A1 · مبتدی فصل 7

The Case System Begins

2 مجموع قواعد
20 مثال‌ها
1 دقیقه
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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the secret to Russian sentence structure by mastering how words change based on their role.

  • Identify the subject of a sentence using the Nominative case.
  • Transform nouns into the Accusative case to show direct objects.
  • Apply case endings to basic Russian nouns.
Master the shift, speak the change.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Introduction to the Nominative and Accusative cases. Understanding how nouns change based on their role in a sentence.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly identify and use the Nominative and Accusative cases for inanimate objects.

مثال‌های کلیدی (4)

1

Этот кофе очень вкусный.

This coffee is very tasty.

حالت نهادی روسی: فاعل (Именительный падеж)
2

Где мой телефон?

Where is my phone?

حالت نهادی روسی: فاعل (Именительный падеж)
3

Я люблю музыку.

I love music.

حالت مفعولی: نام‌گذاری هدف شما (Винительный падеж)
4

Ты видишь этот пост?

Do you see this post?

حالت مفعولی: نام‌گذاری هدف شما (Винительный падеж)

نکات و ترفندها (2)

💡

The Dictionary Rule

If you aren't sure how to say a word, just use the Nominative form you found in the dictionary. People will still understand you 90% of the time!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت نهادی روسی: فاعل (Именительный падеж)
💡

The Pizza Rule

Feminine nouns are the most active changers. Just remember: 'I eat pizza' = 'Я ем пиццу'. If it ends in -а, make it -у!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مفعولی: نام‌گذاری هدف شما (Винительный падеж)

واژگان کلیدی (5)

книга book вижу I see стол table читаю I read лампа lamp

Real-World Preview

book-open

In the Library

Review Summary

  • Noun (Dictionary form)
  • Feminine: -а -> -у

اشتباهات رایج

You used the nominative instead of the accusative. The book is receiving the action, so it must change.

Wrong: Я читаю книга.
صحیح: Я читаю книгу.

Actually, masculine inanimate nouns do not change in the accusative. This is correct, but beginners often try to force a change!

Wrong: Вижу стол.
صحیح: Вижу стол.

Word order matters for clarity, and you missed the subject pronoun.

Wrong: Лампа вижу.
صحیح: Я вижу лампу.

Next Steps

You've taken a huge step into the heart of Russian grammar. Keep practicing, and these endings will become second nature!

Label items in your house and write sentences for them.

Continue to: Negation and Questions

تمرین سریع (6)

Fill in the correct form of the word in parentheses.

Я смотрю (фильм) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: фильм
Since 'фильм' is masculine and inanimate, it does not change in the Accusative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مفعولی: نام‌گذاری هدف شما (Винительный падеж)

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

Choose the correct way to say 'I know Anna':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я знаю Анну.
Anna is a feminine noun ending in -а, which must change to -у in the Accusative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مفعولی: نام‌گذاری هدف شما (Винительный падеж)

Which sentence uses the Nominative case correctly?

Identify the correct way to say 'This is my friend'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это мой друг.
After 'Это', we use the Nominative case (мой друг).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت نهادی روسی: فاعل (Именительный падеж)

Find the mistake in the subject.

Find and fix the mistake:

Маму готовит ужин.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мама готовит ужин.
The person doing the action (Mom) must be in the Nominative case (Мама).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت نهادی روسی: فاعل (Именительный падеж)

Fill in the correct Nominative form of 'Music' (Музыка).

Эта ___ очень громкая!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: музыка
We need the Nominative because 'Music' is the subject of the sentence.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت نهادی روسی: فاعل (Именительный падеж)

Find and fix the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я вижу кошка на улице.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я вижу кошку на улице.
'Кошка' is the direct object and feminine, so -а changes to -у.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مفعولی: نام‌گذاری هدف شما (Винительный падеж)

Score: /6

سوالات رایج (4)

It is the base form of a noun as it appears in the dictionary. It is used to name things and identify the subject of a sentence.
Use Кто? (Who?) for people and animals. Use Что? (What?) for inanimate objects and abstract concepts.
It is the case used for the direct object of a sentence. It shows who or what is receiving the action of the verb.
Yes, it becomes 'маму'. All feminine nouns ending in -а change to -у when they are the object.
فصل قبلی
Who Are You? Pronouns
فصل بعدی
Negation and Questions
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