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A1 adjective #2,000 پرکاربردترین 7 دقیقه مطالعه

선명하다

seonmyeonghada
At the A1 level, you only need to know that '선명하다' means 'clear' or 'sharp' for things you see. Think about your TV or a photo on your phone. If the picture is good and not blurry, you can say '선명해요'. It's a useful word when you are shopping for electronics or looking at pictures with friends. You can use it simply: '사진이 선명해요' (The photo is clear). Focus on the visual aspect first. It's like saying 'high quality' for an image. Don't worry about the abstract meanings yet. Just remember it as the opposite of 'blurry'. You might also see it in basic weather descriptions, like when the sun is out and you can see everything well. It's a positive word!
At the A2 level, you can start using '선명하다' to describe colors and more detailed visual experiences. You might say '빨간색이 정말 선명해요' (The red color is very vivid). You can also use the adverb form '선명하게' with verbs like '보이다' (to be seen). For example, '안경을 쓰면 선명하게 보여요' (If I wear glasses, I can see clearly). You are beginning to understand that it's not just about 'good' pictures, but about the 'vividness' of what you see. You might also encounter it in simple stories describing a beautiful scene or a bright morning. Start practicing the noun-modifying form: '선명한 색깔' (vivid colors) or '선명한 사진' (a clear photo). This will help you build more descriptive sentences.
At the B1 level, you should expand '선명하다' to include mental images and memories. This is a very common way Koreans use the word. You can say '그날의 기억이 선명해요' (The memory of that day is vivid). This means you remember it very well, as if it happened yesterday. You can also use it to describe the contrast between things. For instance, '두 그림의 차이가 선명합니다' (The difference between the two paintings is clear). You should be comfortable using it in various speech levels, from '선명해' with friends to '선명합니다' in a presentation. You'll start noticing this word in news reports about technology or in literature when an author describes a character's striking appearance.
At the B2 level, you can use '선명하다' in more abstract and professional contexts. It's often used to describe clear distinctions in logic, policy, or social trends. For example, '찬성과 반대의 입장이 선명하게 갈렸다' (The positions of pros and cons were clearly divided). Here, it's not about seeing with eyes, but about a clear conceptual boundary. You should also understand its nuances compared to '뚜렷하다' and '분명하다'. While '분명하다' is for facts, '선명하다' adds a layer of 'vividness' or 'strikingness' to the clarity. In a business meeting, you might describe a '선명한 비전' (vivid vision) for the company. Your usage should show that you understand how the word conveys both high resolution and high impact.
At the C1 level, you should appreciate the poetic and rhetorical power of '선명하다'. It's used in literary criticism to describe '선명한 묘사' (vivid description) that brings a scene to life for the reader. You can use it to describe complex emotions or philosophical clarity. For instance, '죽음 앞에서 삶의 의미가 선명해졌다' (In the face of death, the meaning of life became clear). You should be able to use it to describe subtle nuances in art, such as the '선명한 대비' (vivid contrast) of light and shadow in a Caravaggio painting. Your ability to use the word should reflect a deep understanding of its Hanja roots and its ability to evoke a strong, clear mental or visual impression in your audience.
At the C2 level, '선명하다' becomes a tool for precise and sophisticated expression. You might use it in academic writing to discuss '선명한 이데올로기적 균열' (clear ideological rifts) within a society. You can navigate the finest distinctions between it and its synonyms in any context. You might use it metaphorically to describe a person's character or a historical period that stands out with '선명한 색채' (vivid colors/character). At this level, you are not just using the word; you are using it to create specific atmospheric effects in your writing or speaking. You understand its role in the history of Korean aesthetics, where clarity and vividness are often prized in both nature and art. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

선명하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Used for visual clarity like 4K screens or sharp photos.
  • Describes vivid colors that stand out and look fresh.
  • Applies to memories that remain clear and detailed over time.
  • Commonly used in tech, art, and emotional storytelling.

The Korean adjective 선명하다 (Seon-myeong-ha-da) is a cornerstone of descriptive Korean, primarily used to describe visual clarity. At its core, it combines the Hanja characters 鮮 (선 - fresh/vivid) and 明 (명 - bright/clear). When you look at a 4K television screen, the image isn't just 'good'; it is 선명하다. This word captures that specific sensation of seeing something without any blurriness, haze, or interference. It is the difference between a foggy morning and a crisp, sunny afternoon where every leaf on a tree is visible from a distance.

Visual Resolution
Used to describe high-quality images, photographs, and digital displays. If a photo is sharp and the details are easy to pick out, it is 선명하다.
Color Saturation
Used when colors are bright, deep, and distinct. A rainbow after a storm or a freshly painted red wall can be described as having 선명한 색깔 (vivid colors).
Mental Clarity
Beyond the physical, it describes memories or thoughts. A 'vivid memory' of childhood is a 선명한 기억. It implies the memory hasn't faded with time.

이 사진은 색감이 정말 선명하네요. (The colors in this photo are truly vivid.)

In daily life, Koreans use this word to express satisfaction with quality. When buying a new phone, the salesperson might highlight how 선명하다 the OLED screen is. When hiking, you might look at the horizon and remark on how 선명하다 the mountain peaks are today because the fine dust (미세먼지) is low. It conveys a sense of freshness and precision that words like '좋다' (good) or '밝다' (bright) cannot fully capture on their own.

어릴 적 기억이 아직도 선명합니다. (My childhood memories are still vivid.)

Furthermore, the word is used in technical fields. In medicine, an X-ray or MRI result must be 선명하다 for a correct diagnosis. In printing, the ink must be applied so that the text is 선명하다 and readable. It is a word of high standards and clarity.

Using 선명하다 correctly involves understanding its role as a descriptive verb (adjective) and how it transforms into an adverb. Because it ends in -하다, it follows standard conjugation patterns. Whether you are speaking formally or informally, the root remains the same, but the ending changes to match the social context.

Present Tense Conjugation
Informal Polite: 선명해요 (Seon-myeong-hae-yo)
Formal Polite: 선명합니다 (Seon-myeong-hap-ni-da)
Plain/Written: 선명하다 (Seon-myeong-ha-da)
Adjective Form (Noun Modifying)
To describe a noun directly, use 선명한. For example: 선명한 사진 (a clear photo), 선명한 기억 (a vivid memory).
Adverbial Form
To describe an action, use 선명하게. For example: 선명하게 보이다 (to be seen clearly), 선명하게 그리다 (to draw vividly).

안경을 쓰니까 세상이 선명하게 보여요. (Since I put on glasses, the world looks clear.)

When you want to emphasize the degree of clarity, you can pair it with adverbs like 무척 (extremely), 아주 (very), or 정말 (really). In a sentence like '화질이 아주 선명하다', you are praising the high quality of the picture. It is also common to use it in the negative form: '선명하지 않다' (not clear/blurry). If a video call is lagging and the image is pixelated, you would say '화면이 선명하지 않아요'.

이 텔레비전은 화질이 정말 선명하네요! (The picture quality of this TV is really clear!)

In more advanced usage, you might see it used to describe the contrast between two things. '두 사람의 차이가 선명하다' means the difference between the two people is distinct and obvious. This metaphorical use is very common in news reports and essays where clear distinctions need to be made.

You will encounter 선명하다 in a variety of real-world scenarios in Korea, ranging from high-tech shopping malls to emotional conversations. It is a word that bridges the gap between technical specification and poetic description.

Electronics Stores (Best Buy/Samsung Store style)
Salespeople will constantly use '선명한 화질' (clear picture quality) to sell TVs, monitors, and smartphones. It is the key selling point for any display technology.
Art Galleries and Museums
Guides might describe the '선명한 색채' (vivid colors) used by an artist like Van Gogh or a modern digital artist. It highlights the vibrancy of the work.
Weather Forecasts
On days with low pollution, meteorologists might say, '오늘은 가시거리가 길어 산의 능선이 선명하게 보입니다' (Today the visibility is long, so the mountain ridges are clearly visible).

새로 산 카메라로 찍으니까 사진이 훨씬 선명해요. (Since I took it with my new camera, the photo is much clearer.)

In K-Dramas, you might hear a character say, '그날의 기억이 아직도 너무 선명해' (The memory of that day is still so vivid). This is usually a pivotal moment where a character recalls a traumatic or beautiful event from the past. The word adds an emotional weight, suggesting that the memory hasn't blurred with time. In music, lyrics often use '선명하다' to describe a loved one's face or a dream that felt real.

무지개가 아주 선명하게 떴어요! (A rainbow appeared very vividly!)

Finally, in professional settings, during a presentation, a colleague might ask, '글씨가 선명하게 보이나요?' (Can you see the text clearly?). This is a common way to check if the projector is focused or if the font size is large enough for the audience.

While 선명하다 is a versatile word, learners often confuse it with other 'clear' words in Korean. Understanding these nuances will make your Korean sound much more natural and precise.

Confusing with '맑다' (Mak-da)
'맑다' is used for transparency (clear water, clear sky, clear voice). '선명하다' is for resolution and vividness. You wouldn't say the water is '선명하다' unless you are talking about the clarity of an image of water.
Confusing with '깨끗하다' (Kkae-kkeut-ha-da)
'깨끗하다' means clean or pure. While a 'clean' image might be '선명하다', '깨끗하다' focuses on the absence of dirt or noise, whereas '선명하다' focuses on the sharpness of the details.
Overusing for Sound
For clear sounds or voices, '또렷하다' or '잘 들리다' is more common. While you can use '선명하다' for high-fidelity audio (선명한 음질), in casual conversation about hearing someone, it's less common.

틀린 예: 물이 아주 선명해요. (X) -> 물이 아주 맑아요. (O)

Another mistake is using '선명하다' when you mean 'obvious' in a logical sense. While '분명하다' (Bun-myeong-ha-da) means 'clear/obvious' regarding facts or truths, '선명하다' is more about the physical or mental 'image'. If you are sure about a fact, use '분명하다'. If you can see the lines and colors clearly, use '선명하다'.

틀린 예: 이유가 선명해요. (X) -> 이유가 분명해요. (O)

Lastly, pay attention to the particles. When saying 'The picture is clear', use '사진이 선명하다'. When saying 'I see it clearly', use '선명하게 보인다'. Mixing up the adjective and adverb forms is a common beginner error.

Korean has a rich vocabulary for 'clarity'. Understanding how 선명하다 compares to its synonyms will help you choose the perfect word for every situation.

또렷하다 (Tto-ryeot-ha-da)
This is very close to 선명하다 but often emphasizes the 'distinctness' of boundaries or sounds. It's used for clear speech (발음이 또렷하다) or facial features (이목구비가 또렷하다).
분명하다 (Bun-myeong-ha-da)
This means 'clear' in terms of certainty or logic. 'It is clear that he is lying' would use 분명하다. It's about being 'evident' rather than 'vivid'.
뚜렷하다 (Ttu-ryeot-ha-da)
Similar to 또렷하다, but often used for trends, differences, or goals. 'A clear difference' (뚜렷한 차이) or 'A clear goal' (뚜렷한 목표).

비교:
1. 색이 선명하다 (The color is vivid/sharp).
2. 발음이 또렷하다 (The pronunciation is distinct).
3. 사실이 분명하다 (The fact is clear/evident).

When choosing between these, ask yourself: 'Am I talking about how it looks (선명하다), how it sounds/stands out (또렷하다), or how certain it is (분명하다)?' This simple check will prevent most errors. Additionally, '밝다' (bright) is often a precursor to '선명하다'. A screen must be bright enough to be clear, but a bright screen isn't always clear if the resolution is low.

그의 목표는 아주 뚜렷해요. (His goal is very clear/distinct.)

In summary, use 선명하다 when you want to emphasize the vividness and sharpness of visual or mental images. It is the 'HD' of the Korean language.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

""

غیر رسمی

""

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

사진이 정말 선명해요.

The photo is really clear.

선명하다 + -아요/어요

2

TV 화면이 선명합니다.

The TV screen is clear.

Formal polite ending -습니다

3

색깔이 아주 선명해요.

The colors are very vivid.

Adverb '아주' (very) used for emphasis

4

선명한 사진을 좋아해요.

I like clear photos.

Noun-modifying form: 선명한 + Noun

5

글씨가 선명하지 않아요.

The text is not clear.

Negative form: -지 않다

6

이것은 선명한 빨간색이에요.

This is a vivid red color.

Adjective modifying the noun '빨간색'

7

하늘이 선명하게 보여요.

The sky looks clear.

Adverbial form: 선명하게 + 보이다

8

카메라가 선명해요.

The camera (image) is clear.

Describing the quality of the device's output

1

안경을 쓰니 세상이 선명해요.

The world is clear now that I'm wearing glasses.

-으니 (because/since) connective

2

무지개가 선명하게 떴어요.

A vivid rainbow appeared.

선명하게 (adverb) modifying 떴다 (appeared)

3

선명한 파란색 옷을 샀어요.

I bought vivid blue clothes.

선명한 (adjective) modifying '파란색 옷'

4

이 지도는 길이 선명하게 나와 있어요.

The roads are clearly shown on this map.

-게 나와 있다 (is shown/appears as)

5

어제 본 영화는 화질이 선명했어요.

The movie I saw yesterday had clear picture quality.

Past tense: 선명했다

6

꽃의 색깔이 참 선명하네요.

The colors of the flowers are so vivid.

-네요 (exclamatory ending)

7

칠판 글씨가 선명하게 안 보여요.

I can't see the writing on the chalkboard clearly.

Negative adverbial usage

8

바다 건너 산이 선명해요.

The mountains across the sea are clear.

Describing visibility

1

그날의 기억이 아직도 선명합니다.

The memory of that day is still vivid.

Metaphorical use for memory

2

두 사람의 성격 차이가 선명해요.

The difference in personality between the two is clear.

Abstract use for 'difference'

3

꿈이 너무 선명해서 진짜 같았어요.

The dream was so vivid it felt real.

-아서/어서 (because) connective

4

선명한 목표를 세우는 것이 중요해요.

It is important to set a clear goal.

Abstract use for 'goal'

5

이 약을 먹으면 정신이 선명해져요.

If you take this medicine, your mind becomes clear.

-아/어지다 (to become)

6

작가의 의도가 선명하게 드러나 있어요.

The author's intention is clearly revealed.

Passive construction '드러나 있다'

7

그녀의 목소리가 귓가에 선명해요.

Her voice is vivid in my ears.

Auditory memory

8

선명한 인상을 남기는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to leave a vivid impression.

Social/Professional context

1

찬반 의견이 선명하게 대립하고 있습니다.

Pros and cons are in clear opposition.

Formal/News register

2

디지털 기술로 더 선명한 영상을 즐길 수 있습니다.

You can enjoy clearer video with digital technology.

Technological context

3

과거와 현재의 대비가 선명한 작품입니다.

It is a work where the contrast between past and present is vivid.

Artistic criticism

4

그의 발언은 선명한 정치적 메시지를 담고 있다.

His remarks contain a clear political message.

Written/Formal style

5

해상도가 높을수록 이미지가 선명해집니다.

The higher the resolution, the clearer the image becomes.

-을수록 (the more... the more...)

6

그 사건은 우리 사회에 선명한 상처를 남겼다.

That incident left a vivid scar on our society.

Metaphorical/Societal context

7

선명한 색채 대비가 이 건물의 특징입니다.

Vivid color contrast is the characteristic of this building.

Architectural description

8

그의 논리는 선명하고 설득력이 있었다.

His logic was clear and persuasive.

Logical/Academic context

1

작가는 시대의 아픔을 선명하게 묘사했다.

The author vividly depicted the pain of the era.

Literary analysis

2

빛과 어둠의 경계가 선명한 새벽이었다.

It was a dawn where the boundary between light and dark was distinct.

Descriptive/Poetic prose

3

그의 눈빛에는 선명한 살기가 느껴졌다.

A clear murderous intent was felt in his eyes.

Nuanced emotional description

4

현대 사회의 모순이 선명하게 부각되고 있다.

The contradictions of modern society are being clearly highlighted.

Sociological discourse

5

기억의 파편들이 모여 선명한 그림을 완성했다.

Fragments of memory gathered to complete a vivid picture.

Metaphorical/Narrative

6

선명한 주제 의식이 돋보이는 영화입니다.

It is a movie where a clear thematic consciousness stands out.

Film criticism

7

그의 문체는 선명하고 간결한 것이 특징이다.

His writing style is characterized by being vivid and concise.

Stylistic analysis

8

전통과 현대가 선명한 조화를 이루고 있다.

Tradition and modernity are achieving a vivid harmony.

Cultural synthesis

1

존재의 본질에 대한 선명한 통찰을 제시한다.

It presents a clear insight into the essence of existence.

Philosophical register

2

역사의 소용돌이 속에서도 선명한 발자취를 남겼다.

He left a clear footprint even in the whirlpool of history.

Historical/Idiomatic

3

감각의 선명함이 극에 달하는 순간이었다.

It was a moment when the vividness of the senses reached its peak.

Phenomenological description

4

이데올로기의 선명성이 오히려 독이 될 수 있다.

The clarity (sharpness) of ideology can rather become a poison.

Political theory

5

무의식의 세계가 선명한 상징으로 나타났다.

The world of the unconscious appeared as vivid symbols.

Psychological analysis

6

그의 예술 세계는 선명한 독창성을 지니고 있다.

His artistic world possesses a vivid originality.

High-level art critique

7

언어의 한계를 넘어선 선명한 직관의 영역이다.

It is a realm of vivid intuition that transcends the limits of language.

Metaphysical discourse

8

현실과 환상의 경계가 선명하게 허물어졌다.

The boundary between reality and fantasy was vividly broken down.

Literary/Post-modernist

ترکیب‌های رایج

화질이 선명하다
색깔이 선명하다
기억이 선명하다
인상이 선명하다
대비가 선명하다
경계가 선명하다
목표가 선명하다
글씨가 선명하다
화면이 선명하다
자국이 선명하다

عبارات رایج

선명하게 보이다

선명하게 기억나다

선명한 대조를 이루다

선명한 인상을 주다

선명한 색채

선명한 화질

선명한 꿈

선명한 자국

선명한 차이

선명한 목소리

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

선명하다 vs 맑다 (Transparency)

선명하다 vs 깨끗하다 (Cleanliness)

선명하다 vs 분명하다 (Certainty)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

선명하다 vs

선명하다 vs

선명하다 vs

선명하다 vs

선명하다 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

خانواده کلمه

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

visual priority

Always prioritize visual or mental images over sounds or transparency.

positive connotation

Usually carries a positive nuance of high quality or strength.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using it for transparent liquids.
  • Using it for certain facts (use 분명하다).
  • Confusing it with '설명하다' (explain).
  • Using it for a clean room (use 깨끗하다).
  • Using the wrong particle (e.g., 사진을 선명하다 instead of 사진이 선명하다).

نکات

Pair with 화질

Always remember '선명한 화질' (clear picture quality) as a set phrase.

Adverb form

Use '선명하게' when you want to say you see or remember something clearly.

Tech context

Use it when talking about the latest gadgets in Korea.

Vivid Dreams

Use it to describe a dream that felt very real: '꿈이 선명했어요'.

Exclamations

Say '와, 진짜 선명하다!' when you see a beautiful view.

Descriptions

Use it to make your descriptions of colors more professional.

Contrast

Use it to describe a 'clear contrast' (선명한 대비).

News

Listen for it in news reports about economic or political 'differences'.

Soft 'H'

Don't over-pronounce the 'h' in '하다'; keep it natural.

Avoid for logic

Use '분명하다' for logical clarity instead of '선명하다'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'SUN' (선) that is 'BRIGHT' (명). When the sun is bright, everything is clear!

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Korean word meaning 'freshly bright'.

بافت فرهنگی

Traditional Korean art often uses '선명한' contrasts between nature and empty space.

Koreans often prioritize '화질' (picture quality) when buying gadgets, making '선명하다' a top marketing word.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"이 사진 정말 선명하지 않아요?"

"새로 산 핸드폰 화질이 어때요? 선명해요?"

"어릴 적 기억 중에 가장 선명한 게 뭐예요?"

"오늘 날씨가 좋아서 산이 정말 선명하게 보이네요."

"이 그림은 색깔이 참 선명하네요. 그렇죠?"

موضوعات نگارش

가장 선명하게 기억나는 여행지는 어디인가요?

오늘 본 것 중에 가장 선명한 색깔은 무엇이었나요?

당신의 인생 목표는 얼마나 선명한가요?

최근에 본 영화 중 화질이 가장 선명했던 것은?

꿈속에서 본 선명한 장면을 묘사해 보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, use '맑다' for water. '선명하다' is for the image or color of the water.

Yes, '뚜렷하다' is more about distinct boundaries or goals, while '선명하다' is about vividness and resolution.

It's possible for audio quality, but '또렷하다' is better for someone's speaking voice.

You say '선명한 기억'.

It's a neutral word used in both formal and informal settings.

Yes, to describe how clearly you can see distant objects.

The most common opposite is '흐릿하다' (blurry/faint).

Yes, to describe their features (이목구비) or the impression they leave.

Yes, it frequently appears in reading and listening sections.

Yes, 鮮 (fresh) and 明 (bright).

خودت رو بسنج 104 سوال

writing

Write a sentence using '선명하다' to describe a photo.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Simple A1 level sentence.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Simple A1 level sentence.

writing

Write a sentence about a vivid memory.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

B1 level metaphorical use.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

B1 level metaphorical use.

writing

Translate: 'The colors are vivid.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Basic color description.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Basic color description.

writing

Use the adverb form '선명하게' in a sentence.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Using the adverb with '보이다'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Using the adverb with '보이다'.

writing

Write a sentence comparing two things using '선명하다'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Describing a clear difference.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Describing a clear difference.

writing

Describe a TV screen using '선명하다'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Common tech context.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Common tech context.

writing

Translate: 'I have a clear goal.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Abstract use of the word.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Abstract use of the word.

speaking

Say 'The picture is clear' in formal Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Practice formal polite ending.

listening

Listen to the word: [선명하다]. What does it mean?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Aural recognition.

writing

Describe a dream you had using '선명하다'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Advanced usage for dreams.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Advanced usage for dreams.

/ 104 درست

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