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B1 noun #4,500 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

摘要

zhaiyao رتبه 4,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 摘要 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 摘要 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '摘要' (zhāyào) yourself very often, as it is quite formal. However, you might see it in a simple book or on a website. Think of it as a 'short story' of a long text. If a book has 100 pages, the '摘要' might be just half a page. It helps you understand what the book is about without reading everything. At this level, just remember that '摘' (zhāi) is like picking flowers, and '要' (yào) means 'important.' So, you are 'picking the important things.' In very simple terms, it is a 'short version.' You might see it on a news website next to a picture. If you see this word, know that the text following it will be short and easy to understand compared to the full article.

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By A2, you are starting to read more structured texts. You will encounter '摘要' in your textbooks or in simple news reports for Chinese learners. When your teacher asks you to 'tell the main idea' of a story, they are asking for the '大意' (dàyì), but in a formal test, the heading for that section might be '内容摘要' (Content Summary). You should recognize that this word indicates a professional summary. It is not just a casual chat; it is a written piece that represents a longer document. You can start using it in sentences like '我读了摘要' (I read the summary). It is a useful word to know when you are looking for information quickly on the internet, as many Chinese websites provide a '摘要' for their long blog posts.

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At the B1 level, '摘要' becomes a key vocabulary word for your academic or professional life. You are expected to know how to write a simple summary of a text you have read. In B1 level exams like the HSK 4, you might be asked to identify the '摘要' of a paragraph. You should understand that a 摘要 must include the most important facts and should not include your personal opinion. It is a neutral extraction of information. You will use it when talking about your studies or your job, such as '这份报告的摘要在这里' (The summary of this report is here). You should also be able to distinguish it from '总结' (summary/conclusion), knowing that '摘要' is usually at the beginning of a document to introduce it, while '总结' is at the end.

At B2, you should be comfortable using '摘要' in formal writing. If you are writing a report or a small thesis in Chinese, you must include a '摘要' at the top. You should know that there are different types, like '论文摘要' (academic abstract) and '新闻摘要' (news brief). You should also be able to use more complex verbs with it, such as '撰写摘要' (to compose an abstract) or '提取摘要' (to extract a summary). At this level, you are expected to understand that a good 摘要 is concise (简洁) and accurate (准确). You will also start to see it in legal and medical contexts, where '摘要' refers to a summary of a case or a patient's history. Your ability to synthesize information into a 摘要 is a key skill tested at this level.

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For C1 learners, '摘要' is a word you use with precision. You understand the stylistic requirements of a professional abstract in Chinese, such as using the third person and avoiding flowery language. You can discuss the quality of a 摘要, noting if it is '精炼' (pithy) or '冗长' (wordy). You will encounter '摘要' in high-level academic journals and complex business contracts. You should also be aware of related terms like '提要' (summary/abstract) and how they differ slightly in classical or bibliographical contexts. At this level, you might be tasked with '摘要' (verb) a complex document for a superior, which requires not just language skills but also the ability to prioritize information correctly within a specific professional framework.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of '摘要'. You understand its historical roots and how the concept of 'picking the essentials' has evolved in Chinese literature. You can differentiate between a '摘要' (abstract), a '综述' (literature review), and a '述评' (review and commentary) with ease. You are capable of writing professional-grade abstracts for international conferences in Chinese, following all the nuances of academic register. You might also use the word metaphorically in high-level discussions, such as '摘要其精髓' (extracting the essence). Your understanding of the word is not just as a label for a section of a paper, but as a critical cognitive tool for information management in the Chinese-speaking world.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

摘要 در ۳۰ ثانیه

摘要 (zhāyào) means 'abstract' or 'summary' in a formal sense, often used in academic, legal, and professional documents to highlight key points.
The character 摘 means 'to pluck' and 要 means 'essential,' perfectly describing the process of selecting the most important information from a text.
It is commonly found at the beginning of research papers, news reports, and business briefs as a structural element for quick reading.
Unlike the casual 'dàyì' (gist), 摘要 implies a systematic and objective extraction process suitable for formal records and databases.

The word 摘要 (zhāyào) is a compound noun in Chinese that translates most directly to 'abstract' or 'summary.' In the landscape of Chinese vocabulary, it sits at a formal to semi-formal level, frequently appearing in academic, professional, and journalistic contexts. To understand its essence, we look at its components: 摘 (zhāi) means 'to pick' or 'to pluck,' and 要 (yào) means 'essential' or 'important.' Together, they describe the act of picking out the most essential parts of a larger body of work.

Academic Context: In universities and research institutions, 摘要 refers specifically to the 'abstract' found at the beginning of a thesis or scientific paper. It outlines the purpose, methodology, and findings in a condensed format.
Business Context: In a corporate setting, it is used for 'executive summaries' or 'briefs' of reports, meeting minutes, or project proposals, allowing busy managers to grasp the core message quickly.

请在提交论文前写一份五百字的摘要。(Please write a 500-word abstract before submitting the paper.)

While words like 总结 (zǒngjié) focus on the conclusion or final result, 摘要 focuses on the representative selection of points throughout the entire text. It is a structural element of a document rather than just a conversational recap. You will see it listed in table of contents, on the first page of news articles, or as a metadata field in digital libraries.

这篇文章的摘要写得很清楚。(The summary of this article is written very clearly.)

News Media: Journalists use 摘要 to provide a 'TL;DR' (Too Long; Didn't Read) section at the top of long-form investigative reports.

新闻摘要能帮我快速了解热点。(News summaries help me quickly understand trending topics.)

In terms of register, 摘要 is slightly more formal than 大意 (dàyì) (general idea) and more technical than 简述 (jiǎnshù) (brief account). It implies a systematic extraction process. If you are summarizing a movie plot to a friend, you wouldn't use 摘要; you'd use 剧情简介 (jùqíng jiǎnjiè). Use 摘要 when the context involves formal documentation or structured information retrieval.

这份报告的摘要包括了三个重点。(The summary of this report includes three key points.)

Legal/Contractual: In legal documents, a 'case summary' or 'clause abstract' is referred to as 摘要 to simplify complex jargon for clients.

律师提供了一份合同摘要。(The lawyer provided a summary of the contract.)

Using 摘要 (zhāyào) correctly requires understanding its role as both a noun (most common) and occasionally as a verb (to summarize/extract). In B1 level Chinese, you will mostly use it as a noun. It often pairs with verbs like 写 (xiě - write), 阅读 (yuèdú - read), or 提供 (tígōng - provide).

As a Subject: When the summary itself is performing an action or being described. Example: 'The abstract explains the method.'

摘要简洁明了。(The summary is concise and clear.)

When describing the content of the summary, use the particle 的 (de). For example, 'the summary of the book' is 书的摘要. This is the most natural way to link the source material to the summary itself.

As an Object: When you are creating or receiving the summary. Example: 'I read the summary.'

我读了这篇文章的摘要。(I read the abstract of this article.)

请写一页纸的摘要。(Please write a one-page summary.)

Verb Usage (Formal): While rare in casual speech, in formal writing, 摘要 can act as a verb meaning 'to summarize and extract'.

他把会议内容摘要如下。(He summarized the meeting content as follows.)

A common pattern is [Source] + 摘要. For instance, 新闻摘要 (news summary), 论文摘要 (thesis abstract), 会议摘要 (meeting summary). This compound structure is very efficient in Chinese and is used extensively in document labeling.

这份摘要涵盖了所有关键信息。(This summary covers all the key information.)

Negative Sentences: Use '没有' (méiyǒu) to indicate a document lacks a summary.

这本书没有摘要，我得从头读。(This book doesn't have a summary; I have to read it from the beginning.)

In a modern Chinese-speaking environment, 摘要 (zhāyào) is ubiquitous in digital and professional spaces. It isn't a 'slang' word, so you won't hear it shouted in a wet market, but you will hear it in every office, library, and news broadcast.

On the Radio/News: Radio stations often have a segment called '新闻摘要' (News Summary) at the top of the hour. It's the equivalent of 'The News in Brief.'

欢迎收听今日新闻摘要。(Welcome to today's news summary.)

In the world of academia (Higher Education), 摘要 is a word students live by. When searching for papers on CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), the 摘要 is the primary text field users scan to decide if a paper is relevant. Professors will often say, '先看摘要' (Look at the abstract first).

In Corporate Meetings: During a PowerPoint presentation, a slide might be titled '内容摘要' to outline the agenda or key takeaways.

为了节省时间，我只说一下摘要。(To save time, I will only talk about the summary.)

你的英文摘要翻译得不错。(Your English abstract is translated well.)

Digital Apps: Reading apps like 'WeChat Reading' or news aggregators like 'Toutiao' use 摘要 as a technical term for the preview text shown in lists.

点击摘要可以阅读全文。(Click the summary to read the full text.)

You will also find this word in library catalogs. When you look up a book, the 'Description' or 'Synopsis' field is often labeled as 摘要. It serves as a metadata tool to help catalogers and readers categorize knowledge.

图书馆的系统里有书籍摘要。(The library system has book summaries.)

Legal Records: In courtrooms or police reports, '案情摘要' (Case summary) is the standard term for a quick overview of a legal matter.

警官正在写案情摘要。(The officer is writing the case summary.)

Even though 摘要 (zhāyào) seems straightforward, learners often confuse it with other 'summary' words or use it in the wrong register. The most common mistake is using it for casual story-telling or social interactions.

Confusion with 总结 (zǒngjié): Mistake: Using 摘要 when you mean 'to conclude' or 'a final summary of a project.' 总结 is for the end of a process (e.g., year-end summary), while 摘要 is a condensed version of a text.

❌ 年终摘要 (Year-end abstract) - Sounds like a scientific paper about the year.
✅ 年终总结 (Year-end summary) - The standard term for a work review.

Another mistake is using 摘要 for the plot of a movie or book when talking to friends. In that case, 大意 (dàyì) or 简介 (jiǎnjiè) is much more natural. 摘要 sounds too much like you're submitting it for a grade or a database.

Register Errors: Mistake: Using 摘要 in a text message to a friend about a party. It's too formal.

❌ 昨晚聚会的摘要很有趣。(The abstract of last night's party was fun.)
✅ 昨晚聚会的情况很有趣。(The situation of last night's party was fun.)

❌ 这篇文章的滴要 (Dīyào) - Meaningless.
✅ 这篇文章的摘要 (Zhāyào) - Correct.

Over-summarizing: Mistake: Thinking 摘要 must be very short (like one sentence). In academic contexts, a 摘要 can be quite detailed, often 200-500 words.

虽然是摘要，但也要写出核心数据。(Even though it's an abstract, you must include core data.)

Finally, learners sometimes forget that 摘要 is primarily a noun. While it can be a verb, it requires a specific structure (like '摘要如下'). Using it as a simple verb like 'I summary the book' is grammatically incorrect in Chinese.

❌ 我摘要了这本书。(I 'abstracted' this book.)
✅ 我给这本书写了摘要。(I wrote an abstract for this book.)

Confusion with 提纲 (tígāng): 提纲 is an 'outline' (written before you write the full text). 摘要 is a 'summary' (written after or as a representation of the full text).

写论文前先写提纲，写完后再写摘要。(Write an outline before the paper, and an abstract after finishing.)

Chinese has a rich set of words for 'summary' depending on the length, purpose, and formality. Understanding the nuances between 摘要 (zhāyào) and its synonyms will elevate your Chinese from functional to precise.

摘要 vs. 总结 (zǒngjié): 摘要 is a condensed version of the whole. 总结 is a concluding statement or a review of performance. You write a 摘要 for an article, but you do a 总结 for a year of work.
摘要 vs. 梗概 (gěnggài): 梗概 is used almost exclusively for the 'synopsis' of a story, plot, or narrative. 摘要 is for factual, academic, or professional information. You wouldn't call a movie synopsis a 摘要.
摘要 vs. 大意 (dàyì): 大意 means 'general idea' or 'gist.' It is much more casual. You use it when you want someone to tell you the 'long story short' in a conversation.

虽然我没看全文，但我知道它的大意。(Although I didn't read the full text, I know the general idea.)

Another technical alternative is 综述 (zōngshù). A 综述 is a 'comprehensive review' or 'overview' that synthesizes many different sources, whereas a 摘要 is usually a summary of just one specific document.

这本小说的梗概很吸引人。(The synopsis of this novel is very attractive.)

Summary Comparison Table

Word	Best For	Formality
摘要	Papers, Reports	High
总结	Reviews, Results	Medium
梗概	Stories, Plots	Medium
大意	Conversation	Low

老板要求写一份项目摘要。(The boss asked for a project summary.)

In summary (pun intended), use 摘要 when you want to sound professional and scholarly. If you use it correctly, you'll sound like someone who knows how to handle information efficiently.

这篇文章的摘要非常精准。(The abstract of this article is very precise.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In ancient Chinese bibliographies, scholars would 'pluck' (摘) the most important sentences from scrolls to create a manual for kings, which was the precursor to the modern 'abstract.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /dʒɑː.jaʊ/

US /dʒɑ.jaʊ/

The stress is balanced, but the 4th tone on 'yào' makes it sound more forceful than the 1st tone 'zhā'.

هم‌قافیه با

插 (chā) 花 (huā) 家 (jiā) 笑 (xiào) 叫 (jiào) 道 (dào) 报 (bào) 考 (kǎo)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'zh' as 'z' (zāyào instead of zhāyào).
Using the wrong tone for 'yào' (e.g., 1st tone instead of 4th).
Confusing 'zhā' with 'shā'.
Pronouncing 'yào' like 'yè'.
Failing to aspirate or curl the tongue for the retroflex 'zh'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Easy to recognize in context as a heading or label.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal characters '摘' and '要'.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is moderate; retroflex 'zh' can be tricky.

گوش دادن 3/5

Common in news and academic settings.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

重要内容文章写读

بعداً یاد بگیرید

概括总结论文关键词主旨

پیشرفته

提要综述洗练归纳核心

گرامر لازم

Using '的' (de) to link source and summary.

书的摘要 (The book's summary).

Measure word '篇' (piān) for written works.

三篇摘要 (Three abstracts).

Resultative complement '成' (chéng) for transformation.

摘要成三点 (Summarize into three points).

Formal subject placement in abstracts.

本文摘要探讨了... (This abstract discusses...).

Using '如下' (rúxià) to introduce a list/summary.

摘要如下：(The summary is as follows:)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这是书的摘要。

This is the summary of the book.

Simple Noun + 的 + 摘要 structure.

摘要很短。

The summary is very short.

Subject + Adjective structure.

我看摘要。

I read the summary.

Subject + Verb + Object.

摘要在这里。

The summary is here.

Using '在这里' to indicate location.

他不看摘要。

He does not read the summary.

Negative '不' with a verb.

这是一篇摘要。

This is a summary.

Using the measure word '篇' (piān) for articles/abstracts.

摘要很有用。

The summary is very useful.

Adjective '有用' (useful).

请读摘要。

Please read the summary.

Polite request using '请'.

这份报告有摘要吗？

Does this report have a summary?

Question using '吗'.

我需要写一个摘要。

I need to write a summary.

Using '需要' (need) + verb.

摘要写在第一页。

The summary is written on the first page.

Passive-like structure with '写在'.

新闻摘要很简单。

The news summary is very simple.

Compound noun '新闻摘要'.

老师给了我们摘要。

The teacher gave us the summary.

Verb '给' (give) with indirect and direct objects.

你读过这篇文章的摘要吗？

Have you read the summary of this article?

Using '过' for past experience.

摘要里有重点。

There are key points in the summary.

Prepositional phrase '摘要里' (inside the summary).

请把摘要打印出来。

Please print out the summary.

Using the '把' (bǎ) construction.

每篇学术论文都需要一份摘要。

Every academic paper needs an abstract.

Using '每...都' (every... all).

摘要应该包含研究的主要发现。

The abstract should contain the main findings of the research.

Modal verb '应该' (should).

他只看了摘要，没看全文。

He only read the abstract, not the full text.

Contrast using '只...没...'.

请为你的文章写一段摘要。

Please write a paragraph of summary for your article.

Using '为' (for) to indicate the beneficiary/object.

摘要的字数不能超过两百字。

The word count of the abstract cannot exceed two hundred words.

Using '不能超过' (cannot exceed).

这份合同的摘要非常清晰。

The summary of this contract is very clear.

Adverb '非常' + Adjective.

你可以通过摘要了解内容。

You can understand the content through the summary.

Using '通过' (through/by means of).

会议摘要已经发到你的邮箱了。

The meeting summary has been sent to your email.

Resultative complement '发到' + '了'.

摘要必须准确概括文章的核心观点。

The abstract must accurately summarize the core viewpoints of the article.

Adverb '准确' (accurately) modifying the verb '概括'.

在撰写摘要时，要注意逻辑性。

When composing an abstract, pay attention to logic.

Structure '在...时' (while/at the time of).

这篇摘要翻译得不够地道。

This abstract is not translated authentically enough.

Complement of degree '得不够...'.

通过阅读摘要，我决定下载这篇文献。

By reading the abstract, I decided to download this literature.

Using '通过...决定...'.

摘要不仅要简短，还要全面。

An abstract should not only be short but also comprehensive.

Correlation '不仅...还要...'.

请根据摘要内容回答问题。

Please answer the questions based on the content of the summary.

Using '根据' (based on).

该论文的中文摘要和英文摘要不一致。

The Chinese and English abstracts of this paper are inconsistent.

Formal word '该' (this/that) and '不一致' (inconsistent).

摘要通常放在正文的前面。

The abstract is usually placed before the main text.

Adverb '通常' (usually).

撰写高质量的摘要需要极强的归纳能力。

Writing a high-quality abstract requires extremely strong inductive abilities.

Subject is a verbal phrase '撰写高质量的摘要'.

摘要应避免使用过于晦涩的专业术语。

The abstract should avoid using overly obscure professional terminology.

Formal modal '应' (should) and verb '避免' (avoid).

作者在摘要中巧妙地揭示了研究的创新点。

The author skillfully revealed the innovation points of the research in the abstract.

Adverbial '在摘要中' and adverb '巧妙地' (skillfully).

由于摘要过于简略，读者很难把握文章的主旨。

Because the abstract is too brief, it is difficult for readers to grasp the main theme of the article.

Conjunction '由于' (due to) and '很难' (difficult to).

这份案情摘要为律师提供了重要的参考依据。

This case summary provided important reference grounds for the lawyer.

Double object-like structure with '为...提供'.

摘要的质量直接影响到论文的引用率。

The quality of the abstract directly affects the citation rate of the paper.

Adverb '直接' (directly) and verb '影响到' (affect).

他擅长将冗长的会议记录摘要成几条核心信息。

He is good at summarizing long meeting minutes into a few core pieces of information.

Using '摘要' as a verb with '成' (into).

该期刊要求摘要必须包含关键词。

The journal requires that the abstract must include keywords.

Using '要求' (require) with a clause.

摘要不仅是信息的浓缩，更是逻辑的重构。

An abstract is not just a concentration of information, but a reconstruction of logic.

Philosophical '不仅是...更是...' structure.

在信息爆炸的时代，优秀的摘要是知识筛选的利器。

In the era of information explosion, an excellent abstract is a powerful tool for knowledge filtering.

Metaphorical use of '利器' (sharp tool/weapon).

这篇综述的摘要部分对过去十年的研究进行了系统回顾。

The abstract part of this review conducted a systematic review of the research over the past ten years.

Formal '对...进行了...' structure.

摘要的撰写应力求客观公正，不带个人感情色彩。

The writing of an abstract should strive for objectivity and fairness, without personal emotional overtones.

Formal '力求' (strive for) and '不带' (without).

通过对摘要的文本分析，我们可以窥见学科发展的趋势。

Through textual analysis of abstracts, we can catch a glimpse of the trends in disciplinary development.

Advanced verb '窥见' (glimpse/see into).

尽管只是摘要，其文字的洗练程度令人叹服。

Despite being just an abstract, the conciseness of its language is admirable.

Conjunction '尽管' (although) and advanced adjective '洗练' (concise/polished).

摘要的翻译需兼顾信、达、雅的原则。

The translation of abstracts needs to balance the principles of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance.

Reference to Yan Fu's translation theory '信达雅'.

该书的提要与摘要在侧重点上有所不同。

The synopsis (tiyao) and abstract (zhaiyao) of this book differ in their emphasis.

Comparing '提要' and '摘要'.

مترادف‌ها

梗概大意概要提要综述

متضادها

全文细节

ترکیب‌های رایج

论文摘要

新闻摘要

内容摘要

撰写摘要

英文摘要

会议摘要

提取摘要

案情摘要

摘要如下

简明摘要

عبارات رایج

摘要版

— A summary version of a book or report. It is used for quick reading.

这是该书的摘要版。

内容摘要

— Content summary. A standard heading in documents.

请阅读内容摘要。

摘要卡

— Summary card. Formerly used in libraries for cataloging.

他在整理摘要卡。

摘要汇编

— A collection or compendium of abstracts.

这是年度会议的摘要汇编。

摘要翻译

— The act of translating an abstract.

摘要翻译需要很专业。

摘要字数

— The word count of a summary.

摘要字数有限制。

摘要格式

— The format of an abstract.

请遵守摘要格式要求。

摘要部分

— The summary section of a larger work.

摘要部分在最前面。

摘要钩子

— A 'hook' in a summary to attract readers (metaphorical).

摘要要有一个好的钩子。

摘要审核

— The review or auditing of an abstract.

摘要审核已经通过了。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

摘要 vs 摘录

摘录 is a direct quote or excerpt, while 摘要 is a rewritten summary in your own words.

摘要 vs 提纲

提纲 is an outline made before writing; 摘要 is a summary made of the finished work.

摘要 vs 简介

简介 is a general introduction, often for a person or company, while 摘要 is specifically for a text.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"摘其要领"

— To pick out the essential points or the gist of something.

学习时要学会摘其要领。

Formal/Literary

"简明扼要"

— Concise and to the point. Very commonly used to describe a good summary.

他的发言简明扼要。

Neutral/Formal

"博采众长"

— To collect widely from the strengths of others (often used when synthesizing summaries).

这篇摘要博采众长。

Formal

"去粗取精"

— Discard the dross and keep the essence. The philosophy behind making a 摘要.

做摘要的过程就是去粗取精。

Formal

"一目了然"

— Obvious at a glance. What a good 摘要 should achieve.

看了摘要，内容一目了然。

Neutral

"言简意赅"

— Concise but comprehensive in meaning.

这篇摘要写得言简意赅。

Literary

"开门见山"

— Straight to the point. A style often used in writing a 摘要.

摘要应该开门见山。

Neutral

"取其精华"

— To take the essence of something.

摘要就是取其精华，去其糟粕。

Formal

"由博返约"

— To return from the complex to the simple/essential.

摘要的写作是由博返约的过程。

Academic

"举一反三"

— To infer other things from one fact (not directly 摘要, but related to understanding core points).

读了摘要，他能举一反三。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

摘要 vs 总结

Both involve shortening information.

总结 is a concluding review or result (e.g., 'What did we learn?'), whereas 摘要 is a condensed version of a whole document.

会议结束时做个总结。(Do a summary/conclusion at the end of the meeting.)

摘要 vs 大意

Both mean 'main idea'.

大意 is casual and focuses on the 'gist' in conversation. 摘要 is formal and written.

我明白你的大意了。(I understand your gist.)

摘要 vs 梗概

Both are types of summaries.

梗概 is used for plots and stories. 摘要 is for facts and academic papers.

电影梗概 (Movie synopsis).

摘要 vs 提要

Very close synonyms.

提要 often implies an outline or a more descriptive summary of a book's contents in a catalog.

内容提要 (Content summary in a book).

摘要 vs 综述

Both are academic summaries.

综述 is a review of many different papers or a whole field, while 摘要 is for one specific paper.

文献综述 (Literature review).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

这是[Noun]的摘要。

这是课文的摘要。

摘要在[Location]。

摘要在第一页。

请写一份[Number]字的摘要。

请写一份三百字的摘要。

摘要应包括[Point 1]和[Point 2]。

摘要应包括研究目的和结果。

通过对[Source]的摘要，我们可以发现...

通过对报告的摘要，我们可以发现市场趋势。

该摘要撰写得[Adjective]。

该摘要撰写得非常洗练。

摘要之于论文，犹核心之于灵魂。

摘要之于论文，犹核心之于灵魂。(Metaphorical)

[Verb phrase]是撰写摘要的关键。

准确把握主旨是撰写摘要的关键。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

摘要 (Summary/Abstract)

摘录 (Excerpt/Quotation)

要点 (Key point)

要领 (Main points)

فعل‌ها

摘 (To pick/extract)

摘要 (To summarize/extract - formal)

概括 (To summarize/generalize)

صفت‌ها

简要 (Brief/Concise)

重要 (Important)

扼要 (To the point)

مرتبط

总结 (Conclusion)

提纲 (Outline)

简介 (Introduction)

综述 (Review)

大意 (Gist)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very common in academic and professional writing; moderate in daily speech.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 摘要 for a movie plot. → 使用 '梗概' (gěnggài).
摘要 is for factual/academic texts; 梗概 is for stories.
Confusing 摘要 with 总结. → Use 总结 for final results or reviews.
摘要 is a mini-version of a text; 总结 is a review of a process.
Pronouncing 'zhā' as 'zā'. → zhā (retroflex).
The 'zh' sound requires the tongue to be curled back.
Using 摘要 as a casual verb. → 我为书写了摘要 (I wrote a summary for the book).
In Chinese, 摘要 is primarily a noun. Verb usage is very formal.
Writing '滴要' instead of '摘要'. → 摘要.
The character 摘 and 滴 (drop) look similar but are different.

نکات

Use Measure Words

Always use '篇' (piān) for a single 摘要. For example: '这是一篇优秀的摘要.' This makes you sound more like a native speaker.

Be Objective

When writing a 摘要, avoid using 'I' or 'my'. Focus on the facts of the text. Use '本文' (this paper) to refer to your work.

Scan for Headings

In long Chinese documents, look for the characters '摘要' to quickly find the core information without reading the whole thing.

Learn the Components

Remembering that '摘' means 'to pick' helps you remember that a 摘要 is a 'selection' of the best parts.

Business Briefs

In a corporate setting, provide a 摘要 at the top of your emails or reports to help your manager understand your points quickly.

English-Chinese Pairs

If you are a student in China, remember that most universities require both a '中文摘要' and an '英文摘要'.

Radio News

Listen for '新闻摘要' on Chinese radio stations like CNR; it's a great way to practice listening to formal but concise Chinese.

High Intelligence

Being able to '摘要' well is highly respected in Chinese culture as it shows a clear and disciplined mind.

HSK Tip

On HSK exams, the main idea of a passage is often found in the 摘要 section or the first few sentences.

AI Summaries

With AI, the term '自动摘要' (automatic summarization) is becoming very common in Chinese tech circles.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a farmer 'picking' (摘) only the 'important' (要) apples to put in a small basket. The basket is the 摘要.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a giant book being squeezed into a tiny, glowing diamond. The diamond represents the 摘要.

شبکه واژگان

论文 (Thesis) 研究 (Research) 简洁 (Concise) 重点 (Key points) 阅读 (Read) 写作 (Write) 报告 (Report) 信息 (Information)

چالش

Try to write a one-sentence 摘要 for your favorite movie using only the most important plot points.

ریشه کلمه

The word 摘要 is a combination of two ancient Chinese characters. '摘' (zhāi) dates back to the Han dynasty and describes the physical act of plucking fruit from a tree. '要' (yào) originally depicted a person with hands on their waist, signifying the mid-section or the most 'essential' part of the body.

معنای اصلی: To select and pluck the essential parts.

Sino-Tibetan

بافت فرهنگی

Always ensure a 摘要 is objective; in Chinese professional culture, adding personal bias into a 摘要 is seen as unprofessional.

In English, 'Abstract' is used for science/academia, while 'Summary' is general. 摘要 covers both.

CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) - the primary place to find 摘要. The term '新闻摘要' in CCTV News. Academic standards for '毕业论文摘要' (Graduation thesis abstract).

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

University / Academic

毕业论文摘要
提交摘要
摘要格式
关键词

News / Media

新闻摘要
今日要闻
简短摘要
摘要播报

Office / Business

会议摘要
项目摘要
报告摘要
摘要如下

Library / Research

书籍摘要
文献摘要
检索摘要
摘要库

Legal / Court

案情摘要
合同摘要
法律摘要
事实摘要

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你能帮我写这份报告的摘要吗？"

"你觉得这篇论文的摘要写得怎么样？"

"我们在会议摘要里应该包含哪些重点？"

"你通常是先看摘要还是直接看全文？"

"这个新闻摘要漏掉了一些重要的细节。"

موضوعات نگارش

用中文写一段你今天所学内容的摘要。

如果你要给你的生活写一份摘要，你会包含哪些关键词？

阅读一篇中文新闻，并尝试写出它的内容摘要。

讨论为什么在信息时代，高质量的摘要如此重要。

比较‘摘要’和‘总结’在你工作或学习中的不同用途。

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It means both! In academic contexts, it is the standard translation for 'abstract.' In general professional contexts, it means 'summary' or 'brief.' It is more formal than common words like '总结'.

Not really. For movies or novels, you should use '梗概' (gěnggài) or '简介' (jiǎnjiè). '摘要' sounds too academic for a fictional plot.

It is primarily a noun (e.g., 'the summary'). However, in formal writing, it can be used as a verb meaning 'to extract and summarize,' often followed by '如下' (as follows).

In Chinese academic formatting, the 摘要 always goes at the very beginning, before the table of contents and the introduction.

摘要 is a 'mini-version' of the whole text. 总结 is a 'conclusion' or 'review' of an event or process. You 摘要 a paper, but you 总结 a project's results.

It depends on the context. Academic abstracts are usually 200-500 characters. News summaries might be just one or two sentences.

It sounds a bit awkward. It's better to say '我为这篇文章写了摘要' or '我把这篇文章的内容摘要如下'.

No, like all Chinese nouns, it doesn't change for plural. Use measure words like '几篇摘要' (a few abstracts) to indicate more than one.

They are 'keywords' that almost always follow a 摘要 in academic papers to help with search and indexing.

Rarely. In daily life, people use '大意' (gist) or '大概' (roughly). Use '摘要' in the office, school, or when reading the news.

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