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B1 verb #7,000 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

퇴보하다

toebohada رتبه 7,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 퇴보하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 퇴보하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '퇴보하다' is a very difficult word because it is formal and abstract. Beginners usually learn '나쁘다' (to be bad) or '안 좋다' (to be not good). If an A1 student wants to express this idea, they might say '실력이 안 좋아졌어요' (My skill became not good). '퇴보하다' is like saying 'My skills have undergone a qualitative regression,' which is far beyond the basic survival Korean needed at this stage. However, it's good to know that '퇴 (退)' means 'back', which you might see in '퇴근' (leaving work). At this level, just remember that things can go forward (발전) or backward (퇴보). Focus on simpler verbs for now, but keep this one in the back of your mind for when you want to sound more professional later on. You won't hear this in simple greetings or at the market.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to describe changes in your life. You might use '나빠지다' (to become worse) or '줄어들다' (to decrease). '퇴보하다' is still quite formal, but you might see it in a reading passage about a character who stops practicing the piano and loses their skill. You should recognize that '퇴보' is the opposite of '진보' (progress). If you use this word at the A2 level, people will be very impressed by your vocabulary. For example, instead of saying '공부를 안 해서 성적이 나빠졌어요' (I didn't study so my grades got bad), using '실력이 퇴보했어요' (My skills regressed) sounds much more serious. It's a 'big word' for an A2 student, used to show that you are serious about your self-improvement and recognize when you are not moving forward.

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B1 is the level where '퇴보하다' becomes a core part of your vocabulary. At this stage, you are expected to participate in discussions about society, work, and personal development. You need a word that describes more than just 'getting bad'. '퇴보하다' allows you to talk about technology that has become less user-friendly, or a company that is losing its competitive edge because it stopped innovating. You should be able to use it in the past tense (퇴보했다) and the progressive form (퇴보하고 있다). You will start to see this word in newspapers (신문) and hear it in TV news (뉴스). It is essential for describing the 'direction' of a trend. When you talk about your Korean learning journey, you can use '퇴보하다' to describe the frustration of forgetting words after a long break. It adds a level of intellectual honesty to your conversations.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '퇴보하다' in both speaking and writing. You should also be able to use its causative form, '퇴보시키다' (to cause to regress). For example, in a debate about social media, you might say, 'SNS가 사람들의 집중력을 퇴보시키고 있습니다' (Social media is causing people's concentration to regress). You understand that this word implies a systemic failure. You can distinguish it from '후퇴하다' (to retreat) and '퇴화하다' (to atrophy). In a business setting, you would use this word to criticize a strategy that relies on outdated methods. It is a key word for critical thinking in Korean. You should also be familiar with the noun form '퇴보' and how it is used in compound nouns like '기술적 퇴보' (technological regression) or '문화적 퇴보' (cultural regression).

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For C1 learners, '퇴보하다' is a tool for nuanced analysis. You use it to discuss historical cycles, political shifts, and complex economic theories. You might use it to describe the 'regression toward the mean' in statistics or the 'regression of civilization' in a philosophical essay. You are aware of the subtle difference between '퇴보' and '쇠퇴' (decline/waning), where '퇴보' specifically focuses on the reversal of progress while '쇠퇴' focuses on the loss of power or vitality. You can use this word in high-level academic writing without hesitation. You might also use it ironically or metaphorically in literature. Your mastery of this word allows you to articulate complex feelings about the state of the world, such as the fear that modern society is regressing despite its technological advancements.

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At the C2 level, '퇴보하다' is used with complete native-like precision. You can use it in spontaneous debates on complex topics like ethics, law, or advanced science. You might use it to discuss the 'regressive' nature of certain legal precedents or the 'regression' of a biological species in a highly technical sense. You are also familiar with archaic or very formal variations and can use the word in stylized prose. You understand the historical weight of the Hanja characters and can explain the word's nuances to others. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a conceptual building block for your world view. You can use it to critique the very idea of progress, arguing that what some call 'progress' is actually a form of '퇴보' in terms of human values or ecological health.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

퇴보하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

퇴보하다 means to regress or deteriorate qualitatively, moving away from a state of progress.
It is a formal word used for skills, technology, society, and professional performance.
The Hanja roots are 퇴 (back) and 보 (step), literally meaning 'to take a step back'.
It is the direct antonym of 발전하다 (to develop) and 진보하다 (to progress).

The Korean verb 퇴보하다 (toego-hada) is a sophisticated term used to describe a movement backward, not necessarily in a physical sense, but in terms of quality, progress, development, or skill. Rooted in Hanja (Sino-Korean characters), the word is composed of 퇴 (退), meaning 'to retreat' or 'to go back', and 보 (步), meaning 'step' or 'stride'. Combined, they literally translate to 'taking a step backward'. In the context of modern Korean society, this word carries a weight of disappointment or critical observation, often used when discussing technology, social standards, personal abilities, or historical trends that seem to be losing the ground they once gained.

Conceptual Essence: It represents the antithesis of evolution and progress. While '발전하다' (to develop) suggests moving toward a better state, '퇴보하다' suggests a return to a less advanced or inferior state.

지속적인 연습이 없으면 실력은 결국 퇴보하게 됩니다. (Without constant practice, your skills will eventually deteriorate.)

You will frequently encounter this word in academic critiques, news editorials, and professional feedback. For instance, if a new software update makes the user experience more cumbersome than the previous version, a critic might say the design has '퇴보했다'. Similarly, in a political context, if civil liberties are perceived to be shrinking, commentators might lament that democracy is '퇴보하고 있다'. It is a word that demands a comparison between a past peak and a current decline.

Common Domains: Technology (software regressions), Personal Skills (language or sports), Social Issues (human rights, education quality), and Economics (market efficiency).

그의 건강 상태가 갑자기 퇴보하여 모두가 걱정하고 있습니다. (His health has suddenly deteriorated, and everyone is worried.)

Understanding '퇴보하다' requires recognizing that it is a formal and somewhat serious word. While you might say your English is 'getting bad' (나빠지다) in a casual conversation, using '퇴보하다' in a speech or an essay adds a layer of intellectual depth, suggesting a systemic or structural decline rather than just a temporary lapse. It frames the decline as a reversal of what should be a forward-moving process.

기술의 발전이 인간의 사고력을 퇴보시킬 수도 있다는 우려가 있습니다. (There are concerns that technological advancement might cause human thinking ability to regress.)

Nuance Check: Unlike '후퇴하다' which often refers to physical movement (like an army retreating), '퇴보하다' is almost always used for abstract qualities and standards.

과거로 퇴보하는 정책은 국민의 지지를 받기 어렵습니다. (Policies that regress toward the past are unlikely to receive public support.)

In summary, '퇴보하다' is your go-to word for discussing qualitative decline. It is used to lament the loss of progress and to warn against stagnation that leads to deterioration. Whether you are talking about a professional skill, a societal value, or a scientific standard, this word provides the necessary gravitas to describe a backward trend in a world that is expected to move forward.

Using 퇴보하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as an intransitive verb and its formal tone. Because it describes a state of change, it is often used with subjects that represent systems, abilities, or abstract concepts. It rarely takes a direct object unless it is converted to its causative form, 퇴보시키다 (to make something regress). Let's explore how to integrate this word into various sentence structures to convey professional and nuanced meanings.

Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject is usually the thing that is declining. Common subjects include 실력 (skill), 기술 (technology), 문화 (culture), and 경제 (economy).

그 나라의 민주주의가 최근 몇 년 사이 크게 퇴보했습니다. (That country's democracy has regressed significantly in recent years.)

When describing a continuous process of decline, the progressive form -고 있다 is frequently used. This emphasizes that the regression is currently happening and hasn't yet reached a bottom point. For example, '사회가 퇴보하고 있다' (Society is regressing) suggests an ongoing trend that needs to be addressed immediately.

The Causative Form: 퇴보시키다: If you want to say that something *caused* a regression, you use '퇴보시키다'. This is common in debates about the impact of certain factors on progress.

지나친 규제는 산업의 발전을 저해하고 경쟁력을 퇴보시킵니다. (Excessive regulation hinders industrial development and causes competitiveness to regress.)

In hypothetical or conditional sentences, '퇴보하다' helps express warnings. Using the -(으)면 (if) or -다가는 (if one keeps doing...) patterns allows you to predict negative outcomes. '노력하지 않으면 퇴보할 뿐이다' (If you don't make an effort, you will only regress) is a common motivational phrase in Korea, emphasizing that there is no such thing as staying still—you are either moving forward or backward.

이런 식으로 운영하다가는 회사가 퇴보할 위험이 큽니다. (If we keep operating like this, there is a high risk that the company will regress.)

Comparison with Antonyms: It is often used in contrast with '진보하다' (to progress) or '발전하다' (to develop) to highlight a shift in direction.

역사는 항상 진보하는 것이 아니라 때로는 퇴보하기도 합니다. (History does not always progress; sometimes it also regresses.)

Finally, consider the register. In formal writing, such as a thesis or a business report, '퇴보' is preferred over '나빠짐' or '줄어듦' because it implies a loss of sophisticated structural integrity. When you use '퇴보하다', you are making a claim about the quality of the trajectory, making it an essential verb for anyone looking to master high-level Korean communication.

While 퇴보하다 is a B1-level word, its usage is most prominent in environments where critical thinking and evaluation are required. You might not hear it every day at a convenience store, but you will certainly hear it in the following five key areas of Korean life. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the 'vibe' of the word.

1. News and Media Editorials: Journalists often use '퇴보' to criticize government policies or social trends. If a new law is seen as outdated, the headline might read: '시대에 역행하는 퇴보적 입법' (Regressive legislation that goes against the times).

전문가들은 이번 조치가 교육의 질을 퇴보시킬 것이라고 경고했습니다. (Experts warned that this measure will cause the quality of education to regress.)

In professional sports commentary, '퇴보하다' is used when a player's performance drops significantly compared to their 'prime' years. Instead of just saying they are playing poorly, a commentator might analyze their technique and conclude that their '기량' (skill/ability) has '퇴보했다'. This implies that the player has lost the refined touch they once had.

2. Academic and Educational Settings: Teachers and professors use this word to motivate students. A common warning is that if a student stops reading or thinking critically, their cognitive abilities will regress. It's a way to emphasize the 'use it or lose it' principle.

외국어는 꾸준히 사용하지 않으면 금방 퇴보하게 됩니다. (If you don't use a foreign language consistently, it will quickly regress.)

In the tech industry, specifically in software development, you might hear about 'Regression Testing'. While the technical term is often transliterated, the concept is described as '기능의 퇴보' (regression of functions). This happens when a new feature accidentally breaks an old one, making the software worse overall.

3. Corporate Performance Reviews: In a business report, a manager might describe a team's productivity as having regressed. This is a very serious critique, suggesting that the team is no longer meeting the standards they once set.

혁신이 없는 기업은 시장에서 퇴보할 수밖에 없습니다. (A company without innovation has no choice but to regress in the market.)

Lastly, in historical or philosophical discussions, '퇴보' is used to talk about the 'Dark Ages' or periods of cultural decline. It serves as a tool for analyzing the rise and fall of civilizations, where '진보' (progress) and '퇴보' (regression) are the two primary lenses of analysis.

While 퇴보하다 is a powerful word, learners often misuse it by confusing it with similar terms or applying it to the wrong contexts. Because Korean has many words for 'going back' or 'getting worse', choosing the right one is crucial for sounding natural and precise. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

1. Confusing '퇴보하다' with '후퇴하다': This is the most frequent mistake. '후퇴하다' (hute-hada) usually refers to physical movement or a strategic withdrawal (like an army retreating). '퇴보하다' refers to a qualitative decline in abstract things like skills or technology.

Wrong: 군대가 퇴보했다. (The army regressed [in quality? maybe, but usually means retreated])
Right: 군대가 후퇴했다. (The army retreated [physically].)

If you say '군대가 퇴보했다', you are saying the army's training or technology has gotten worse over time. If you mean they moved back on the battlefield, you must use '후퇴하다'.

2. Using it for simple negative changes: Don't use '퇴보하다' for everyday bad things. If your soup tastes bad, it's '맛이 없다' or '맛이 변했다'. Using '퇴보하다' here would sound overly dramatic or academic, as if the soup's recipe has undergone a historical decline.

Wrong: 오늘 날씨가 퇴보했어요.
Right: 오늘 날씨가 나빠졌어요. (The weather got worse today.)

Another mistake is forgetting the causative form. If you want to say 'The internet makes our patience regress', you cannot say '인터넷이 인내심을 퇴보하다'. Since '퇴보하다' is intransitive, you need the causative '퇴보시키다'.

3. Overusing it in casual speech: Because it is a formal word, using it with friends over coffee might make you sound like a textbook. Use '실력이 줄었다' (skill decreased) or '실력이 떨어졌다' (skill dropped) for casual settings.

친구 사이: 한국어 실력이 좀 떨어진 것 같아. (Casual: Seems like my Korean skills dropped a bit.)

Finally, ensure you don't confuse it with '퇴화하다' (to atrophy/degenerate biologically). While similar, '퇴화하다' is specifically for biological organs or evolutionary traits that are no longer used (like a tailbone). '퇴보하다' is for the broader concepts of progress and achievement.

To truly master 퇴보하다, you should understand how it fits into the ecosystem of Korean words that describe decline or backward movement. Depending on the context—whether it's physical, biological, or qualitative—you might need to choose a different term. Here is a detailed comparison of its synonyms and alternatives.

퇴보하다 vs. 후퇴하다 (hute-hada): As mentioned, '후퇴' is about physical space or strategic position. Think of a car in reverse or a soldier moving back. '퇴보' is about quality. You can '후퇴' to a safer position, but '퇴보' is always negative.

경기가 안 좋아서 매출이 후퇴했다 (Sales retreated/dropped - quantitative).
기술력이 퇴보했다 (Technological prowess regressed - qualitative).

Next, consider 퇴화하다 (toehwa-hada). This is a biological term. If an animal stops using its wings and they become smaller over generations, that is '퇴화'. You can use this metaphorically for human skills (e.g., 'If we use calculators, our mental math skills will atrophy/퇴화'), but '퇴보' is more common for the general state of the skill.

퇴보하다 vs. 악화되다 (akhwa-doeda): '악화되다' means 'to get worse' or 'to deteriorate'. It is very commonly used for health, weather, or relationships. While '퇴보' implies a reversal of progress, '악화' simply means the situation is becoming more negative.

환자의 상태가 악화되었다. (The patient's condition worsened.)
민주주의가 퇴보했다. (Democracy regressed.)

For a more casual alternative, use 떨어지다 (tteoreojida). Literally meaning 'to fall', it is used for grades, skills, or prices. '실력이 떨어졌다' is the natural way to say 'My skills have slipped' in daily life. It lacks the formal, systemic weight of '퇴보하다'.

Other Alternatives: - 쇠퇴하다 (soetoe-hada): To decline or wane (used for empires, industries, or trends).
- 낙후되다 (nakhu-doeda): To be outdated or lag behind (used for facilities or underdeveloped regions).

Choosing between these depends on your specific focus: Is it a physical move (후퇴)? A biological loss (퇴화)? A general worsening (악화)? A loss of skill (떨어지다)? Or a systemic regression (퇴보)? Mastering these distinctions will make your Korean sound incredibly precise and sophisticated.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 步 (보) originally depicted two feet, one in front of the other, symbolizing walking. When paired with 退 (퇴), it implies that the 'walking' is happening in the wrong direction.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /tʰwe.bo.ɦa.da/

US /tʰweɪ.boʊ.hɑː.dɑː/

The primary stress is on the first syllable '퇴' (tʰwe).

هم‌قافیه با

진보하다 (jinbo-hada) 홍보하다 (hongbo-hada) 확보하다 (hwakbo-hada) 정보 (jeongbo) 행보 (haengbo) 보도 (bodo) 양보하다 (yangbo-hada) 통보하다 (tongbo-hada)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '퇴' as 'toe'. It should have a 'w' sound: tʰwe.
Pronouncing '보' as 'po'. Keep the 'b' voiced but light.
Mumbling the 'ㅎ' (h) in '하다'. It should be clear.
Confusing the pitch accent in some dialects, but standard Korean is relatively flat.
Merging '퇴' and '보' too quickly; keep the syllables distinct.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Requires knowledge of Hanja-based academic vocabulary. Often found in complex sentences.

نوشتن 4/5

Difficult to use naturally without sounding overly formal unless the context is appropriate.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right situation to use it is tricky.

گوش دادن 4/5

Common in news and lectures, where it is often spoken quickly.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

가다 (to go) 뒤 (back) 나쁘다 (to be bad) 발전 (development) 공부 (study)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

혁신 (innovation) 정체 (stagnation) 도약 (leap/jump forward) 비약적 (rapid/leaping) 수반하다 (to accompany)

پیشرفته

회귀 (regression/return) 고착 (fixation/stagnation) 와해 (collapse/disintegration) 잠식 (encroachment/erosion)

گرامر لازم

-게 되다 (To end up / To become)

연습을 안 하면 실력이 퇴보하게 됩니다.

-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 (Have no choice but to)

노력하지 않으면 퇴보할 수밖에 없습니다.

-기 마련이다 (Be bound to)

사용하지 않는 기술은 퇴보하기 마련입니다.

-아/어/여야 하다 (Must)

실력이 퇴보하지 않도록 노력해야 합니다.

-(으)ㄹ 위험이 있다 (There is a risk of)

민주주의가 퇴보할 위험이 있습니다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

공부를 안 하면 실력이 퇴보해요.

If you don't study, your skills regress.

-(으)면 (if) + 퇴보해요 (present polite).

그의 노래 실력이 퇴보했어요.

His singing skills regressed.

Past tense -았/었/였다.

기술이 퇴보하면 안 돼요.

Technology shouldn't regress.

-면 안 되다 (should not).

우리 팀이 퇴보하고 있어요.

Our team is regressing.

-고 있다 (progressive).

퇴보하지 마세요.

Don't regress.

-지 마세요 (prohibitive).

운동을 쉬면 체력이 퇴보해요.

If you stop exercising, your stamina regresses.

Generic truth in present tense.

디자인이 조금 퇴보한 것 같아요.

I think the design has regressed a bit.

-ㄴ 것 같다 (it seems that).

그는 퇴보하는 것을 싫어해요.

He hates regressing.

-는 것 (nominalization).

연습을 게을리하면 실력은 퇴보하기 마련이다.

If you are lazy with practice, your skills are bound to regress.

-기 마련이다 (is bound to/it's natural that).

컴퓨터 게임만 하면 사고력이 퇴보할 수 있어요.

If you only play computer games, your thinking ability can regress.

-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 (possibility).

과거의 방식만 고집하면 회사는 퇴보합니다.

If you only stick to old ways, the company will regress.

Formal declarative -ㅂ니다.

언어 실력이 퇴보하지 않도록 매일 읽으세요.

Read every day so that your language skills don't regress.

-도록 (so that/in order to).

그 선수의 기량이 작년보다 퇴보했다는 평가를 받았다.

The player received an evaluation that their skills had regressed compared to last year.

-다는 (indirect quote modifying a noun).

민주주의가 퇴보하는 것을 막아야 합니다.

We must prevent democracy from regressing.

-아/어/여야 하다 (must).

새로운 기능이 추가되었지만 오히려 사용성은 퇴보했다.

New features were added, but rather, the usability regressed.

오히려 (rather/on the contrary).

노력하지 않는 사람은 결국 퇴보하게 됩니다.

People who don't make an effort eventually end up regressing.

-게 되다 (to come to be/end up).

사회가 올바른 방향으로 가지 않으면 퇴보할 위험이 있다.

If society does not go in the right direction, there is a risk of regression.

-(으)ㄹ 위험이 있다 (there is a risk of).

지나친 경쟁은 오히려 창의성을 퇴보시킬 수 있다.

Excessive competition can rather cause creativity to regress.

Causative -시키다.

그 나라의 경제가 10년 전으로 퇴보했다는 소식에 충격을 받았다.

I was shocked by the news that the country's economy had regressed to where it was 10 years ago.

-ㄴ 소식에 (at the news that...).

기술의 발전이 인간의 도덕성을 퇴보시켜서는 안 됩니다.

The advancement of technology must not cause human morality to regress.

-아서는 안 된다 (must not).

교육 시스템이 시대의 흐름을 따라가지 못하고 퇴보하고 있다.

The education system is failing to keep up with the times and is regressing.

-지 못하고 (unable to and...).

전문가들은 이번 정책이 인권의 퇴보를 가져올 것이라고 비판했다.

Experts criticized that this policy would bring about a regression in human rights.

-ㄴ다/ㄹ 것이라고 (indirect statement).

그의 소설은 갈수록 문장력이 퇴보하는 느낌을 준다.

His novels give the feeling that his writing skills are regressing as time goes on.

갈수록 (as time goes by/more and more).

우리는 퇴보가 아닌 발전을 위해 힘을 모아야 합니다.

We must join forces for progress, not regression.

-이/가 아닌 (not A but B).

역사학자들은 문명이 정체되는 순간 퇴보가 시작된다고 말한다.

Historians say that the moment a civilization stagnates, regression begins.

-는 순간 (the moment that...).

환경 보호를 소홀히 한다면 인류의 미래는 퇴보할 수밖에 없습니다.

If we neglect environmental protection, the future of humanity has no choice but to regress.

-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 (have no choice but to).

전통을 지키는 것과 시대에 뒤떨어져 퇴보하는 것은 별개의 문제입니다.

Preserving tradition and regressing by falling behind the times are separate issues.

A-는 것과 B-는 것은 별개다 (A and B are separate).

디지털 시대에 아날로그 감성이 퇴보하는 것은 자연스러운 현상일지도 모른다.

It might be a natural phenomenon for analog sensibilities to regress in the digital age.

-(으)ㄹ지도 모른다 (might/may).

정치적 갈등이 심화되면서 국가의 통합력이 크게 퇴보했다.

As political conflict deepened, the nation's power of integration regressed significantly.

-면서 (while/as).

어제의 성공에 안주하는 태도는 개인의 성장을 퇴보시키는 지름길이다.

An attitude of being complacent with yesterday's success is a shortcut to regressing personal growth.

-는 지름길이다 (is a shortcut to...).

과학 기술의 오남용은 인류 문명을 퇴보시킬 위험성을 내포하고 있다.

The misuse and abuse of science and technology contains the risk of regressing human civilization.

-고 있다 (continuative state).

작가는 현대인의 소외 현상이 인간성을 퇴보시키고 있다고 주장한다.

The author claims that the phenomenon of alienation among modern people is causing humanity to regress.

-고 있다고 주장하다 (claim that...).

역사적 진보는 선형적인 것이 아니라 때로는 비극적인 퇴보를 수반하기도 한다.

Historical progress is not linear and sometimes involves tragic regression.

-기도 하다 (sometimes does...).

지식의 파편화가 오히려 깊이 있는 사유를 퇴보시키고 있다는 우려의 목소리가 높다.

There are loud voices of concern that the fragmentation of knowledge is rather causing deep thinking to regress.

-고 있다는 우려의 목소리가 높다 (voices of concern are high that...).

포퓰리즘의 득세는 합리적 토론 문화를 퇴보시키는 결과를 초래했다.

The rise of populism resulted in regressing the culture of rational debate.

-는 결과를 초래하다 (bring about the result of...).

인공지능의 발달이 인간의 고유한 창의적 영역마저 퇴보시킬 것인가에 대한 논쟁이 뜨겁다.

The debate is heated over whether the development of AI will regress even the uniquely human creative domains.

-ㄴ가에 대한 논쟁 (debate over whether...).

권위주의로의 회귀는 시민 사회의 역량을 퇴보시키는 결정적인 요인이 된다.

A return to authoritarianism becomes a decisive factor in regressing the capacity of civil society.

-이/가 되다 (to become).

자본의 논리에만 매몰된 예술은 예술 본연의 가치를 퇴보시킬 위험이 크다.

Art buried only in the logic of capital has a high risk of regressing the inherent value of art.

-ㄹ 위험이 크다 (high risk of...).

언어의 단순화가 복잡한 감정의 결을 표현하는 능력을 퇴보시키고 있다.

The simplification of language is regressing the ability to express the texture of complex emotions.

-고 있다 (progressive).

지속 가능한 발전이 전제되지 않은 성장은 결국 환경의 퇴보를 야기할 뿐이다.

Growth that does not presuppose sustainable development only causes environmental regression in the end.

-(으)ㄹ 뿐이다 (only/nothing but).

에로스의 퇴보는 현대 사회에서 타자에 대한 갈망이 사라지고 있음을 시사한다.

The regression of Eros suggests that the longing for 'the Other' is disappearing in modern society.

-고 있음을 시사하다 (suggest that...).

형식적인 민주주의의 유지가 실질적인 민주주의의 퇴보를 은폐하는 수단으로 전락했다.

The maintenance of formal democracy has degenerated into a means of concealing the regression of substantive democracy.

-으로 전락하다 (to fall/degenerate into).

기술적 합리성의 비대는 오히려 인간적 가치의 퇴보를 가속화하는 역설을 낳는다.

The hypertrophy of technological rationality creates the paradox of accelerating the regression of human values.

-는 역설을 낳다 (to give birth to a paradox).

공론장의 붕괴는 집단 지성을 퇴보시키고 확증 편향의 늪에 빠지게 한다.

The collapse of the public sphere regresses collective intelligence and causes one to fall into the swamp of confirmation bias.

-게 하다 (causative/make someone do).

문명의 진보라는 서사 이면에 도사린 야만적 퇴보의 징후들을 포착해야 한다.

We must capture the signs of barbaric regression lurking behind the narrative of civilizational progress.

-아/어/여야 한다 (must).

언어의 빈곤화는 세계를 인식하는 지평을 축소시키고 사유의 퇴보를 야기한다.

The impoverishment of language shrinks the horizon of perceiving the world and causes the regression of thought.

야기하다 (to cause/bring about).

신자유주의적 경쟁 체제는 공동체 의식을 퇴보시키는 근본적인 원인으로 지목된다.

The neoliberal competitive system is pointed out as the fundamental cause of regressing community spirit.

-으로 지목되다 (to be pointed out as).

윤리적 성찰이 결여된 과학의 질주는 인류를 유토피아가 아닌 퇴보의 길로 인도할 것이다.

The rush of science lacking ethical reflection will lead humanity to the path of regression, not utopia.

-(으)ㄹ 것이다 (future/prediction).

ترکیب‌های رایج

실력이 퇴보하다

기술이 퇴보하다

민주주의가 퇴보하다

급격히 퇴보하다

시대에 퇴보하다

문명이 퇴보하다

기량이 퇴보하다

문화가 퇴보하다

정신이 퇴보하다

사고력이 퇴보하다

عبارات رایج

퇴보를 면치 못하다

— To be unable to avoid regression. Used when a decline is inevitable.

혁신 없이는 퇴보를 면치 못할 것이다.

과거로 퇴보하다

— To regress back to the past. Used for social or political changes.

정책이 다시 과거로 퇴보하고 있다.

기술적 퇴보

— Technological regression. A noun phrase describing a drop in tech quality.

이번 업데이트는 기술적 퇴보라는 평이 많다.

시대적 퇴보

— Regression of the times. Used when society moves backward.

인권 탄압은 시대적 퇴보이다.

실력의 퇴보

— Regression of skill. Used in sports or education.

부상 이후 실력의 퇴보가 눈에 띈다.

퇴보의 길을 걷다

— To walk the path of regression. A metaphorical expression.

회사가 점점 퇴보의 길을 걷고 있다.

점진적인 퇴보

— Gradual regression. A slow but steady decline.

관리가 안 된 건물은 점진적인 퇴보를 겪는다.

일시적인 퇴보

— Temporary regression. A short-term drop in quality.

이것은 성장을 위한 일시적인 퇴보일 뿐이다.

심각한 퇴보

— Serious regression. A major decline that causes worry.

환경 정책의 심각한 퇴보가 우려된다.

역사적 퇴보

— Historical regression. A setback in human history.

전쟁은 인류에게 역사적 퇴보를 안겨준다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

퇴보하다 vs 후퇴하다

Refers to physical movement back or strategic retreat. '퇴보' is qualitative regression.

퇴보하다 vs 퇴화하다

Specifically used for biological atrophy or evolutionary loss of function.

퇴보하다 vs 악화되다

Means 'to get worse' in general (health, weather, mood), while '퇴보' implies a reversal of progress.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"뒷걸음질 치다"

— To step backward. Often used to describe progress regressing metaphorically.

우리 경제가 뒷걸음질 치고 있다.

Common

"제자리걸음을 하다"

— To march in place. While not regression, it implies a lack of progress that leads to regression.

실력이 늘지 않고 제자리걸음만 하고 있다.

Common

"구관이 명관이다"

— The old official is the good official. Used when a new thing is worse than the old (suggesting regression).

새 디자인보다 옛날 게 낫네. 구관이 명관이야.

Proverb

"거꾸로 가다"

— To go backward. A simple way to say something is regressing.

세상이 거꾸로 가는 것 같아요.

Informal

"내리막길을 걷다"

— To walk downhill. Used for a declining career or business.

그 가수는 이제 내리막길을 걷고 있다.

Common

"찬물을 끼얹다"

— To throw cold water on. Used when something ruins progress, causing regression.

그의 발언이 분위기에 찬물을 끼얹었다.

Common

"도로 아미타불"

— To go back to square one (Buddhist origin). All effort becomes useless.

다 고쳤는데 다시 고장 나니 도로 아미타불이다.

Common

"싹이 노랗다"

— The sprout is yellow. Meaning there's no hope for progress, only regression/failure.

그놈은 공부하는 꼴을 보니 벌써 싹이 노랗다.

Informal

"도루묵이 되다"

— To come to nothing. Used when progress is reversed.

열심히 준비했는데 계획이 취소되어 도루묵이 됐다.

Common

"바닥을 치다"

— To hit rock bottom. The lowest point of regression.

주가가 바닥을 치고 다시 올라오길 바란다.

Common

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

퇴보하다 vs 쇠퇴하다

Both mean 'decline'.

쇠퇴 is for the waning of power or vitality (empires, industries), while 퇴보 is for the loss of quality or progress.

로마 제국은 쇠퇴했고, 현대의 교육은 퇴보하고 있다.

퇴보하다 vs 낙후되다

Both imply being 'behind'.

낙후되다 means to lag behind others or be underdeveloped, while 퇴보하다 means to move backward from your own previous state.

시설이 낙후된 마을과 기술이 퇴보한 회사.

퇴보하다 vs 변질되다

Both mean a negative change.

변질되다 means to be corrupted or its essence changed for the worse (food, ideas), while 퇴보하다 is about the level of progress.

초심이 변질되어 실력이 퇴보했다.

퇴보하다 vs 감퇴하다

Both mean a decrease.

감퇴하다 is for bodily functions or natural drives (memory, appetite), while 퇴보하다 is for skills or systems.

기억력은 감퇴하고 실력은 퇴보한다.

퇴보하다 vs 하락하다

Both mean going down.

하락하다 is for numerical values like prices, grades, or temperatures.

주가는 하락하고 기술은 퇴보했다.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

실력이 퇴보했어요.

노래 실력이 퇴보했어요.

~이/가 퇴보하고 있다.

사회가 퇴보하고 있다.

~을/를 퇴보시키다.

기술이 사고력을 퇴보시킨다.

~이/가 퇴보할 위험이 있다.

경제가 퇴보할 위험이 있다.

퇴보를 면치 못하다.

회사가 퇴보를 면치 못했다.

~의 퇴보를 초래하다.

정책이 인권의 퇴보를 초래했다.

퇴보의 길을 걷다.

문명이 퇴보의 길을 걷고 있다.

~은/는 퇴보의 징후이다.

이것은 도덕적 퇴보의 징후이다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

퇴보 (regression/deterioration)

퇴보주의 (regressivism)

퇴보자 (one who regresses)

فعل‌ها

퇴보하다 (to regress)

퇴보시키다 (to cause to regress)

صفت‌ها

퇴보적 (regressive)

مرتبط

후퇴 (retreat)

퇴화 (atrophy)

쇠퇴 (decline)

감퇴 (diminishment)

진보 (progress)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Medium-High in written/academic Korean; Medium in spoken formal Korean.

اشتباهات رایج

군대가 산에서 퇴보했다. → 군대가 산에서 후퇴했다.
'퇴보' is for quality/progress, '후퇴' is for physical movement.
나쁜 습관이 성적을 퇴보했다. → 나쁜 습관이 성적을 퇴보시켰다.
'퇴보하다' is intransitive; you need the causative '퇴보시키다' to take an object.
어제보다 날씨가 퇴보했어요. → 어제보다 날씨가 나빠졌어요.
'퇴보하다' is too formal and abstract for weather. Use '나빠지다'.
기억력이 퇴보하고 있다. → 기억력이 감퇴하고 있다.
For bodily or mental functions, '감퇴하다' is more natural than '퇴보하다'.
이 컴퓨터는 낡아서 퇴보했다. → 이 컴퓨터는 낡아서 낙후되었다.
'낙후되다' is used for outdated facilities/equipment. '퇴보' is for the concept/tech itself.

نکات

Formal Contexts

Use '퇴보하다' in essays and reports to show a high level of Korean proficiency. It sounds much more professional than '나빠지다'.

Contrast with 진보

In political discussions, '진보' (progress) and '퇴보' (regression) are often used together to describe the direction a country is moving.

Don't forget -시키다

If you want to blame something for the regression, use '퇴보시키다'. Example: '게으름이 나를 퇴보시켰다' (Laziness made me regress).

Learn the Roots

Knowing that '퇴' (退) means 'back' will help you understand other words like '퇴근', '퇴학', and '퇴원'.

Common Pairs

Memorize '실력이 퇴보하다' as a single block. It's the most common way to use the word in personal contexts.

Intransitive nature

Remember that '퇴보하다' doesn't take an object. You say 'A가 퇴보하다', not 'B를 퇴보하다'.

Qualitative only

Never use '퇴보하다' for moving physically backward. Use '후퇴하다' or '뒤로 가다' for that.

Noun usage

In titles or headlines, use the noun '퇴보' (e.g., '한국 축구의 퇴보?') for a strong impact.

News keywords

When you hear '퇴보' on the news, pay attention to the subject. It's usually something the reporter is criticizing.

The Staircase

Visualize a person walking down a staircase backward. That is '퇴보'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'T' for 'To the back' and 'BO' for 'BOdy'. Imagine your whole body taking a step back. 'T-BO' = Taking a Step Back.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a staircase. 'Progress' (진보) is walking up. 'Regression' (퇴보) is walking down backward while looking up.

شبکه واژگان

퇴보 (Center) 실력 (Skill) 기술 (Tech) 민주주의 (Democracy) 과거 (Past) 진보 (Opposite) 발전 (Opposite) 악화 (Similar)

چالش

Write three sentences about a skill you used to be good at but have since seen '퇴보' in because you stopped practicing.

ریشه کلمه

From the Hanja characters 退 (퇴) meaning 'to retreat, withdraw, or go back' and 步 (보) meaning 'step, pace, or stride'. It has been used in Korean for centuries to describe a lack of forward movement in academic and moral development.

معنای اصلی: To take a step backward.

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

None. It is a standard academic and professional term.

In English, we often use 'regression' or 'deterioration', but in casual speech, we just say 'getting worse'. '퇴보하다' is more formal than 'getting worse'.

Used in historical dramas (Sageuk) when scholars lament the moral decline of the king's court. Commonly found in the 'Editorial' (사설) section of major Korean newspapers like Chosun Ilbo or Hankyoreh. Often used by tech reviewers on YouTube when a new phone model removes a popular feature (e.g., the headphone jack).

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Education

학습 능력이 퇴보하다
기초 실력의 퇴보
창의성 퇴보 우려
교육의 질이 퇴보하다

Technology

기술적 퇴보
성능이 퇴보하다
버전 업그레이드 후 퇴보
혁신 없는 퇴보

Politics/Society

민주주의의 퇴보
인권의 퇴보
시대적 퇴보
의식의 퇴보

Sports

기량이 퇴보하다
경기력이 퇴보하다
체력의 퇴보
팀의 퇴보

Business

경쟁력이 퇴보하다
매출의 퇴보
시장 점유율 퇴보
경영 방식의 퇴보

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"요즘 기술이 너무 발전해서 오히려 인간의 능력이 퇴보하는 것 같지 않나요?"

"오랫동안 영어를 안 썼더니 실력이 너무 퇴보해서 걱정이에요."

"이 영화의 후속편은 전편보다 연출이 훨씬 퇴보한 것 같아요."

"우리 회사가 경쟁력을 잃고 퇴보하지 않으려면 무엇을 해야 할까요?"

"정치적으로 퇴보하는 상황을 막으려면 시민들이 어떻게 해야 할까요?"

موضوعات نگارش

최근에 자신의 실력이 퇴보했다고 느낀 적이 있나요? 그 이유는 무엇인가요?

기술의 발전이 항상 인류에게 진보만을 가져다줄까요, 아니면 퇴보를 가져올 수도 있을까요?

과거에 비해 우리 사회가 퇴보했다고 느껴지는 부분이 있다면 무엇인지 적어보세요.

퇴보하지 않고 계속해서 발전하기 위해 당신이 실천하고 있는 노력은 무엇인가요?

어떤 분야에서 '퇴보'가 가장 위험하다고 생각하는지 그 이유와 함께 서술하세요.

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Yes, but it sounds very formal. Usually, Koreans say '성적이 떨어졌다' (grades dropped). Use '퇴보하다' if you want to emphasize that your overall academic ability has regressed significantly.

Think of '후퇴' as moving your feet backward (physical) and '퇴보' as your skill level moving backward (qualitative). An army '후퇴's from a battle, but their technology might '퇴보' over years of neglect.

Yes, it always implies a loss of progress or quality. There is no positive way to '퇴보'.

You can say '기술이 퇴보하고 있다'. This is a common phrase in tech critiques when new products lack features of old ones.

It is better to use '인격이 타락하다' (character is corrupted) or '도덕성이 퇴보하다' (morality regressed). '퇴보' is common for abstract social qualities.

It's not extremely common in casual daily chat. It's more likely to be heard in a debate, a news report, or a serious discussion about one's future.

The causative form is '퇴보시키다', which means 'to cause something to regress'. For example, '스트레스가 업무 효율을 퇴보시킨다'.

Yes, the noun form is '퇴보' (regression). You can use it in phrases like '퇴보의 원인' (cause of regression).

Yes, you can say '건강이 퇴보하다', but '악화되다' (worsen) is much more common for medical conditions.

The most direct opposites are '발전하다' (to develop) and '진보하다' (to progress).

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