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A1 verb #2,500 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

걸다

geolda
At the A1 beginner level, the verb 걸다 is introduced primarily through two highly practical and concrete daily activities: making a phone call and hanging up physical objects. The most important phrase you will learn is 전화를 걸다, which means 'to make a phone call'. You will use this constantly when talking about communicating with friends, family, or businesses. For example, '친구에게 전화를 걸어요' (I call my friend). The second critical usage is the physical act of hanging something, usually clothes. You will learn to say '옷을 옷걸이에 걸어요' (I hang clothes on a hanger). At this stage, the focus is on mastering the basic polite present tense (걸어요) and the polite past tense (걸었어요). You must also begin to recognize that 걸다 is an action verb that requires an object, so you will practice using the object particles 을 and 를. While the ㄹ-irregular conjugation rules might seem daunting, at A1, you only need to memorize the most common polite forms. You don't need to worry about the complex metaphorical meanings yet. Just focus on the physical action of hanging and the modern action of dialing a phone. These two usages alone will allow you to navigate many basic daily conversations and understand simple instructions in Korean. Practice saying these phrases aloud to get comfortable with the pronunciation of the 'ㄹ' sound at the bottom of the syllable block.
As you progress to the A2 level, your understanding of 걸다 expands beyond simple physical actions to include basic social interactions and slightly more complex grammar. You will encounter the very common phrase 말을 걸다, which means 'to initiate a conversation' or 'to speak to someone'. This is crucial for describing social situations, such as '모르는 사람이 말을 걸었어요' (A stranger spoke to me). You will also start using the honorific command form, which introduces the ㄹ-irregular rule in practice. You must learn to say '거세요' (Please hang / Please call) instead of the incorrect '걸으세요'. For example, '여기에 전화를 거세요' (Please call here). Furthermore, you will begin to clearly distinguish between the active verb 걸다 (to hang something) and its passive counterpart 걸리다 (to be hung, to take time, to catch a cold). This distinction is a major milestone in A2 grammar. You will practice sentences like '시간이 얼마나 걸려요?' (How long does it take?) and realize that you cannot use 걸다 in this context. You will also learn to use 걸다 with different grammatical structures, such as '전화를 걸고 싶어요' (I want to make a call) or '옷을 걸지 마세요' (Don't hang the clothes). By mastering these additional phrases and the active/passive difference, your ability to describe daily events and follow instructions will significantly improve.
At the B1 intermediate level, the versatility of 걸다 truly opens up, and you begin to use it in various metaphorical and mechanical contexts. You will learn phrases related to machinery and vehicles, most notably 시동을 걸다 (to start an engine). This is essential for any conversation about driving or travel. You will also learn security-related phrases like 자물쇠를 걸다 (to fasten a padlock) or 문을 걸다 (to lock/latch a door). In social contexts, the usage becomes more nuanced. You will learn 장난을 걸다 (to play a joke on someone) and 싸움을 걸다 (to pick a fight). These phrases show how 걸다 is used to describe directing an action or an intention toward another person to provoke a reaction. Grammatically, you are expected to have completely mastered the ㄹ-irregular conjugations across all forms, including noun modifiers. You should comfortably use forms like 내가 건 전화 (the call I made) or 전화를 걸면 (if you make a call). You will also start combining 걸다 with compound verb structures, such as 걸어 놓다 (to hang something up and leave it that way) or 걸어 두다. This level requires you to shift your thinking from translating word-for-word to understanding the underlying concept of 'hooking' or 'initiating' that connects all these different usages of 걸다.
Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means you are now dealing with the abstract, emotional, and high-stakes metaphorical applications of 걸다. You will frequently encounter and use expressions related to betting, risking, and expectations. Phrases like 목숨을 걸다 (to risk one's life), 돈을 걸다 (to bet money), and 내기를 걸다 (to make a bet) become part of your active vocabulary. You will also use it in professional or academic contexts to express reliance or hope, such as 기대를 걸다 (to place expectations on someone/something) or 희망을 걸다 (to pin one's hopes on). At this stage, you will also understand idiomatic uses in sports or debates, like 태클을 걸다 (to tackle / to raise an objection) or 딴지를 걸다 (to nitpick / to obstruct). Your grammatical control must be precise, seamlessly integrating these phrases into complex sentence structures expressing conditionality, concession, or cause and effect. For example, '그 프로젝트에 회사의 미래를 걸었기 때문에 실패하면 안 됩니다' (Because we staked the company's future on that project, we must not fail). You will also deeply understand the nuances between similar verbs, knowing exactly why you would choose 걸다 over 투자하다 (to invest) or 시작하다 (to start) to convey a specific emotional intensity or physical mechanism.
At the C1 advanced level, your use of 걸다 is characterized by complete fluency in its most idiomatic, culturally specific, and abstract forms. You navigate complex social dynamics using phrases like 수작을 걸다 (to make a sleazy pass at someone / to try a cheap trick) or 시비를 걸다 (to provoke a quarrel over a trivial matter). You understand the psychological applications, such as 최면을 걸다 (to hypnotize) or 암시를 걸다 (to give a psychological suggestion). In professional or formal debates, you use expressions like 제동을 걸다 (to put the brakes on / to halt a process) or 이의를 걸다 (to raise a formal objection). You are also comfortable with literary or dramatic usages found in novels or news editorials. Your command of the language allows you to play with the verb, creating novel metaphors based on the core concept of 'suspension' or 'connection'. You understand the historical and etymological roots of these expressions, allowing you to appreciate the subtle flavor they add to Korean discourse. At this level, making a mistake with the ㄹ-irregular conjugation is virtually non-existent, and you effortlessly switch between the active 걸다, the passive 걸리다, and the causative forms depending on the exact rhetorical effect you wish to achieve in your writing and speaking.
At the C2 mastery level, 걸다 is a tool you wield with native-like precision, utilizing it in highly specialized, obscure, or deeply poetic contexts. You understand regional variations, archaic usages found in historical dramas (사극), and highly specific technical jargon where 걸다 might mean applying a specific type of mechanical tension or chemical process (like 거름망에 걸다 - to filter, though etymologically distinct, it shares the form). You can effortlessly deconstruct complex compound verbs like 걷어붙이다 or 얽어매다 that share conceptual roots. You use phrases like 명운을 걸다 (to stake one's fate) in sophisticated political or economic analysis. You appreciate the subtle rhythmic and phonetic reasons why a Korean author might choose a phrase with 걸다 over a Sino-Korean equivalent to evoke a more visceral, grounded feeling in a piece of literature. Your understanding transcends mere vocabulary acquisition; you comprehend how the concept of 'hanging' and 'connecting' reflects the Korean cognitive mapping of physical space onto social and emotional relationships. You can debate the semantic boundaries of the word with native scholars and intuitively know when a novel, creative use of the verb will sound brilliant rather than unnatural.
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

걸다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Used for physically hanging objects like clothes or pictures on walls.
  • The standard verb for making a phone call (전화를 걸다).
  • Used to express initiating a conversation, a joke, or a fight.
  • Follows ㄹ-irregular rules: drops 'ㄹ' before 'ㄴ, ㅂ, ㅅ' (e.g., 거세요).

The Korean verb 걸다 is one of the most versatile, highly polysemous, and frequently used vocabulary words in the entire Korean language, acting as a foundational pillar for both literal and figurative expressions across all levels of fluency. At its most fundamental, physical level, 걸다 translates to the action of hanging something up, such as placing a piece of clothing on a hanger, suspending a picture frame on a wall, or attaching an object to a hook. This physical concept of suspension or attachment serves as the cognitive basis for its numerous metaphorical extensions. When you hang something, you are creating a connection between two objects, and this idea of connection is perfectly mirrored in its second most common usage: making a phone call (전화를 걸다). In this context, you are metaphorically 'hanging' or 'connecting' a line of communication between yourself and another person. Beyond these basic meanings, 걸다 is used to describe the initiation of an interaction or an action directed at someone else, such as speaking to someone (말을 걸다), picking a fight (싸움을 걸다), or playing a joke (장난을 걸다). Furthermore, it carries the meaning of staking, risking, or betting something of value, as seen in expressions like betting money (돈을 걸다) or risking one's life (목숨을 걸다). The verb also extends to mechanical operations, such as starting an engine (시동을 걸다) or applying a brake (브레이크를 걸다), and security actions, like locking a door or fastening a latch (자물쇠를 걸다). Understanding the vast semantic network of 걸다 is absolutely essential for mastering Korean, as it bridges the gap between simple physical actions and complex, abstract concepts.

Physical Hanging
The literal act of suspending an object from a higher point, such as clothes, pictures, or bags. This requires a target location marked by the particle 에 and the object marked by 을/를.

벽에 예쁜 그림을 걸다.

Telecommunication
The act of dialing a number and initiating a telephone conversation. This is one of the first phrases Korean learners encounter.

친구에게 전화를 걸다.

Initiating Interaction
Starting a conversation, an argument, or a playful interaction with another person, effectively 'hooking' them into an engagement.

모르는 사람이 나에게 말을 걸다.

이 게임에 내 모든 돈을 걸다.

추운 겨울 아침에 자동차 시동을 걸다.

Using the verb 걸다 correctly requires a solid understanding of Korean sentence structure, particle usage, and, crucially, the ㄹ-irregular verb conjugation rules. Because 걸다 is a transitive verb in almost all of its usages, it necessitates a direct object marked by the object particles 을 or 를. For instance, you say 옷을 (clothes) 걸다, 전화를 (phone) 걸다, or 말을 (words) 걸다. Additionally, because the action of hanging or connecting usually involves a destination or a target, the location or recipient particle 에 (to/at for inanimate objects) or 에게/한테 (to for people) is frequently employed. A standard sentence structure would be: [Subject]이/가 + [Target]에/에게 + [Object]을/를 + 걸다. The most challenging aspect for learners is mastering its conjugation. As an ㄹ-irregular verb (ㄹ 불규칙 동사), the final consonant ㄹ in the stem 걸- behaves uniquely depending on the suffix that follows it. When followed by a consonant like ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ, the ㄹ remains intact: 걸고 (and hang), 걸지 (hang, right?), 걸면 (if you hang). When followed by a vowel, it also remains intact: 걸어요 (hang - polite present), 걸었어요 (hung - polite past). However, the critical rule to remember is that when the stem is followed by suffixes beginning with ㄴ, ㅂ, or ㅅ, the ㄹ is completely dropped. Therefore, to say 'Please hang it' using the honorific -(으)세요, it becomes 거세요, not 걸으세요. To say 'I hang' in the formal polite style using -ㅂ니다, it becomes 겁니다, not 걸습니다. To say 'since I hang' using -(으)니까, it becomes 거니까. Mastering these phonetic drop rules is absolutely vital for sounding natural and grammatically correct. Furthermore, learners must carefully distinguish between the active 걸다 and its passive counterpart 걸리다. While you actively hang a picture (그림을 걸다), the picture itself is hanging on the wall (그림이 걸려 있다). While you actively make a phone call (전화를 걸다), you might catch a cold (감기에 걸리다) or a task might take time (시간이 걸리다). Understanding this active-passive dichotomy is essential for precise communication.

Present Tense Conjugation
In the polite present tense, it becomes 걸어요. In the formal present tense, the ㄹ drops, making it 겁니다.

제가 지금 바로 전화를 걸어요.

Past Tense Conjugation
In the polite past tense, it becomes 걸었어요. In the formal past tense, it becomes 걸었습니다.

어제 밤에 옷을 옷장에 걸었어요.

Honorific Conjugation
When commanding or requesting politely, the ㄹ drops before ㅅ, resulting in 거세요 or 거십시오.

여기에 외투를 거세요.

그 사람에게 기대를 걸지 마세요.

문을 꼭 걸고 주무세요.

The verb 걸다 is ubiquitous in Korean daily life, media, and professional environments, making it impossible to avoid whether you are a casual tourist or a long-term resident. In everyday domestic settings, you will hear it constantly in the context of household chores and organization. Parents tell their children to hang up their coats (옷을 옷걸이에 걸어라), and families discuss hanging new curtains or pictures in the living room. In the realm of telecommunications, which dominates modern life, 걸다 is the standard verb for making a phone call. You will hear phrases like '내가 이따가 전화 걸게' (I will call you later) or '어디에 전화를 거셨나요?' (Where did you call?) countless times a day. In social situations, especially among young people or in romantic contexts, the phrase 말을 걸다 (to initiate a conversation) is extremely common. You might hear someone in a cafe say, '저 사람이 나한테 말을 걸었어' (That person started talking to me / hit on me). In the workplace or in business, 걸다 takes on more abstract meanings. Managers might talk about staking the company's future on a new project (새 프로젝트에 회사의 운명을 걸다) or placing high expectations on a new employee (신입사원에게 큰 기대를 걸다). In sports and competitive gaming, which are huge parts of Korean culture, you will hear commentators excitedly shout about players tripping opponents (태클을 걸다) or betting on the outcome of a match (승부에 돈을 걸다). Even in the context of driving, a daily activity for millions, starting the car engine is expressed as 시동을 걸다. Furthermore, in Korean dramas and movies, dramatic tension is often built using this verb. A protagonist might dramatically declare that they are risking their life (목숨을 걸다) to save someone, or a villain might cast a hypnotic spell (최면을 걸다) on an unsuspecting victim. Because its applications range from the mundane act of hanging a towel to the dramatic act of risking one's life, 걸다 is a word that truly permeates every layer of Korean society and communication.

In the Home
Used daily when organizing, cleaning, or decorating the house, specifically regarding clothes, towels, and wall art.

수건을 화장실에 걸어 주세요.

On the Phone
The absolute standard verb for dialing a number and initiating a voice call with someone else.

도착하면 바로 전화 걸게.

In Social Settings
Used to describe the act of approaching someone to start a conversation, sometimes with romantic or confrontational intent.

용기를 내서 그녀에게 말을 걸었다.

이번 시험에 내 모든 것을 걸었어.

빨리 차에 시동을 걸어!

When learning the verb 걸다, students frequently encounter several stumbling blocks, primarily revolving around its irregular conjugation, its confusion with the passive form 걸리다, and the misapplication of its metaphorical meanings. The most glaring and common mistake is the failure to apply the ㄹ-irregular (ㄹ 불규칙) conjugation rules correctly. Because the dictionary form ends in a consonant (ㄹ), learners instinctively want to add -(으)세요 for polite commands, resulting in the incorrect form *걸으세요. The correct form, due to the ㄹ dropping before ㅅ, is 거세요. Similarly, learners might say *걸습니다 instead of the correct formal present 겁니다, or *걸은 instead of the correct noun-modifying form 건 (e.g., 내가 건 전화 - the call I made). The second major area of confusion is the distinction between the active verb 걸다 (to hang something, to make a call) and the passive/intransitive verb 걸리다 (to be hung, to catch a cold, to take time). A learner might try to say 'The picture is hanging on the wall' and incorrectly say *그림이 벽에 걸어요. The correct sentence must use the passive state: 그림이 벽에 걸려 있어요. Conversely, they might say *친구에게 전화를 걸려요 instead of the correct active form 친구에게 전화를 걸어요. Another frequent mistake involves the expression of time. In English, we say 'It takes time', and learners sometimes try to use 걸다 for this, but the correct Korean expression uses the passive 걸리다: 시간이 걸려요 (Time is taken). Furthermore, learners sometimes misuse the collocations of 걸다. For example, while you can say 전화를 걸다 (to make a phone call), you cannot say *문자를 걸다 (to make a text message); the correct verb for texts is 보내다 (to send). Similarly, while you can say 시동을 걸다 (to start an engine), you cannot say *컴퓨터를 걸다 (to start a computer); you must use 켜다 (to turn on). Mastering these distinctions requires careful attention to the specific nouns that naturally pair with 걸다 and rigorous practice of the ㄹ-irregular paradigm.

Conjugation Error: 걸으세요
Learners often add 으세요 to the stem. The ㄹ must drop before ㅅ, making it 거세요.

여기에 코트를 거세요. (Not 걸으세요)

Active vs. Passive Confusion
Using the active 걸다 when the passive 걸리다 is required for states of being hung or taking time.

벽에 시계가 걸려 있어요. (Not 걸고 있어요)

Wrong Collocation
Using 걸다 with inappropriate nouns like text messages or computers instead of the correct verbs.

친구에게 전화를 걸다. (But 문자를 보내다)

내가 건 전화가 아니야. (Not 걸은)

시간이 얼마나 걸려요? (Not 걸어요)

Because 걸다 has such a wide array of meanings, it has numerous synonyms and related words depending on the specific context in which it is used. When referring to the physical act of hanging something, the verb 매달다 (to suspend, to dangle) is a close synonym. However, 매달다 implies a sense of hanging something so that it dangles freely, often by a string or rope, whereas 걸다 is more general and can simply mean hooking something onto a surface. For example, you would use 걸다 for a picture on a wall, but 매달다 for a piñata from a ceiling. In the context of telecommunications, 전화를 걸다 (to make a call) is completely interchangeable with the simpler verb 전화하다 (to telephone). While 전화를 걸다 emphasizes the action of dialing and connecting, 전화하다 is the broader action of having a phone conversation. When 걸다 is used to mean initiating an action, such as 말을 걸다 (to start a conversation) or 싸움을 걸다 (to pick a fight), it shares semantic space with verbs like 시작하다 (to start) or 일으키다 (to cause/raise). However, 걸다 carries a unique nuance of directing that initiation specifically at a target to provoke a response. In the context of locking, 자물쇠를 걸다 (to fasten a lock) is synonymous with 잠그다 (to lock). While 잠그다 is the general word for locking doors, windows, or valves, 걸다 specifically evokes the physical mechanism of sliding a bolt or hooking a latch into place. When used to mean betting or staking, like 돈을 걸다 (to bet money), it is similar to 내기하다 (to make a bet) or 투자하다 (to invest), but 걸다 has a stronger emotional weight of risking something valuable. Understanding these subtle distinctions between 걸다 and its contextual synonyms allows learners to choose the most precise and natural-sounding vocabulary for any given situation, elevating their Korean from basic comprehension to nuanced fluency.

매달다 (To suspend/dangle)
Similar to the physical meaning of 걸다, but emphasizes dangling from above rather than just hooking.

천장에 예쁜 장식을 매달다.

전화하다 (To call)
A direct synonym for 전화를 걸다, often used interchangeably in daily conversation for simplicity.

내일 아침에 다시 전화할게요.

잠그다 (To lock)
Similar to 문을 걸다 or 자물쇠를 걸다, representing the action of securing a door or container.

외출할 때 문을 꼭 잠그세요.

친구와 저녁 식사 내기를 하다.

새로운 사업에 모든 자본을 투자하다.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

""

غیر رسمی

""

عامیانه

""

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

벽에 예쁜 그림을 걸어요.

I hang a pretty picture on the wall.

을/를 marks the object (picture), 에 marks the location (wall).

2

친구에게 전화를 걸었어요.

I made a phone call to a friend.

에게 is used for 'to' a person. 걸었어요 is the past tense.

3

옷을 옷걸이에 거세요.

Please hang the clothes on the hanger.

거세요 is the honorific command form. The ㄹ drops before ㅅ.

4

어머니가 전화를 걸어요.

Mother is making a phone call.

가 marks the subject (Mother).

5

가방을 의자에 걸지 마세요.

Do not hang the bag on the chair.

-지 마세요 is the negative command form.

6

여기에 모자를 걸 수 있어요?

Can I hang my hat here?

-ㄹ 수 있다 expresses ability or permission.

7

저는 매일 부모님께 전화를 겁니다.

I call my parents every day.

겁니다 is the formal polite present tense. ㄹ drops before ㅂ.

8

문 앞에 예쁜 장식을 걸었어요.

I hung a pretty decoration in front of the door.

앞에 means 'in front of'.

1

모르는 사람이 갑자기 말을 걸었어요.

A stranger suddenly spoke to me.

말을 걸다 means to initiate a conversation.

2

시간이 있으면 저에게 전화를 걸어 주세요.

If you have time, please give me a call.

-어 주다 adds the nuance of doing a favor.

3

수건을 화장실에 걸어 놓았어요.

I hung the towel in the bathroom (and left it there).

-어 놓다 indicates an action completed and its state maintained.

4

제가 먼저 전화를 걸게요.

I will make the call first.

-ㄹ게요 expresses a promise or intention.

5

벽에 시계를 걸고 싶어요.

I want to hang a clock on the wall.

-고 싶다 expresses desire.

6

문을 꼭 걸고 주무세요.

Please lock the door securely and sleep.

문을 걸다 here means to lock or latch the door.

7

동생이 저에게 장난을 걸었어요.

My younger sibling played a joke on me.

장난을 걸다 means to initiate a prank or joke.

8

전화를 걸었는데 아무도 안 받아요.

I made a call, but no one is answering.

-는데 provides background information for the following clause.

1

겨울에는 차에 시동을 걸기가 어려워요.

In winter, it is difficult to start the car engine.

시동을 걸다 means to start an engine. -기 어렵다 means 'difficult to do'.

2

그 사람이 자꾸 저에게 시비를 걸어요.

That person keeps picking a fight with me.

시비를 걸다 means to pick a quarrel.

3

자전거에 자물쇠를 단단히 걸어 두세요.

Please lock your bicycle securely with a padlock.

자물쇠를 걸다 means to fasten a lock.

4

제가 건 전화가 아니에요. 잘못 거셨어요.

It's not a call I made. You dialed the wrong number.

건 is the noun-modifying form of 걸다 (past). 거셨어요 is honorific past.

5

그림을 걸기 위해 벽에 못을 박았어요.

I hammered a nail into the wall to hang the picture.

-기 위해 means 'in order to'.

6

내일 비가 올지 안 올지 내기를 걸까요?

Shall we make a bet on whether it will rain tomorrow or not?

내기를 걸다 means to make a bet.

7

컴퓨터에 암호를 걸어 놓는 것이 안전합니다.

It is safe to set a password on your computer.

암호를 걸다 means to set/apply a password.

8

지나가던 사람이 발을 걸어서 넘어졌어요.

A passerby tripped me, so I fell.

발을 걸다 means to trip someone using one's foot.

1

이 프로젝트의 성공에 우리 팀의 미래를 걸었습니다.

We have staked our team's future on the success of this project.

미래를 걸다 means to stake/risk the future.

2

부모님은 항상 저에게 큰 기대를 걸고 계십니다.

My parents are always placing great expectations on me.

기대를 걸다 means to place expectations. -고 계시다 is the honorific progressive.

3

그 선수가 상대방에게 거친 태클을 걸어 경고를 받았다.

The player received a warning for making a rough tackle on the opponent.

태클을 걸다 means to tackle (physical or metaphorical).

4

마술사가 관객들에게 최면을 거는 듯한 공연을 펼쳤다.

The magician put on a performance as if hypnotizing the audience.

최면을 걸다 means to hypnotize.

5

아무리 화가 나도 먼저 싸움을 거는 것은 좋지 않다.

No matter how angry you are, it is not good to pick a fight first.

싸움을 걸다 means to initiate a fight.

6

새로운 정책에 대해 야당이 강하게 제동을 걸고 나섰다.

The opposition party strongly stepped forward to put the brakes on the new policy.

제동을 걸다 means to put the brakes on / to halt.

7

목숨을 걸고 사람을 구한 소방관의 이야기가 감동을 주었다.

The story of the firefighter who risked his life to save a person was moving.

목숨을 걸다 means to risk one's life.

8

그는 자신의 전 재산을 주식 시장에 걸었다가 큰 낭패를 보았다.

He staked his entire fortune on the stock market and suffered a great loss.

전 재산을 걸다 means to bet one's entire fortune.

1

그 회사는 신제품 개발에 사활을 걸고 총력을 기울이고 있다.

The company is staking its life and death on the development of the new product and devoting all its energy.

사활을 걸다 is a high-level idiom meaning to stake one's life and death (fate).

2

상대방의 논리적 허점에 교묘하게 딴지를 걸어 토론의 주도권을 잡았다.

He cleverly nitpicked the logical loopholes of the opponent to seize the initiative in the debate.

딴지를 걸다 means to nitpick, obstruct, or trip up someone's argument.

3

술에 취한 남자가 지나가는 여성에게 수작을 걸다가 경찰에 제지당했다.

A drunk man was stopped by the police while making sleazy passes at a passing woman.

수작을 걸다 means to make a cheap trick or a sleazy pass.

4

정부는 부동산 투기를 막기 위해 대출 규제라는 강력한 브레이크를 걸었다.

The government applied a strong brake called loan regulation to prevent real estate speculation.

브레이크를 걸다 is used metaphorically to mean halting a societal trend.

5

그 예술가는 자신의 영혼을 걸고 이 대작을 완성했다고 밝혔다.

The artist revealed that he completed this masterpiece by staking his soul.

영혼을 걸다 means to put one's soul on the line.

6

협상 과정에서 무리한 조건을 걸어 결국 결렬되고 말았다.

They attached unreasonable conditions during the negotiation process, which ultimately led to a breakdown.

조건을 걸다 means to attach or set conditions.

7

그는 나에게 모종의 암시를 걸어 내 결정을 조종하려 했다.

He tried to manipulate my decision by giving me some sort of psychological suggestion.

암시를 걸다 means to plant a psychological suggestion.

8

법안 통과에 이의를 거는 의원들이 많아 난항이 예상된다.

Difficulties are expected as many lawmakers are raising objections to the passage of the bill.

이의를 걸다 means to raise a formal objection.

1

국가의 명운을 건 중대한 외교적 결단이 임박했다.

A crucial diplomatic decision staking the fate of the nation is imminent.

명운을 걸다 is a highly formal expression for staking fate/destiny.

2

그는 얄팍한 상술로 소비자들에게 최면을 걸어 폭리를 취했다.

He took excessive profits by hypnotizing consumers with shallow commercial tactics.

Used metaphorically to mean deceiving or blinding consumers.

3

기존 학설에 정면으로 반기를 걸고 새로운 패러다임을 제시한 논문이다.

It is a paper that presents a new paradigm by directly raising a banner of revolt against existing theories.

반기를 걸다 (often 반기를 들다) means to rebel or raise an objection.

4

불순물을 거름망에 걸러내는 작업은 고도의 집중력을 요한다.

The task of filtering out impurities through a sieve requires a high level of concentration.

Here, 걸다 (to filter) has a different etymology but identical conjugation.

5

그의 발언은 교묘하게 상대의 감정선을 건드려 시비를 거는 고도의 심리전이었다.

His remarks were a high-level psychological warfare that cleverly touched the opponent's emotional chords to provoke a quarrel.

Complex integration of 시비를 걸다 within a sophisticated psychological context.

6

자신의 정치적 생명을 걸고 비리를 폭로한 그의 용기에 찬사가 쏟아졌다.

Praise poured in for his courage in exposing the corruption at the risk of his political life.

정치적 생명을 걸다 means to risk one's political career.

7

이중 삼중으로 자물쇠를 걸어 잠근 그의 마음의 문을 열기란 쉽지 않았다.

It was not easy to open the door to his heart, which was locked with double and triple padlocks.

Poetic and metaphorical use of physical locking applied to human psychology.

8

모든 기득권을 내려놓겠다는 배수진을 치고 승부수를 띄우며 마지막 희망을 걸었다.

He staked his last hope by throwing a winning move, burning his bridges by giving up all vested interests.

Highly idiomatic sentence combining multiple advanced strategic metaphors.

ترکیب‌های رایج

전화를 걸다
옷을 걸다
말을 걸다
시동을 걸다
목숨을 걸다
싸움을 걸다
기대를 걸다
자물쇠를 걸다
최면을 걸다
태클을 걸다

عبارات رایج

전화 걸게요 (I'll call you)

말 좀 걸지 마 (Don't talk to me)

시동이 안 걸려요 (The engine won't start)

시간이 걸리다 (It takes time - passive)

감기에 걸리다 (To catch a cold - passive)

내기 걸래? (Wanna bet?)

목숨 걸고 (Risking one's life)

딴지 걸지 마 (Don't nitpick)

수작 걸지 마 (Don't try any cheap tricks)

브레이크를 걸다 (To put the brakes on)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

걸다 vs 걸리다 (Passive: to be hung, to take time, to catch a cold)

걸다 vs 걷다 (To walk - different verb, but learners confuse the dictionary forms)

걸다 vs 전화받다 (To answer the phone - opposite action)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

""

""

""

""

""

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به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

걸다 vs

걸다 vs

걸다 vs

걸다 vs

걸다 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

نحوه استفاده

nuances

When used for betting or risking (목숨을 걸다), it carries a heavy, dramatic nuance of absolute commitment.

formality levels

걸다 is neutral. For highly formal situations regarding phone calls, use 연락을 드리다 or 전화를 드리다 instead.

regional variations

Generally standard across all dialects, though intonation may vary.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Saying '걸으세요' instead of '거세요' for polite commands.
  • Using '걸어요' to mean 'It takes time' instead of '걸려요'.
  • Saying '감기를 걸었어요' instead of '감기에 걸렸어요' for catching a cold.
  • Using '컴퓨터를 걸다' instead of '컴퓨터를 켜다' to turn on a PC.
  • Writing '걸은' instead of '건' when modifying a noun in the past tense.

نکات

The ㄹ-Drop Rule

Always remember the 'ㄹ' drops before ㄴ, ㅂ, and ㅅ. Practice saying '거세요', '겁니다', and '거니까' out loud until they feel natural. Never say '걸으세요'.

Phone Calls

'전화를 걸다' is your go-to phrase for making calls. If you want to be very polite to a boss or elder, use '전화를 드리다' instead.

Time vs. Action

Never use '걸다' for time taking. Time takes you ('걸리다'). You hang things ('걸다'). Keep active and passive strictly separated in your mind.

Starting Engines

Use '시동을 걸다' for cars and motorcycles. Do not use it for computers or phones; use '켜다' for electronics.

Initiating Contact

Use '말을 걸다' when talking about someone approaching you to chat. It's a very natural, native-sounding phrase for storytelling.

Picking Fights

If someone is being aggressive, they are '시비를 걸다' or '싸움을 걸다'. These are great phrases to understand drama dialogue.

Noun Modifiers

When modifying a noun in the past tense, it is '건' (e.g., 내가 건 전화 - the call I made). Do not write '걸은'.

Locking Up

'문을 걸다' implies using a physical latch or bolt. For modern digital locks or key locks, '문을 잠그다' is often more common.

Betting and Risking

'돈을 걸다' (bet money) and '목숨을 걸다' (risk life) show how 'hanging' connects to 'staking'. You are suspending your valuables on an outcome.

Catching the Object

Because '걸다' has so many meanings, always listen for the object particle (을/를). The noun before it tells you exactly which meaning is being used.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a GULL (걸) flying down to HANG a phone on a tree to MAKE A CALL.

ریشه کلمه

Native Korean

بافت فرهنگی

Avoid using '수작을 걸다' in polite company, as it implies sleazy or deceitful intentions, often sexual or manipulative.

When asking an elder to call you, always use the honorific form: '전화 거세요' or '전화 주십시오', never '전화 걸으세요'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"주말에 친구에게 전화를 걸었어요? (Did you call your friend over the weekend?)"

"방 벽에 무엇을 걸고 싶어요? (What do you want to hang on your room's wall?)"

"운전할 때 시동을 거는 것이 어렵나요? (Is it difficult to start the engine when driving?)"

"모르는 사람이 말을 걸면 어떻게 해요? (What do you do if a stranger talks to you?)"

"최근에 무엇에 돈을 걸어본 적이 있나요? (Have you bet money on anything recently?)"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 누구에게 전화를 걸었는지 써 보세요. (Write about who you called today.)

당신의 방 벽에 걸려 있는 것들을 묘사해 보세요. (Describe the things hanging on your room's wall.)

당신이 인생에서 가장 큰 기대를 걸고 있는 것은 무엇인가요? (What are you placing the biggest expectations on in your life?)

누군가 당신에게 시비를 걸었을 때의 경험을 적어보세요. (Write about an experience when someone picked a fight with you.)

미래의 목표를 위해 당신은 무엇을 걸 수 있나요? (What can you risk/stake for your future goals?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

This is because '걸다' is an ㄹ-irregular verb. In Korean grammar, when a verb stem ending in 'ㄹ' meets a suffix starting with 'ㄴ', 'ㅂ', or 'ㅅ', the 'ㄹ' is dropped. The honorific suffix is '-(으)세요'. Since 'ㅅ' is one of those letters, the 'ㄹ' drops, leaving '거', and we attach '세요' directly. Therefore, it becomes '거세요'.

No, you cannot use the active verb '걸다' for time. You must use the passive/intransitive form '걸리다'. The correct sentence is '10분이 걸려요'. Using '10분을 걸어요' would sound like you are physically hanging 10 minutes on a wall, which makes no sense.

They are essentially interchangeable in daily conversation and both mean 'to make a phone call'. '전화하다' is slightly broader, meaning 'to telephone', while '전화를 걸다' specifically emphasizes the action of dialing and initiating the connection. '전화하다' is often preferred for its brevity.

You don't use '걸다'. You must use the passive form '걸리다'. The correct phrase is '감기에 걸렸어요'. In Korean, you don't 'catch' a cold; rather, you are 'caught by' or 'hooked by' the cold.

No, that is incorrect. While '시동을 걸다' is used for starting engines (cars, motorcycles, generators), electronic devices like computers, TVs, and lights use the verb '켜다' (to turn on). So you must say '컴퓨터를 켜다'.

Literally, it means 'to hang words' towards someone. Metaphorically, it means to initiate a conversation, to approach someone and speak to them first, or sometimes to hit on someone. It implies an active effort to engage another person.

No. '문을 닫다' simply means 'to close the door'. '문을 걸다' means 'to lock or latch the door'. You can close a door without locking it, but if you '걸다' the door, you are securing it so it cannot be opened from the outside.

It becomes '겁니다'. Because '걸다' is an ㄹ-irregular verb, when you add the formal suffix '-ㅂ니다', the 'ㄹ' drops because the suffix starts with 'ㅂ'. So, 걸 + ㅂ니다 becomes 겁니다.

It translates to 'to risk one's life' or 'to put one's life on the line'. It is a highly dramatic expression used when a character is completely committed to a dangerous course of action, often to save someone or achieve a critical goal.

Yes, the phrase '발을 걸다' literally means 'to hang a foot', but it is used to describe the action of sticking your foot out to trip someone. Similarly, '태클을 걸다' means to tackle someone in sports or to obstruct their plans.

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