic papers, news reports, official documents, and formal speeches.

At the B2 (Upper-Intermediate) CEFR level, mastering such expressions is vital for comprehending complex Korean texts and articulating sophisticated arguments in formal settings. This grammar allows you to convey that a particular belief or consideration is held generally, or by an unnamed authority, rather than being a mere personal conjecture. It elevates a simple "I think" to an authoritative "It is thought that..." or "It is considered that...."

The core of this expression, 사료되다 (saryodoeda), originates from the Hanja characters 思料 (사료), which mean "thought" or "consideration." When combined with the passive marker 되다 (doeda), it translates to "to be thought" or "to be considered." This inherent passivity is key to its objective and impersonal nuance, allowing you to present information as a reasoned deduction rather than a subjective feeling. Recognizing and appropriately utilizing -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다 is a significant step towards achieving fluency in formal Korean discourse.

How This Grammar Works

This grammatical construction functions by transforming a verbal or adjectival clause into a nominalized phrase, which then becomes the object of an objective consideration. It systematically combines three key components: nominalization with 것 (geot), the particle 으로 (eureo), and the passive verb 사료되다 (saryodoeda). Understanding each part is essential for grasping the pattern's overall meaning and impact.
Firstly, the nominalization using -(으)ㄴ/는/을/ㄹ 것 is crucial. The adnominal endings -(으)ㄴ (past/descriptive), -는 (present action), and -(으)ㄹ (future/conjecture) attach to verb or adjective stems, turning the entire preceding clause into a noun phrase. The noun 것 (geot) here acts as an abstract placeholder, effectively meaning "the fact that..." or "the situation that..." This allows the entire statement to be treated as a conceptual entity upon which the subsequent consideration is based.
For instance, 문제가 발생한다 (a problem occurs) becomes 문제가 발생하는 것 (the fact that a problem occurs).
Secondly, the particle 으로 (eureo) directly follows this nominalized clause. In this context, 으로 signifies "as," "by means of," or "on the basis of." It acts as a crucial link, indicating that the content of the nominalized clause (-(으)ㄴ/는/을/ㄹ 것) is the foundation or perspective from which the judgment or consideration (사료되다) is made. It tells the listener or reader, "based on the fact that X, it is considered Y."
Finally, 사료되다 (saryodoeda) is the declarative verb that completes the pattern. The active verb 사료하다 (saryohada) means "to think, consider, or deliberate." By adding 되다 (doeda), which is a passive auxiliary verb, 사료하다 is transformed into 사료되다 (to be thought, to be considered). This passive voice is the linguistic mechanism that removes the explicit agent of the thinking, making the statement appear objective, impersonal, and universally accepted rather than a personal subjective opinion.
Consider the example: 경제 성장이 둔화되는 것으로 사료됩니다 (It is considered that economic growth is slowing down). Here, 경제 성장이 둔화되는 것 is the fact being nominalized, 으로 links it, and 사료됩니다 expresses the objective consideration, implying a collective or reasoned thought, not just one person's feeling.

Formation Pattern

1
The formation of -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다 is highly systematic, depending on the tense of the embedded clause and whether the main verb is an action verb (동사), a descriptive verb (형용사), or a noun (명사). The general structure you will follow is: [Verb/Adjective/Noun Stem] + Adnominal Ending + 것 + 으로 사료되다/사료됩니다.
2
Remember to use the appropriate adnominal ending (-(으)ㄴ, -는, -(으)ㄹ) to correctly convey the tense of the clause before 것. The final part, 사료되다, can be used in its base form for general reference, or as 사료됩니다 for polite formal speech (합니다체) or 사료된다 for formal written contexts (해체 in a declarative sense).
3
1. Present Tense
4
This tense describes an action currently happening or a state currently existing.
5
| Part of Speech | Rule | Example (합니다체) | Romanization | Meaning |
6
| :------------- | :--------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :---------------------------- | :--------------------------------------- |
7
| Action Verb | V-는 것으로 사료되다 | 문제가 지속되는 것으로 사료됩니다. | munjega jisokdoeneun geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that the problem persists. |
8
| Descriptive Verb | Adj-(으)ㄴ 것으로 사료되다 | 상황이 심각한 것으로 사료됩니다. | sanghwangi simgakhan geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that the situation is serious. |
9
| Noun + 이다 | N-인 것으로 사료되다 | 주요 원인이 환경 오염인 것으로 사료됩니다. | juyo wonini hwan-gyeong oyeomin geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that the main cause is environmental pollution. |
10
Note for Descriptive Verbs: Unlike action verbs, descriptive verbs (adjectives) use -(으)ㄴ for the present tense when acting as adnominals. For instance, 크다 (to be big) becomes 큰 것 (the big thing/fact).
11
2. Past Tense
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This tense describes an action or state that occurred in the past.
13
| Part of Speech | Rule | Example (합니다체) | Romanization | Meaning |
14
| :------------- | :--------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :---------------------------- | :--------------------------------------- |
15
| Action Verb | V-(으)ㄴ 것으로 사료되다 | 오류가 발생한 것으로 사료됩니다. | oryuga balsaenghan geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that an error occurred. |
16
| Descriptive Verb | Adj-(았/었)던 것으로 사료되다 | 과거에는 어려웠던 것으로 사료됩니다. | gwageoeneun eoryeowotdeon geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that it was difficult in the past. |
17
| Noun + 이다 | N-이었/였던 것으로 사료되다 | 그것이 유일한 해결책이었던 것으로 사료됩니다. | geugeosi yuilhan haegyeolchaegieotdeon geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that it was the only solution. |
18
Note for Descriptive Verbs in Past Tense: -(았/었)던 것 typically implies an action or state that occurred in the past and is no longer ongoing or relevant. If the past state still influences the present, -(으)ㄴ 것 might be used for descriptive verbs, but -(았/었)던 것 provides clearer past tense indication for 사료되다.
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3. Future Tense / Conjecture
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This tense describes an action or state that is expected or predicted to occur.
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| Part of Speech | Rule | Example (합니다체) | Romanization | Meaning |
22
| :------------- | :--------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :---------------------------- | :--------------------------------------- |
23
| Action/Descriptive Verb | V/Adj-(으)ㄹ 것으로 사료되다 | 상황이 개선될 것으로 사료됩니다. | sanghwangi gaeseondoel geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that the situation will improve. |
24
| Noun + 이다 | N-일 것으로 사료되다 | 이것이 최선의 방안일 것으로 사료됩니다. | igeosi choeseonui bang-anil geoseuro saryodoemnida | It is considered that this will be the best plan. |
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Irregular Verbs/Adjectives: Remember to apply irregular conjugation rules (e.g., ㄷ irregulars like 듣다 → 들는, 들었다, 들을; ㅂ irregulars like 돕다 → 돕는, 도왔다, 도울; 르 irregulars like 모르다 → 모르는, 몰랐다, 모를) before adding the adnominal ending.

When To Use It

Using -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다 correctly hinges on recognizing highly formal contexts where objectivity and an impersonal tone are paramount. This pattern is primarily reserved for situations where you need to present an opinion, conclusion, or deduction as a widely considered or empirically supported fact, rather than a personal viewpoint.
1. Academic and Research Contexts: This is perhaps the most frequent domain for 사료되다. In theses, dissertations, research papers, and academic presentations, it lends an air of scholarly objectivity.
You will use it to state conclusions drawn from data analysis, to propose hypotheses, or to interpret findings. For example, 본 연구 결과는 새로운 치료법의 효과를 입증하는 것으로 사료됩니다. (It is considered that the results of this study prove the effectiveness of the new treatment method.) This conveys a researched, evidence-based conclusion rather than merely stating "I think it proves it."
2. News and Journalism: In news broadcasts, analytical articles, and formal journalistic reporting, 사료되다 is employed to report on perceived situations, expert opinions, or likely outcomes without attributing them directly to a single reporter. It creates a sense of authoritative detachment.
You might hear, 이번 지진으로 인한 피해는 상당할 것으로 사료됩니다. (It is considered that the damage from this earthquake will be significant.) This conveys a professional assessment, often based on initial reports or expert estimates.
3. Official Reports and Business Documents: Government reports, corporate analyses, policy briefs, and legal documents frequently utilize this structure. It provides a formal, unchallengeable tone for presenting findings, recommendations, or judgments.
For instance, in a business report, 시장 점유율 하락은 경쟁 심화에 따른 것으로 사료되며, 신속한 대응책 마련이 필요합니다. (The decline in market share is considered to be due to intensified competition, and prompt countermeasures are needed.) This statement carries weight and implies a thorough, objective evaluation.
4. Formal Speeches and Presentations: While predominantly written, you will encounter 사료되다 in highly formal, prepared speeches, especially in political, diplomatic, or academic settings. It's often part of a scripted address where every word is chosen for its precise impact and formality.
An opening remark might be, 오늘 논의될 안건은 국가의 미래에 중대한 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료됩니다. (It is considered that the agenda to be discussed today will have a significant impact on the nation's future.)
Cultural Insight: The preference for impersonal, objective expressions in these contexts reflects a broader cultural emphasis on humility, collective agreement, and deference to established facts or authoritative sources. Directly stating "I think" can sometimes be perceived as overly assertive or subjective in formal Korean discourse. 사료되다 elegantly bypasses this by presenting the thought as an objective reality.
Avoid using this pattern in casual conversations, social media posts, or emails to friends, as it would sound extremely stilted and even sarcastic.

Common Mistakes

Despite its precise usage, learners often make several common errors when attempting to use -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다. These mistakes typically stem from a misunderstanding of its strict formality, objective nuance, and specific conjugation rules.
1. Using it in Casual Conversation: This is the most prevalent and jarring mistake. 사료되다 is a very heavy, formal expression. Using it in everyday spoken Korean, even in a slightly formal situation, sounds unnatural, overly academic, or even mockingly sarcastic. Imagine saying, "It is considered that we should eat pizza for dinner" with a straight face. A native speaker would likely be perplexed or amused. Instead, use 생각해요 (saenggakaeyo, I think) or 것 같아요 (geot gatayo, it seems) for ordinary opinions.
2. Incorrect Adnominal Ending for Descriptive Verbs: A frequent error is applying the -는 ending (used for present tense action verbs) to present tense descriptive verbs (adjectives). Remember that descriptive verbs use -(으)ㄴ for their adnominal form in the present tense. For example:
  • Incorrect: 날씨가 좋는 것으로 사료됩니다. (The weather is considered to be good.)
  • Correct: 날씨가 좋은 것으로 사료됩니다. (The weather is considered to be good.)
Similarly, for 작다 (to be small), it would be 작은 것, not 작는 것.
3. Omitting 으로: The particle 으로 is essential as it signifies the basis or means by which something is considered. Removing it breaks the grammatical connection and makes the sentence incomplete or nonsensical.
  • Incorrect: 그것은 사실인 것 사료됩니다. (Missing 으로.)
  • Correct: 그것은 사실인 것으로 사료됩니다. (It is considered that it is a fact.)
4. Using 사료하다 Actively with a Subject: While 사료하다 (to think/consider) is an active verb, the pattern demands 사료되다 (to be thought/considered) for its objective, impersonal effect. Attaching a personal subject like 저는 (I) to 사료하다 in this context undermines the very purpose of the grammar.
  • Incorrect: 저는 상황이 개선될 것으로 사료합니다. (I consider that the situation will improve.) - This phrasing explicitly states you are doing the considering, which sounds less objective.
  • Correct: 상황이 개선될 것으로 사료됩니다. (It is considered that the situation will improve.) - The subject of 사료되다 is the situation itself, making the consideration objective.
5. Applying to Subjective Feelings or Tastes: This pattern is strictly for reasoned deductions, analyses, or considered opinions based on evidence, not for personal preferences or emotional states. Using it to express that a movie is interesting or food is delicious is inappropriate.
  • Incorrect: 그 영화는 정말 재미있을 것으로 사료됩니다. (It is considered that the movie will be very interesting.) - This expresses a subjective opinion as an objective fact.
  • Correct (for subjective opinion): 그 영화는 정말 재미있을 것 같아요. (I think/It seems the movie will be very interesting.)
By carefully observing these pitfalls, you can avoid common learner errors and use -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다 with greater accuracy and confidence.
Real Usage
Given its inherently formal and objective nature, -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다 primarily appears in written contexts, or in highly scripted verbal presentations where precision and impartiality are critical. When we discuss "real usage," it's important to understand this pattern as a tool for formal communication, rather than a phrase you'd casually drop into a text message or a coffee shop conversation. It is a cornerstone of impersonal argumentation in Korean, allowing the writer or speaker to convey a conclusion without injecting personal bias.
Let's examine how native speakers employ this pattern in its natural habitat:
1. Academic Research and Scholarly Articles:
In university papers, journal articles, and research abstracts, 사료되다 is used to present the conclusions derived from empirical data or theoretical analysis. It establishes the author's argument as a reasoned, objective finding.
본 연구 결과는 기존 이론의 한계를 보완할 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 사료됩니다.
(bon yeon-gu gyeolgwaneun gijon ironui hangyereul bo-wanhal su isseumeul sisahaneun geoseuro saryodoemnida.)
Translation: "The results of this study are considered to suggest that they can supplement the limitations of existing theories."
Here, the research results are the objective basis for the consideration, not merely the author's personal belief. It attributes the suggestion to the data itself, not the researcher's 'feeling'.
2. Professional Reports and Business Analyses:
In corporate reports, government white papers, or policy analyses, this grammar is used to present findings, forecasts, and strategic recommendations in a dispassionate and authoritative manner. It implies that the conclusions are the result of thorough evaluation.
최근 시장 변화는 새로운 소비 트렌드의 등장을 의미하는 것으로 사료되며, 이에 따른 전략 수정이 요구됩니다.
(choegeun sijang byeonhwaneun saeroun sobi teurendeuui deungjang-eul uimihaneun geoseuro saryodoemyeo, ie ttareun jeollyak sujeongi yogudoemnida.)
Translation: "Recent market changes are considered to signify the emergence of new consumer trends, and accordingly, strategy modification is required."
This example from a business context illustrates how 사료되다 frames the observation about market changes as an objective assessment, leading to a necessary action. It avoids language that might sound like personal speculation from an individual analyst.
3. Legal and Official Documents:
Legal judgments, official statements, and government pronouncements often leverage 사료되da to articulate decisions, interpretations, or assessments that carry significant weight and are intended to be perceived as impartial and final. It emphasizes the gravity of the conclusion.
피고인의 진술은 증거 자료와 일치하지 않는 것으로 사료되어, 추가 조사가 필요하다고 판단됩니다.
(pigoinui jinsureun jeunggeo jaryowa ilchihaji anneun geoseuro saryodoeeo, chuga josaga piryohadago pandandoemnida.)
Translation: "The defendant's statement is considered not to match the evidence, and thus further investigation is deemed necessary."
In this legal context, the disparity between the statement and evidence is presented as an objective fact, leading to the consideration for further investigation. The impersonal construction lends authority to the judicial or investigative process.
In all these authentic usage examples, you'll notice the absence of first-person pronouns and a consistent commitment to a formal, impersonal tone. This pattern is not about sharing your feelings, but about articulating a reasoned and objective conclusion within the established norms of formal Korean communication.

Quick FAQ

Here are some common questions learners ask about -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다, along with concise answers to clarify its usage and nuance.
Q: Can I use 사료하다 (active voice) instead of 사료되다?
A: While 사료하다 (to think, consider) is grammatically correct as an active verb, 사료되다 (to be thought, to be considered) is almost exclusively preferred within this particular pattern. The passive form inherently provides the objectivity and impersonal nuance that defines this grammar. Using 저는 ~ 것으로 사료합니다 explicitly positions you as the one doing the considering, which diminishes the authoritative, detached tone typically desired in formal contexts where 사료되다 is employed.
Q: Is this pattern exclusively for written Korean?
A: Predominantly, yes. Its extreme formality makes it highly unusual in spontaneous spoken conversation. However, you will encounter it in formal, prepared speeches, news broadcasts, academic presentations, and other scripted verbal communications where a very high level of formality and objectivity is maintained.
It's a key marker of elevated, official discourse.
Q: How does -(으)ㄴ/는/을 것으로 사료되다 compare to -(으)ㄹ 것으로 보인다?
A: Both 사료되다 and 보이다 (to be seen, to appear) convey a degree of objectivity and are used in formal contexts. However, there's a subtle but important difference in their implications:
  • -(으)ㄹ 것으로 사료되다: Implies a conclusion or opinion reached through careful consideration, analysis, or logical deduction. It suggests an intellectual process has led to this "thought."
  • 경제 상황이 개선될 것으로 사료됩니다. (It is considered that the economic situation will improve. - based on analysis/deduction)
  • -(으)ㄹ 것으로 보인다: Suggests an observation based on outward appearance, visible evidence, or general perception. It means "it appears that..." or "it seems that..."
  • 내일 날씨가 좋아질 것으로 보입니다. (It appears that the weather will get better tomorrow. - based on observation/forecast)
While both are formal, 사료되다 carries a stronger sense of reasoned, intellectual judgment.
Q: How does it differ from -(으)ㄹ 것이라고 판단되다?
A: -(으)ㄹ 것이라고 판단되다 (to be judged/decided that...) is very similar in formality and objectivity to 사료되다, often interchangeable in many formal contexts. However, 판단되다 (pandandoeda) usually implies a more definitive, conclusive judgment or decision made based on specific criteria or an evaluation process. 사료되다 can be slightly softer, suggesting a considered opinion or a deliberation that may be less final than a judgment.
Q: What are the most natural English translations for this pattern?
A: The best English translation often depends on the specific context, but common and natural renderings include:
  • "It is considered that..."
  • "It is thought that..."
  • "It is deemed that..."
  • "It is believed that..."
  • "It is estimated that..."
  • "It is conjectured that..."
Choose the phrase that best captures the specific nuance of the Korean sentence, emphasizing the impersonal and objective nature of the statement.

Formation Table

Tense Structure Example
Present
Verb stem + -neun geoseuro saryodoeda
haneun geoseuro saryodoeda
Past
Verb stem + -n/eun geoseuro saryodoeda
haetdeon geoseuro saryodoeda
Future
Verb stem + -l/eul geoseuro saryodoeda
hal geoseuro saryodoeda

Meanings

This structure is used to state that something is considered or thought to be the case based on evidence or general consensus.

1

General Consensus

Reporting what the public or experts generally believe.

“gyeongje-ga hoebokdoeneun geoseuro saryodoeda.”

“geu gyeoljeong-eun jeokjeolhan geoseuro saryodoeda.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Formal Opinion: It Is Thought That (-neun geoseuro saryodoeda)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
V + -neun geoseuro saryodoeda
ijeongdo-myeon chungbunhan geoseuro saryodoeda
Negative
V + -ji anneun geoseuro saryodoeda
geu-eun gwanryeon-i eopneun geoseuro saryodoeda
Past
V + -n/eun geoseuro saryodoeda
geu-eun imi kkeutnan geoseuro saryodoeda

Formality Spectrum

Formal
sasil-in geoseuro saryodoemnida.

sasil-in geoseuro saryodoemnida. (Professional report)

Neutral
sasil-in geoseuro saenggakdoemnida.

sasil-in geoseuro saenggakdoemnida. (Professional report)

Informal
sasil-in geot gata.

sasil-in geot gata. (Professional report)

Slang
sasil-in geot gat-a.

sasil-in geot gat-a. (Professional report)

Usage Contexts

saryodoeda

Contexts

  • News Reporting
  • Academic Research
  • Business Reports
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Examples by Level

1

geugeos-eun joh-eun geoseuro saryodoeda.

It is thought to be good.

1

sijang-i keojineun geoseuro saryodoeda.

The market is thought to be growing.

1

geu gyeolgwaneun uimi-itneun geoseuro saryodoeda.

The result is thought to be meaningful.

1

jeonryak-eun byeongyeongdoeneun geoseuro saryodoeda.

The strategy is thought to be changing.

1

ijeon-ui gyeoljeong-eun jaegomto-doeneun geoseuro saryodoeda.

The previous decision is thought to be under review.

1

geu hyeonsang-eun sahoe-jeok byeonhwa-ui ilhwan-euro saryodoeda.

The phenomenon is considered a part of social change.

Easily Confused

Formal Opinion: It Is Thought That (-neun geoseuro saryodoeda) vs -dago hada

Both are used for reporting.

Formal Opinion: It Is Thought That (-neun geoseuro saryodoeda) vs -neun geot gata

Both express opinion.

Formal Opinion: It Is Thought That (-neun geoseuro saryodoeda) vs -neun geoseuro boinda

Both are formal.

Common Mistakes

✗

na-neun saryodoeda

✓

geugeos-eun saryodoeda

It's a passive structure, not for personal opinion.
✗

saryohada

✓

saryodoeda

It must be passive.
✗

saryo-haeyo

✓

saryodoemnida

Too casual.
✗

saryo-da

✓

saryodoeda

Missing the passive marker.
✗

geu-ga saryodoeda

✓

geu-ga geureon geoseuro saryodoeda

Needs the noun clause.
✗

saryo-haetda

✓

saryodoetda

Wrong verb form.
✗

saryo-halgeyo

✓

saryodoemnida

Wrong register.
✗

saryodoeneun geoseuro

✓

saryodoeda

Redundant structure.
✗

saryodoel geoseuro saryodoeda

✓

saryodoel geoseuro boinda

Repetitive.
✗

saryodoeneun-da

✓

saryodoemnida

Register mismatch.
✗

saryodoeneun-ji

✓

saryodoeneun geoseuro

Incorrect particle usage.
✗

saryodoeneun-da-go

✓

saryodoeneun geoseuro

Incorrect reporting structure.
✗

saryodoeneun-ge

✓

saryodoeneun geoseuro

Too casual.

Sentence Patterns

___-neun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

geu gyeolgwaneun ___ geoseuro saryodoemnida.

___-eun ___ geoseuro saryodoemnida.

geu-eun ___ geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Real World Usage

News Report constant

sago-ui wonin-eun bujui-in geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Corporate Email very common

bi-yong-eun jeolgamdoeneun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Academic Paper very common

geu gyeolgwaneun uimi-itneun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Legal Document common

geu-eun gyeoljeong-eun jeokjeolhan geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Market Analysis common

sijang-i keojineun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Official Statement common

geu-eun sasil-in geoseuro saryodoemnida.

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💡

Use in writing only

This is a written form. Avoid it in casual speech.
⚠️

Don't use for personal opinion

It's for collective or expert opinion, not 'I think'.
🎯

Match with formal register

Use with formal endings like -mnida.
💬

Sound professional

This structure instantly makes your Korean sound more educated.

Smart Tips

Use saryodoeda to sound objective.

I think the market is growing. → sijang-i keojineun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Use saryodoeda for conclusions.

The data shows it is a success. → geu gyeolgwaneun seonggong-in geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Use saryodoeda to show agreement.

Everyone thinks it is good. → geugeos-eun joh-eun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Use past tense modifier.

It is thought that it happened. → geugeos-eun haetdeon geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Pronunciation

sa-ryo-doe-da

Saryodoeda

Pronounced as sa-ryo-doe-da. Ensure the 'doe' is clear.

Formal Statement

Sentence ends with a flat tone.

Conveys objectivity.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Saryo' as 'Saryo-da' (a formal thought). It's a 'serious' thought.

Visual Association

Imagine a judge in a courtroom nodding while reading a document. The document says 'saryodoeda'.

Rhyme

In a report, keep it steady, use the phrase saryodoeda.

Story

The CEO sat in the boardroom. He looked at the data. He didn't say 'I think'. He said, 'The market is growing, as is thought (saryodoeda).'

Word Web

사료되다생각되다판단되다보고되다간주되다

Challenge

Write three sentences about your current job or studies using this structure.

Cultural Notes

Used in reports to show respect and distance.

Standard for research papers.

Used by anchors to report on events.

Derived from the Sino-Korean word '사료' (思料 - thought/consideration) and the passive verb '되다'.

Conversation Starters

“

geu saeop-eun eotteon geoseuro saryodoemnida?

“

geu gyeolgwaneun uimi-itneun geoseuro saryodoemnida?

“

geu-eun gyeoljeong-i jeokjeolhan geoseuro saryodoemnida?

“

geu-eun byeonhwa-ga pilsu-in geoseuro saryodoemnida?

Journal Prompts

Write a short report on a recent news event.
Analyze a business decision using formal language.
Summarize an academic article.
Explain why a policy change is necessary.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

geu gyeolgwaneun uimi-itneun geoseuro ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: saryodoemnida
It's the correct formal passive form.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geugeos-eun saryodoemnida.
Formal register requires -mnida.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

na-neun saryodoemnida.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geugeos-eun saryodoemnida.
It's a passive structure.
Transform to formal. Sentence Transformation

geugeos-eun joh-eun geot gata.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geugeos-eun joh-eun geoseuro saryodoemnida.
Formal passive.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it is thought
Passive meaning.
Fill in the blank.

sijang-i ____ geoseuro saryodoemnida.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: keojineun
Present tense modifier.
Choose the correct register. Multiple Choice

When to use saryodoemnida?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Formal report
It's a formal register.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

geu-eun saryodoeneun-da-go hada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geu-eun saryodoeneun geoseuro saryodoemnida.
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

geu gyeolgwaneun uimi-itneun geoseuro ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: saryodoemnida
It's the correct formal passive form.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geugeos-eun saryodoemnida.
Formal register requires -mnida.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

na-neun saryodoemnida.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geugeos-eun saryodoemnida.
It's a passive structure.
Transform to formal. Sentence Transformation

geugeos-eun joh-eun geot gata.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geugeos-eun joh-eun geoseuro saryodoemnida.
Formal passive.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

saryodoemnida

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it is thought
Passive meaning.
Fill in the blank.

sijang-i ____ geoseuro saryodoemnida.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: keojineun
Present tense modifier.
Choose the correct register. Multiple Choice

When to use saryodoemnida?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Formal report
It's a formal register.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

geu-eun saryodoeneun-da-go hada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geu-eun saryodoeneun geoseuro saryodoemnida.
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank for future prediction. Fill in the Blank

Sales ___ (will improve) next year. (내년 매출이 ___ 것으로 사료됩니다.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 개선될
Match the context to the appropriate phrase. Match Pairs

Connect the situation to the correct Korean phrase.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["\uc0ac\ub8cc\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4","\uac83 \uac19\uc544\uc694","\uc0ac\ub8cc\ub41c\ub2e4"]
Identify the unnatural word. Error Correction

저녁 메뉴는 치킨인 것으로 사료됩니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저녁 메뉴는 치킨일 것 같습니다.
Arrange the words to form a formal sentence. Sentence Reorder

thought / It / to be / is / effective. (효과적인 / 것으로 / 사료됩니다)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 효과적인 것으로 사료됩니다
Translate the phrase 'It is thought to be difficult'. Translation

어려운 ___ ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 것으로 사료됩니다
Which verb tense is used here? Multiple Choice

이미 종료된 것으로 사료됩니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Past
Connect the noun 'expert'. Fill in the Blank

He is thought to be an expert. (그는 전문가___ 것으로 사료됩니다.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 인
Find the mistake in particle usage. Error Correction

위험한 것에 사료됩니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 위험한 것으로 사료됩니다.
Order the sentence: cause / The / thought / is / to be / unknown. Sentence Reorder

원인은 / 알려지지 / 않은 / 것으로 / 사료됩니다

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 원인은 알려지지 않은 것으로 사료됩니다
Choose the correct formality level for a thesis. Multiple Choice

Which ending fits a written academic paper?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사료된다

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No, it is strictly for formal writing.

No, it is passive and objective.

It sounds very formal and professional.

Yes, use -n/eun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

To remove the speaker's personal bias.

Yes, it is very common in writing sections.

Boinda is visual; saryodoeda is analytical.

Yes, use -ji anneun geoseuro saryodoemnida.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Se piensa que

Spanish uses the reflexive 'se', Korean uses the passive 'doeda'.

French moderate

On pense que

French uses 'on' (impersonal pronoun), Korean uses a passive verb.

German moderate

Man denkt

German uses 'man', Korean uses a passive construction.

Japanese high

Kangaerareru

The Korean structure is more specific to reporting.

Arabic high

Yu'taqad anna

Arabic uses a specific passive verb form.

Chinese high

Bei renwei

Chinese uses the 'bei' passive marker.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
The Inference Ending: It looks like... (-나/는가 보다)
Next
Expressing Shock: -다니 (How Could...)

Learn These First

B1 Requires

Turning Actions into Nouns (는 것)

Overview Korean grammar employs a sophisticated system of modifying clauses and nominalization to express complex ideas...

Related Grammar Rules

B2

Formal 'By' Agent (-에 의해)

Overview In Korean, expressing agency – the 'by' in 'done by' – isn't a one-size-fits-all matter as it often is in Engli...
B2

Based On: -을/를 바탕으로

Overview In Korean, expressing that an action, creation, or judgment is **based on** a particular source is crucial for...
B2

The 'Double Passive' Vibe (Advanced Causative Passive)

Overview Korean, like many languages, employs grammatical mechanisms to shift focus within a sentence. The **Double Pass...
B2

The Inference Ending: It looks like... (-나/는가 보다)

Overview As you navigate the complexities of B2-level Korean, you encounter grammar that allows for more nuanced express...
B2

Expressing Shock: -다니 (How Could...)

Overview **-다니** (romanized: -dani) is an upper-intermediate (B2) Korean grammar pattern used to express strong surpr...
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