A1 · 初級 チャプター 7

The Case System Begins

2 トータルルール
20 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the secret to Russian sentence structure by mastering how words change based on their role.

  • Identify the subject of a sentence using the Nominative case.
  • Transform nouns into the Accusative case to show direct objects.
  • Apply case endings to basic Russian nouns.
Master the shift, speak the change.

学べること

Introduction to the Nominative and Accusative cases. Understanding how nouns change based on their role in a sentence.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly identify and use the Nominative and Accusative cases for inanimate objects.

重要な例文 (4)

1

Этот кофе очень вкусный.

This coffee is very tasty.

ロシア語の主格：主語 (Именительный падеж)
2

Где мой телефон?

Where is my phone?

ロシア語の主格：主語 (Именительный падеж)
3

Я люблю музыку.

I love music.

対格：対象を指し示す (Винительный падеж)
4

Ты видишь этот пост?

Do you see this post?

対格：対象を指し示す (Винительный падеж)

ヒントとコツ (2)

💡

The Dictionary Rule

If you aren't sure how to say a word, just use the Nominative form you found in the dictionary. People will still understand you 90% of the time!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の主格：主語 (Именительный падеж)
💡

The Pizza Rule

Feminine nouns are the most active changers. Just remember: 'I eat pizza' = 'Я ем пиццу'. If it ends in -а, make it -у!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 対格：対象を指し示す (Винительный падеж)

重要な語彙 (5)

книга book вижу I see стол table читаю I read лампа lamp

Real-World Preview

book-open

In the Library

Review Summary

  • Noun (Dictionary form)
  • Feminine: -а -> -у

よくある間違い

You used the nominative instead of the accusative. The book is receiving the action, so it must change.

Wrong: Я читаю книга.
正解: Я читаю книгу.

Actually, masculine inanimate nouns do not change in the accusative. This is correct, but beginners often try to force a change!

Wrong: Вижу стол.
正解: Вижу стол.

Word order matters for clarity, and you missed the subject pronoun.

Wrong: Лампа вижу.
正解: Я вижу лампу.

Next Steps

You've taken a huge step into the heart of Russian grammar. Keep practicing, and these endings will become second nature!

Label items in your house and write sentences for them.

Continue to: Negation and Questions

クイック練習 (6)

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

Choose the correct way to say 'I know Anna':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я знаю Анну.
Anna is a feminine noun ending in -а, which must change to -у in the Accusative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 対格：対象を指し示す (Винительный падеж)

Which sentence uses the Nominative case correctly?

Identify the correct way to say 'This is my friend'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это мой друг.
After 'Это', we use the Nominative case (мой друг).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の主格：主語 (Именительный падеж)

Find and fix the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я вижу кошка на улице.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я вижу кошку на улице.
'Кошка' is the direct object and feminine, so -а changes to -у.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 対格：対象を指し示す (Винительный падеж)

Find the mistake in the subject.

Find and fix the mistake:

Маму готовит ужин.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мама готовит ужин.
The person doing the action (Mom) must be in the Nominative case (Мама).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の主格：主語 (Именительный падеж)

Fill in the correct form of the word in parentheses.

Я смотрю (фильм) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: фильм
Since 'фильм' is masculine and inanimate, it does not change in the Accusative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 対格：対象を指し示す (Винительный падеж)

Fill in the correct Nominative form of 'Music' (Музыка).

Эта ___ очень громкая!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: музыка
We need the Nominative because 'Music' is the subject of the sentence.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の主格：主語 (Именительный падеж)

Score: /6

よくある質問 (4)

It is the base form of a noun as it appears in the dictionary. It is used to name things and identify the subject of a sentence.
Use Кто? (Who?) for people and animals. Use Что? (What?) for inanimate objects and abstract concepts.
It is the case used for the direct object of a sentence. It shows who or what is receiving the action of the verb.
Yes, it becomes 'маму'. All feminine nouns ending in -а change to -у when they are the object.
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Who Are You? Pronouns
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Negation and Questions
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