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B1 verb, adjective #2,000 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

综合

zonghe رتبه 2,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 综合 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 综合 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Chinese language, focusing on basic survival vocabulary, simple greetings, and highly concrete nouns. The word '综合' (zōng hé) is generally too abstract and complex for active use at this stage. However, it is entirely possible that an A1 learner living in or visiting a Chinese-speaking environment will encounter this word passively, primarily on signs. For example, if you need medical attention, you might see the characters '综合医院' (zōng hé yī yuàn) on a large building or on a map. While you do not need to know how to use '综合' in a sentence, recognizing that these characters mean 'General Hospital' (as opposed to a specialized clinic) is a highly useful survival skill. You might also see it on television channels, such as 'CCTV-1 综合'. At this level, treat '综合' as a visual vocabulary item. Do not worry about its grammar or its use as a verb. Simply memorize its shape and its association with places that offer a wide variety of services all in one location. This visual recognition will lay a subconscious foundation for when you formally learn the word's deeper meanings at the B1 level.

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As you progress to the A2 level, your vocabulary expands to include more descriptive words and you begin to form slightly more complex sentences about daily routines, shopping, and immediate needs. '综合' (zōng hé) is still considered an advanced word for active production at this stage, but your passive understanding of it should grow. You might start hearing it in contexts related to education or shopping. For instance, a large shopping mall might be referred to as a '综合商场' (zōng hé shāng chǎng), meaning a comprehensive shopping center that has supermarkets, clothing stores, and restaurants all under one roof. You might also hear university students talking about their '综合大学' (comprehensive university). Your goal at the A2 level is to start associating '综合' with the concept of 'many different things put together into one big thing'. You do not need to use it to describe abstract concepts like 'comprehensive analysis' yet. Focus on recognizing it as an adjective that modifies large institutions or buildings. If you want to try using it, stick to these set phrases. For example, you could say '这是一个综合医院' (This is a general hospital) when giving directions. This builds a bridge to its more abstract uses later.

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The B1 level is where '综合' (zōng hé) officially enters your active vocabulary, and it is a milestone word that marks your transition from simple, concrete descriptions to more abstract, analytical thinking. At this stage, you are learning to express opinions, give reasons, and discuss slightly more complex topics like work, education, and news. You must now learn to use '综合' both as an adjective and as an adverbial modifier. The most critical collocation to master here is '综合考虑' (to consider comprehensively). When you are explaining a decision, instead of just saying '因为 A 和 B' (Because of A and B), you can elevate your speech by saying '综合考虑 A 和 B, 我决定...' (Considering A and B comprehensively, I decided...). You should also be comfortable using it to describe people's abilities, such as '综合素质' (comprehensive quality) or '综合能力' (comprehensive ability), which are extremely common terms in Chinese schools and workplaces. At B1, you realize that '综合' is not just about physical places like hospitals, but about bringing different abstract factors together to form a complete picture. Practice using it in sentences where you need to summarize a situation based on multiple different inputs.

At the B2 level, your fluency and ability to handle complex, abstract discussions are significantly higher. '综合' (zōng hé) becomes an essential tool in your rhetorical arsenal for professional and academic communication. You are expected to use it seamlessly as a verb, an adjective, and an adverb. As a verb, you should be comfortable with structures like '把这些意见综合起来' (synthesize these opinions together). You will frequently encounter and use it in formal reports, essays, and debates. Terms like '综合评价' (comprehensive evaluation), '综合治理' (comprehensive management), and '综合国力' (comprehensive national strength) should be part of your active vocabulary when discussing social issues, economics, or politics. At this level, you must also clearly distinguish '综合' from its synonyms like '全面' (comprehensive/all-around) and '总结' (summarize), knowing exactly when to use which. Your sentences will become longer and more sophisticated. For example: '综合目前的市场趋势和消费者的反馈来看，我们需要调整策略' (Synthesizing current market trends and consumer feedback, we need to adjust our strategy). Mastery of '综合' at B2 demonstrates that you can think and articulate thoughts holistically in Chinese.

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Reaching the C1 level means you have an advanced, near-native operational proficiency in Chinese. You can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. '综合' (zōng hé) at this level is used effortlessly in highly specialized, academic, and literary contexts. You will encounter it in complex compound nouns and specialized terminology across various fields, such as '综合征' (syndrome - a synthesis of symptoms in medicine), '综合艺术' (comprehensive arts), or '综合利用' (comprehensive utilization of resources). You are able to appreciate the nuances of the word in formal writing, understanding how it conveys a sense of thoroughness, objectivity, and systemic thinking. At C1, you use '综合' to structure complex arguments, often at the beginning of a concluding paragraph to synthesize multiple disparate points made earlier in an essay. You might write: '综上所述，综合考量各项经济指标...' (To sum up the above, comprehensively considering various economic indicators...). Your use of the word is precise, elegant, and perfectly tailored to the register of the conversation or text, whether you are negotiating a complex business deal or analyzing a piece of literature.

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At the C2 level, you possess a mastery of Chinese that rivals or exceeds that of many native speakers, with a deep understanding of cultural, historical, and linguistic nuances. Your relationship with '综合' (zōng hé) goes beyond mere grammatical correctness; you understand its philosophical underpinnings in Chinese culture, which heavily favors holistic thinking (整体思维) and synthesis over pure reductionism. You recognize the etymological roots of '综' as the heddle of a loom, appreciating the metaphor of weaving disparate threads of society, thought, or data into a unified tapestry. You can play with the word, creating novel but perfectly natural-sounding collocations in highly specialized academic discourse or creative writing. You might use it in philosophical discussions about '综合创新' (comprehensive innovation) or the synthesis of Eastern and Western thought. At this pinnacle level, '综合' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual framework that you use to articulate the most complex, multifaceted realities of the world, seamlessly integrating it into flawless, highly sophisticated Chinese prose and rhetoric.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

综合 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Means 'to synthesize' or 'comprehensive'.
Used as a verb, adjective, or adverb.
Common in academic, medical, and business contexts.
Implies bringing many different parts into one whole.

The Chinese word '综合' (zōng hé) is a highly versatile and frequently used term in both modern spoken and written Chinese, occupying a crucial position in the CEFR B1 vocabulary list. To truly understand its depth, we must first break down its constituent characters. The first character, '综' (zōng), originally refers to the heddle of a loom in ancient Chinese weaving—the part that guides the warp threads and allows them to be woven together into a unified piece of fabric. By extension, it means to weave together, to sum up, or to put together various disparate threads of information. The second character, '合' (hé), means to combine, to join, to shut, or to bring together. When combined, '综合' literally paints a picture of weaving different threads together to form a cohesive, unified whole. In contemporary usage, it translates most directly to 'synthesize,' 'integrate,' 'comprehensive,' or 'multifaceted.' It implies taking multiple different elements, factors, opinions, or components and bringing them together into a single, comprehensive entity or analysis. This word is not just a simple combination; it implies a holistic approach, which is deeply rooted in Chinese philosophical thinking that values the whole over isolated parts. When you use '综合', you are indicating that you have looked at the big picture, considered all angles, and integrated them into your current thought process or evaluation.

Verb Usage: As a verb, it means to synthesize or integrate. For example, synthesizing different opinions into a final plan.

Adjective Usage: As an adjective, it describes something that is comprehensive, general, or covering multiple disciplines, like a general hospital.

Adverbial Usage: It can be used before verbs to indicate that an action is done comprehensively, such as 'comprehensively considering' a problem.

我们需要综合各方面的意见。(We need to synthesize opinions from all sides.)

这是一家大型综合医院。(This is a large general hospital.)

老师对他的综合表现很满意。(The teacher is very satisfied with his comprehensive performance.)

经过综合考虑，我们决定放弃这个项目。(After comprehensive consideration, we decided to abandon this project.)

这是今天的新闻综合频道。(This is today's comprehensive news channel.)

Understanding '综合' is essential for advancing beyond basic Chinese, as it allows you to express complex, multi-layered thoughts and demonstrates an ability to evaluate situations holistically, a trait highly valued in Chinese academic and professional environments.

Mastering the usage of '综合' (zōng hé) requires understanding its flexibility across different parts of speech. Unlike many English words that strictly remain verbs or adjectives, '综合' fluidly transitions between these roles depending on its placement in a sentence. Let us explore the primary grammatical structures you will need to use this word effectively. First, as an adjective modifying a noun, the structure is typically '综合 + (的) + Noun'. The particle '的' (de) is often omitted when the combination forms a set phrase or a common compound noun. For instance, '综合大学' (comprehensive university) and '综合医院' (general hospital) do not require '的'. However, when describing abstract concepts like '综合的能力' (comprehensive ability) or '综合的评价' (comprehensive evaluation), '的' can be used, though it is frequently dropped in professional contexts for brevity (e.g., 综合评价). Second, as an adverbial modifier preceding a verb, the structure is '综合 + Verb'. This indicates that the action is being performed in a comprehensive, all-encompassing manner. The most common collocations here are '综合考虑' (to consider comprehensively) and '综合分析' (to analyze comprehensively). Third, as a verb itself, '综合' means to synthesize or integrate. It is often used with the preposition '把' (bǎ) to indicate the object being synthesized: '把 A 和 B 综合起来' (to synthesize A and B together).

Adjective + Noun: Used to describe institutions, abilities, or evaluations that cover multiple areas. Example: 综合素质 (comprehensive quality).

Adverb + Verb: Used to describe how an action is performed, meaning 'holistically' or 'taking everything into account'. Example: 综合治理 (comprehensive management).

Verb + Object: Used to state the action of combining things. Example: 综合各种信息 (synthesize various information).

我们必须综合分析当前的市场形势。(We must comprehensively analyze the current market situation.)

这家公司拥有很强的综合实力。(This company possesses strong comprehensive strength.)

请把这些数据综合成一份报告。(Please synthesize these data into a report.)

现代教育越来越看重学生的综合素质。(Modern education increasingly values students' comprehensive qualities.)

综合来看，这个计划是可行的。(Viewed comprehensively, this plan is feasible.)

By practicing these structures, you will be able to elevate your Chinese from simple, linear descriptions to complex, multidimensional analyses, which is a hallmark of the B1-B2 transition.

The word '综合' (zōng hé) permeates many facets of daily life, professional environments, and media in Chinese-speaking regions. Because it denotes a holistic and integrated approach, it is heavily favored in formal, institutional, and analytical contexts. One of the most common places you will encounter this word is in the healthcare system. When you are sick but unsure of the exact medical department you need, you go to a '综合医院' (zōng hé yī yuàn), which translates to a general hospital. This contrasts with specialized hospitals like dental or pediatric clinics. In the realm of education, '综合' is an inescapable buzzword. Chinese universities are often categorized; a '综合大学' (zōng hé dà xué) is a comprehensive university offering a wide range of disciplines (arts, sciences, engineering, medicine), unlike specialized institutes. Furthermore, the Chinese education system places immense emphasis on '综合素质' (zōng hé sù zhì), meaning comprehensive quality or holistic development. This refers to evaluating a student not just on academic test scores, but on their moral, physical, artistic, and practical abilities. In the business and political spheres, you will frequently hear about a company's or a nation's '综合实力' (zōng hé shí lì), which means comprehensive strength. This implies that their power is not just economic, but also technological, cultural, and military.

Healthcare: Used to describe hospitals that have all major departments, providing all-around medical care.

Education: Appears in university classifications and student evaluation metrics to emphasize holistic education.

News & Media: Used in news programs to indicate a compilation of reports from various sources, giving a full overview.

我生病了，打算去市中心的综合医院看病。(I am sick and plan to go to the general hospital in the city center for treatment.)

北京大学是一所著名的综合性大学。(Peking University is a famous comprehensive university.)

面试官不仅看重你的学历，更看重你的综合能力。(The interviewer values not only your educational background but, more importantly, your comprehensive ability.)

中国的综合国力在不断提升。(China's comprehensive national strength is continuously improving.)

欢迎收看中央电视台新闻综合频道。(Welcome to watching CCTV News Comprehensive Channel.)

Recognizing '综合' in these contexts will help you navigate Chinese society much more smoothly, from seeking medical help to understanding job offers and educational requirements.

While '综合' (zōng hé) is an incredibly useful word, its abstract nature leads to several common pitfalls for Chinese learners. The most frequent mistake is confusing '综合' with words that mean 'all' or 'entirely', such as '全部' (quán bù) or '所有' (suǒ yǒu). '全部' refers to the entirety of a specific quantity (e.g., all the apples, all the people). '综合', on the other hand, refers to the integration of different types of things into a system or a holistic view. You cannot say '综合的人都来了' to mean 'all the people came'; you must say '全部的人都来了'. Another major error is confusing '综合' with '总结' (zǒng jié). While both involve bringing things together, '总结' means to summarize or conclude something that has already happened, focusing on extracting the main points or lessons learned. '综合' is about synthesizing different elements to form a complete picture or to make a decision. For example, you '总结' (summarize) a meeting, but you '综合' (synthesize) various opinions to make a plan. Additionally, learners often misuse '综合' for physical mixing. If you are baking and need to mix flour, sugar, and eggs, you should use '混合' (hùn hé), not '综合'. '综合' is strictly for abstract, conceptual, or systemic integration.

Mistaking for 'All': Using 综合 when you mean 全部 (all/entire). 综合 implies integration of variety, not just a total quantity.

Mistaking for 'Summarize': Using 综合 instead of 总结. 总结 is for summarizing past events; 综合 is for synthesizing factors.

Mistaking for 'Physical Mix': Using 综合 for mixing physical ingredients. Use 混合 (hùn hé) for physical blending.

❌ 错误: 我把面粉和水综合在一起。
✅ 正确: 我把面粉和水混合在一起。(I mixed the flour and water together.)

❌ 错误: 请你综合一下今天的会议内容。
✅ 正确: 请你总结一下今天的会议内容。(Please summarize the content of today's meeting.)

❌ 错误: 综合的学生都及格了。
✅ 正确: 全部的学生都及格了。(All the students passed.)

✅ 正确: 我们需要综合考虑成本和质量。(We need to comprehensively consider cost and quality.)

✅ 正确: 这是一个综合性的问题。(This is a comprehensive/multifaceted problem.)

Avoiding these common mistakes will make your Chinese sound much more native and precise, especially in academic and professional settings where accurate terminology is crucial.

The Chinese language is rich in vocabulary related to combining, summarizing, and encompassing, which makes distinguishing '综合' (zōng hé) from its synonyms a rewarding challenge. Let us compare '综合' with some of its closest linguistic neighbors to clarify their nuanced differences. First, consider '全面' (quán miàn). '全面' translates to 'comprehensive' or 'all-around', but its literal meaning is 'all faces' or 'all aspects'. It emphasizes breadth—covering every single detail without leaving anything out. '综合', while also translated as 'comprehensive', emphasizes the integration and synthesis of those different aspects into a unified whole. You might have a '全面' (exhaustive) list of problems, but you need a '综合' (synthesized) solution. Next is '结合' (jié hé), which means to combine or link. '结合' is typically used when two distinct things are joined together to work in tandem, such as theory and practice (理论结合实际). '综合' usually involves more than two elements and implies a more complex blending into a new system. Then we have '总结' (zǒng jié), meaning to summarize. As discussed earlier, '总结' is retrospective—looking back at a text, an event, or a period and extracting the key points. '综合' is often proactive or analytical—pulling data together to form a judgment or a plan. Finally, '混合' (hùn hé) means to mix. This is used for physical substances, like mixing chemicals or ingredients, where the original components might lose their distinct forms, whereas '综合' is for abstract concepts.

全面 (quán miàn): Focuses on breadth and covering all aspects without omission. (e.g., 全面检查 - a full checkup).

结合 (jié hé): Focuses on linking or coupling two or more things together to function as one. (e.g., 劳逸结合 - combining work and rest).

总结 (zǒng jié): Focuses on extracting the main points from something that has concluded. (e.g., 总结经验 - summarizing experience).

我们需要对这个问题进行全面的调查。(We need to conduct an exhaustive investigation into this problem.)

学习外语要把听、说、读、写结合起来。(Learning a foreign language requires combining listening, speaking, reading, and writing.)

校长在大会上总结了过去一年的工作。(The principal summarized the past year's work at the assembly.)

不要把这两种化学液体混合。(Do not mix these two chemical liquids.)

经过综合评估，他被评为优秀员工。(After a comprehensive evaluation, he was rated as an excellent employee.)

By understanding these subtle distinctions, you can choose the exact word needed to convey your precise meaning, demonstrating a high level of fluency and cultural understanding.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Adjective + 的 + Noun structure

Adverbial modification of verbs

The '把' (bǎ) structure for synthesizing objects

Suffix '性' (xìng) to create abstract adjectives

Formal sentence starters (综上所述, 综合来看)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这是一家综合医院。

This is a general hospital.

Used as a set noun phrase.

他在综合大学学习。

He studies at a comprehensive university.

Used as a set noun phrase.

我去综合商场买东西。

I go to the comprehensive shopping mall to buy things.

Used as a set noun phrase.

看新闻综合频道。

Watch the news comprehensive channel.

Used as a name/title.

综合医院在哪里？

Where is the general hospital?

Basic question structure.

这是一个综合市场。

This is a comprehensive market.

Used to describe a place with many functions.

综合楼在前面。

The comprehensive building is in front.

Used as a building name.

我喜欢综合果汁。

I like mixed (comprehensive) fruit juice.

Colloquial use for mixed items.

这家综合医院的医生很好。

The doctors at this general hospital are very good.

Subject expansion.

我想考一所综合大学。

I want to test into a comprehensive university.

Expressing desire/plans.

这个综合商场里有很多餐厅。

There are many restaurants in this comprehensive shopping mall.

Location and existence (有).

老师说我的综合成绩不错。

The teacher said my comprehensive grades are not bad.

Adjective modifying abstract noun.

我们需要一个综合的计划。

We need a comprehensive plan.

Adjective with '的'.

这家超市是综合性的。

This supermarket is comprehensive.

Using 性 to form an adjective.

请看综合报道。

Please watch the comprehensive report.

Common media phrase.

他的综合能力很强。

His comprehensive ability is very strong.

Describing personal traits.

综合考虑各种因素，我们决定推迟会议。

Considering various factors comprehensively, we decided to postpone the meeting.

Adverbial use before a verb.

我们要把大家的意见综合起来。

We need to synthesize everyone's opinions together.

Verb use with 把...起来.

现在的公司很看重员工的综合素质。

Modern companies highly value employees' comprehensive qualities.

Common professional collocation.

这是一份综合性的评估报告。

This is a comprehensive evaluation report.

Adjective modifying a formal noun.

综合来看，这个项目是有利可图的。

Viewed comprehensively, this project is profitable.

Common sentence starter (综合来看).

医生对他进行了综合检查。

The doctor conducted a comprehensive examination on him.

Adjective modifying a noun.

你需要提高你的综合英语水平。

You need to improve your comprehensive English level.

Describing multifaceted skills.

这本书综合了多位专家的研究成果。

This book synthesizes the research results of multiple experts.

Verb indicating integration.

在制定政策时，政府必须综合考量经济与环境的平衡。

When making policies, the government must comprehensively consider the balance between the economy and the environment.

Formal adverbial usage.

该报告综合分析了过去十年的市场数据，得出了令人惊讶的结论。

The report comprehensively analyzed market data from the past decade and reached a surprising conclusion.

Adverb modifying a formal two-character verb.

提升国家的综合国力是当前的首要任务。

Enhancing the country's comprehensive national strength is the primary task at present.

High-level political/economic collocation.

这种新型材料是多种金属综合作用的产物。

This new type of material is the product of the comprehensive interaction of multiple metals.

Describing complex scientific processes.

我们不能片面地看待问题，而应该进行综合治理。

We cannot look at the problem one-sidedly, but should carry out comprehensive management.

Contrasting with 片面 (one-sided).

这部电影是一门综合艺术，融合了视觉、听觉和文学。

This movie is a comprehensive art form, integrating visual, auditory, and literary elements.

Abstract concept description.

经过专家组的综合评定，该项目顺利通过验收。

After the comprehensive assessment by the expert panel, the project successfully passed the inspection.

Formal administrative language.

他将西方哲学与东方智慧进行了完美的综合。

He achieved a perfect synthesis of Western philosophy and Eastern wisdom.

Used as a noun (synthesis).

面对错综复杂的国际形势，我们需要具备极强的综合研判能力。

Facing the intricate and complex international situation, we need to possess extremely strong comprehensive analytical and judgmental abilities.

Highly formal academic/political register.

该患者表现出多种并发症状，初步诊断为某种罕见的综合征。

The patient exhibited multiple concurrent symptoms, preliminarily diagnosed as a certain rare syndrome.

Medical terminology (综合征 - syndrome).

城市规划必须打破部门壁垒，实现资源的综合统筹与优化配置。

Urban planning must break down departmental barriers to achieve comprehensive coordination and optimal allocation of resources.

Bureaucratic and planning jargon.

这部宏篇巨著不仅是历史的记录，更是对那个时代社会风貌的综合折射。

This monumental work is not only a record of history but also a comprehensive reflection of the social landscape of that era.

Literary critique vocabulary.

企业在进行跨国并购时，需对目标公司的财务、法务及企业文化进行综合尽职调查。

When conducting cross-border M&A, enterprises must conduct a comprehensive due diligence investigation into the target company's finance, legal affairs, and corporate culture.

Advanced business and legal terminology.

综上所述，唯有采取综合施策，方能从根本上化解这一系统性风险。

To sum up, only by adopting comprehensive measures can this systemic risk be fundamentally resolved.

Formal concluding rhetoric (综上所述).

他的学术成就体现在对前人理论的批判性继承与创造性综合上。

His academic achievements are reflected in his critical inheritance and creative synthesis of predecessors' theories.

Abstract academic discussion.

农业现代化要求实现农林牧副渔的综合循环发展。

Agricultural modernization requires the realization of the comprehensive circular development of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations, and fishery.

Specialized economic/agricultural phrasing.

在后现代语境下，跨学科的综合研究已成为突破学术瓶颈的必然进路。

In the postmodern context, interdisciplinary comprehensive research has become the inevitable approach to breaking through academic bottlenecks.

Highly academic, philosophical register.

王阳明的心学，实则是对儒释道三家思想精髓的深度综合与超越。

Wang Yangming's School of Mind is, in fact, a profound synthesis and transcendence of the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism.

Philosophical and historical analysis.

面对生态危机，人类亟需构建一种涵盖伦理、科技与制度的综合性生态文明范式。

Facing the ecological crisis, humanity urgently needs to construct a comprehensive ecological civilization paradigm encompassing ethics, technology, and institutions.

Global policy and environmental discourse.

该交响乐的伟大之处在于其对民间音乐素材与西方古典曲式的浑然综合。

The greatness of this symphony lies in its seamless synthesis of folk music materials and Western classical musical forms.

Advanced art and music critique.

改革进入深水区，单兵突进已然失效，唯有仰赖系统集成与综合改革的协同发力。

As reform enters the deep water zone, solitary advances have become ineffective; we can only rely on the synergistic effort of system integration and comprehensive reform.

High-level political commentary/metaphor.

语言的演变绝非孤立的词汇更替，而是社会心理、文化接触及认知机制综合演化的宏大表征。

The evolution of language is by no means isolated vocabulary replacement, but a grand manifestation of the comprehensive evolution of social psychology, cultural contact, and cognitive mechanisms.

Linguistic and cognitive science discourse.

在人工智能的底层架构中，符号逻辑与连接主义的综合，预示着通用人工智能的曙光。

In the underlying architecture of artificial intelligence, the synthesis of symbolic logic and connectionism heralds the dawn of artificial general intelligence.

Advanced technological and scientific theory.

他以极其宏阔的历史视野，将碎片化的史料综合熔铸成一部气势磅礴的时代史诗。

With an extremely broad historical vision, he synthesized and forged fragmented historical materials into a majestic epic of the era.

Literary praise using vivid metaphors (熔铸 - forge/melt together).

مترادف‌ها

集合整合汇总归纳

متضادها

单一拆分分析

ترکیب‌های رایج

综合素质

综合医院

综合大学

综合评价

综合考虑

综合分析

综合实力

综合国力

综合治理

综合报道

عبارات رایج

综合来看

综合各方面因素

进行综合评估

提高综合能力

新闻综合频道

综合性大学

综合症 (syndrome)

综合利用

综合发展

综合演练

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

综合 vs 全面

综合 vs 总结

综合 vs 混合

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"错综复杂"

"融会贯通"

"集思广益"

"兼收并蓄"

"博采众长"

"统筹兼顾"

"面面俱到"

"举一反三"

"融为一体"

"海纳百川"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

综合 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

note

While '综合' is highly versatile, it is inherently a formal word. In very casual conversation, people might just say '总的来说' (generally speaking) instead of '综合来看'.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 综合 to mean 'all' or 'entirely' (e.g., saying 综合的苹果 instead of 全部的苹果).
Using 综合 for physical mixing (e.g., saying 把水和油综合 instead of 混合).
Confusing 综合 with 总结 (using 综合 to mean 'summarize a meeting' instead of 'synthesize factors').
Using 综合 with singular, indivisible objects (you cannot synthesize just one thing).
Forgetting to use abstract nouns as the object when 综合 is used as a verb.

نکات

Verb + Object Collocations

When using 综合 as a verb, ensure the object is an abstract noun that represents multiple things, such as 意见 (opinions), 数据 (data), or 信息 (information).

The Suffix 性 (xìng)

You can add 性 to 综合 to make it explicitly an adjective describing the nature of something: 综合性 (comprehensive nature). E.g., 综合性大学.

Sounding Professional

Start your concluding remarks with '综合来看' (zōng hé lái kàn). It instantly makes you sound analytical, thoughtful, and highly proficient in Chinese.

Holistic Thinking

Remember that 综合 reflects the Chinese cultural preference for holistic thinking. Emphasizing the '综合' aspect of a plan will often make it more appealing to Chinese partners.

Formal Summaries

In academic or formal writing, use the four-character idiom '综上所述' (zōng shàng suǒ shù) to mean 'To sum up the above'. It is derived directly from the meaning of 综合.

Not for Physical Objects

Never use 综合 for mixing physical items like paint, food, or chemicals. Always use 混合 (hùn hé) for those situations.

News Broadcasts

Listen for the phrase '综合报道' (zōng hé bào dào) on the news. It means the story was compiled from multiple journalists or news agencies.

Resume Keyword

Use '综合能力' (comprehensive ability) on your Chinese resume to describe your versatile skill set, such as combining technical skills with leadership.

Medical Contexts

If you see '综合征' (zōng hé zhēng) in a medical text, it means 'syndrome'—a synthesis of various symptoms occurring together.

The 'Consideration' Duo

Memorize the phrase '综合考虑' (zōng hé kǎo lǜ) as a single unit. It is one of the most frequent and useful collocations you will ever learn for this word.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine weaving (综) different colored threads together to combine (合) them into a beautiful, comprehensive tapestry.

ریشه کلمه

综 (zōng) originally referred to the heddle of a loom, the device that controls the warp threads in weaving, metaphorically meaning to weave together or sum up. 合 (hé) depicts a mouth speaking in unison or a lid fitting a vessel, meaning to join or combine. Together, they form the concept of weaving disparate threads into a unified whole.

بافت فرهنگی

Essential for understanding Chinese educational reforms, political rhetoric, and holistic medical philosophy.

High

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得现在的公司更看重学历还是综合素质？"

"在选择大学时，你会优先考虑综合大学还是专业院校？"

"综合来看，你对今年的经济形势有什么看法？"

"如果生病了，你更愿意去综合医院还是专科医院？"

"你能综合一下大家刚才在会议上提出的意见吗？"

موضوعات نگارش

综合你过去一年的经历，你学到了什么？

描述一个你需要综合考虑很多因素才能做出的艰难决定。

你认为一个人的'综合素质'应该包含哪些方面？

比较综合大学和专科学校的优缺点。

写一篇短文，综合分析智能手机对现代人生活的影响。

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you cannot. '综合' is strictly used for abstract concepts, data, opinions, or complex systems. For physical mixing, such as ingredients in cooking, you must use '混合' (hùn hé).

'全面' means covering all aspects without leaving anything out (breadth). '综合' means integrating different aspects into a unified whole (synthesis). You can have a '全面' list, but a '综合' analysis.

You say '综合医院' (zōng hé yī yuàn). This indicates that the hospital has all the major departments (internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, etc.) synthesized into one institution.

It is both, and it can also act as an adverb. As a verb: 综合意见 (synthesize opinions). As an adjective: 综合大学 (comprehensive university). As an adverb: 综合考虑 (consider comprehensively).

'综合素质' (comprehensive quality) refers to a student's holistic development. It includes not just academic grades, but also moral character, physical health, artistic ability, and practical skills.

No, this is a common mistake. '综合' does not mean 'all' in terms of quantity. To say 'all the people', you should use '全部的人' (quán bù de rén) or '所有人' (suǒ yǒu rén).

Depending on the context, antonyms include '片面' (piàn miàn - one-sided), '单一' (dān yī - single/unitary), or '局部' (jú bù - partial/local).

A great phrase to use is '综合来看' (Viewed comprehensively / Taking everything into consideration) before giving your final conclusion or recommendation based on the data discussed.

'综合国力' (comprehensive national strength) is a political term used to describe a country's total power, synthesizing its economic, military, technological, and cultural capabilities.

For established compound nouns like 综合医院 or 综合大学, do not use '的'. For abstract descriptions like 综合(的)能力, you can use it, but it is often omitted in formal speech. When using the suffix 性 (综合性), '的' is usually added before the noun (综合性的评价).

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