derramar در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Primary meaning: To spill or pour out a liquid, often accidentally, resulting in a mess or overflow.
- Common objects: Used with everyday liquids like water, coffee, wine, and milk, but also tears and blood.
- Regional difference: In Brazil, it's the standard word for spills; in Portugal, 'entornar' is often preferred for accidents.
- Metaphorical use: Frequently describes the spreading of light, news, or the intense expression of emotions and feelings.
The Portuguese verb derramar is a fundamental term that every learner should master, as it describes a universal human experience: the accidental or intentional overflow of liquid from its container. At its most basic level, it translates to 'to spill' or 'to pour out.' However, the richness of the Portuguese language allows this word to flow far beyond the kitchen counter or the dinner table. Understanding derramar requires looking at it through three distinct lenses: the physical act, the metaphorical expression, and the environmental consequence.
- Physical Spillage
- This is the primary usage. Whether you are talking about a child knocking over a glass of milk or a waiter accidentally tipping a bottle of wine, derramar is the go-to verb. In Brazil, it is the standard word for any liquid that leaves its vessel unexpectedly. In Portugal, while derramar is used, you will frequently hear 'entornar' for the same action, though derramar remains perfectly understood and grammatically correct across the Lusophone world.
Cuidado para não derramar o café no seu teclado novo enquanto você trabalha.
- Emotional and Biological Shedding
- Beyond water and wine, derramar is the standard verb for 'shedding' tears or blood. When someone cries intensely, they are 'derramando lágrimas.' In historical or news contexts, the 'derramamento de sangue' (shedding of blood) refers to conflict or violence. This gives the word a more poetic and sometimes gravity-filled weight that 'to spill' doesn't always carry in English, which might prefer 'shed' in these specific instances.
- Environmental Contexts
- In the modern world, you will see this word in headlines regarding 'derramamento de óleo' (oil spills). Here, the verb takes on a technical and serious tone. It describes the uncontrolled release of substances into the nature. This shows the versatility of the word: it can range from a tiny drop of juice on a shirt to a massive ecological disaster in the Atlantic Ocean.
O navio petroleiro sofreu um acidente e começou a derramar óleo na costa brasileira ontem.
In summary, derramar is about the movement of something from the inside to the outside, usually resulting in a mess or a loss. It captures the essence of fluid dynamics—the lack of control we have over liquids once they begin to flow. Whether you are apologizing for a mess or reading a poem about sorrow, this verb is your primary tool for describing the act of pouring out.
Grammatically, derramar is a regular verb ending in -ar, making its conjugation predictable and friendly for beginners. It is primarily a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object—the thing that is being spilled. However, it can also be used reflexively (derramar-se) to describe something that spreads itself out or overflows on its own.
- Transitive Usage (Direct Object)
- This is the most common pattern: [Subject] + [derramar] + [Object]. For example, 'Eu derramei a água.' The focus is on who did the spilling and what was spilled. In the past tense, which is where you will use it most (since spills are usually discovered after they happen), the first person singular is 'derramei.'
Ela derramou o perfume caro no chão do banheiro por puro descuido.
- Reflexive and Passive Usage
- When we use derramar-se, we are often describing a liquid that is spreading over a surface. For example, 'A luz do sol derramava-se pelo quarto' (The sunlight spilled/spread across the room). This is a more literary use. In everyday speech, if the container is the subject, we might say 'O leite derramou' (The milk spilled), where the verb acts almost intransitively, focusing on the event rather than the agent.
As lágrimas derramaram-se pelos seus olhos assim que ela ouviu a notícia.
- Common Tenses
- Learners should focus on the Pretérito Perfeito (Past Simple) because spills are usually completed actions. 'Eu derramei' (I spilled), 'Você derramou' (You spilled), 'Eles derramaram' (They spilled). The Imperfect 'derramava' is used for describing a continuous flow or a poetic state of being.
When constructing sentences, remember that derramar implies a certain lack of intention unless the context suggests otherwise (like pouring out a drink in a toast or a ritual). Most of the time, it's an 'oops' moment. Pairing it with 'sem querer' (without meaning to) is very common: 'Eu derramei o suco sem querer.'
You will encounter derramar in a variety of settings, ranging from the mundane to the high-stakes. It is a word that bridges the gap between domestic life and international news. Understanding where it pops up will help you recognize its tone and importance.
- In the Kitchen and Restaurants
- This is the most frequent 'real world' application. You'll hear a parent telling a child, 'Cuidado, você vai derramar!' (Careful, you're going to spill!). In a restaurant, if you have an accident, you might say to the waiter, 'Desculpe, eu derramei um pouco de vinho na toalha' (Sorry, I spilled some wine on the tablecloth). It is the essential word for navigating dining mishaps.
O garçom foi tão rápido que quase derramou a sopa no colo do cliente.
- In News and Environmental Reports
- If you watch 'Jornal Nacional' or read 'Folha de S.Paulo', derramar appears in the context of ecology. The noun form 'derramamento' is common here. News anchors will talk about 'derramamento de produtos químicos' (spilling of chemical products) or 'derramamento de petróleo' (oil spill). It signifies a serious event with consequences.
- In Literature and Music
- Portuguese and Brazilian music often uses derramar to describe overflowing emotions. A samba lyric might speak of 'derramar a tristeza' (pouring out the sadness) or 'derramar o coração' (pouring out one's heart). It adds a liquid, flowing quality to the expression of feelings, making them seem more visceral and uncontrollable.
A canção falava sobre derramar todo o amor sobre a pessoa amada em uma tarde de sol.
Whether you're dealing with a messy toddler, reading about a tanker in the ocean, or listening to a heartbreaking fado or bossa nova, derramar is the word that captures that moment of release and overflow. It is a high-frequency verb that transitions effortlessly from the sink to the soul.
Even though derramar is straightforward, English speakers often stumble when choosing between it and other 'liquid' verbs in Portuguese. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Portuguese sound much more natural and precise.
- Derramar vs. Servir
- In English, we sometimes say 'pour me some water.' If you translate 'pour' as derramar in this context, it sounds like you want the person to spill the water on you or the table. For the intentional act of putting a drink into a glass, use 'servir' or 'colocar'. Use derramar only if you mean to empty the container completely or if it's an accident.
Errado: Você pode derramar um pouco de suco para mim?
Correto: Você pode servir um pouco de suco para mim?
- Derramar vs. Verter
- 'Verter' also means to pour or spill, but it is much more formal and often used in technical or literary contexts. Using 'verter' when you drop your coffee in a cafe sounds unnaturally stiff. Stick to derramar for everyday accidents. Conversely, don't use derramar when translating 'to translate' (sometimes 'verter' is used for translating into another language).
- Confusing with 'Cair'
- English speakers often say 'The water fell' (Caiu água). While 'cair' is used for the action of falling, derramar specifically describes the liquid leaving the container. If you say 'A água derramou,' you are describing the spill. If you say 'A água caiu,' you might just be describing rain or water falling from a faucet. Use derramar when the 'spill' aspect is the focus.
Lastly, be careful with the reflexive 'se'. Saying 'Eu me derramei' is very poetic—it implies you 'poured yourself out' emotionally. If you just mean you spilled coffee on yourself, say 'Eu derramei café em mim' or 'Eu me sujei com café' (I got myself dirty with coffee).
Portuguese offers several synonyms for derramar, each with a slightly different nuance. Choosing the right one depends on the volume of liquid, the intention, and the level of formality you wish to convey.
- Entornar
- The most common alternative. It specifically implies that the container was tilted or knocked over. If you tip a glass over, you 'entornou'. In Portugal, this is the dominant word for accidents. In Brazil, it's used but derramar is more frequent.
- Verter
- More formal. It suggests a steady stream or a deliberate pouring. You might see this in a recipe: 'Vertas a mistura na forma' (Pour the mixture into the pan). It is also used for 'to shed' (verter lágrimas).
- Transbordar
- To overflow. This happens when the container is too full. While derramar can be a splash, 'transbordar' is always about capacity. 'O rio transbordou' (The river overflowed/flooded).
- Espalhar
- To spread. Once a liquid is derramado, it starts to 'espalhar' across the floor. This verb focuses on the area covered rather than the act of leaving the container.
Comparação:
1. Eu derramei o leite (Geral).
2. Eu entornei o copo (Foco no movimento do copo).
3. O leite transbordou da panela (Estava cheio demais).
In poetic contexts, you might also find 'evasar' (to leak/pour out) or 'efundir' (to effuse), but these are extremely rare in daily conversation. For the A2 level learner, mastering the distinction between derramar, 'entornar', and 'servir' is the key to linguistic precision.
نکته جالب
The word 'derrame' (medical stroke) comes from the same root, referring to blood 'spilling' into the brain.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'rr' as a single English 'r'. It should be more breathy or guttural.
- Stressing the second syllable instead of the last.
- Mispronouncing the 'e' as a long 'ee' sound.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Eu derramei o leite.
I spilled the milk.
Past tense (Pretérito Perfeito).
Não derrame a água!
Don't spill the water!
Imperative (negative).
Você derramou o suco?
Did you spill the juice?
Interrogative sentence.
O gato derramou a comida.
The cat spilled the food.
Subject + Verb + Object.
Eu sempre derramo o café.
I always spill the coffee.
Present tense indicating habit.
Cuidado, vai derramar!
Careful, it's going to spill!
Future with 'ir' + infinitive.
Ela derramou o chá na mesa.
She spilled the tea on the table.
Preposition 'na' (em + a).
Nós derramamos a tinta.
We spilled the paint.
First person plural past tense.
Eu derramei o café sem querer no tapete.
I accidentally spilled the coffee on the rug.
'Sem querer' means 'by accident'.
Ele derramou um pouco de vinho na camisa branca.
He spilled a little wine on the white shirt.
'Um pouco de' means 'a little bit of'.
Por que você derramou o óleo na pia?
Why did you spill the oil in the sink?
Question with 'Por que'.
A criança derramou a sopa enquanto comia.
The child spilled the soup while eating.
Use of 'enquanto' (while).
Se você correr, vai derramar o refrigerante.
If you run, you will spill the soda.
Conditional 'se' structure.
Derramei o perfume e o quarto ficou cheiroso.
I spilled the perfume and the room became fragrant.
Two actions in the past.
Eles derramaram a água das flores.
They spilled the water from the flowers.
Plural subject and verb.
Não se preocupe, eu só derramei um pingo.
Don't worry, I only spilled a drop.
'Só' means 'only'.
Ela derramou muitas lágrimas ao ler a carta.
She shed many tears while reading the letter.
Metaphorical use for crying.
O governo está preocupado com o derramamento de óleo.
The government is concerned about the oil spill.
Noun form 'derramamento'.
A luz do sol se derramava pela janela aberta.
The sunlight was spilling through the open window.
Reflexive 'se derramava' for light.
Derramei todo o meu segredo para ela.
I poured out my whole secret to her.
Figurative use for sharing information.
O rio derramou suas águas sobre a planície.
The river spilled its waters over the plain.
Literary description of a flood.
Espero que Deus derrame bênçãos sobre sua família.
I hope God pours out blessings on your family.
Subjunctive 'derrame' for a wish.
Ele derramou o resto do vinho na pia.
He poured the rest of the wine into the sink.
Intentional action.
A notícia se derramou pela cidade rapidamente.
The news spilled (spread) through the city quickly.
Metaphorical spread of information.
O caminhão derramou a carga na rodovia após o acidente.
The truck spilled its cargo on the highway after the accident.
Usage for solid cargo in specific contexts.
Houve muito sangue derramado naquela batalha histórica.
There was much blood shed in that historical battle.
Passive participle 'derramado'.
Não vale a pena chorar pelo leite derramado.
It's no use crying over spilled milk.
Common proverb.
A empresa foi multada por derramar resíduos tóxicos.
The company was fined for spilling toxic waste.
Infinitive after preposition 'por'.
O artista derramou suas emoções na tela.
The artist poured his emotions onto the canvas.
Metaphorical artistic expression.
A multidão se derramou pelas ruas após o jogo.
The crowd spilled onto the streets after the game.
Describing movement of people.
A garrafa quebrou, derramando todo o conteúdo.
The bottle broke, spilling all the contents.
Gerund 'derramando' describing a result.
O perfume se derramou na bolsa, estragando tudo.
The perfume spilled in the bag, ruining everything.
Reflexive use for an accident.
A melodia parecia derramar-se suavemente pelo auditório.
The melody seemed to spill softly through the auditorium.
Synesthetic use (sound as liquid).
O autor derrama críticas ácidas sobre a sociedade atual.
The author pours acidic criticism over current society.
Metaphorical for harsh words.
O conhecimento se derrama através das gerações.
Knowledge spills (is passed down) through generations.
Abstract metaphorical use.
A taça da paciência finalmente derramou.
The cup of patience finally overflowed (he lost his temper).
Idiomatic expression for losing patience.
O pôr do sol derramava tons de púrpura sobre o mar.
The sunset was spilling shades of purple over the sea.
Description of colors and light.
Ele derramou sua fortuna em projetos sem futuro.
He poured his fortune into projects with no future.
Metaphorical for spending money.
A eloquência derramada pelo orador cativou a todos.
The eloquence poured out by the speaker captivated everyone.
Adjective use of the participle.
O silêncio derramou-se sobre a sala após a revelação.
Silence spilled over the room after the revelation.
Abstract state as a liquid.
A exegese bíblica discute o derramamento do Espírito.
Biblical exegesis discusses the outpouring of the Spirit.
Theological technical term.
O estilo barroco derrama-se em ornamentos excessivos.
The Baroque style spills over into excessive ornaments.
Art history description.
Derramar o próprio sangue pela pátria é um ato de heroísmo.
To shed one's own blood for the homeland is an act of heroism.
High formal/patriotic register.
A prosa de Guimarães Rosa derrama-se em neologismos.
Guimarães Rosa's prose spills over with neologisms.
Literary analysis.
A política externa derrama influência sobre os vizinhos.
Foreign policy spills influence over the neighbors.
Geopolitical metaphor.
O vinho derramado na terra era uma libação aos deuses.
The wine poured on the earth was a libation to the gods.
Historical/Ritual context.
As comportas se abriram, derramando a fúria das águas.
The floodgates opened, spilling the fury of the waters.
Dramatic/Epic register.
A alma derramada em versos revela a dor do poeta.
The soul poured into verses reveals the poet's pain.
Poetic/Metaphysical use.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
Chorar pelo leite derramado
Derramar-se em elogios
Derramar o feijão
Derramar-se em lágrimas
Derramar o resto
Derramar perfume
Derramar tinta
Derramar suor
Derramar o copo
Derramar a paciência
اصطلاحات و عبارات
"Chorar pelo leite derramado"
Worrying about past mistakes that can't be fixed.
Não chore pelo leite derramado.
Universal"Derramar-se em desculpas"
To apologize profusely.
Ele se derramou em desculpas pelo atraso.
Neutral"Derramar o ouro"
In some contexts, to spend money lavishly.
Eles derramaram o ouro naquela festa de casamento.
Informal"Derramar veneno"
To speak ill of someone, to spread gossip.
Ela adora derramar veneno sobre as colegas.
Informal"Derramar a bílis"
To express anger or bitterness.
O crítico derramou sua bílis sobre o novo livro.
Literary"Derramar o caldo"
To mess up a situation or plan.
Com aquele comentário, ele derramou o caldo da negociação.
Informal (Brazil)"Derramar luz sobre o assunto"
To clarify or explain something clearly.
Esta nova evidência derrama luz sobre o mistério.
Formal"Derramar o segredo"
To let a secret out accidentally.
Cuidado para não derramar o segredo antes da hora.
Neutral"Derramar-se em amores"
To be deeply in love or show great affection.
Ele se derrama em amores pelos netos.
Neutral"Derramar o mel"
To be overly sweet or flattering.
Ele derramou o mel para conseguir o que queria.
Informalخانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Derramar' as 'The-Rain-Mar'. Imagine rain spilling into the 'Mar' (sea). It's a lot of liquid moving!
تداعی تصویری
Visualize a 'D' shaped cup tipping over and liquid spilling out in the shape of an 'R'.
شبکه واژگان
ریشه کلمه
From the Latin 'dis-' (prefix indicating separation or distribution) and 'ramus' (branch). Literally, it originally meant to break or spread branches.
معنای اصلی: To spread out or scatter like branches.
Romance (Latin root)Summary
The verb 'derramar' is the essential Portuguese term for spilling. While it most often describes messy accidents with drinks, it also elegantly covers the shedding of tears and the spreading of light, making it both a practical and poetic word.
- Primary meaning: To spill or pour out a liquid, often accidentally, resulting in a mess or overflow.
- Common objects: Used with everyday liquids like water, coffee, wine, and milk, but also tears and blood.
- Regional difference: In Brazil, it's the standard word for spills; in Portugal, 'entornar' is often preferred for accidents.
- Metaphorical use: Frequently describes the spreading of light, news, or the intense expression of emotions and feelings.
مثال
Cuidado para não derramar o café na mesa.
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر food
a conta
A1The bill or check (in a restaurant).
a gosto
A2To taste, according to one's preference for flavor.
à la carte
A2سفارش دادن غذاهای مجزا از منو، با قیمت گذاری جداگانه برای هر آیتم. این امر انعطاف پذیری در انتخاب وعده غذایی شما را فراهم می کند.
à mão
A2دستی یا دم دست. این اصطلاح برای توصیف کارهای دستی یا اشاره به نزدیک بودن چیزی استفاده میشود.
à mesa
A2پشت میز بودن، معمولاً برای صرف غذا.
à parte
A2جداگانه سرو شده یا کنار گذاشته شده است.
à pressa
A2انجام شده یا صورت گرفته با سرعت بسیار زیاد به دلیل کمبود وقت.
à saúde
A2A toast, meaning 'to health' or 'cheers'.
a vapor
A2Steamed; cooked by steam.
à vontade
A2راحت بودن، مثل خانه خود بودن.
