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B1 verb 8 دقیقه مطالعه

бороться

To take part in a fight or struggle.

At the A1 level, you should know that 'бороться' means to fight or wrestle. You might see it in simple sentences about sports, like wrestling. It is a bit advanced for A1 because of its conjugation, but you can remember it as a word for 'struggle.' For example, 'Я борюсь' (I am fighting/struggling). At this stage, focus on the basic idea of physical effort. You don't need to worry about complex metaphors yet. Just know that when you see 'спортсмен борется,' it means an athlete is wrestling. It is an important word because it shows up in many Russian stories. Even at a basic level, understanding that Russians value the 'struggle' can help you understand the culture. Practice saying 'я борюсь' to get used to the reflexive ending '-сь.' This ending is common in Russian and means the action is happening to or involves the person speaking. Think of it like a person holding onto themselves or another person in a wrestle. It is a strong, active word.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'бороться' with simple prepositions like 'за' (for) and 'с' (with/against). You might say 'Я борюсь с ленью' (I am fighting with laziness) or 'Он борется за победу' (He is fighting for victory). This is a great way to express your efforts in learning Russian! You should also start to notice the conjugation: я борюсь, ты борешься, он борется. Notice how the 'о' in the middle stays there. You will often hear this word in the context of health—fighting a cold or a flu. It's a useful word for describing your daily challenges. At A2, you should be able to distinguish between a physical fight (like wrestling) and a mental struggle. The word is very common in Russian news, so learning it now will help you understand headlines later. Remember that 'с' is followed by the instrumental case, and 'за' is followed by the accusative case. This is a key grammar point for A2 students.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'бороться' in various contexts: social, political, and personal. You can discuss 'бороться за права человека' (fighting for human rights) or 'бороться с коррупцией' (fighting corruption). You understand that this verb is imperfective, meaning it describes the process of the struggle, not necessarily the result. You should be able to use it to describe complex feelings, like 'бороться со своими страхами' (fighting with one's fears). At this level, you can also start to recognize the noun form, 'борьба' (struggle/wrestling). You should be able to conjugate the verb correctly in all forms, including the past and future tenses. It's also time to learn some common collocations, like 'бороться до последнего' (to fight to the last). Your sentences should become more nuanced, showing that you understand the difference between a direct physical fight and a long-term social struggle. This word is essential for B1 because it allows you to express your opinions on social issues and personal growth.
At the B2 level, 'бороться' becomes a tool for more sophisticated expression. You can use it to describe economic competition, 'бороться за рынок' (to fight for the market), or philosophical conflicts. You should understand the subtle difference between 'бороться с' and 'бороться против.' You can also use the verb in the passive or with more complex grammatical structures. At B2, you are expected to know synonyms like 'сражаться' or 'противостоять' and know when 'бороться' is the better choice. You might encounter this word in classical Russian literature, where characters 'борются' with their destiny or social expectations. Your ability to use 'бороться' in abstract contexts—like 'бороться за идею' (fighting for an idea)—shows a high level of language proficiency. You should also be aware of the word's role in idioms and fixed expressions. For example, 'бороться с ветряными мельницами' (to fight with windmills/to tilt at windmills) is an idiom you might encounter in sophisticated texts. Your command of the instrumental and accusative cases with this verb should be perfect.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the rhetorical power of 'бороться.' You can use it to create powerful imagery in writing and speech. You understand its historical and cultural connotations in Russia, from the revolutionary 'классовая борьба' (class struggle) to modern social activism. You can navigate the nuances of its use in different registers, from the highly formal to the informal. You might use it to describe the 'struggle' of a writer with their language or a scientist with a complex theory. At this level, you can also understand and use more obscure derivatives or related words. You are sensitive to the rhythm and flow of sentences using 'бороться,' and you can use it to emphasize the persistence and moral weight of an action. You can analyze how the word is used in political propaganda or advertising to evoke certain emotions. Your use of the verb is not just grammatically correct but also stylistically appropriate for any professional or academic setting.
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At the C2 level, 'бороться' is a word you use with total mastery and native-like intuition. You can appreciate the etymological roots of the word and how they connect to other Slavic languages. You can use the word to discuss the most abstract philosophical concepts, such as the struggle between 'being' and 'becoming.' You can identify and employ the word in puns, wordplay, and complex literary metaphors. You understand the subtle shifts in meaning that occur when the word is used in different historical contexts. For a C2 learner, 'бороться' is not just a verb; it is a reflection of a whole worldview. You can engage in deep discussions about the 'Russian soul' and its relationship with 'борьба.' You can write essays or deliver speeches where 'бороться' is used to weave a compelling narrative of resilience and change. Your understanding of the word is comprehensive, covering every possible nuance, register, and metaphorical application. You are also capable of correcting others on the most subtle points of its usage and grammar.
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مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

бороться در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A versatile verb meaning to fight, struggle, or wrestle, used in sports, social activism, and personal growth contexts.
  • Grammatically, it requires prepositions: 'с' for opponents/obstacles and 'за' for goals/causes, triggering instrumental and accusative cases respectively.
  • It is an imperfective verb, emphasizing the ongoing process of the struggle rather than the final outcome or victory.
  • Commonly heard in Russian media and literature to describe resilience, political movements, and internal psychological conflicts.

The Russian verb бороться is a multifaceted term that primarily translates to 'to fight,' 'to struggle,' or 'to wrestle.' At its core, it describes an active engagement in a conflict, whether physical, social, or internal. In Russian culture, this word carries a weight of persistence and resilience. Unlike the English word 'fight,' which can sometimes imply a brief scuffle, бороться often suggests a sustained effort over time.

Physical Sport
In the context of sports, specifically wrestling, this is the standard verb. It refers to the technical and physical act of grappling on a mat. When you say someone is 'boring' (the act of wrestling), you are describing an Olympic discipline deeply rooted in Russian history.

Спортсмены будут бороться за золотую медаль в финале.

Social and Political Action
This verb is the go-to choice for social movements. Whether it is 'fighting for peace' (бороться за мир) or 'fighting against corruption' (бороться с коррупцией), it implies a collective or individual stand against an abstract or systemic force. It is the language of activists and reformers.

The word is also used extensively in internal psychology. When a person is torn between two decisions or is trying to overcome a bad habit, they are 'fighting' themselves. This internal struggle is a common theme in Russian literature, from Dostoevsky to Tolstoy. The reflexive suffix '-ся' is crucial here; it indicates that the action involves engagement, often reciprocal or focused on the self's state. It is not just about hitting something; it is about the process of the struggle itself. In everyday life, you might hear a student say they are 'fighting' with a difficult math problem, or a gardener saying they are 'fighting' weeds. It covers the spectrum from the trivial to the existential.

Мне пришлось бороться со сном во время долгой лекции.

Using бороться correctly requires understanding its grammatical government—which prepositions and cases it triggers. Because it is an imperfective verb, it focuses on the process of the struggle rather than the final victory. If you want to talk about winning the fight, you would use the perfective counterpart, побороться or победить, but бороться remains the most common for describing ongoing efforts.

The Preposition 'С' + Instrumental Case
When you are fighting 'against' something or 'with' an opponent, use 'с'. For example, 'бороться с болезнью' (fighting a disease). The object of your struggle is put in the instrumental case.

Мы должны бороться с изменением климата сообща.

The Preposition 'ЗА' + Accusative Case
When fighting 'for' a cause, a prize, or a person, use 'за'. For example, 'бороться за свободу' (fighting for freedom). The goal is in the accusative case.

In more formal or literary contexts, you might see it used with the preposition 'против' (against) + genitive case. While 'с' is more common for personal or direct struggles, 'против' emphasizes the opposition or the side you are taking. For instance, 'бороться против системы' (to struggle against the system). It is also important to note that бороться is an intransitive verb in the sense that it cannot take a direct object in the accusative without a preposition. You cannot 'fight a war' using only the accusative case; you must fight 'in a war' or 'against an enemy'. This distinction is vital for English speakers who are used to the direct object usage of 'fight'.

Они продолжают бороться за свои права, несмотря на трудности.

You will encounter бороться in a wide variety of settings, ranging from the evening news to the sports arena and even intimate conversations. It is a high-frequency word because it touches on the fundamental human experience of overcoming obstacles. In the media, it is almost constantly used in political discourse to describe the government's efforts or the opposition's stance.

News and Media
Headlines often feature this word when discussing social issues. 'Правительство борется с инфляцией' (The government is fighting inflation) or 'Врачи борются за жизнь пациента' (Doctors are fighting for the patient's life). It adds a sense of urgency and heroism to the narrative.

Весь мир должен бороться с бедностью и голодом.

Sports Commentary
Russia has a strong tradition in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling. During the Olympics or national championships, commentators use бороться to describe the technical mastery of the athletes. It is not just about strength; it is about the 'bor'ba' (the noun for struggle/wrestling).

In daily life, the word is used more metaphorically. A parent might tell a child to 'бороться с ленью' (fight against laziness). In a professional setting, a manager might talk about 'бороться за долю рынка' (fighting for market share). It is also frequently heard in healthcare contexts, where patients are encouraged to 'бороться' against their ailments, implying that a positive and active mental state contributes to recovery. This usage reflects a cultural belief in the power of the will. Even in the kitchen, a chef might 'бороться' with a difficult recipe. The word is ubiquitous because the concept of 'struggle' is central to the Russian worldview.

Мы будем бороться за каждого клиента в этом квартале.

For English speakers, the most common errors with бороться involve conjugation, preposition choice, and confusing it with similar verbs like драться. Because the verb ends in '-оться', it follows a specific conjugation pattern that can be tricky for beginners. Many students mistakenly try to conjugate it like a regular '-ать' or '-ить' verb.

Mistake 1: Conjugation Errors
Students often say 'борятся' (incorrect stress or vowel) instead of the correct 3rd person plural 'бо́рются'. Remember that the 'ю' is preserved and the stress is on the first syllable. Incorrect: 'я борю'. Correct: 'я борюсь'. The reflexive suffix is mandatory.

Они борются (NOT борятся) за первое место.

Mistake 2: Confusing 'Бороться' and 'Драться'
'Бороться' is usually a noble struggle, a sport, or a metaphorical fight. 'Драться' (drat'sya) usually implies a physical brawl, hitting, or a messy fight. You 'бороться' with a problem, but you 'драться' with a bully in the street. Using 'драться' for social causes sounds very strange.

Another common pitfall is the omission of the reflexive suffix '-ся'. In Russian, бороть (without -ся) is an archaic or very specific term meaning 'to overcome' or 'to floor someone,' but in modern Russian, it is almost never used in its non-reflexive form. Always include '-ся' or '-сь' depending on the preceding letter. Furthermore, students often forget that бороться is imperfective. If you want to say 'I will fight and win,' you cannot just use бороться; you need a perfective verb to indicate the completion of the action. Finally, pay attention to the case: 'с' requires the instrumental case. Saying 'бороться с болезнь' (accusative) is a frequent error; it must be 'бороться с болезнью'.

Нужно бороться с вредными привычками (Instrumental plural).

While бороться is a versatile verb, Russian offers several synonyms and related terms that can provide more precision depending on the context. Understanding the nuances between these words will elevate your Russian from intermediate to advanced. Whether you are describing a military conflict, a verbal dispute, or a sporting competition, there is likely a more specific word available.

Сражаться (Srazhat'sya)
This word is more epic and often refers to battles or formal combat. It is 'to do battle.' While you can 'бороться' with a cold, you 'сражаться' in a war. It carries a more heroic and military connotation.
Воевать (Voevat')
Specifically means 'to be at war' or 'to wage war.' It can be used metaphorically (воевать с соседями - to be at odds with neighbors), but its primary sense is military conflict.
Соперничать (Sopernichat')
This means 'to rival' or 'to compete.' It is less about a 'fight' and more about a competition for a prize or status. It is common in business and romance.

Компании продолжают соперничать за внимание покупателей.

If you are looking for alternatives in a metaphorical sense, consider биться (to beat/to struggle hard). For example, 'биться над задачей' means to struggle intensely with a task. If the struggle is about resistance, сопротивляться (to resist) is more appropriate. In a legal or formal debate, оспаривать (to contest/dispute) might be the better choice. Understanding these distinctions helps you avoid the 'one-size-fits-all' approach to translation. For instance, in a boxing match, you wouldn't say they are 'boring' (unless they are clinching/wrestling); you would say they are 'boxiruet' or 'derutsya'. Choosing the right word demonstrates your grasp of the specific 'flavor' of the conflict.

Он долго бился над решением этой математической загадки.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"Стороны продолжают бороться за соблюдение международного права."

خنثی

"Мы боремся с сорняками в саду."

غیر رسمی

"Ну, поборемся ещё!"

Child friendly

"Мишки любят бороться на траве."

عامیانه

"Он чисто за респект борется."

نکته جالب

The root 'bor' is also found in the word 'oborona' (defense), meaning 'to fight off.' Even the word for 'fence' (zabor) comes from the idea of something that 'fights off' intruders.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /boˈrotʲsʲə/
US /boʊˈrot-syah/
The stress is on the second syllable: бо-РОТЬ-ся. This remains consistent in the infinitive.
هم‌قافیه با
заботиться (to care) колоться (to prick) полоться (to weed) пороться (to rip) перебороться (to overcome each other) набороться (to have wrestled enough) разбороться (to get into the swing of wrestling) пробороться (to wrestle for a while)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'тся' as 't-s-ya' instead of 'tsa'.
  • Misplacing the stress on the first or last syllable.
  • Forgetting to soften the 't' in the infinitive.
  • Mixing up the stress in conjugated forms (e.g., я борю́сь vs я бо́рюсь). Note: In modern Russian, the stress is on the root 'бор' in conjugated forms: бо́рюсь, бо́решься.
  • Failing to reduce the unstressed 'o' to an 'a' sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root is known.

نوشتن 4/5

Conjugation and reflexive endings can be tricky to spell correctly.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Maintaining the correct stress and 'tsa' sound takes practice.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clearly audible, but fast speech might blur the 'tsa' ending.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

драться сила против за мир

بعداً یاد بگیرید

побеждать сопротивление соперник достигать преодолевать

پیشرفته

противоборство единоборства самопожертвование непримиримость

گرامر لازم

Reflexive Verbs with -ся/-сь

я борюсь (ends i

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Я люблю бороться.

I love to wrestle.

Basic infinitive use.

2

Он хорошо борется.

He wrestles well.

3rd person singular conjugation.

3

Мы будем бороться.

We will fight/struggle.

Future tense with 'будем'.

4

Они борются на ковре.

They are wrestling on the mat.

3rd person plural.

5

Ты борешься?

Are you wrestling/fighting?

2nd person singular.

6

Она борется со сном.

She is fighting sleep.

Metaphorical use with 'с' + instrumental.

7

Дети борются в саду.

Children are play-fighting in the garden.

Plural noun and verb.

8

Бороться — это трудно.

To struggle/wrestle is difficult.

Infinitive as a subject.

1

Она борется с гриппом.

She is fighting the flu.

Use of 'с' + instrumental case.

2

Мы боремся за нашу команду.

We are fighting for our team.

Use of 'за' + accusative case.

3

Спортсмен борется за медаль.

The athlete is fighting for a medal.

Accusative case for the goal.

4

Нужно бороться с ленью каждый день.

One must fight laziness every day.

Impersonal 'нужно' with infinitive.

5

Они борются против правил.

They are fighting against the rules.

'Против' + genitive case.

6

Я борюсь со своими ошибками.

I am fighting with my mistakes.

Instrumental plural.

7

Вы боретесь за правду?

Are you (plural) fighting for the truth?

2nd person plural.

8

Он всегда борется до конца.

He always fights to the end.

Adverbial phrase 'до конца'.

1

Народ борется за свою независимость.

The people are fighting for their independence.

Abstract concept 'independence'.

2

Врачи борются за жизнь пациента.

Doctors are fighting for the patient's life.

Common idiomatic medical usage.

3

Мы должны бороться с загрязнением океана.

We must fight ocean pollution.

Environmental context.

4

Он борется со своим страхом высоты.

He is fighting his fear of heights.

Psychological struggle.

5

Компания борется за новых клиентов.

The company is fighting for new clients.

Business context.

6

Они борются с бедностью в регионе.

They are fighting poverty in the region.

Social issue context.

7

Я борюсь с искушением съесть торт.

I am fighting the temptation to eat the cake.

Everyday internal struggle.

8

Студенты борются за право на бесплатное образование.

Students are fighting for the right to free education.

Complex noun phrase as object.

1

Учёные борются с неизлечимыми болезнями.

Scientists are fighting incurable diseases.

Instrumental plural for 'diseases'.

2

Политики борются за голоса избирателей.

Politicians are fighting for voters' votes.

Political context.

3

Она долго боролась с депрессией.

She fought depression for a long time.

Past tense, mental health context.

4

Мы боремся против несправедливости в обществе.

We are fighting against injustice in society.

Formal 'против' usage.

5

Город борется со стихийным бедствием.

The city is fighting a natural disaster.

Collective subject 'city'.

6

Он борется за лидерство в своей области.

He is fighting for leadership in his field.

Career context.

7

Они борются за сохранение редких видов животных.

They are fighting to preserve rare animal species.

Complex purpose phrase.

8

Я борюсь с желанием всё бросить.

I am fighting the urge to give up everything.

Infinitive as object of 'желанием'.

1

Философы веками борются с вопросом о смысле жизни.

Philosophers have been struggling with the question of the meaning of life for centuries.

Abstract philosophical context.

2

Писатель борется с сопротивлением материала.

The writer is struggling with the resistance of the material (the prose).

Literary metaphor.

3

Правительство борется с последствиями экономического кризиса.

The government is struggling with the consequences of the economic crisis.

Complex social-economic context.

4

Она борется за сохранение культурного наследия.

She is fighting for the preservation of cultural heritage.

High-level cultural context.

5

Мы боремся с предрассудками, укоренившимися в умах.

We are fighting prejudices rooted in people's minds.

Participle phrase used as adjective.

6

Он борется с внутренними демонами своего прошлого.

He is fighting the internal demons of his past.

Metaphorical/literary usage.

7

Страна борется за право голоса на международной арене.

The country is fighting for a voice on the international stage.

Geopolitical context.

8

Они борются за чистоту русского языка.

They are fighting for the purity of the Russian language.

Linguistic purism context.

1

Человечество борется с энтропией, создавая порядок из хаоса.

Humanity struggles against entropy, creating order out of chaos.

Scientific/philosophical abstraction.

2

В его душе борются долг и страсть.

Duty and passion struggle within his soul.

Inversion, multiple subjects.

3

Она борется с косностью мышления своих современников.

She struggles against the stagnant thinking of her contemporaries.

Sophisticated vocabulary ('косность').

4

Поэт борется за каждое слово, за каждый звук.

The poet fights for every word, for every sound.

Artistic precision context.

5

Мы боремся с неумолимым бегом времени.

We struggle against the inexorable march of time.

Poetic/existential context.

6

Режиссёр борется за своё видение фильма против цензуры.

The director fights for his vision of the film against censorship.

Artistic freedom context.

7

Они борются с фатализмом, веря в силу человеческой воли.

They fight against fatalism, believing in the power of human will.

Ideological context.

8

В этом произведении автор борется с самой формой романа.

In this work, the author struggles with the very form of the novel.

Meta-literary context.

ترکیب‌های رایج

бороться за свободу
бороться с коррупцией
бороться за жизнь
бороться со сном
бороться за власть
бороться с бедностью
бороться за права
бороться с самим собой
бороться до конца
бороться за рынок

عبارات رایج

бороться за место под солнцем

бороться с ветряными мельницами

бороться не на жизнь, а на смерть

бороться голыми руками

бороться в одиночку

бороться за идею

бороться с лишним весом

бороться с обстоятельствами

бороться за выживание

бороться с системой

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"Бороться с ветряными мельницами"

Engaging in a futile or idealistic struggle against imaginary foes.

Он пытается изменить мир в одиночку, но это как бороться с ветряными мельницами.

literary

"Борьба за существование"

The struggle for existence (Darwinian concept).

В бизнесе идет постоянная борьба за существование.

academic

"В чужой монастырь со своим уставом не лезут (но он решил бороться)"

One shouldn't bring their own rules to someone else's house (but he decided to fight anyway).

Он пришел в новую компанию и начал бороться со всеми правилами.

informal

"Бороться до последней капли крови"

To fight to the very last drop of blood.

Защитники крепости боролись до последней капли крови.

historical/epic

"Бороться за правое дело"

To fight for a just cause.

Мы знаем, что боремся за правое дело.

formal

"Бороться с искушением"

To struggle with temptation.

Трудно бороться с искушением поспать подольше.

neutral

"Бороться с переменным успехом"

To fight with varying degrees of success.

Они боролись с переменным успехом в течение всего сезона.

neutral

"Бороться за чистоту рядов"

To purge a group of undesirable members.

Партия начала бороться за чистоту своих рядов.

political

"Бороться за умы и сердца"

To fight for people's minds and hearts (influence).

Пропаганда всегда борется за умы и сердца людей.

rhetorical

"Бороться с тенью"

Shadow boxing or fighting an unseen/non-existent enemy.

Он не знает, кто его враг, и просто борется с тенью.

metaphorical

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

борьба struggle, fight, wrestling
борец fighter, wrestler
борцовки wrestling shoes

فعل‌ها

побороться to fight/wrestle for a while (perfective)
перебороть to overcome, to overpower
забороть to defeat (colloquial)
разбороться to start wrestling intensely

صفت‌ها

борцовский wrestling (adj.), related to fighters
боевой combat, fighting, spirited

مرتبط

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روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'Bore' (someone boring) you have to 'fight' to stay awake with. Bo-rot-sya sounds like 'Bore-rot-ya'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine two bears (which starts with B) wrestling in a forest. Bears = Borot'sya.

شبکه واژگان

борьба борец спорт права свобода враг сила воля

چالش

Try to use 'бороться' in three different sentences today: one about a sport, one about a habit, and one about a goal.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Proto-Slavic *boriti, which meant 'to fight' or 'to strike.' It is related to the Old Church Slavonic 'борити'.

معنای اصلی: The root originally referred to physical striking or cutting, which evolved into the concept of a struggle or contest.

Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > East Slavic > Russian.

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using it in political contexts in Russia, as 'struggle for rights' can be a sensitive topic depending on the environment.

In English, 'fight' can be aggressive, but 'struggle' is often more passive. 'Бороться' bridges both, often leaning towards a noble, active struggle.

Ivan Poddubny - a famous Russian professional wrestler known as the 'Champion of Champions'. The slogan 'В борьбе обретёшь ты право своё' (In struggle you will find your right). Dostoevsky's 'The Brothers Karamazov', where characters struggle with God and morality.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Sports

  • выйти на ковер
  • одержать победу
  • проиграть в борьбе
  • честная борьба

Medicine

  • бороться с инфекцией
  • организм борется
  • бороться за жизнь
  • силы для борьбы

Politics

  • политическая борьба
  • бороться за голоса
  • бороться против коррупции
  • вступить в борьбу

Psychology

  • бороться со страхом
  • внутренняя борьба
  • бороться с комплексами
  • бороться за счастье

Business

  • бороться за рынок
  • конкурентная борьба
  • бороться за клиента
  • бороться с убытками

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"За что, по-вашему, стоит бороться в жизни?"

"Вы когда-нибудь занимались борьбой как спортом?"

"Как вы боретесь с ленью по утрам?"

"Трудно ли бороться с общественным мнением?"

"С какими экологическими проблемами мы должны бороться в первую очередь?"

موضوعات نگارش

Опишите ситуацию, когда вам пришлось бороться за свои убеждения.

Как вы боретесь со стрессом в повседневной жизни? Какие методы самые эффективные?

Считаете ли вы, что жизнь — это постоянная борьба? Почему?

Если бы вы могли бороться за одно изменение в мире, что бы это было?

Расскажите о своей самой большой внутренней борьбе в этом году.

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