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A1 verb 5 دقیقه مطالعه

후퇴하다

Q: What's the basic meaning of 후퇴하다?

후퇴하다 (hutoehada) primarily means 'to retreat' or 'to move back'. Think of it like a planned, organized movement backward, often in a military context.

Q: What's the difference between 후퇴하다 and 도망가다?

That's a good question! 도망가다 (domanggada) means 'to run away' or 'to escape', often implying panic or fear. 후퇴하다 is more about a strategic or organized withdrawal, not necessarily fleeing in fear.

Q: How do I conjugate 후퇴하다 in the present tense?

In the polite present tense (해요 form), it becomes 후퇴해요 (hutoehaeyo) . For the informal present tense (반말), it's 후퇴해 (hutoehae) .

Q: What's an example of using 후퇴하다 in a sentence?

Here's one: 적군은 결국 후퇴했습니다. (Jeokguneun gyeolguk hutoehaetseumnida.) This means 'The enemy ultimately retreated.'

Q: Is there a noun form of 후퇴하다?

Yes, there is! The noun form is 후퇴 (hutoe) , which simply means 'retreat' or 'withdrawal'. You can often see it used with 하다 to form the verb.

Q: How does 후퇴하다 compare to 물러나다?

They are quite similar! 물러나다 (mulleonada) also means 'to retreat' or 'to step back'. 후퇴하다 often carries a stronger connotation of a deliberate, organized military or strategic withdrawal, while 물러나다 can be a bit more general, like stepping back from a position or role.

When you hear 후퇴하다 (hutoehada), think about moving backward or pulling away from something. It's often used in a military context, like when soldiers retreat from a fight. So, if a general says "후퇴해라!" (hutoehaera!), it means "Retreat!"

But you can also use it in a more general sense when things are not going well and you need to step back. For example, if a plan isn't working, you might need to 후퇴하다 and try a different approach. It’s about withdrawing from a situation, usually because of difficulty or a lack of progress. You won't hear it in everyday casual conversations too often unless it's for dramatic effect or talking about a strategic withdrawal.

When you're discussing actions involving movement away from something, especially in situations like battles or strategic maneuvers, 후퇴하다 is the verb you'll want to use. It directly translates to 'to retreat' or 'to fall back.' This term is quite common in military contexts, but it can also be used metaphorically in everyday conversations to describe a withdrawal or backing down from a position.

For example, if a team decides to abandon a certain strategy, you could say they '후퇴했다' from that plan. Similarly, if a company decides to pull out of a market, that could also be described using 후퇴하다. While it often implies a strategic or tactical withdrawal, it can also describe a more general act of moving backward.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

§ Understanding 후퇴하다 in Daily Life

The Korean word 후퇴하다 (hoo-twe-ha-da) means 'to retreat' or 'to withdraw'. While it might sound like a word you'd only hear in a historical drama about war, it's actually used in a variety of everyday contexts in Korea. It's a useful word to know, especially if you want to understand news, business discussions, or even some casual conversations. Let's look at how and where you might encounter this verb.

§ 후퇴하다 in the News

You'll often see 후퇴하다 in news reports, particularly when talking about military situations, natural disasters, or even economic trends. It describes a movement backward, often implying a loss or a strategic withdrawal.

DEFINITION: To move back or withdraw, especially from a battle; to retreat.

적군이 산으로 후퇴했습니다. (The enemy retreated to the mountain.)

태풍은 북쪽으로 후퇴하고 있습니다. (The typhoon is retreating to the north.)

In these examples, you can see how 후퇴하다 is used literally to describe a physical movement backward. It's often used in formal news reporting, so recognizing it will help you grasp the meaning of headlines and reports.

§ At Work: Business and Economy

In a business or economic context, 후퇴하다 can describe a decline or a setback. It's common to hear it when discussing market trends, sales figures, or a company's performance.

경제 성장률이 후퇴했습니다. (The economic growth rate has retreated/declined.)

주식 시장이 전반적으로 후퇴하는 분위기입니다. (The stock market is generally in a retreating mood/decline.)

Here, 후퇴하다 isn't about physical movement but rather a metaphorical one, indicating a negative trend or a step backward. If you work in business or finance, you'll definitely come across this usage.

§ In Everyday Conversation (Less Common but Possible)

While not as common in casual conversation as in news or business, you might still hear 후퇴하다 used to describe a personal withdrawal or a step back from a situation, often when someone is giving up or changing their mind after facing difficulties.

그는 그 계획에서 후퇴하기로 결정했습니다. (He decided to retreat from that plan.)

더 이상 싸우지 않고 후퇴하는 것이 현명합니다. (It is wise to retreat instead of fighting further.)

In these cases, it implies a more deliberate and significant withdrawal than just 'giving up'. It suggests a strategic decision to step back from a challenging situation.

§ Key Takeaways for 후퇴하다

Formal Usage: Mostly found in news, official reports, and business contexts.
Meaning: Primarily 'to retreat' or 'to withdraw', but can also mean 'to decline' or 'to suffer a setback' metaphorically.
Connotation: Often carries a sense of strategic movement backward, often due to unfavorable conditions.

By understanding these common scenarios, you'll be better equipped to understand and interpret Korean spoken and written content. Keep practicing, and you'll soon recognize 후퇴하다 naturally in its various contexts!

§ Don't Confuse with General 'Go Back'

Many beginners might think that since 후퇴하다 means 'to retreat' or 'move back,' it can be used for any situation where someone goes back. However, 후퇴하다 has a specific nuance of a strategic or forced withdrawal, often in a negative context like a battle, an argument, or a difficult situation.

For example, if you want to say you went back home, you would use 돌아가다 (doragada) or 집에 가다 (jibe gada), not 후퇴하다. 후퇴하다 implies a more significant, often reluctant, movement backward from a position or goal.

집으로 돌아갔어요. (I went back home.)

전쟁에서 군대가 후퇴했어요. (The army retreated in the war.)

See the difference? One is a simple return, the other is a strategic withdrawal.

§ Misusing in Casual Conversations

Using 후퇴하다 in a casual setting where a simpler verb would suffice can sound overly dramatic or even out of place. Imagine saying, "I retreated from the kitchen after burning the toast." It sounds a bit much, right?

토스트를 태워서 주방에서 도망쳤어요. (I escaped from the kitchen after burning the toast.)

Here, 도망치다 (domangchida - to run away/escape) or simply 나갔어요 (nagasseoyo - I went out) would be more natural. 후퇴하다 implies a formal, often military-like action. While it can be used metaphorically, it's typically for situations that feel like a 'battle' or a 'struggle.'

Common Misuse: 집에 가기 싫어서 후퇴했어요. (I retreated because I didn't want to go home.) - *Sounds awkward.*

Correct Usage: 집에 가기 싫어서 버텼어요. (I resisted/held out because I didn't want to go home.) - *More natural.*

§ Not for Simple Physical Backing Up

If you need to tell someone to step back physically, like to make space, you wouldn't use 후퇴하다. That would be 너무 formal and incorrect. Instead, you'd use 물러서다 (mulloseoda) or 뒤로 가다 (dwiro gada).

Incorrect for physical backing: 좀 후퇴하세요. (Please retreat a bit.) - *This would sound like you're telling them to strategically withdraw, not just step back.*

Correct for physical backing: 좀 물러서세요. (Please step back a bit.)

물러서다 (mulloseoda): To step back, withdraw (physically, or from a position in an argument).
뒤로 가다 (dwiro gada): To go backward.

So, while the English 'retreat' can sometimes mean to simply move back, in Korean, 후퇴하다 is much more specific to a formal or significant withdrawal.

نکته جالب

Many Korean words related to military actions or formal movements are derived from Sino-Korean characters, reflecting historical influences.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK [hu.tʰwe.ha.da]

US [hu.tʰwe.ha.da]

short

هم‌قافیه با

The '하다' ending is very common in Korean verbs and can be found in many other words like '공부하다' (to study), '운동하다' (to exercise), and '사랑하다' (to love).

خطاهای رایج

Beginners often struggle with the 'ㅜ' (u) sound, which is like 'oo' in 'moon', and the 'ㅚ' (oe) sound, similar to 'we' in 'west'.
The 'ㅎ' (h) sound can be tricky; it's often a soft breathy sound, not a strong 'h' as in English.
Ensure you differentiate between 'ㅐ' (ae) and 'ㅔ' (e) as they can sound similar to English speakers. In 후퇴하다, '하' has a simple 'a' sound.

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

적군이 후퇴하다.

The enemy retreats.

Simple present tense.

우리는 후퇴해야 한다.

We must retreat.

-야 한다 (must/should) expresses obligation.

경찰이 범인에게서 후퇴했다.

The police withdrew from the criminal.

-에게서 (from a person/animal) indicates the source.

군대는 산으로 후퇴했습니다.

The army retreated to the mountain.

-으로 (to/toward) indicates direction.

그는 약속에서 후퇴하지 않았다.

He did not back down from the promise.

부정문 (negative sentence) using -지 않았다.

우리가 후퇴하면 안 돼요.

We shouldn't retreat.

-면 안 돼요 (shouldn't) expresses prohibition.

적들이 멀리 후퇴했습니다.

The enemies retreated far away.

멀리 (far) is an adverb modifying the verb.

빨리 후퇴하세요!

Retreat quickly!

-(으)세요 (please do) is a polite command.

نکات

Basic Meaning of 후퇴하다

후퇴하다 (hu-toe-ha-da) literally means 'to retreat' or 'to fall back.' Think of it as moving away from something, usually in a controlled manner.

Common Use in Military Contexts

You'll often hear 후퇴하다 in military or strategic discussions. For example, '군대가 후퇴했다' means 'The army retreated.'

Use Beyond Battles

While common in war contexts, 후퇴하다 can also be used metaphorically. Imagine a plan or an idea that isn't working out, and you decide to 'retreat' from it.

Similar English Words

Think of English words like withdraw, fall back, or pull back. These capture the essence of 후퇴하다.

The '하다' Verb Ending

Notice the 하다 ending. This is a very common verb ending in Korean, turning many nouns into verbs. Learning this pattern will help you with many other words.

Conjugating 후퇴하다

For present tense, it's 후퇴해요 (hu-toe-hae-yo) or 후퇴합니다 (hu-toe-ham-ni-da). For past tense, 후퇴했어요 (hu-toe-haet-sseo-yo) or 후퇴했습니다 (hu-toe-haet-sseum-ni-da).

Example Sentence 1

경찰은 위험한 상황에서 후퇴해야 했다. (The police had to retreat from the dangerous situation.)

Example Sentence 2

그들은 계획을 후퇴시키고 다시 생각하기로 결정했다. (They decided to retreat from the plan and rethink it.)

Don't Confuse with '돌아가다'

While both involve moving back, 후퇴하다 implies a strategic or necessary withdrawal, whereas 돌아가다 (to go back/return) is more general, like going home.

Practice with Different Contexts

Try to create your own sentences using 후퇴하다 in both military and everyday scenarios to solidify your understanding. Think of when you might need to pull back from something.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a **HOO**t owl saying '**TWAE**t' as it flies **back**wards, symbolizing a **retreat**.

تداعی تصویری

Picture a group of soldiers marching backward, away from a battle, looking over their shoulders. Visualize the word '후퇴하다' written in big letters above them, reinforcing the idea of moving back or retreating.

شبکه واژگان

도망치다 (to run away) 철수하다 (to withdraw) 물러나다 (to step back) 포기하다 (to give up) 퇴각하다 (to withdraw from battle)

چالش

Think about a time you had to 'retreat' from a difficult situation or a bad idea. How would you describe that using '후퇴하다' in a simple Korean sentence? For example, '나는 어려운 상황에서 후퇴했다.' (I retreated from a difficult situation.)

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Korean (한자어)

معنای اصلی: 후 (後) meaning 'back, behind' + 퇴 (退) meaning 'to retreat, withdraw'

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

In Korean, '후퇴하다' is most commonly used in military contexts or when discussing a strategic withdrawal. While it literally means to retreat, it can also be used metaphorically to describe backing down from a position or idea, although this is less common than its literal use. It carries a sense of organized movement rather than a panicked flight.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

후퇴하다 (hutoehada) primarily means 'to retreat' or 'to move back'. Think of it like a planned, organized movement backward, often in a military context.

While it can mean 'to move back', it's quite strong. For just 'backing away' from a small space, you'd probably use something simpler like 뒤로 가다 (dwiro gada). 후퇴하다 implies a more significant withdrawal.

No, not always! While it's very common in military contexts, you can also use it metaphorically. For example, a company might 'retreat' from a market, or an idea might 'retreat' from public favor.

That's a good question! 도망가다 (domanggada) means 'to run away' or 'to escape', often implying panic or fear. 후퇴하다 is more about a strategic or organized withdrawal, not necessarily fleeing in fear.

In the polite present tense (해요 form), it becomes 후퇴해요 (hutoehaeyo). For the informal present tense (반말), it's 후퇴해 (hutoehae).

You could, but it might sound a bit dramatic! For 'stepping back from an argument', you might prefer 물러서다 (mulleoseoda) or even just 포기하다 (pogihada) meaning 'to give up'.

Here's one: 적군은 결국 후퇴했습니다. (Jeokguneun gyeolguk hutoehaetseumnida.) This means 'The enemy ultimately retreated.'

Yes, there is! The noun form is 후퇴 (hutoe), which simply means 'retreat' or 'withdrawal'. You can often see it used with 하다 to form the verb.

Not really in a personal setback sense. For 'giving up on a goal', 포기하다 (pogihada) is much more appropriate. 후퇴하다 is typically for a more physical or strategic withdrawal.

They are quite similar! 물러나다 (mulleonada) also means 'to retreat' or 'to step back'. 후퇴하다 often carries a stronger connotation of a deliberate, organized military or strategic withdrawal, while 물러나다 can be a bit more general, like stepping back from a position or role.

خودت رو بسنج 36 سوال

fill blank A1

군인들은 적을 보고 ___ (retreat).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 후퇴했다

The soldiers retreated after seeing the enemy.

fill blank A1

우리는 산에서 너무 힘들어 ___ (move back).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 후퇴했다

We were so tired on the mountain that we moved back.

fill blank A1

게임에서 지고 있어서 ___ (withdraw).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 후퇴했다

We were losing the game, so we withdrew.

fill blank A1

날씨가 너무 추워서 밖에서 ___ (retreat).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 후퇴했다

It was too cold, so we retreated indoors.

fill blank A1

도서관에서 시끄러워서 조용한 곳으로 ___ (move back).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 후퇴했다

It was noisy in the library, so we moved back to a quiet place.

fill blank A1

강아지가 무서워서 천천히 ___ (withdraw).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 후퇴했다

The dog was scary, so we slowly withdrew.

writing A1

Write a short sentence about someone having to go back inside because it started raining. Use '후퇴하다'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

پاسخ نمونه

비가 와서 집으로 후퇴했어요.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

writing A1

Imagine you are playing a game and your team has to fall back. Write a simple sentence using '후퇴하다'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

پاسخ نمونه

우리 팀이 후퇴해야 해요.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

writing A1

Write a sentence about a small animal quickly moving back from something scary. Use '후퇴하다'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

پاسخ نمونه

작은 동물이 무서워서 후퇴했어요.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

reading A1

아이들은 왜 후퇴했어요?

این متن را بخوانید:

아이들이 공원에서 놀고 있었어요. 갑자기 큰 개가 나타났어요. 아이들은 무서워서 빨리 집으로 후퇴했어요.

아이들은 왜 후퇴했어요?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 개가 나타나서

The children retreated because a big dog appeared.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 개가 나타나서

The children retreated because a big dog appeared.

reading A1

제가 산에서 후퇴한 이유는 무엇인가요?

این متن را بخوانید:

저는 산에 갔어요. 날씨가 갑자기 나빠졌어요. 비가 많이 와서 저는 다시 산 아래로 후퇴했어요.

제가 산에서 후퇴한 이유는 무엇인가요?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 날씨가 나빠져서

The speaker retreated from the mountain because the weather got bad.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 날씨가 나빠져서

The speaker retreated from the mountain because the weather got bad.

reading A1

이 문단에서 '후퇴했어요'는 무슨 의미인가요?

این متن را بخوانید:

친구와 저는 게임을 했어요. 상대방 팀이 너무 강했어요. 우리는 이길 수 없어서 조금 후퇴했어요.

이 문단에서 '후퇴했어요'는 무슨 의미인가요?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 뒤로 물러났어요

In this context, '후퇴했어요' means to fall back or withdraw, not to win or move forward.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 뒤로 물러났어요

In this context, '후퇴했어요' means to fall back or withdraw, not to win or move forward.

fill blank B2

적군은 우리 부대의 강력한 공격에 ___ 했다.