缺勤 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 缺勤 is a formal Chinese noun meaning 'absence from work or school,' used primarily in HR and administrative contexts to record non-attendance.
- It combines 'quē' (lack) and 'qín' (attendance/diligence), focusing on the objective fact that a person is missing from their scheduled duty.
- Unlike the casual 'méi lái,' 缺勤 is used in official reports, contracts, and grades to track reliability and calculate payroll deductions accurately.
- Key collocations include 'absenteeism rate' (缺勤率) and 'unexcused absence' (无故缺勤), making it essential for professional communication in Chinese environments.
The Chinese term 缺勤 (quēqín) is a formal noun that describes the state of being absent from one's duties, specifically in a professional or academic setting. It is composed of two characters: 缺 (quē), meaning 'lack' or 'missing,' and 勤 (qín), which in this context refers to 'attendance' or 'work' (derived from 出勤 chūqín). Together, they literally translate to 'lacking attendance.' This word is not typically used in casual conversation among friends to describe missing a dinner date; rather, it belongs to the domain of Human Resources, school administration, and formal reporting. When an employee fails to show up for their shift or a student misses a required lecture without a sanctioned excuse, it is recorded as 缺勤.
- Formal Context
- In a corporate environment, the HR department tracks the 'absenteeism rate' (缺勤率). High levels of 缺勤 can lead to disciplinary action or termination. It is a neutral term that simply states the fact of absence, though it often carries a negative connotation regarding reliability.
- Academic Context
- Universities use this term to describe students who miss mandatory classes. A student's final grade might be lowered if their 缺勤 exceeds a certain threshold established by the syllabus.
公司规定，无故缺勤三天将被视为自动离职。
Understanding the nuance between 缺勤 and other words for 'absence' is crucial. While 缺席 (quēxí) is used for missing a specific meeting or event, 缺勤 refers to the broader concept of missing work or school hours. It is the official record of one's non-presence. For example, if you are absent for the whole day, it is 缺勤; if you just miss the 10:00 AM meeting, it is 缺席.
由于流感爆发，本周员工的缺勤人数显著增加。
- Legal Implications
- In labor law, documenting 缺勤 is essential for calculating wages and determining if a contract has been breached by the employee.
The word 缺勤 functions primarily as a noun, but it can also be used as a verb in certain contexts, though '出现缺勤' (occurrence of absence) or '由于...而缺勤' (absent due to...) are more common structures. It is frequently paired with modifiers that describe the reason or the frequency of the absence.
他在过去的一个月里没有一天缺勤。
When using it as a noun, it often follows verbs like 造成 (zàochéng - to cause) or 记录 (jìlù - to record). For example, '长期缺勤造成了项目延期' (Long-term absenteeism caused project delays). It can also be modified by adjectives like 无故 (wúgù - without reason) or 频繁 (pínfán - frequent).
- Structure: [Subject] + [Time] + [Reason] + 缺勤
- Example: 小王昨天因病缺勤。 (Xiao Wang was absent yesterday due to illness.)
- Structure: [Verb] + 缺勤
- Example: 经理正在核对员工的缺勤记录。 (The manager is checking the employees' absence records.)
频繁的缺勤会影响你的职业发展。
In administrative writing, you will often see it used in compound nouns. 缺勤率 (quēqín lǜ) refers to the absenteeism rate, a key metric for HR departments to gauge employee morale and health. Another common phrase is 缺勤奖金 (quēqín jiǎngjīn), though more commonly referred to as 全勤奖 (quánqín jiǎng - perfect attendance bonus), which is the reward for *not* having any 缺勤.
While you won't hear 缺勤 at a vegetable market or during a casual dinner, it is ubiquitous in professional settings across the Chinese-speaking world. Here are the primary environments where this word is used:
- Human Resources (HR) Offices
- When HR managers discuss payroll, they will use 缺勤 to calculate deductions. You might hear: '这个月的缺勤天数有点多' (There are quite a few days of absence this month).
- School Administrative Offices
- Teachers and administrators use it to track student attendance. '缺勤记录' (absence records) are often shared with parents during conferences.
- News and Economic Reports
- Journalists use the term when discussing labor trends. For example, during a pandemic, news anchors might report on high 缺勤 rates leading to supply chain disruptions.
根据我们的缺勤统计，周一的缺勤率通常最高。
In a modern office, you might also see this word in digital formats. Apps like DingTalk (钉钉) or WeChat Work (企业微信) have attendance modules where '缺勤' is a status label next to an employee's name if they haven't clocked in by the required time. It is the digital mark of non-attendance that triggers automated systems.
Learners often struggle with the distinction between 缺勤 and similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. Avoiding these mistakes will make your Chinese sound much more professional and precise.
- Mistake 1: Confusing 缺勤 with 缺席 (quēxí)
- As mentioned, 缺勤 is for work/school attendance over a period, while 缺席 is for missing a specific meeting, banquet, or seat. You '缺席' a wedding, but you '缺勤' from your job at the bank.
- Mistake 2: Confusing 缺勤 with 旷工 (kuànggōng)
- 缺勤 is a neutral, factual term. 旷工 specifically means 'to skip work without leave' or 'to be AWOL.' If you are sick and tell your boss, it is 缺勤 but NOT 旷工. Using 旷工 implies a violation of rules.
- Mistake 3: Using 缺勤 in casual speech
- If you tell a friend '我昨天在学校缺勤了' (I was absent at school yesterday), it sounds like you are reading from a police report. Instead, say '我昨天没去上课' (I didn't go to class yesterday).
错误：他因为生病在会议上缺勤了。
正确：他因为生病在会议上缺席了。
To broaden your vocabulary, it's helpful to see how 缺勤 fits into the family of words related to presence and absence. Each has a specific nuance.
- 旷工 (kuànggōng)
- Skipping work without permission. This is much more serious than 缺勤 and usually leads to punishment.
- 旷课 (kuàngkè)
- The student version of 旷工. It means skipping class without an excuse.
- 缺席 (quēxí)
- Missing a specific event or 'seat.' Used for meetings, ceremonies, and parties.
- 请假 (qǐngjià)
- To ask for leave. This is the action you take to avoid being marked as 'unexcused 缺勤'.
对比：
1. 他今天缺勤了。（客观陈述）
2. 他今天旷工了。（指责他不负责任）
In formal writing, you might also encounter 虚报出勤 (xūbào chūqín), which means to falsely report attendance when one was actually 缺勤. This is a form of workplace fraud. On the positive side, 全勤 (quánqín) is the antonym, representing 100% attendance. Many Chinese companies offer a 全勤奖 (perfect attendance bonus) to discourage 缺勤.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
他今天缺勤了。
He is absent today.
Simple subject + time + verb/noun structure.
谁缺勤了？
Who is absent?
Question word '谁' (who) used with the term.
我不缺勤。
I am not absent.
Negative '不' used before the noun/verb.
他没有缺勤。
He was not absent.
Using '没有' for past negation.
老师看缺勤。
The teacher looks at the absences.
Basic verb-object structure.
学生缺勤。
The student is absent.
Noun + noun/verb structure.
今天有人缺勤吗？
Is anyone absent today?
Using '有人' (there is someone) in a question.
他很少缺勤。
He is rarely absent.
Using '很少' (rarely) as an adverb.
他因为生病缺勤了。
He was absent because he was sick.
Using '因为...而...' (because of) logic.
这是一张缺勤表。
This is an absence sheet.
Using '表' (list/sheet) to form a compound noun.
你为什么缺勤？
Why are you absent?
Using '为什么' to ask for a reason.
他上周缺勤了两天。
He was absent for two days last week.
Specifying the duration of absence.
缺勤是不好的。
Being absent is not good.
Using the noun as a subject.
请不要无故缺勤。
Please do not be absent without reason.
Using '无故' (without reason) as a formal modifier.
公司记录他的缺勤。
The company records his absences.
Verb '记录' (to record) + object.
他在学校有很多缺勤。
He has many absences at school.
Using '有很多' to indicate frequency.
频繁的缺勤会导致你失去这份工作。
Frequent absenteeism will lead to you losing this job.
Using '会导致' (will lead to) to show consequence.
我们需要统计这个月的缺勤率。
We need to calculate the absenteeism rate for this month.
Noun compound '缺勤率' (absenteeism rate).
如果你缺勤，必须提前通知经理。
If you are absent, you must notify the manager in advance.
Conditional '如果...必须...' structure.
他的缺勤记录非常糟糕。
His absence record is very bad.
Using '记录' as a noun modified by '缺勤'.
因公出差不属于缺勤。
Business trips do not count as absences.
Using '属于' (belong to/count as) in the negative.
我们要调查缺勤的原因。
We need to investigate the reasons for the absences.
Verb '调查' (investigate) + object.
他上个月没有任何缺勤。
He didn't have any absences last month.
Using '任何' (any) for emphasis in negation.
学校对缺勤有严格的规定。
The school has strict regulations regarding absence.
Prepositional phrase '对...有规定'.
由于交通罢工，许多员工被迫缺勤。
Due to the transport strike, many employees were forced to be absent.
Passive structure '被迫' (be forced to).
长期缺勤可能会影响团队的整体进度。
Long-term absenteeism may affect the overall progress of the team.
Using '可能会' (might) to express possibility.
公司政策规定，无故缺勤将扣除当日工资。
Company policy stipulates that unexcused absence will result in a deduction of the day's wages.
Formal verb '规定' (stipulate) and '扣除' (deduct).
即使是因病缺勤，也需要提交医生证明。
Even for absence due to illness, a doctor's certificate must be submitted.
Conjunction '即使...也...' (even if... still...).
缺勤人数的增加反映了员工士气的低落。
The increase in absences reflects low employee morale.
Verb '反映' (reflect) used in a complex sentence.
他试图掩盖自己多次缺勤的事实。
He tried to cover up the fact of his multiple absences.
Verb '掩盖' (cover up) + noun phrase.
为了减少缺勤，公司设立了全勤奖。
To reduce absenteeism, the company established a perfect attendance award.
Purpose clause '为了...' (in order to).
人力资源部正在分析缺勤数据。
The HR department is analyzing the absence data.
Present continuous using '正在' (in the middle of).
该报告详细分析了缺勤对生产效率的负面影响。
The report provides a detailed analysis of the negative impact of absenteeism on production efficiency.
Complex noun phrase as subject.
企业应当建立完善的考勤制度以规范员工的缺勤行为。
Enterprises should establish a sound attendance system to regulate employee absence behavior.
Using '应当' (should) and '以' (in order to) in formal prose.
在某些行业，慢性缺勤已成为一个严重的管理难题。
In some industries, chronic absenteeism has become a serious management challenge.
Adjective '慢性' (chronic) modifying '缺勤'.
劳动合同法对因长期缺勤而解除合同有明确规定。
The Labor Contract Law has clear provisions on the termination of contracts due to long-term absence.
Prepositional structure '对...有明确规定'.
我们必须区分合理的病假和故意的缺勤。
We must distinguish between legitimate sick leave and intentional absence.
Verb '区分' (distinguish) + A and B.
缺勤不仅是个人问题，更是组织文化的体现。
Absenteeism is not just a personal issue, but more importantly, a reflection of organizational culture.
Correlative conjunction '不仅...更是...' (not only... but even more...).
通过弹性工作制，公司成功降低了缺勤率。
Through flexible working hours, the company successfully reduced the absenteeism rate.
Instrumental phrase '通过...' (through/by means of).
他因连续旷工而被记为严重缺勤。
He was recorded as having a serious absence due to continuous skipping of work.
Passive marker '被' (by) + verb.
缺勤现象的蔓延往往预示着企业内部潜伏的治理危机。
The spread of absenteeism often foreshadows a lurking governance crisis within the enterprise.
Highly formal vocabulary like '蔓延' (spread) and '预示' (foreshadow).
深入探讨缺勤背后的社会心理因素，对于提升企业凝聚力至关重要。
A deep exploration of the socio-psychological factors behind absenteeism is crucial for enhancing corporate cohesion.
Complex gerund-like subject phrase '深入探讨...'.
在后疫情时代，远程办公模糊了传统意义上‘缺勤’的界限。
In the post-pandemic era, remote work has blurred the boundaries of 'absenteeism' in the traditional sense.
Abstract verb '模糊' (to blur) and specific temporal phrase '后疫情时代'.
法律专家指出，雇主在处理员工缺勤时必须遵循程序正义。
Legal experts point out that employers must follow procedural justice when dealing with employee absences.
Academic term '程序正义' (procedural justice).
该项研究旨在量化缺勤对国民经济总产值的潜在损耗。
The study aims to quantify the potential loss of absenteeism to the gross national product.
Formal purpose verb '旨在' (aim to) and '量化' (quantify).
若能有效遏制缺勤风气，企业的运营成本将大幅下降。
If the trend of absenteeism can be effectively curbed, the operating costs of the enterprise will drop significantly.
Classical Chinese '若' (if) used in formal modern prose.
员工的缺勤行为可能源于工作压力与生活平衡的失调。
Employees' absence behavior may stem from the imbalance between work pressure and life balance.
Verb '源于' (originate from/stem from).
通过对缺勤样本的纵向研究，我们发现了明显的季节性规律。
Through a longitudinal study of absence samples, we have discovered clear seasonal patterns.
Research terminology '纵向研究' (longitudinal study).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— A document detailing who was absent and why. Used in corporate or school management.
请在周五前提交本周的缺勤报告。
— The total number of days an individual has been absent. Crucial for payroll.
你的缺勤天数已经超过了规定范围。
— Being absent due to personal matters or errands. Usually requires a 'personal leave' request.
他今天因事缺勤，明天会回来。
— Compensation or adjustments made due to being absent. Less common than 'deductions'.
公司没有关于缺勤补偿的政策。
— The system or process of tracking and handling absences within an organization.
缺勤管理是人力资源部的重要工作。
— Being absent once in a while, usually not seen as a major problem.
虽然他偶尔缺勤，但工作表现一直很好。
— Being absent for several days in a row without interruption.
连续缺勤三天以上需要提供详细说明。
— The reason or justification provided for being absent.
请在表格中填写你的缺勤事由。
— Money deducted from a salary because of absences.
工资条上显示了一笔缺勤扣款。
— Absences that were not scheduled in advance, like emergencies or sudden illness.
非计划缺勤往往会对生产线造成干扰。
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To do something inconsistently; to have frequent 'absences' from a task. Literally: fishing for three days and drying the net for two.
他学中文总是三天打鱼两天晒网，经常缺勤课后练习。
Informal/Idiomatic— Not attending to one's proper business or duty. Often used to describe someone who is frequently absent to pursue hobbies.
他整天不务正业，在公司里的缺勤率极高。
Formal/Disapproving— To hold a position without doing any work. While not direct 'absence,' it implies a mental 'absenteeism'.
这种尸位素餐的员工，即使不缺勤也对公司没贡献。
Literary/Archaic— To disappear without a trace. Used figuratively when someone is absent and cannot be reached.
到了上班时间，他却无影无踪，这算严重缺勤。
Descriptive— To do things half-heartedly. Related to 'presenteeism' where one is physically there but mentally absent.
他虽然没有缺勤，但工作总是敷衍了事。
Common— Neglect of duty. A very serious legal term often involving unexcused absence.
该官员因玩忽职守和长期缺勤被免职。
Legal/Formal— To idle about; to be a loafer. Describes the personality of someone who might frequently be absent.
他游手好闲，经常无故缺勤。
Disapproving— To follow the prescribed order. The opposite of 'absenteeism' behavior.
他工作按部就班，从不缺勤。
Commendatory— To work hard for one day and then be idle for ten. Describes inconsistent attendance.
学习不能一曝十寒，更不能随意缺勤。
Literary— Cautious and conscientious. The trait of someone who never has an unexcused absence.
他兢兢业业工作三十年，从未缺勤。
Summary
缺勤 (quēqín) is the formal term for 'absenteeism.' Use it when discussing workplace or school attendance records. For example: '他因病缺勤' (He is absent due to illness). Avoid using it in casual social settings.
- 缺勤 is a formal Chinese noun meaning 'absence from work or school,' used primarily in HR and administrative contexts to record non-attendance.
- It combines 'quē' (lack) and 'qín' (attendance/diligence), focusing on the objective fact that a person is missing from their scheduled duty.
- Unlike the casual 'méi lái,' 缺勤 is used in official reports, contracts, and grades to track reliability and calculate payroll deductions accurately.
- Key collocations include 'absenteeism rate' (缺勤率) and 'unexcused absence' (无故缺勤), making it essential for professional communication in Chinese environments.
مثال
由于生病，他本周有两次缺勤记录。
محتوای مرتبط
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