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B2 noun 9 دقیقه مطالعه

坦诚

tǎnchéng
مثال‌ها
توضیح 坦诚 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Chinese language. The word 坦诚 (tǎnchéng) is generally too advanced for this stage, as A1 focuses on basic survival vocabulary like greetings, numbers, and simple daily objects. However, if an A1 learner encounters this word, they should understand it simply as 'good' and 'honest'. At this level, the focus is on recognizing the characters. The character 坦 (tǎn) has the earth radical (土), and 诚 (chéng) has the speech radical (言/讠). This visual breakdown can help beginners understand that the word relates to speaking (言) on solid, flat ground (土) - a metaphor for being straightforward. An A1 learner might hear it in a movie and recognize it as a positive trait. They would not be expected to produce it in sentences, relying instead on simpler words like 好 (hǎo - good) or 真的 (zhēnde - really). The concept of frankness is universal, but expressing it in Chinese requires more complex sentence structures that A1 learners have not yet mastered. If they need to express honesty, they might just say '我不骗你' (I don't lie to you). The goal at A1 is passive exposure, planting the seed for future acquisition when they reach higher proficiency levels and start discussing abstract concepts.
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At the A2 level, learners are expanding their vocabulary to describe people and basic emotions. While 坦诚 remains a relatively high-level word, A2 learners might start recognizing it in simple contexts, such as describing a friend. They know the word 朋友 (friend) and can understand that a 坦诚的朋友 is a good thing. They might learn it alongside simpler adjectives like 聪明 (smart) or 漂亮 (pretty). At this stage, the translation 'honest' is sufficient. They can practice using it in basic Subject-Verb-Object or Subject-Adjective sentences, such as '他很坦诚' (He is very frank). The grammatical challenge at A2 is remembering to use '很' (hěn) before adjectives. They will not yet grasp the subtle differences between 坦诚 and 诚实 (chéngshí), likely using them interchangeably. Teachers at this level might introduce the word during a lesson on personality traits. The focus is on pronunciation (tǎn chéng) and basic recognition. A2 learners are starting to read short texts, so seeing 坦诚 in a simple story about two friends who tell each other the truth helps solidify its meaning. They are building the foundation to later understand its use in professional or diplomatic contexts.
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At the B1 level, learners cross the threshold into intermediate Chinese. They are now capable of discussing abstract ideas, opinions, and relationships. 坦诚 becomes a very useful and active part of their vocabulary. At this stage, learners understand that 坦诚 is not just about not lying (which is 诚实), but about being open and sharing one's true thoughts. They learn to use it as an adverbial modifier with the particle 地 (de), forming phrases like 坦诚地说 (to speak frankly) or 坦诚地交流 (to communicate frankly). This allows them to express more nuanced thoughts in conversations. B1 learners can use 坦诚 to navigate social situations, such as telling a friend, '我想坦诚地告诉你我的想法' (I want to frankly tell you my thoughts). They also start encountering the word in authentic materials like pop songs, TV dramas, and simple news articles. The challenge at B1 is collocation—knowing which verbs pair naturally with 坦诚. Teachers emphasize that it is used for communication and attitude. B1 learners are also introduced to the cultural importance of 'face' (面子) and how 坦诚 interacts with it. They learn that being frank in Chinese culture must still be respectful, bridging the gap between direct translation and cultural application.
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At the B2 level, which is the exact target level for this word, learners must fully master 坦诚. It is a cornerstone vocabulary word for expressing complex interpersonal dynamics, professional communication, and emotional depth. B2 learners are expected to distinguish seamlessly between synonyms like 坦诚, 诚实, 真诚, and 直率. They know that 坦诚 implies a vulnerability and openness that 诚实 lacks. They frequently use the idiom 坦诚相待 (to treat each other with frankness) when discussing relationships or business partnerships. At this level, learners are reading newspapers, watching news broadcasts, and participating in debates. They will recognize 坦诚 in diplomatic contexts ('坦诚的会谈') and corporate environments ('坦诚的反馈'). Grammatically, B2 learners use the word flawlessly as a noun, adjective, and adverb. They can construct complex sentences expressing condition or concession, such as '即使真相很伤人，我们也必须保持坦诚' (Even if the truth hurts, we must remain frank). The focus at B2 is on register and tone; learners know when to deploy 坦诚 to sound professional, sincere, and culturally attuned. It is no longer just a vocabulary word, but a tool for sophisticated expression and relationship management in Chinese.
At the C1 level, learners have advanced proficiency and can use 坦诚 with native-like intuition. They understand the deep cultural, psychological, and sociological implications of the word. They can analyze literature or political texts where 坦诚 is used rhetorically. C1 learners effortlessly integrate the word into highly complex grammatical structures and idiomatic expressions. They understand the irony or subtext when a politician claims a conversation was '坦诚' (often meaning they disagreed strongly but openly). At this stage, learners can write formal essays or business proposals advocating for a culture of 坦诚 within an organization. They can discuss the philosophical balance between 坦诚 and the traditional Chinese value of 含蓄 (implicit/reserved communication). C1 learners rarely make collocation errors and can creatively use the word in novel contexts while maintaining naturalness. They also master related, less common idioms and literary phrases. The word is fully internalized, allowing them to focus on the subtleties of persuasion, empathy, and leadership in Chinese. They use 坦诚 not just to describe a state of being, but to actively shape the tone of high-stakes negotiations or intimate personal conflicts.
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At the C2 level, learners possess near-native mastery of the language. Their use of 坦诚 is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. They can trace the etymological roots of the characters 坦 and 诚 and discuss how the concept of frankness has evolved in Chinese literature and philosophy from ancient texts to modern internet slang. C2 learners can play with the word, using it sarcastically, poetically, or rhetorically depending on the precise emotional impact they wish to achieve. They are comfortable debating the limits of 坦诚 in various cultural contexts, comparing Chinese communicative norms with those of other cultures. In academic or professional writing, they use 坦诚 to articulate nuanced arguments about transparency in governance, corporate ethics, or psychological counseling. They effortlessly navigate the tension between 坦诚 (frankness) and 委婉 (euphemism), knowing exactly when each is appropriate to achieve the desired social outcome. At this pinnacle of language learning, 坦诚 is a deeply ingrained concept that reflects their comprehensive understanding of the Chinese mind, society, and linguistic heritage.
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مثال‌ها
The Chinese word 坦诚 (tǎnchéng) is an essential vocabulary item for intermediate to advanced learners, representing a profound level of interpersonal communication and moral character. At its core, 坦诚 translates to frankness, sincerity, and absolute honesty. It is composed of two characters: 坦 (tǎn), meaning flat, smooth, or candid, and 诚 (chéng), meaning sincere, honest, or true. Together, they form a concept that goes beyond mere truth-telling; it implies an open-heartedness, a willingness to share one's genuine thoughts and feelings without any hidden agenda or deceit. In Chinese culture, which traditionally places a high value on harmony, face (面子, miànzi), and indirect communication, the practice of 坦诚 is highly regarded, especially in close relationships, business partnerships, and diplomacy. It signifies a safe space where individuals can drop their social masks and communicate with pure transparency. When people use the word 坦诚, they are often calling for or praising a level of dialogue that cuts through superficial pleasantries.

我们之间需要一次坦诚的对话。

This concept is frequently invoked in professional settings when a project hits a roadblock and team members need to discuss failures without fear of retribution.
Workplace Usage
In a corporate environment, leaders often ask for 坦诚的反馈 (frank feedback) to improve processes.
It is also deeply embedded in romantic and platonic relationships. A healthy marriage in Chinese society is often described as one where the partners treat each other with 坦诚 (坦诚相待).

夫妻之间最重要的是坦诚相待。

The word can function both as a noun (frankness) and an adjective (frank/sincere). Understanding when to use 坦诚 requires recognizing the context. It is not an excuse to be rude or overly blunt (which would be better described as 鲁莽 or 直率 in a negative sense). Instead, it is a respectful openness.
Diplomatic Context
Diplomats often describe successful negotiations as 坦诚且富有成效的 (frank and fruitful).

两国领导人进行了坦诚的交流。

Furthermore, being 坦诚 involves a degree of vulnerability. It means admitting one's faults and limitations. In educational settings, teachers encourage students to be 坦诚 about what they do not understand.

他对自己的错误表现得非常坦诚。

Psychological Aspect
Psychologists in China emphasize that 坦诚 is a foundational element of mental well-being and building trust.

我希望你能对我坦诚一点，不要隐瞒事实。

Ultimately, mastering the use of 坦诚 allows learners to navigate deeper emotional and professional waters in Chinese, demonstrating not just linguistic proficiency, but cultural intelligence and emotional maturity.
Using 坦诚 correctly in sentences requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility and its typical collocations. As mentioned, it can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverbial modifier. Let us break down these usages comprehensively to ensure you can integrate this powerful word into your active vocabulary. When used as a noun, 坦诚 often acts as the subject or object of a sentence, representing the abstract concept of frankness or sincerity.

坦诚是建立信任的基础。

In this structure, it serves as the foundational principle for building trust.
Noun Usage
Use it to discuss the quality of honesty itself, often paired with verbs like 保持 (maintain) or 需要 (need).
However, it is far more common to see 坦诚 used as an adjective modifying a noun, typically abstract nouns related to communication or attitude. The most frequent collocations include 坦诚的交流 (frank exchange), 坦诚的对话 (frank dialogue), and 坦诚的态度 (frank attitude).

他以非常坦诚的态度承认了错误。

Notice the use of the structural particle 的 (de) to connect the adjective to the noun. Another highly frequent syntactic pattern is its use as an adverbial modifier. By adding the particle 地 (de), 坦诚 transforms to describe how an action is performed.

我们必须坦诚地面对当前的问题。

Here, it modifies verbs like 面对 (face), 交流 (communicate), or 表达 (express).
Adverbial Pattern
Structure: Subject + 坦诚地 + Verb + Object. Example: 我坦诚地告诉了他真相 (I frankly told him the truth).
There is also a very famous four-character idiom (chengyu) that incorporates this word: 坦诚相待 (tǎnchéng xiāngdài). This means to treat each other with absolute sincerity and frankness. It is incredibly common in formal speeches, wedding vows, and relationship advice.

作为合伙人，我们必须坦诚相待。

Negative Forms
To express a lack of frankness, you can use 不坦诚 (not frank) or 缺乏坦诚 (lacking frankness).

我觉得他在这个问题上不够坦诚。

By mastering these sentence structures—noun, adjective, adverb, and idiomatic phrase—you will be able to express nuances of honesty and open communication with native-like fluency.
The word 坦诚 is ubiquitous across various domains of modern Chinese life, ranging from high-level diplomacy to intimate personal conversations. Understanding where and how it is deployed gives profound insight into Chinese social dynamics. One of the most prominent arenas where you will encounter 坦诚 is in political and diplomatic discourse. Chinese state media and official press releases frequently utilize this term to describe international meetings.

双方就共同关心的问题进行了坦诚、深入的交换意见。

In this context, 坦诚 usually signifies that the discussions were direct, perhaps touching on sensitive or contentious topics, without the usual diplomatic sugar-coating. It is a polite way of saying both sides laid their cards on the table.
News & Media
Listen for 坦诚 in evening news broadcasts (新闻联播) during segments covering foreign affairs or high-level corporate summits.
Beyond the newsroom, the corporate world heavily relies on the concept of 坦诚. Modern Chinese companies, especially tech giants influenced by global management practices, increasingly value open communication.

公司鼓励员工之间进行坦诚的沟通。

Human resources departments advocate for 坦诚的反馈 (candid feedback) during performance reviews. It is seen as a necessary tool for innovation and efficiency, counteracting the traditional hierarchical reluctance to criticize superiors.
Pop Culture & Talk Shows
In emotional talk shows or reality TV, celebrities are often praised for their 坦诚 when they share personal struggles.

她在采访中非常坦诚地谈到了自己的抑郁症。

You will also hear this word frequently in the realm of psychology, counseling, and self-help literature in China. Therapists encourage clients to be 坦诚 with their feelings.

只有对心理医生坦诚，治疗才能起作用。

Finally, in the intimate sphere of family and dating, 坦诚 is the gold standard for trust. When couples argue, one might demand more 坦诚 from the other, meaning they want the unvarnished truth about emotions or actions.
Dating & Relationships
On dating apps or in matchmaking scenarios, seeking a partner who is 坦诚 is a highly listed preference.

相亲时，最重要的是展现出坦诚的一面。

Whether in a boardroom, a diplomatic summit, or a living room, 坦诚 signals a departure from superficiality and an invitation to genuine connection.
While 坦诚 is a highly useful word, learners frequently make subtle errors in its application due to its close proximity to other words meaning 'honest' in English. The most pervasive mistake is using 坦诚 interchangeably with 诚实 (chéngshí). While both translate to 'honest', their scopes are entirely different. 诚实 refers to factual honesty—not lying, not stealing, and telling the truth about events. 坦诚, on the other hand, refers to emotional and communicative openness.

*错误: 那个孩子很坦诚，他没有偷苹果。

In the example above, describing a child who didn't steal an apple as 坦诚 is incorrect; the right word is 诚实. 坦诚 would imply the child sat down and had a deep, open-hearted conversation about his feelings regarding the apple.
Grammar Error: Lack of Particles
Learners often forget to use 的 (de) or 地 (de) when using 坦诚 as a modifier.

*错误: 我们需要坦诚交流。 (Better: 我们需要坦诚的交流 / 坦诚地交流)

While '坦诚交流' is sometimes acceptable in very brief, formal titles, in everyday speech, the structural particles are necessary for grammatical correctness. Another common pitfall is confusing 坦诚 with 直率 (zhíshuài) or 耿直 (gěngzhí). 直率 means straightforward or blunt. You can be 直率 without being 坦诚 (e.g., bluntly criticizing someone's outfit without sharing your own vulnerabilities). Conversely, you can be 坦诚 without being brutally blunt; 坦诚 implies a positive, sincere intent.
Collocation Mistakes
Do not pair 坦诚 with physical objects. You cannot have a '坦诚的书' (frank book) unless it refers to the author's tone.

*错误: 这是一个坦诚的桌子。

This sounds absurd in Chinese. 坦诚 strictly applies to human attitudes, communications, and relationships. Furthermore, learners sometimes misuse the idiom 坦诚相待. It must be used for mutual interactions.

*错误: 我对那只狗坦诚相待。

You cannot treat a dog with mutual frankness because a dog cannot reciprocate the complex human emotion of 坦诚.
Overuse in Casual Settings
Using 坦诚 to describe minor daily truths (like admitting you ate the last cookie) sounds overly dramatic. Reserve it for meaningful conversations.

正确: 我必须坦诚，我对这个项目没有信心。

By avoiding these common errors, your Chinese will sound significantly more native, nuanced, and socially appropriate.
The Chinese language is incredibly rich in vocabulary related to honesty, truthfulness, and communication styles. To truly master 坦诚, one must understand its position within a web of synonyms and related concepts. Let us explore the most common alternatives and when to use them instead of 坦诚.
诚实 (chéngshí) - Honest
This is the most basic word for 'honest'. It means not telling lies or cheating. It is often used for children or basic moral character.

做一个诚实的孩子，比做一个坦诚的演说家更基本。

Another close synonym is 真诚 (zhēnchéng), which translates to 'sincere' or 'genuine'. While 坦诚 emphasizes openness and laying everything out (the '坦' aspect), 真诚 emphasizes the purity and truthfulness of one's heart (the '真' aspect). You can be 真诚 without necessarily sharing all your secrets, but to be 坦诚 means you are actively sharing them.
真诚 (zhēnchéng) - Sincere
Focuses on the lack of hypocrisy. Example: 他的道歉很真诚 (His apology was sincere).

虽然他很真诚，但他在某些细节上不够坦诚。

Then there is 直率 (zhíshuài), meaning straightforward, candid, or blunt. This word describes a personality trait or communication style that doesn't beat around the bush.

他性格直率，说话总是很坦诚。

Another related word is 坦白 (tǎnbái), which means to confess or to be frank. 坦白 often implies admitting to a mistake, a crime, or a hidden secret.
坦白 (tǎnbái) - Confess / Frank
Used when revealing something hidden. '坦白从宽' is a famous phrase meaning 'leniency for those who confess'.

我跟你坦白吧，其实我早就知道了，但我一直没有坦诚地告诉你。

Notice how 坦白 acts as a verb (to confess) while 坦诚 acts as the adverbial quality of the communication. For antonyms, words like 虚伪 (xūwěi - hypocritical), 隐瞒 (yǐnmán - to conceal), or 狡猾 (jiǎohuá - cunning) represent the exact opposite of 坦诚.

与其虚伪地迎合，不如坦诚地表达反对。

Mastering these subtle distinctions will elevate your Chinese proficiency from intermediate competence to advanced fluency, allowing you to navigate complex social and professional landscapes with precision and grace.
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

他是一个坦诚的人。

He is a frank person.

Subject + 是 + 一个 + Adjective + 的 + Noun.

2

我很坦诚。

I am very frank.

Subject + 很 + Adjective.

3

坦诚很好。

Being frank is good.

Noun + 很 + Adjective.

4

我们坦诚吧。

Let's be frank.

Subject + Adjective + 吧 (suggestion particle).

5

她不坦诚。

She is not frank.

Subject + 不 + Adjective.

6

你要坦诚。

You need to be frank.

Subject + 要 + Adjective.

7

这是坦诚。

This is frankness.

这 + 是 + Noun.

8

坦诚的朋友。

A frank friend.

Adjective + 的 + Noun.

1

我喜欢坦诚的朋友。

I like frank friends.

Subject + Verb + Adjective + 的 + Object.

2

他对我非常坦诚。

He is very frank with me.

Subject + 对 + Person + 非常 + Adjective.

3

我们坦诚地聊天。

We chat frankly.

Subject + Adverb + 地 + Verb.

4

坦诚比聪明重要。

Frankness is more important than smartness.

A + 比 + B + Adjective.

5

我觉得他不够坦诚。

I think he is not frank enough.

Subject + 觉得 + Pronoun + 不够 + Adjective.

6

请你坦诚地告诉我。

Please tell me frankly.

请 + Pronoun + Adverb + 地 + Verb + Object.

7

因为他坦诚，所以我相信他。

Because he is frank, I believe him.

因为... 所以... (Because... therefore...).

8

老师希望我们坦诚。

The teacher hopes we are frank.

Subject + Verb + Object Clause.

1

坦诚的交流可以解决很多问题。

Frank communication can solve many problems.

Adjective + 的 + Noun + 可以 + Verb + Object.

2

虽然很难，但他还是坦诚地承认了错误。

Although it was hard, he still frankly admitted his mistake.

虽然... 但... (Although... but...).

3

在面试中，展现出坦诚的态度很重要。

In an interview, showing a frank attitude is very important.

在... 中，Verb Phrase + 很 + Adjective.

4

如果你不坦诚，我们很难继续合作。

If you are not frank, it's hard for us to continue cooperating.

如果... 就... (If... then...).

5

夫妻之间需要坦诚相待。

Husband and wife need to treat each other with frankness.

Subject + 之间 + 需要 + Idiom.

6

我欣赏他坦诚直率的性格。

I appreciate his frank and straightforward personality.

Subject + Verb + Adjective + 的 + Noun.

7

为了保持团队的信任，我们需要更加坦诚。

To maintain team trust, we need to be more frank.

为了... Subject + 需要 + 更加 + Adjective.

8

他对自己的过去毫不隐瞒，非常坦诚。

He hides nothing about his past, very frank.

Phrase, 非常 + Adjective.

1

两国代表就贸易问题进行了坦诚且富有建设性的对话。

Representatives of the two countries had a frank and constructive dialogue on trade issues.

就... 问题 + 进行 + 了 + Adjective + 且 + Adjective + 的 + Noun.

2

在职场中，坦诚的反馈机制是促进员工成长的关键。

In the workplace, a frank feedback mechanism is key to promoting employee growth.

...是...的关键 (is the key to...).

3

面对公众的质疑，企业负责人做出了坦诚的回应。

Facing public questioning, the enterprise head made a frank response.

面对... Subject + 做出 + 了 + Adjective + 的 + Noun.

4

建立一段深厚友谊的前提是双方能够坦诚相待。

The prerequisite for building a deep friendship is that both sides can treat each other frankly.

...的前提是... (The prerequisite of... is...).

5

他坦诚地剖析了自己的内心世界，让读者深受感动。

He frankly analyzed his inner world, deeply moving the readers.

Adverb + 地 + Verb + Object, 让... (causing...).

6

缺乏坦诚的沟通往往是导致项目失败的根本原因。

Communication lacking frankness is often the root cause of project failure.

缺乏 + Noun + 的 + Noun + 往往是... (is often...).

7

我们不仅要鼓励坦诚，还要学会包容坦诚带来的不适感。

We must not only encourage frankness but also learn to tolerate the discomfort it brings.

不仅要... 还要... (Not only... but also...).

8

真正的坦诚不仅是说出真相，更是表达真实的感受。

True frankness is not just telling the truth, but expressing genuine feelings.

不仅是... 更是... (Not just... but moreover...).

1

在错综复杂的国际局势下，大国之间保持坦诚的战略沟通尤为重要。

Under intricate international circumstances, maintaining frank strategic communication between major powers is especially important.

在...下，...尤为重要 (Under..., ...is especially important).

2

这部纪录片以极度坦诚的视角，揭示了底层社会的生存困境。

This documentary, with an extremely frank perspective, reveals the survival dilemmas of the underclass.

以...视角，揭示了... (With... perspective, reveals...).

3

高管团队的坦诚度直接决定了企业文化的健康指数和创新活力。

The degree of frankness in the executive team directly determines the health index and innovative vitality of the corporate culture.

...直接决定了... (directly determines...).

4

摒弃外交辞令，他以罕见的坦诚向公众陈述了改革的阵痛。

Discarding diplomatic rhetoric, he stated the birth pangs of reform to the public with rare frankness.

摒弃... 以...向...陈述了... (Discarding..., with... stated to...).

5

心理咨询的核心在于建立一个让来访者能够绝对坦诚的安全空间。

The core of psychological counseling lies in establishing a safe space where the client can be absolutely frank.

...的核心在于建立一个让...能够...的空间 (The core of... lies in establishing a space letting...).

6

文学创作需要作者对自我进行近乎残酷的坦诚剖析。

Literary creation requires the author to conduct a nearly cruel frank analysis of the self.

...需要...对...进行...的剖析 (requires... to conduct... analysis of...).

7

这种表面上的客套，实际上掩盖了彼此间缺乏坦诚的信任危机。

This superficial politeness actually covers up a crisis of trust lacking frankness between each other.

这种... 实际上掩盖了... (This... actually covers up...).

8

在利益交葛的商业谈判中，坦诚往往被视为一种高风险的博弈策略。

In commercial negotiations entangled with interests, frankness is often viewed as a high-risk game strategy.

在...中，...往往被视为... (In..., ...i

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