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B2 verb #25 le plus courant 16 min de lecture

genetic

Top 25

At the A1 level, the word 'genetic' might be a bit difficult, but you can think of it as something related to your family. It describes things you get from your mother and father before you are born. For example, your eye color (blue, brown, green) is genetic. Your height (how tall you are) is also genetic. You can think of it as 'family biology.' When you look like your parents, it is because of your genetic connection to them. You don't need to know the science of DNA yet, just that 'genetic' means it comes from your parents. If your father has curly hair and you have curly hair, you can say it is genetic. It is like a secret code inside your body that tells your body how to grow. This code comes from your family tree. Even at this basic level, understanding that some things about us are fixed from birth because of our family is a great way to start using this word. You might hear it in simple stories about animals or families. Just remember: Genetic = From my parents.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'genetic' to describe physical features more clearly. You might say, 'I have a genetic link to my grandmother because we both have the same nose.' You are learning that 'genetic' is an adjective. It describes nouns like 'traits' or 'features.' You can also use it to talk about simple health topics. For example, 'Some diseases are genetic, so doctors ask about your family.' This means the disease runs in the family. You are beginning to understand that 'genetic' is different from things you learn or do. You learn to ride a bike, but your skin color is genetic. You might also see this word in basic science news, like stories about 'genetic tests' that tell you where your ancestors came from. It's a useful word for describing why people in the same family look similar or why certain animals have specific colors. It helps you move beyond just saying 'it's from my parents' to using a more adult, scientific word.

At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'genetic' in more varied contexts, including health, science, and technology. You understand that 'genetic' refers to DNA and genes. You can talk about 'genetic engineering' in a simple way, such as 'Some people are worried about genetic engineering in food.' You can also use it to discuss more complex family health issues: 'My doctor recommended a genetic test to see if I am at risk for certain conditions.' You are starting to see the word in more serious news articles about medical breakthroughs. You can also use the adverb form 'genetically,' as in 'genetically modified food.' At this level, you should distinguish between 'genetic' (related to genes) and 'hereditary' (passed down). You understand that 'genetic' is a key word in the 'nature vs. nurture' debate—whether our behavior is caused by our genes (genetic) or our environment. This word helps you participate in discussions about identity, health, and the future of science.

At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of 'genetic' and its many collocations. You can use terms like 'genetic makeup,' 'genetic predisposition,' and 'genetic diversity' accurately. You understand the nuances of the word in different fields. In medicine, you know it refers to mutations and screening. In ethics, you know it refers to privacy and discrimination. You can explain complex ideas, such as: 'While I may have a genetic predisposition to high blood pressure, my lifestyle choices also play a significant role.' You are comfortable reading scientific articles that use 'genetic' to describe evolutionary processes or forensic evidence. You can also use the word metaphorically or in more abstract ways, such as discussing the 'genetic code' of a company or a culture, meaning its fundamental nature. You are aware of common mistakes, like confusing 'genetic' with 'generic,' and you avoid them. Your vocabulary is sophisticated enough to use 'genetic' to add precision to your descriptions of biological and social phenomena.

At the C1 level, your use of 'genetic' is precise and context-aware. You understand the difference between 'genetic' and 'genomic,' and you can discuss topics like 'epigenetics'—how the environment affects genetic expression. You can engage in deep ethical debates about 'genetic editing' and the implications of CRISPR technology. You use the word in academic or professional settings with ease. For example, you might write: 'The study explores the genetic architecture of complex traits, highlighting the interplay between multiple loci.' You understand the historical context of the word, from Mendelian genetics to the Human Genome Project. You can also identify and discuss 'genetic drift,' 'genetic bottlenecks,' and 'genetic flow' in the context of population biology. Your understanding of the word is not just about inheritance, but about the entire system of biological information and its impact on individuals and societies. You can critique articles about 'genetic determinism' and argue for a more nuanced view of how genes and environment interact.

At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of 'genetic' and its related terminology. You can navigate the most technical scientific literature and the most complex ethical discussions. You understand the philosophical implications of 'genetic identity' and the potential for 'genetic enhancement' to reshape the human experience. You can use the word with subtle irony or in highly specialized metaphors. Your speech and writing show an awareness of the latest developments in 'genetic sequencing' and 'synthetic biology.' You can discuss the 'genetic basis of behavior' without falling into the trap of oversimplification. You are able to explain the 'genetic load' of a population or the 'genetic distance' between species with perfect clarity. For you, 'genetic' is not just a word, but a lens through which you can analyze the complexities of life, evolution, and the future of humanity. You can move seamlessly between the microscopic details of 'genetic transcription' and the global implications of 'genetic sovereignty' and 'biopiracy.'

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

genetic en 30 secondes

Genetic refers to the biological traits and information passed from parents to offspring through DNA, determining physical characteristics and health predispositions.
It is primarily used as an adjective to describe things like 'genetic code,' 'genetic diseases,' and 'genetic engineering' in scientific and medical contexts.
The word distinguishes innate, inherited characteristics from those acquired through environment or learning, playing a key role in the 'nature vs. nurture' debate.
In modern times, 'genetic' is also central to discussions about identity (DNA testing), forensic science, and the ethics of biological modification.

The term genetic serves as a fundamental pillar in our modern understanding of biology, identity, and health. At its core, it refers to the biological instructions encoded within our DNA that determine everything from the color of our eyes to our predisposition toward certain medical conditions. When people use the word genetic, they are often pointing toward the 'blueprint' of a living organism. It is a word that bridges the gap between the microscopic world of molecules and the macroscopic world of visible traits. In everyday conversation, you might hear someone say, 'Her musical talent is genetic,' implying that the skill was passed down through her family line rather than being solely the result of practice. In a scientific context, the word is used with more precision to describe the mechanisms of heredity and the variation of organisms. The concept of genetics has evolved from Gregor Mendel’s pea plant experiments in the 19th century to the sophisticated CRISPR gene-editing technologies of today. Understanding this word requires recognizing that it describes things that are innate and predetermined by ancestry. It is often contrasted with 'environmental' factors, leading to the classic 'nature versus nurture' debate. For instance, while your height is largely genetic, your ability to speak a specific language is environmental. The word is ubiquitous in medical settings, where doctors discuss genetic screening to identify potential health risks before they manifest. It also appears frequently in discussions about agriculture, specifically regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which have sparked global debates about food safety and ecological impact. By using the word genetic, we acknowledge the deep, invisible threads that connect us to our ancestors and define our biological potential.

Biological Blueprint: The complete set of genetic instructions needed to build and operate a specific organism, stored in the form of DNA.
Hereditary Transmission: The process by which genetic information is passed from parents to their offspring during reproduction.
Genetic Predisposition: An increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person's genetic makeup.

Scientists are working to map the entire genetic code of various endangered species to aid in conservation efforts.

Furthermore, the word genetic carries a weight of permanence. Unlike habits which can be changed, or environments which can be moved from, one's genetic makeup is a constant. This permanence is why the word is so powerful in forensic science; genetic evidence (DNA) can identify a person with near-certainty. In the realm of psychology, researchers look for genetic markers that might influence personality traits like extroversion or risk-taking. The term is also essential in the study of evolution, where genetic mutations are the driving force behind the diversity of life on Earth. When a mutation occurs, it introduces a new genetic variant into a population, which may then be selected for or against by the environment. This illustrates that while 'genetic' implies a fixed starting point, it is also the engine of change over vast periods of time. In modern media, you will see 'genetic' used in headlines about 'designer babies' or 'genetic privacy,' highlighting the ethical dilemmas that arise when we gain the power to read and rewrite our own biological code. The word is not just a scientific label; it is a gateway to understanding the essence of life itself, our history, and our potential future as a species.

The patient underwent genetic counseling to understand the risks of passing a hereditary condition to her children.

Genetic Diversity: The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, serving as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments.

Agricultural companies use genetic modification to create crops that are resistant to pests and drought.

Using the word genetic correctly requires an understanding of its role as an adjective that modifies nouns related to biology, health, and ancestry. It is most frequently placed directly before the noun it describes. For example, in the phrase 'genetic research,' the word 'genetic' specifies the type of research being conducted. It is important to note that 'genetic' describes the *origin* or *nature* of something. If a disease is 'genetic,' it means it is caused by abnormalities in the genome. If a trait is 'genetic,' it means it was inherited. You will often see it paired with words like 'disorder,' 'material,' 'engineering,' and 'testing.' When constructing sentences, ensure that the context supports a biological or hereditary meaning. For instance, 'The genetic makeup of the population has changed over centuries' is a strong, academic use of the word. In more casual settings, you might say, 'My red hair is genetic; both my parents have it.' Note that 'genetic' is rarely used in the comparative or superlative form—something is either genetic or it isn't; it is rarely 'more genetic' than something else, though you might say a trait has a 'stronger genetic component' than another.

Attributive Use: Placed before a noun: 'genetic markers,' 'genetic sequence,' 'genetic history.'
Predicative Use: Following a linking verb: 'The cause of the condition is primarily genetic.'

Recent breakthroughs in genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for treating previously incurable diseases.

In academic writing, 'genetic' is often used to describe the underlying mechanisms of evolution and development. You might write about 'genetic drift,' which refers to random fluctuations in the frequency of gene variants in a population. Or you might discuss 'genetic expression,' which is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. In these contexts, the word is technical and precise. In contrast, in legal or ethical discussions, 'genetic' might be used to describe sensitive information, such as in 'genetic privacy' or 'genetic discrimination.' Here, the word takes on a social dimension, referring to the rights individuals have over their own biological data. When using 'genetic' in a sentence, consider whether you are referring to the physical DNA itself (genetic material), the study of it (genetic science), or the consequences of it (genetic disease). Each of these requires a slightly different supporting vocabulary. For example, 'genetic material' is often 'extracted' or 'sequenced,' while a 'genetic disease' is 'diagnosed' or 'inherited.'

The genetic similarity between humans and chimpanzees is remarkably high, exceeding 98 percent.

To expand your usage, try incorporating 'genetic' into complex sentences that involve cause and effect. For example: 'Because the mutation was genetic, it appeared in every generation of the family tree.' Or use it to describe modern technological advancements: 'The lab is developing a genetic test that can identify susceptibility to heart disease with high accuracy.' By varying the nouns that 'genetic' modifies, you can demonstrate a sophisticated command of the word across different domains, from the laboratory to the courtroom to the dinner table. Always remember that 'genetic' points to the internal, biological reality of an organism, distinguishing it from external, environmental, or acquired characteristics. This distinction is vital for clear communication in both scientific and general English contexts.

By analyzing genetic data, historians can trace the migration patterns of ancient human populations.

The word genetic is no longer confined to the dusty pages of biology textbooks; it has permeated almost every facet of modern life. You will hear it most frequently in medical environments. Doctors often ask about your 'genetic history' or 'family history' to assess your risk for conditions like diabetes, cancer, or heart disease. If you visit a specialist, they might recommend 'genetic screening' to look for specific mutations. In the news, 'genetic' is a buzzword often associated with groundbreaking discoveries. You might hear a news anchor report on 'genetic breakthroughs' in the treatment of rare diseases or the use of 'genetic evidence' in high-profile criminal cases. The popularity of home DNA testing kits like 23andMe and AncestryDNA has also brought the word into common parlance. People often discuss their 'genetic heritage' or 'genetic makeup' at social gatherings, sharing surprises about their ethnic origins or distant relatives discovered through 'genetic matching.'

In the Media: Headlines about 'genetic engineering' in food (GMOs) or 'genetic editing' (CRISPR) in medicine.
In Pop Culture: Science fiction movies like 'Gattaca' or 'Jurassic Park' revolve entirely around the possibilities and perils of genetic manipulation.

The documentary explored the ethical implications of genetic modification in the quest to eliminate hereditary diseases.

In the business world, 'genetic' appears in the names of biotech companies and in discussions about the future of personalized medicine. Investors look for 'genetic startups' that are developing new ways to sequence DNA faster and cheaper. In the courtroom, 'genetic profiling' or 'genetic fingerprinting' is a standard tool for both convicting the guilty and exonerating the innocent. You might hear a lawyer argue about the validity of 'genetic samples' collected at a crime scene. Even in sports, there is increasing talk about 'genetic potential.' Commentators might speculate whether a world-class sprinter has a 'genetic advantage' or if their success is purely the result of training. This shows how the word has moved from a technical term to a way of explaining human performance and capability. Furthermore, in environmental discussions, you'll hear about 'genetic diversity' as a key indicator of an ecosystem's health. Conservationists worry that endangered species with low 'genetic variation' are more vulnerable to extinction because they cannot adapt to environmental changes. Whether you are watching a documentary, reading a health blog, or listening to a podcast about ancestry, 'genetic' is a word that provides the biological context for the stories being told.

Law enforcement agencies often use genetic genealogy to solve cold cases that have remained open for decades.

Finally, the word is increasingly common in the beauty and wellness industry. Companies now offer 'genetic skincare' or 'genetic nutrition' plans, claiming to tailor products to your specific DNA. While the science behind some of these claims is still emerging, the use of the word 'genetic' in marketing highlights its association with precision, personalization, and deep-seated truth. It suggests that by looking at our genes, we can find the 'real' answers to how we should eat, exercise, and care for our bodies. This widespread usage across medicine, law, entertainment, and commerce makes 'genetic' one of the most important and versatile words in the 21st-century vocabulary. Understanding its various contexts will help you navigate complex discussions about science, ethics, and personal identity.

The athlete's incredible lung capacity was attributed to a rare genetic trait found in certain high-altitude populations.

Despite its prevalence, the word genetic is frequently misused or confused with other similar-sounding words. One of the most common errors is confusing 'genetic' with 'generic.' While they sound somewhat alike, their meanings are worlds apart. 'Genetic' relates to genes and heredity, whereas 'generic' refers to something that is common, not specific, or lacks a brand name (like generic medication). Saying 'I have a generic predisposition to heart disease' would be incorrect and confusing; the correct word is 'genetic.' Another frequent mistake is the confusion between 'genetic' and 'genital.' This is a particularly embarrassing error as 'genital' refers to the reproductive organs, while 'genetic' refers to the DNA within the cells. For example, 'genetic herpes' is an incorrect term; the condition is 'genital herpes,' though the virus itself has a 'genetic' structure. Learners also sometimes confuse 'genetic' with 'genealogical.' While both relate to family, 'genealogical' refers to the study of family trees and history (who your ancestors were), while 'genetic' refers to the actual biological material you inherited from them.

Genetic vs. Congenital: Not all genetic conditions are congenital (present at birth), and not all congenital conditions are genetic. For example, a birth defect caused by a drug taken during pregnancy is congenital but not genetic.
Genetic vs. Hereditary: While often used interchangeably, 'genetic' is the broader term. All hereditary diseases are genetic, but not all genetic diseases are hereditary (some are caused by new mutations that weren't in the parents).

Incorrect: 'The doctor said my condition is generic.'
Correct: 'The doctor said my condition is genetic.'

Grammatically, a common mistake is using 'genetic' as a noun. You might hear someone say, 'It's in my genetics,' which is acceptable in informal speech, but in formal writing, it is better to say 'It is in my genetic makeup' or 'It is a genetic trait.' The word 'genetics' (with an 's') is the noun referring to the field of study, while 'genetic' is the adjective. Another subtle mistake involves the misuse of 'genetically.' People often say 'genetically identical' when they mean 'very similar.' In science, 'genetically identical' has a very specific meaning (like identical twins or clones). Using it loosely can lead to inaccuracies in technical discussions. Additionally, some people use 'genetic' when they really mean 'innate' or 'instinctive.' While many instincts have a genetic basis, they are not the same thing. For instance, 'a genetic fear of heights' is a bit of a stretch; it's more accurate to say 'an innate fear' or 'an evolutionary predisposition.' Finally, be careful with the term 'genetic engineering.' It should only be used when humans are intentionally modifying DNA. Natural mutations are not 'genetic engineering,' they are 'genetic variations' or 'mutations.'

Incorrect: 'He has a genealogical disorder.'
Correct: 'He has a genetic disorder.'

Understanding these distinctions will help you avoid confusion and communicate more precisely. Whether you are discussing health, science, or family history, choosing the right word ensures that your meaning is clear. Remember that 'genetic' is a powerful word that carries specific scientific weight. Using it correctly shows a higher level of English proficiency and a better grasp of modern biological concepts. Always double-check the context—if it involves DNA, inheritance, or the fundamental biological code of an organism, 'genetic' is likely the word you need. If it involves general categories or family trees, you might need 'generic' or 'genealogical' instead.

Incorrect: 'The genetic of the plant is complex.'
Correct: 'The genetics of the plant are complex.' (Using the noun form for the field/system)

While genetic is a very specific term, there are several related words that can be used depending on the nuance you want to convey. The most common synonym is 'hereditary.' While 'genetic' refers to anything related to genes, 'hereditary' specifically emphasizes the passing of traits from parents to offspring. For example, you might say 'a genetic mutation' (which could be new) but 'a hereditary disease' (which was definitely inherited). Another close relative is 'innate.' This word describes qualities that you are born with, rather than those you learn. While many innate qualities are genetic, 'innate' is more often used in psychological or behavioral contexts, such as 'an innate talent for math.' Another term is 'congenital,' which means 'present from birth.' As mentioned before, a congenital condition might be genetic, but it could also be caused by environmental factors in the womb. Understanding these subtle differences allows for much more precise communication, especially in medical and scientific fields.

Genetic vs. Hereditary: Genetic: Related to genes (broad). Hereditary: Passed from parents (specific to inheritance).
Genetic vs. Innate: Genetic: Biological/DNA-based. Innate: Existing from birth (often used for skills or behaviors).
Genetic vs. Inborn: 'Inborn' is a slightly more poetic or old-fashioned way of saying innate or genetic. 'An inborn sense of justice.'

While the disease has a genetic basis, its symptoms can be managed through lifestyle changes.

In more technical discussions, you might encounter the word 'genomic.' While 'genetic' usually refers to individual genes or traits, 'genomic' refers to the entire genome—the complete set of genetic material. For example, 'genomic medicine' looks at how all of a person's genes interact with each other and the environment. Another related term is 'chromosomal,' which refers specifically to the chromosomes that carry the genes. If someone has a 'chromosomal abnormality,' it means there is a large-scale problem with the structure or number of their chromosomes (like in Down Syndrome). In evolutionary biology, you might hear the word 'ancestral.' This refers to traits that are inherited from distant ancestors. While these traits are genetic, 'ancestral' places the focus on the long history of the lineage. Finally, 'biological' is the broadest term of all. Everything genetic is biological, but not everything biological is genetic (for example, a scar is biological but not genetic). Using 'genetic' instead of 'biological' provides a much more specific explanation of the cause or nature of a trait.

The researchers compared the genetic profiles of different bird species to determine their evolutionary relationships.

Choosing the right alternative depends on your audience and your goal. If you are writing a scientific paper, 'genetic' or 'genomic' are preferred. If you are writing a novel about a family curse, 'hereditary' or 'ancestral' might sound more evocative. If you are discussing child development, 'innate' or 'inborn' are common choices. By mastering these synonyms and their nuances, you can express yourself more clearly and avoid repetitive language. Remember that 'genetic' is the core term that links all these concepts together, representing the fundamental biological reality of inheritance and variation. Whether you use 'genetic' or one of its alternatives, you are tapping into a rich vocabulary that describes the very essence of life and identity.

Some scientists argue that our genetic makeup only accounts for a small portion of our overall health and happiness.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Neutre

Informel

Child friendly

Argot

Le savais-tu ?

The word 'genetics' as a field of study wasn't coined until 1905 by William Bateson, long after the word 'genetic' was already being used in other contexts. Before that, people used terms like 'heredity' or 'pangenesis.'

Guide de prononciation

UK /dʒəˈnet.ɪk/

US /dʒəˈnet̬.ɪk/

Second syllable: ge-NET-ic

Rime avec

athletic aesthetic synthetic pathetic magnetic energetic poetic prophetic anesthetic

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing the 'g' as a hard 'g' (like in 'go'). It should be a soft 'j' sound.
Stressing the first syllable (GE-ne-tic). The stress must be on the second.
Confusing the ending with '-ical'. While 'genetical' exists, 'genetic' is much more common.
Pronouncing the 'e' in 'net' too long. It should be a short 'e' like in 'pet'.
Mumbling the final 'ic' sound. It should be a crisp 'ik'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

Common in news and science articles, but requires some biological context to fully grasp.

Écriture 3/5

Easy to use as an adjective, but must be careful not to confuse with 'generic'.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronunciation is key; once mastered, it's a very useful word for describing family and health.

Écoute 4/5

Can be missed in fast speech or confused with similar-sounding words like 'genital'.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

gene family parent body health

Apprends ensuite

hereditary mutation genome engineering evolution

Avancé

epigenetics CRISPR alleles phenotype genotype

Grammaire à connaître

Adjective Order

A rare genetic disorder (Opinion + Classification + Noun).

Adverbs from Adjectives

Genetic -> Genetically. 'The food was genetically modified.'

Compound Adjectives

Genetic-based research (Hyphenated when before a noun).

Noun vs. Adjective

Genetics (Noun) is the study; Genetic (Adjective) is the quality.

Prefixes

Epigenetic (Above/outside the genes).

Exemples par niveau

My blue eyes are genetic.

Mes yeux bleus sont génétiques.

Used as a predicative adjective after 'are'.

Is your height genetic?

Ta taille est-elle génétique ?

Question form using 'is'.

Cats have genetic patterns on their fur.

Les chats ont des motifs génétiques sur leur pelage.

Attributive adjective modifying 'patterns'.

The color of a flower is genetic.

La couleur d'une fleur est génétique.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.

We share genetic traits with our parents.

Nous partageons des traits génétiques avec nos parents.

Modifying the noun 'traits'.

A genetic link connects families.

Un lien génétique unit les familles.

Attributive adjective modifying 'link'.

Is curly hair genetic?

Les cheveux bouclés sont-ils génétiques ?

Interrogative sentence.

Animals get genetic info from their mothers.

Les animaux reçoivent des infos génétiques de leurs mères.

Informal abbreviation 'info' used with 'genetic'.

The doctor asked about my genetic history.

Le médecin a posé des questions sur mes antécédents génétiques.

Common medical collocation 'genetic history'.

Some genetic diseases are very rare.

Certaines maladies génétiques sont très rares.

Plural noun phrase 'genetic diseases'.

They are studying the genetic code of plants.

Ils étudient le code génétique des plantes.

Technical term 'genetic code'.

My twin brother and I have the same genetic makeup.

Mon frère jumeau et moi avons la même composition génétique.

Noun phrase 'genetic makeup'.

Is there a genetic reason for this trait?

Y a-t-il une raison génétique à ce trait ?

Using 'genetic' to explain a cause.

The genetic test was quick and easy.

Le test génétique a été rapide et facile.

Noun phrase 'genetic test'.

Scientists find genetic clues in old bones.

Les scientifiques trouvent des indices génétiques dans les vieux os.

Metaphorical use of 'clues' with 'genetic'.

The genetic similarity between us is high.

La similitude génétique entre nous est élevée.

Abstract noun 'similarity' modified by 'genetic'.

Genetic engineering can help create better crops.

Le génie génétique peut aider à créer de meilleures cultures.

Compound noun 'genetic engineering'.

He has a genetic predisposition to heart problems.

Il a une prédisposition génétique aux problèmes cardiaques.

Advanced collocation 'genetic predisposition'.

The company offers genetic screening for employees.

L'entreprise propose un dépistage génétique aux employés.

Noun phrase 'genetic screening'.

Genetic variation is important for a species to survive.

La variation génétique est importante pour la survie d'une espèce.

Scientific term 'genetic variation'.

Is the intelligence of a person purely genetic?

L'intelligence d'une personne est-elle purement génétique ?

Adverb 'purely' modifying the adjective 'genetic'.

They found genetic material at the crime scene.

Ils ont trouvé du matériel génétique sur la scène du crime.

Forensic term 'genetic material'.

The genetic profile of the virus is changing.

Le profil génétique du virus est en train de changer.

Noun phrase 'genetic profile'.

We need to protect our genetic privacy.

Nous devons protéger notre confidentialité génétique.

Ethical term 'genetic privacy'.

The researchers mapped the genetic sequence of the bacteria.

Les chercheurs ont cartographié la séquence génétique de la bactérie.

Technical verb 'mapped' with 'genetic sequence'.

Genetic counseling is recommended for couples with a history of disorders.

Le conseil génétique est recommandé pour les couples ayant des antécédents de troubles.

Professional term 'genetic counseling'.

The study explores the genetic basis of addiction.

L'étude explore la base génétique de l'addiction.

Abstract noun 'basis' modified by 'genetic'.

Genetic drift can lead to the loss of rare alleles in small populations.

La dérive génétique peut entraîner la perte d'allèles rares dans les petites populations.

Specialized evolutionary term 'genetic drift'.

Ethical concerns surround the use of genetic modification in humans.

Des préoccupations éthiques entourent l'utilisation de la modification génétique chez l'homme.

Noun phrase 'genetic modification'.

The patient's response to the drug was influenced by genetic factors.

La réponse du patient au médicament a été influencée par des facteurs génétiques.

Passive voice with 'genetic factors'.

Genetic markers can be used to track the origin of food products.

Les marqueurs génétiques peuvent être utilisés pour suivre l'origine des produits alimentaires.

Technical term 'genetic markers'.

The museum has a fascinating exhibit on genetic evolution.

Le musée propose une exposition fascinante sur l'évolution génétique.

Noun phrase 'genetic evolution'.

The genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders is incredibly complex.

L'architecture génétique des troubles psychiatriques est incroyablement complexe.

Metaphorical scientific term 'genetic architecture'.

The advent of CRISPR has revolutionized the field of genetic editing.

L'avènement de CRISPR a révolutionné le domaine de l'édition génétique.

Modern technical term 'genetic editing'.

There is a significant genetic component to the variation in human lifespan.

Il existe une composante génétique significative dans la variation de la durée de vie humaine.

Formal phrase 'genetic component'.

The population underwent a genetic bottleneck following the volcanic eruption.

La population a subi un goulot d'étranglement génétique suite à l'éruption volcanique.

Advanced evolutionary term 'genetic bottleneck'.

Genetic determinism is the belief that genes alone determine human traits.

Le déterminisme génétique est la croyance selon laquelle les gènes déterminent à eux seuls les traits humains.

Philosophical/Scientific concept 'genetic determinism'.

The study utilized a large-scale genetic association analysis.

L'étude a utilisé une analyse d'association génétique à grande échelle.

Highly technical research terminology.

The genetic diversity of the rainforest is a priceless global resource.

La diversité génétique de la forêt tropicale est une ressource mondiale inestimable.

Ecological context for 'genetic diversity'.

Lawsuits regarding genetic discrimination are becoming more common.

Les poursuites concernant la discrimination génétique deviennent plus courantes.

Legal term 'genetic discrimination'.

The intricate interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers remains elusive.

L'interaction complexe entre la susceptibilité génétique et les déclencheurs environnementaux reste insaisissable.

Highly formal academic structure.

Horizontal genetic transfer plays a pivotal role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Le transfert génétique horizontal joue un rôle pivot dans la propagation de la résistance aux antibiotiques.

Specialized microbiology term 'horizontal genetic transfer'.

The philosopher argued against the commodification of genetic information.

Le philosophe s'est élevé contre la marchandisation de l'information génétique.

Advanced vocabulary 'commodification' with 'genetic information'.

Epigenetic modifications can alter gene expression without changing the underlying genetic sequence.

Les modifications épigénétiques peuvent altérer l'expression des gènes sans changer la séquence génétique sous-jacente.

Distinguishing 'epigenetic' from 'genetic'.

The project aims to preserve the genetic integrity of indigenous crop varieties.

Le projet vise à préserver l'intégrité génétique des variétés de cultures indigènes.

Formal term 'genetic integrity'.

The genetic distance between these two lineages suggests a divergence millions of years ago.

La distance génétique entre ces deux lignées suggère une divergence il y a des millions d'années.

Technical evolutionary term 'genetic distance'.

The critique focused on the reductionist nature of purely genetic explanations for behavior.

La critique s'est concentrée sur la nature réductionniste des explications purement génétiques du comportement.

Academic critique terminology.

Advances in synthetic biology allow for the creation of entirely novel genetic circuits.

Les progrès de la biologie synthétique permettent la création de circuits génétiques entièrement nouveaux.

Cutting-edge scientific term 'genetic circuits'.

Synonymes

hereditary inherited genomic innate ancestral

Antonymes

acquired environmental learned

Collocations courantes

genetic makeup

genetic engineering

genetic disorder

genetic code

genetic predisposition

genetic testing

genetic diversity

genetic material

genetic modification

genetic markers

Phrases Courantes

it's in the genes

genetic blueprint

genetic lottery

genetic fingerprint

genetic heritage

genetic screening

genetic counseling

genetic drift

genetic expression

genetic link

Souvent confondu avec

genetic vs generic

Generic means non-specific or a store brand. Genetic means related to genes. 'I bought generic cereal' vs 'I have a genetic trait.'

genetic vs genital

Genital refers to reproductive organs. Genetic refers to DNA. Confusing them is a common and embarrassing error.

genetic vs genealogical

Genealogical is about family trees and history. Genetic is about the biological material. 'My genealogical research' vs 'My genetic makeup.'

Expressions idiomatiques

"it's in his/her DNA"

Something is a fundamental part of someone's character or nature. It is a modern idiomatic way of saying something is genetic.

Hard work is just in her DNA.

Informal

"the apple doesn't fall far from the tree"

A child is very similar to their parent. While not using the word 'genetic,' it describes a genetic reality.

He's just as stubborn as his father; the apple doesn't fall far from the tree.

General

"blood will tell"

Family characteristics or 'blood' will eventually show themselves. An old-fashioned way of talking about genetic influence.

He tried to hide his temper, but blood will tell.

Old-fashioned

"born with it"

To have a natural talent or physical feature from birth. It implies a genetic origin.

She didn't take singing lessons; she was just born with it.

Informal

"runs in the family"

A trait or condition that many members of a family have. This is the most common way to describe something genetic.

Musical talent runs in the family.

General

"nature over nurture"

The belief that genetics (nature) is more important than environment (nurture) in shaping a person.

In the debate of nature over nurture, he firmly believes in the power of genes.

Academic/General

"a chip off the old block"

Someone who is very similar to their father or mother. It highlights the visible results of genetics.

He's a chip off the old block, just like his dad at that age.

Informal

"cut from the same cloth"

Two people who are very similar in character or nature. Often used for relatives.

The two brothers are cut from the same cloth.

General

"like father, like son"

A son often behaves or looks like his father. A classic idiom for genetic and behavioral inheritance.

He loves fishing just like his dad. Like father, like son.

General

"in the blood"

A skill or quality that is natural to someone because of their family. Similar to 'in the genes.'

Farming is in their blood; they've done it for generations.

General

Facile à confondre

genetic vs Congenital

Both relate to things present at birth.

Genetic means caused by genes (inherited or new mutation). Congenital simply means present at birth, which could be due to genes OR environment (like a virus in the womb).

The defect was congenital, but not genetic, as it was caused by an infection during pregnancy.

genetic vs Hereditary

Both involve inheritance.

Genetic is the broad scientific term for anything related to genes. Hereditary specifically means passed from parent to offspring. A new genetic mutation is genetic but not hereditary.

While the cancer was caused by a genetic mutation, it wasn't hereditary because his parents didn't have it.

genetic vs Innate

Both mean 'born with it.'

Genetic refers to the biological cause (DNA). Innate is a more general term used for behaviors, skills, or qualities that aren't learned, regardless of the exact biological mechanism.

Birds have an innate instinct to fly, which is rooted in their genetic code.

genetic vs Genomic

Both relate to genes.

Genetic usually refers to specific genes or the study of heredity. Genomic refers to the entire genome—the complete set of all an organism's genes and their interactions.

Genetic testing looks for one gene; genomic sequencing looks at all of them.

genetic vs Inherited

Both involve passing things down.

Inherited is a general verb/adjective for anything received from ancestors (money, house, traits). Genetic is strictly biological.

He inherited his father's fortune and his genetic predisposition for baldness.

Structures de phrases

My [body part] is genetic.

My hair is genetic.

I have a genetic [trait].

I have a genetic link to my aunt.

It is a genetic [disorder/condition].

It is a genetic condition that affects the lungs.

There is a genetic predisposition to [disease].

There is a genetic predisposition to heart disease.

The genetic architecture of [complex trait] is...

The genetic architecture of intelligence is still being studied.

The interplay between genetic [factor] and [environment]...

The interplay between genetic susceptibility and toxic exposure is key.

Is [trait] purely genetic?

Is musical talent purely genetic?

The [noun] was influenced by genetic factors.

The patient's recovery was influenced by genetic factors.

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in science, medicine, and discussions about family/identity.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'generic' instead of 'genetic'. → He has a genetic disorder.
'Generic' means non-specific or a brand-less product. 'Genetic' means related to genes. This is the most common error for English learners.
Using 'genetic' as a noun. → The genetics of the virus are complex.
'Genetic' is an adjective. 'Genetics' is the noun. You cannot say 'the genetic of the person.'
Confusing 'genetic' with 'genital'. → It is a genetic trait.
'Genital' refers to reproductive organs. This is a very embarrassing mistake. Always double-check the 'n' and 't' placement.
Saying 'more genetic'. → It has a stronger genetic component.
'Genetic' is usually an absolute adjective. Something is either genetic or it isn't. Use 'stronger component' or 'largely genetic' instead of 'more genetic.'
Using 'genetic' for family history research. → I am doing genealogical research.
'Genealogical' is the study of family trees. 'Genetic' is the study of DNA. While related, they are different fields of activity.

Astuces

Adjective Only

Always use 'genetic' to describe something else. Don't say 'the genetic is complex'; say 'the genetics are complex' or 'the genetic structure is complex.'

Genetic vs. Generic

Remember: 'Genetic' = Genes (Biology). 'Generic' = General (Store brand). They sound similar but are never interchangeable.

Medical Accuracy

In a medical context, 'genetic' is very precise. If a doctor says a condition is genetic, they are talking about your DNA, not just your lifestyle.

Adverb Form

If you need to describe an action, use 'genetically.' For example: 'The crops were genetically altered.' This is the most common way to use the word as a modifier for a verb.

Nature vs. Nurture

Use 'genetic' when talking about 'nature' (what you are born with) in the famous 'nature vs. nurture' debate about human behavior.

Soft G

The 'G' in genetic sounds like a 'J'. Practice saying 'Journal' and 'Genetic' to get the starting sound right.

Avoid Repetition

If you use 'genetic' too much in an essay, try synonyms like 'hereditary,' 'innate,' or 'biological' to keep your writing interesting.

Suffix Clues

The '-ic' suffix tells you it's an adjective. Other related words like 'genetics' (-ics) are nouns. This helps you identify the part of speech quickly.

Sensitive Topics

When discussing genetics in humans, be aware that it can be a sensitive topic related to identity and ethics. Use the word respectfully.

Gene-Tic

Think of a 'Gene' that has a 'Tic' (a small habit). The 'Tic' is part of the 'Gene's' nature. This helps you remember the spelling and the meaning.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'GENE' + 'TIC'. A 'GENE' is the 'TIC'king clock of your life—it decides your timing and traits from the start.

Association visuelle

Imagine a long, twisting ladder (DNA) that has your parents' faces painted on the rungs. This ladder is your 'genetic' path.

Word Web

DNA Heredity Parents Traits Mutation Engineering Ancestry Biology

Défi

Write three sentences about yourself: one physical trait that is genetic, one talent that might be genetic, and one thing about you that is definitely NOT genetic.

Origine du mot

The word 'genetic' comes from the Greek word 'genesis,' which means 'origin,' 'source,' or 'birth.' It entered the English language in the early 19th century, initially used in a more general sense to mean 'relating to origin.'

Sens originel : Relating to the origin or beginning of something.

Indo-European (Greek root)

Contexte culturel

Be careful when discussing 'genetic' traits in the context of race or intelligence, as these topics have a history of being used for discrimination (eugenics). Always focus on the science and individual health.

In the US and UK, 'genetic' is often used in the 'nature vs. nurture' debate, which is a common topic in schools and media.

The movie 'Gattaca' (1997) explores a future where society is divided by genetic quality. The book 'The Selfish Gene' by Richard Dawkins popularized genetic concepts. The 'Human Genome Project' is the most famous scientific effort related to genetics.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At the Doctor's Office

Is this condition genetic?
I have a genetic history of...
Should I get genetic testing?
What are the genetic risks?

In a Science Class

The genetic code is universal.
Genetic variation drives evolution.
We are studying genetic mutations.
Explain the genetic basis of...

Discussing Food/GMOs

Is this genetically modified?
The benefits of genetic engineering.
Concerns about genetic diversity.
Genetic changes in crops.

Talking about Family

It's a genetic trait.
Our genetic link is clear.
That's just genetic, I guess.
We share a lot of genetic material.

Forensics/Crime Shows

We found genetic evidence.
Run a genetic profile.
The genetic match is 100%.
Genetic fingerprinting solved it.

Amorces de conversation

"Do you think personality is mostly genetic or shaped by how we are raised?"

"Would you ever want to have your full genetic code sequenced?"

"What is one physical trait you have that is definitely genetic from your parents?"

"Are you worried about the use of genetic engineering in our food supply?"

"If you could change one genetic trait about yourself, what would it be?"

Sujets d'écriture

Reflect on a talent or skill you have. Do you think there is a genetic component to it, or did you learn it all yourself?

Write about the ethical implications of 'designer babies.' Should parents be allowed to choose their children's genetic traits?

How does knowing your genetic history change how you think about your health and future?

Describe a time you saw a strong genetic resemblance between two people. How did it make you feel about the power of heredity?

Research a genetic discovery from the last year and explain why it is important for the future of medicine.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

In standard English, 'genetic' is an adjective. It describes nouns, such as 'genetic code' or 'genetic disease.' The noun form for the field of study is 'genetics.' While people sometimes say 'it's in my genetics,' using 'genetic' as a noun (e.g., 'the genetic of the plant') is incorrect.

Genetic is a broad term for anything related to genes. Hereditary specifically refers to traits or diseases passed from parents to children. All hereditary things are genetic, but not all genetic things are hereditary (for example, a new mutation that occurs for the first time in a child is genetic but not inherited from the parents).

Yes, you can. Scientists believe many personality traits have a 'genetic component.' For example, you could say, 'Her optimism seems to be genetic.' However, remember that environment also plays a huge role in personality, so it's often more accurate to say 'partly genetic.'

The stress is on the second syllable: ge-NET-ic. The 'g' at the beginning is soft, like a 'j' (as in 'jam'). The 'e' in 'net' is a short 'e' like in 'pet.' Avoid stressing the first syllable, which is a common mistake for learners.

It refers to an organism (usually a plant or animal) whose DNA has been changed by scientists in a lab to give it specific traits, like being resistant to bugs or growing faster. This is often abbreviated as 'GM' or 'GMO' (Genetically Modified Organism).

They are similar but not identical. 'Innate' means you are born with it (not learned). 'Genetic' explains *why* you are born with it (because of your DNA). Most innate traits are genetic, but 'innate' is more common in psychology, while 'genetic' is more common in biology.

It means you have a higher chance of developing a certain disease because of your genes. It doesn't mean you *will* get the disease, just that your body is more 'at risk' for it. For example, some people have a genetic predisposition to heart disease.

No, 'genetic' is not a verb. If you want to describe the action of changing genes, you would use 'engineer,' 'modify,' or the very rare verbs 'genetize' or 'geneticize.' In 99% of cases, you should use 'genetic' as an adjective.

It is a medical test that looks at a person's DNA to see if they have any mutations that could cause disease. It is often done for pregnant women or people with a family history of certain illnesses.

Genetic diversity means there are many different types of genes within a group of animals or plants. This is important because it helps the group survive if the environment changes (like a new disease or a change in weather). Without diversity, a whole species could die out more easily.