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B2 verb 11 min de lecture

اقتباس کردن

eqtebâs kardan
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces اقتباس کردن en 30 secondes
Explication اقتباس کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'اقتباس کردن' (eqtebās kardan) is quite advanced. You can think of it as 'making a movie from a book.' Imagine you have a favorite storybook, and then you see the same story on TV. That process is called 'eqtebās'. You don't need to use this word yet, but you might see it in the titles of movies. It's like 'taking' a story from one place and 'putting' it in another. For now, just remember it has to do with stories and movies. You can use simpler words like 'sākhtan' (to make) or 'gereftan' (to take). For example, 'The movie is from the book.' In Persian: 'Film az ketāb ast.' This is the basic idea that 'eqtebās' describes in a more professional way. Think of it as 'copying a story to a new place.'
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn compound verbs. 'اقتباس کردن' is a compound verb made of 'eqtebās' and 'kardan'. It means 'to adapt'. You use it when you talk about books, movies, or plays. If you like a movie that was a book first, you can say 'This movie is an adaptation.' In Persian, you use the preposition 'az' (from). For example: 'In film az yak ketāb eqtebās shodeh ast' (This movie has been adapted from a book). You might hear this word on the news or in school. It is more formal than 'sākhtan'. It shows that the story is not original, but comes from somewhere else. Don't worry about using it in every sentence, but try to recognize it when you hear about movies.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'اقتباس کردن' in specific contexts like art and literature. You understand that it's not just 'making' something, but 'transforming' it. When discussing your favorite films, you can say: 'I prefer the novel to the movie adaptation.' (Man romān rā be eqtebās-e filmi tarjih midaham). You should also know the passive form 'eqtebās shodan' (to be adapted). This level requires you to distinguish between 'eqtebās' (adaptation) and 'taqlid' (imitation). You know that 'eqtebās' is a professional term. You can use it to describe how a play is adapted for the stage or how a song is adapted for a different instrument. It's a key word for talking about culture.
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At the B2 level, 'اقتباس کردن' is a core part of your vocabulary for discussing media, law, and academia. You should use it fluently to describe the relationship between different works. You understand the nuances, such as 'eqtebās-e vafādārāneh' (faithful adaptation) versus 'eqtebās-e āzād' (free adaptation). You can use it in a broader sense, such as adapting a scientific theory to a new field of study. You are aware of the etymology (taking a spark from a fire) and how that adds a poetic layer to the word. You can also use related nouns like 'moqtebes' (the person who adapts). Your sentences should be complex, using the word to analyze the quality of a work: 'The director's adaptation was unsuccessful because it lost the book's soul.'
At the C1 level, you use 'اقتباس کردن' with precision in academic and professional writing. You can discuss the ethics of 'eqtebās' and intellectual property rights. You might use it to describe how a political system is an 'eqtebās' from another country's model, analyzing what was kept and what was changed. You are comfortable using it in the 'nemudan' form (eqtebās nemudan) in very formal contexts. You can engage in high-level debates about intertextuality, using 'eqtebās' as a starting point to discuss how all art is a form of borrowing. You also recognize its use in classical Persian literature studies, where it refers to poets 'borrowing' themes or verses from their predecessors as a form of homage.
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At the C2 level, 'اقتباس کردن' is a tool for philosophical and critical analysis. You can explore the 'ontological' status of an adaptation—at what point does an 'eqtebās' become a completely original work? You use the word in discussions about post-modernism and the 'death of the author'. You can write critiques of films or literature where you analyze the 'eqtebās' not just as a change of medium, but as a cultural translation that reflects the socio-political climate of the time. You are also aware of the most obscure synonyms and can use the word in varied grammatical structures, including complex gerunds and participial phrases, to convey subtle shades of meaning in literary criticism.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

اقتباس کردن en 30 secondes

  • Eqtebās kardan is a formal Persian compound verb meaning 'to adapt' or 'to borrow' from an intellectual or artistic source material.
  • It is primarily used in the context of cinema, literature, and theater to describe works based on existing books or stories.
  • The verb uses the preposition 'az' (from) and is derived from an Arabic root meaning to take a spark from a fire.
  • It is a B2-level word that distinguishes creative adaptation from simple imitation or copying, emphasizing a respectful transformation.

The Persian verb اقتباس کردن (eqtebās kardan) is a sophisticated compound verb primarily used in intellectual, literary, and artistic contexts. At its core, it means 'to adapt' or 'to borrow' from a source material to create something new. While in English 'adapt' can mean adjusting to a new climate, in Persian, eqtebās kardan is almost exclusively reserved for the act of taking a story, an idea, or a piece of music and repurposing it for a different medium or context. For instance, when a director turns a famous novel into a film, they are performing an eqtebās. This word carries a sense of respect for the original source; it is not mere copying (copy kardan) or imitation (taqlid kardan), but rather a creative transformation that maintains a link to the original light or essence of the source work.

Literary Context
In literature, it refers to the process of rewriting a text, often changing the setting or the language, while keeping the core themes intact. It is the standard term used in academic discussions about intertextuality.

این فیلم از یکی از داستان‌های کوتاه صادق هدایت اقتباس شده است.

Translation: This film has been adapted from one of Sadegh Hedayat's short stories.

The word originates from the Arabic root 'qabs', which relates to taking a spark from a fire. Imagine someone taking a small flame from a large bonfire to start their own hearth; this beautifully illustrates the concept of eqtebās. You are taking the 'fire' of an original idea to light your own creative work. In modern Iranian media, you will frequently hear this term during film festivals or book reviews. If a screenplay is based on a true story or a historical event, critics might debate how faithfully the writer has eqtebās-ed the facts. It is a B2-level word because it requires an understanding of the nuance between 'taking' and 'stealing'.

Cultural Nuance
In Iran, there is a long tradition of 'eqtebās' in theater, where Western plays (like those of Molière or Shakespeare) were adapted into a local Iranian context, changing names and locations to make them relatable to the local audience.

او در نوشته‌هایش از سبک نویسندگان کلاسیک اقتباس می‌کند.

Translation: He adapts/borrows from the style of classical writers in his writings.

Furthermore, eqtebās kardan can be used in a broader intellectual sense. If a scientist takes a methodology from biology and applies it to sociology, that is an eqtebās. It implies a level of intellectual rigor and conscious selection. Unlike 'copying', which is often seen as negative or lazy, eqtebās is often viewed as a scholarly or artistic skill. It requires the ability to recognize the value in an existing work and the creativity to translate that value into a new form. In the age of digital media, the term has expanded to include the adaptation of video games into movies or the 'sampling' of music, though 'sampel kardan' is also used in informal music circles.

آیا این نمایشنامه مستقیماً از متن اصلی اقتباس شده است؟

Translation: Was this play adapted directly from the original text?
Usage in Media
Journalists often use this word when discussing how a foreign policy or educational system has been adapted from another country to suit Iran's specific needs.

Using اقتباس کردن correctly requires understanding its grammatical structure as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (the noun or adjective) and a light verb (like kardan, shodan, dāshtan). For eqtebās kardan, the light verb is 'kardan' (to do/make). This means when you conjugate the verb, you only change the 'kardan' part. For example, 'I adapt' is 'eqtebās mikonam' and 'they adapted' is 'eqtebās kardand'. The non-verbal part 'eqtebās' remains static. This structure is vital for B2 learners to master, as many formal Persian verbs follow this pattern.

Passive Voice
To say something 'was adapted', you change 'kardan' to 'shodan'. Example: 'این فیلم اقتباس شده است' (This film has been adapted).

نویسنده تلاش کرد تا با اقتباس کردن از فرهنگ عامه، داستان را جذاب‌تر کند.

Translation: The writer tried to make the story more attractive by adapting from folklore.

When constructing sentences, the preposition از (az - from) is almost always used to indicate the source. You 'adapt FROM' something. If you are adapting a book into a movie, you say 'az ketāb' (from the book). The target medium can be introduced with 'be surat-e' (in the form of) or simply implied. For example: 'او این سریال را از یک رمان فرانسوی اقتباس کرد' (He adapted this series from a French novel). Note that the word 'eqtebās' itself is formal. In very casual conversation, people might say 'az ruye ... sākhtan' (to make based on ...), but in any professional or academic setting, eqtebās kardan is the preferred choice.

بسیاری از فیلم‌های هالیوودی از آثار ادبی کلاسیک اقتباس می‌کنند.

Translation: Many Hollywood movies adapt from classical literary works.

Another important aspect is the usage of the word in the past participle form as an adjective: eqtebās-shodeh (adapted). You might see this on a movie poster: 'اقتباس‌شده از رمان پرفروش ...' (Adapted from the best-selling novel ...). This is a very common way to see the word in the wild. Furthermore, the verb can be used in the continuous tense: 'dārad eqtebās mikonad' (is adapting). This is used when a project is currently in development. Using this verb correctly signals to native speakers that you have a high level of literacy and are comfortable discussing media and arts.

Word Order
In Persian, the verb usually comes at the end. 'U [Subject] az ketāb [Prepositional Phrase] eqtebās kard [Verb].'

ما نباید بدون اجازه از طرح‌های دیگران اقتباس کنیم.

Translation: We should not adapt/borrow from others' designs without permission.

You are most likely to encounter اقتباس کردن in the cultural and arts sections of Iranian newspapers like 'Etemad' or 'Shargh'. It is a staple of film criticism. If you watch programs on 'IRIB' (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting) or 'BBC Persian' that discuss cinema, the host will inevitably ask a director about their 'eqtebās' process. For example, during the Fajr Film Festival, critics often debate whether an 'eqtebās' was 'vafādārāneh' (faithful) to the original book or 'āzād' (free/loose). Hearing this word immediately places the conversation in a high-culture or intellectual domain.

Academic Lectures
In university departments of Persian Literature or Art, professors use this word to describe the historical influence of one culture on another. It’s used to explain how Persian poets adapted themes from Arabic poetry or vice versa.

منتقد گفت: این فیلم یک اقتباس درخشان از شاهنامه است.

Translation: The critic said: This film is a brilliant adaptation of the Shahnameh.

In the legal world, specifically regarding intellectual property (hoquq-e moallef), eqtebās kardan is used to define what constitutes a legal adaptation versus what is a copyright infringement. Lawyers and legal experts use it to discuss the rights of the original creator when their work is transformed into a new medium. If you are reading a contract for a translation or a screenplay in Iran, you will see this word. It is also common in the world of classical music and 'radif', where a musician might adapt a melody from a folk song into a more formal composition.

در این مقاله، نویسنده از نظریات فوکو اقتباس کرده است.

Translation: In this article, the author has adapted/borrowed from Foucault's theories.

Finally, you will hear this word in the context of 'dubbing' and 'localization'. While 'dubbing' is 'dubleh', the process of changing the script to fit Iranian cultural norms (like changing a character's relationship or a food item) is sometimes referred to as a cultural eqtebās. It is a word that bridges the gap between the original and the new, the foreign and the local. For a learner, hearing this word is a signal to pay attention to the relationship between two different works of art or ideas. It is rarely used in 'street' slang, but if a group of friends is discussing a movie they just saw at the cinema, they will certainly use it.

News Context
News anchors use it when reporting on international treaties or laws that Iran is adopting or adapting for its own legal framework.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing اقتباس کردن with taqlid kardan (to imitate). While 'taqlid' often has a neutral or slightly negative connotation (mimicking someone without much original thought), eqtebās is almost always a positive, intellectual process. You 'taqlid' a person's voice, but you 'eqtebās' their ideas or stories. Using 'taqlid' when you mean 'eqtebās' can make it sound like you are accusing a director of being unoriginal or a 'copycat', which might not be your intention.

Mistake: Wrong Preposition
Learners often try to use 'be' (to) or 'dar' (in) instead of 'az' (from). Incorrect: 'dar romān eqtebās kard'. Correct: 'az romān eqtebās kard'.

اشتباه: او فیلم را در کتاب اقتباس کرد. (غلط)

Correction: Use 'az' (from) instead of 'dar' (in).

Another common error is using eqtebās kardan for physical adaptations, like a plant adapting to the desert or a person adapting to a new city. For these contexts, the correct word is sāzegār shodan (to become compatible/adapt) or adat kardan (to get used to). If you say you are 'eqtebās kardan' to the cold weather in Tehran, people will be very confused, as it sounds like you are trying to turn yourself into a literary work based on the weather! This distinction between 'artistic adaptation' and 'biological/personal adjustment' is crucial at the B2 level.

اشتباه: من دارم به محیط جدید اقتباس می‌کنم. (غلط)

Correct: Use 'sāzegār mishavam' or 'ādat mikonam' for personal adjustment.

Lastly, some learners forget that 'eqtebās' is a compound verb and try to pluralize it or treat it like a simple verb. You cannot say 'eqtebāsid'. You must always include 'kardan'. Also, be careful with the word 'tarjomeh' (translation). While an 'eqtebās' might involve translation, they are not the same. A translation aims for literal equivalence, whereas an adaptation allows for significant changes in plot, setting, or character. If you call a movie a 'translation' of a book in Persian, it sounds technically incorrect; it should be an 'eqtebās'.

Confusion with 'Copy'
Avoid 'copy kardan' in academic essays. 'Eqtebās' implies you have added your own value, whereas 'copy' implies plagiarism.

While اقتباس کردن is the most precise term for artistic adaptation, there are several related words you should know to expand your vocabulary. Bardāsht kardan (to take/pick up) is a common alternative. It is slightly less formal and often used to mean 'to interpret' or 'to take a certain takeaway' from something. For example, 'bardāsht-e āzād' (free interpretation) is a term often seen in theater programs. While 'eqtebās' focuses on the act of taking from a source, 'bardāsht' focuses on the perspective or the result of that taking.

Eqtebās vs. Bardāsht
Eqtebās is more formal and technical (used in credits). Bardāsht is more about the 'take' or 'version' of an idea.

این نمایش یک برداشت آزاد از نمایشنامه شکسپیر است.

Translation: This performance is a free interpretation/adaptation of Shakespeare's play.

Another related term is elham gereftan (to take inspiration). This is much broader than eqtebās kardan. If you are 'inspired' by the moon to write a poem, you use 'elhām gereftan'. If you take the specific plot of a movie and rewrite it, you are 'eqtebās kardan'. 'Elhām' is about the spark of an idea; 'eqtebās' is about the structural borrowing of content. In academic writing, you might also see estefādeh kardan (to use), but this is very general and lacks the specific nuance of transforming a source material into a new medium.

او از طبیعت برای نقاشی‌هایش الهام می‌گیرد.

Translation: He takes inspiration from nature for his paintings.

For quoting someone directly, use naql-e qowl kardan (to quote). This is strictly for repeating words exactly as they were said. Eqtebās kardan can sometimes be used to mean 'quoting a passage' in very formal literature, but naql-e qowl is the standard term for speech. Finally, baz-nevisi kardan (to rewrite) is used when the focus is on the act of writing itself, often to simplify or modernize a text, without necessarily changing the medium. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the exact right word for the level of creativity and formality you wish to express.

Quick Comparison
1. Eqtebās: Structural adaptation (Book to Movie). 2. Elhām: Vague inspiration. 3. Naql-e Qowl: Direct quote. 4. Baz-nevisi: Modernizing a text.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The metaphor of 'taking fire' is central to the word. In ancient times, if your hearth went out, you would go to a neighbor to 'eqtebās' a coal. This beautifully evolved into the intellectual act of taking the 'light' of an idea to start your own creative project.

Guide de prononciation

UK /eɢteˈbɒːs kæɾˈdæn/
US /eɡteˈbɑːs kɑːrˈdæn/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of the non-verbal part 'eqtebās' (BĀS) and the last syllable of the auxiliary 'kardan' (DÄN).
Rime avec
سپاس (sepās) لباس (lebās) حواس (havās) اساس (asās) تماس (tamās) هراس (harās) قیاس (qiyās) حساس (hassās)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing 'q' as a simple 'k'. It should be deeper in the throat.
  • Shortening the long 'ā' in 'bās'.
  • Mixing up the 'e' and 'i' at the beginning (saying iqtebās instead of eqtebās).
  • Stress on the first syllable.
  • Not rolling the 'r' in 'kardan'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

Often found in complex sentences in arts sections.

Écriture 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb conjugation and prepositions.

Expression orale 3/5

Easy to say once learned, but pronunciation of 'q' can be tricky.

Écoute 4/5

Can be missed if the listener is not familiar with formal vocabulary.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

کتاب (Book) فیلم (Film) داستان (Story) ساختن (To make) از (From)

Apprends ensuite

تألیف (Composition) نقد (Criticism) فیلم‌نامه (Screenplay) وفاداری (Loyalty/Faithfulness) اصالت (Authenticity)

Avancé

بینامتنیت (Intertextuality) دگردیسی (Metamorphosis) هرمنوتیک (Hermeneutics) قرائت (Reading/Interpretation) شالوده‌شکنی (Deconstruction)

Grammaire à connaître

Compound Verb Formation

Eqtebās (Noun) + Kardan (Verb) = To adapt.

Preposition 'Az' usage

Always use 'az' before the source: 'Az' dāstān eqtebās kard.

Passive Construction with 'Shodan'

Eqtebās shodeh ast (It has been adapted).

Ezafe for Noun Phrases

Eqtebās-e (ezafe) film (Film adaptation).

Adjective formation with '-i'

Eqtebās + i = Eqtebāsi (Adaptive/Adapted).

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Exemples par niveau

1

این فیلم از یک کتاب است.

This movie is from a book.

Simple 'az' (from) structure.

2

او یک داستان را گرفت و فیلم ساخت.

He took a story and made a movie.

Using 'gereftan' (to take) as a simple alternative.

3

نام کتاب روی فیلم هست.

The book's name is on the movie.

Focusing on the source.

4

آنها از قصه‌های قدیمی استفاده می‌کنند.

They use old stories.

Using 'estefādeh kardan' (to use).

5

این کارتون از یک رمان است.

This cartoon is from a novel.

A1 level identification of source.

6

کارگردان کتاب را دوست داشت.

The director liked the book.

Simple past tense.

7

داستان فیلم جدید نیست.

The movie's story is not new.

Negation.

8

من این کتاب را در سینما دیدم.

I saw this book in the cinema.

Prepositional phrase 'dar cinema'.

1

این فیلم از یک رمان مشهور اقتباس شده است.

This movie has been adapted from a famous novel.

Passive voice: 'eqtebās shodeh ast'.

2

آیا شما می‌خواهید از این داستان اقتباس کنید؟

Do you want to adapt from this story?

Question form with 'mikhāhid'.

3

او همیشه از زندگی واقعی اقتباس می‌کند.

He always adapts from real life.

Present habitual tense.

4

ما از این ایده برای پروژه خود اقتباس کردیم.

We adapted from this idea for our project.

Past tense 'kardim'.

5

این سریال تلویزیونی اقتباس خوبی نیست.

This TV series is not a good adaptation.

Noun usage: 'eqtebās-e khubi'.

6

آنها از نمایشنامه شکسپیر اقتباس کردند.

They adapted from Shakespeare's play.

Simple past with 'az'.

7

من دوست دارم از خاطراتم اقتباس کنم.

I like to adapt from my memories.

Infinitive construction.

8

نویسنده از افسانه‌های ایرانی اقتباس کرد.

The writer adapted from Iranian myths.

Subject-Object-Verb order.

1

بسیاری از فیلم‌های برنده اسکار از کتاب‌ها اقتباس شده‌اند.

Many Oscar-winning films have been adapted from books.

Plural passive: 'shodeh-and'.

2

او ترجیح می‌دهد مستقیماً از متن اصلی اقتباس کند.

He prefers to adapt directly from the original text.

Adverb 'mostaqiman' (directly).

3

این نمایشنامه از یک داستان کوتاه روسی اقتباس شده است.

This play has been adapted from a Russian short story.

Compound adjective 'dāstān-e kutāh'.

4

کارگردان سعی کرد با اقتباس از این رمان، پیام آن را منتقل کند.

The director tried to convey the novel's message by adapting it.

Gerund-like usage with 'bā' (by).

5

آیا این فیلم یک اقتباس وفادارانه است؟

Is this movie a faithful adaptation?

Adjective 'vafādārāneh'.

6

نویسنده از سبک قدیمی برای نوشتن کتاب جدیدش اقتباس کرد.

The writer adapted from an old style to write his new book.

Using 'eqtebās' for style.

7

ما نباید بدون اجازه از آثار دیگران اقتباس کنیم.

We should not adapt from others' works without permission.

Modal 'nabāyad' (should not).

8

این موسیقی از یک ترانه محلی اقتباس شده است.

This music has been adapted from a local song.

Usage in music.

1

فیلمساز با اقتباس آزاد از رمان، پایان داستان را تغییر داد.

The filmmaker changed the story's ending by freely adapting the novel.

Term 'eqtebās-e āzād' (free adaptation).

2

منتقدان معتقدند که این اثر یک اقتباس ضعیف از تاریخ است.

Critics believe this work is a weak adaptation of history.

Complex sentence with 'mo'taqedand ke'.

3

او در پایان‌نامه‌اش از نظریات جامعه‌شناسان بزرگ اقتباس کرده است.

In his thesis, he has adapted/borrowed from the theories of great sociologists.

Academic usage of 'eqtebās'.

4

حقوقدانان درباره قانونی بودن این اقتباس بحث می‌کنند.

Lawyers are debating the legality of this adaptation.

Continuous present 'bahs mikonand'.

5

این بازی ویدئویی با اقتباس از یک فیلم علمی-تخیلی ساخته شده است.

This video game was made by adapting from a sci-fi movie.

Modern media context.

6

او توانست به زیبایی از اشعار حافظ در ترانه‌اش اقتباس کند.

He was able to beautifully adapt from Hafez's poems in his song.

Adverb 'be zibāyi' (beautifully).

7

این پروژه معماری از طرح‌های سنتی ایرانی اقتباس کرده است.

This architectural project has adapted from traditional Iranian designs.

Usage in architecture.

8

بسیاری از قوانین جدید از الگوهای بین‌المللی اقتباس شده‌اند.

Many new laws have been adapted from international models.

Formal/Legal context.

1

در این پژوهش، چارچوب نظری از مدل‌های روان‌شناختی اقتباس شده است تا رفتار کاربران تحلیل شود.

In this research, the theoretical framework has been adapted from psychological models to analyze user behavior.

High-level academic structure.

2

نویسنده با ظرافت تمام، از اسطوره‌های کهن برای خلق شخصیتی مدرن اقتباس کرده است.

The writer has, with total delicacy, adapted from ancient myths to create a modern character.

Phrase 'bā zerāfat-e tamām'.

3

این اثر سینمایی نه یک کپی‌برداری، بلکه یک اقتباس هوشمندانه و خلاقانه است.

This cinematic work is not a mere copying, but an intelligent and creative adaptation.

Contrastive structure 'na ... balke'.

4

او در سخنرانی‌اش از مفاهیم فلسفی کانت اقتباس نمود تا دیدگاه خود را تبیین کند.

In his speech, he adapted from Kant's philosophical concepts to explain his viewpoint.

Formal verb 'eqtebās namud'.

5

چالش اصلی در اقتباس کردن از متون کلاسیک، حفظ لحن و فضای اصلی اثر است.

The main challenge in adapting from classical texts is preserving the original tone and atmosphere of the work.

Infinitive as a noun 'eqtebās kardan'.

6

نمایشنامه‌نویس با اقتباس از وقایع تاریخی، به نقد مسائل سیاسی معاصر پرداخت.

The playwright, by adapting from historical events, proceeded to criticize contemporary political issues.

Usage of 'be ... pardākht'.

7

این نرم‌افزار از الگوریتم‌های ژنتیک برای بهینه‌سازی فرآیندها اقتباس می‌کند.

This software adapts from genetic algorithms to optimize processes.

Scientific/Technical usage.

8

اقتباس‌های سینمایی اغلب با انتقاد طرفداران سرسخت کتاب‌ها مواجه می‌شوند.

Cinematic adaptations are often faced with criticism from die-hard fans of the books.

Passive construction 'movājeh shodan'.

1

تقلیل یک اثر ادبی پیچیده به یک اقتباس سینمایی سطحی، خیانتی به ساحت هنر محسوب می‌شود.

Reducing a complex literary work to a superficial cinematic adaptation is considered a betrayal of the realm of art.

Sophisticated vocabulary: 'taqlil', 'sāhat', 'mahsūb shodan'.

2

او در منظومه جدیدش، از ساختار روایی عطار اقتباس کرده و آن را با دغدغه‌های انسان معاصر درآمیخته است.

In his new poetic cycle, he has adapted from Attar's narrative structure and intertwined it with the concerns of contemporary man.

Complex verb 'darāmikhteh ast'.

3

هرگونه اقتباس از این متن بدون ذکر دقیق منبع، مصداق بارز سرقت ادبی خواهد بود.

Any adaptation of this text without precise citation of the source will be a clear instance of plagiarism.

Legal/Academic warning style.

4

اقتباس فرهنگی فرآیندی دوسویه است که در آن، هر دو فرهنگ مبدأ و مقصد دچار دگردیسی می‌شوند.

Cultural adaptation is a two-way process in which both the source and destination cultures undergo metamorphosis.

Abstract philosophical definition.

5

این فیلمساز برجسته، با اقتباسی ساختارشکنانه از متون مذهبی، قرائتی نو از ایمان ارائه داد.

This prominent filmmaker, with a deconstructive adaptation of religious texts, presented a new reading of faith.

Adjective 'sākhtār-shekanāneh' (deconstructive).

6

بررسی تطبیقی اقتباس‌های مختلف از یک اثر واحد، می‌تواند تحولات گفتمانی جامعه را آشکار سازد.

A comparative study of various adaptations of a single work can reveal the discursive shifts of society.

Academic terms: 'tatbiqi', 'goftemāni'.

7

او با اقتباس از فرم‌های مینیاتور ایرانی، زبانی بصری برای بیان اضطراب‌های مدرن خلق کرده است.

By adapting from Iranian miniature forms, he has created a visual language to express modern anxieties.

Art criticism context.

8

مسئله اصالت در هنر، با رواج اقتباس‌های دیجیتال، ابعاد پیچیده‌تری به خود گرفته است.

The issue of authenticity in art, with the prevalence of digital adaptations, has taken on more complex dimensions.

Abstract noun 'esālat' (authenticity).

Collocations courantes

اقتباس سینمایی
اقتباس آزاد
اقتباس وفادارانه
اقتباس از متن
اقتباس ادبی
اقتباس کردن از
اقتباس مستقیم
اقتباس تئاتری
حق اقتباس
اقتباس فرهنگی

Phrases Courantes

بر اساس ... اقتباس شده

— Adapted based on... This is the standard way to credit a source.

این فیلم بر اساس رمان بوف کور اقتباس شده است.

منبع اقتباس

— The source of the adaptation. Refers to the original book or story.

منبع اقتباس این فیلم هنوز مشخص نیست.

قابلیت اقتباس

— Adaptability. The quality of a book that makes it easy to turn into a movie.

این رمان قابلیت اقتباس بالایی دارد.

اقتباس تلویزیونی

— TV adaptation. Specifically for series or TV movies.

اقتباس تلویزیونی این داستان بسیار طولانی بود.

اقتباس مدرن

— Modern adaptation. Taking an old story and setting it in the present.

او یک اقتباس مدرن از هملت ساخت.

اقتباس موزیکال

— Musical adaptation. Turning a story into a musical play or film.

اقتباس موزیکال بینوایان در لندن اجرا شد.

اقتباس تصویری

— Visual adaptation. Turning text into visual media.

اقتباس تصویری از اشعار حافظ دشوار است.

اقتباس غیررسمی

— Unofficial adaptation. Done without proper legal permissions.

این فیلم یک اقتباس غیررسمی از آن رمان است.

اقتباس موفق

— Successful adaptation. One that is well-received by critics and audiences.

فروشنده یک اقتباس موفق از نمایشنامه مرگ فروشنده است.

اقتباس از واقعیت

— Adapted from reality. Based on a true story.

بسیاری از فیلم‌های مستند از واقعیت اقتباس می‌کنند.

Souvent confondu avec

اقتباس کردن vs تقلید کردن

Taqlid is mimicking behavior; Eqtebās is transforming a source work.

اقتباس کردن vs کپی کردن

Copy is exact duplication; Eqtebās involves creative change.

اقتباس کردن vs ترجمه کردن

Tarjomeh is literal language translation; Eqtebās is medium/structural adaptation.

Expressions idiomatiques

"اقتباس کردن از نور کسی"

— Literally 'to adapt from someone's light'. It means to follow someone's guidance or be inspired by their greatness.

شاگردان از نور استاد اقتباس کردند.

Poetic/Old
"آتش از کسی اقتباس کردن"

— To take a spark of fire from someone. This is the literal root, used metaphorically for learning.

او آتش دانش را از پدرش اقتباس کرد.

Literary
"اقتباس به معنی اخص"

— Adaptation in the strict sense. Used in academic debates to specify technical adaptation.

این کار اقتباس به معنی اخص نیست.

Academic
"به عاریت گرفتن"

— To borrow (often used as a synonym for taking an idea).

او این ایده را به عاریت گرفته است.

Formal
"در بوته اقتباس"

— In the crucible of adaptation. Refers to the difficult process of changing a work.

داستان در بوته اقتباس تغییرات زیادی کرد.

Literary
"اقتباس نعل به نعل"

— A word-for-word or extremely faithful adaptation (literally 'horseshoe to horseshoe').

او فیلم را نعل به نعل از کتاب اقتباس کرد.

Formal/Idiomatic
"برداشت به رای"

— Interpreting based on one's own opinion (often used negatively in religious contexts).

او از متون مذهبی برداشت به رای کرد.

Religious/Formal
"اقتباس از فرهنگ بیگانه"

— Adapting from a foreign culture. Often used in socio-political critiques.

ما نباید کورکورانه از فرهنگ بیگانه اقتباس کنیم.

Critical
"رنگ اقتباس به خود گرفتن"

— To take on the color of adaptation. When something clearly shows its source.

نوشته‌های او رنگ اقتباس به خود گرفته است.

Literary
"اقتباس از سفره دیگران"

— Literally 'adapting from others' table'. Metaphor for using others' resources or ideas.

او همیشه از سفره فکری دیگران اقتباس می‌کند.

Informal/Metaphorical

Facile à confondre

اقتباس کردن vs سازگار شدن

Both translate to 'adapt' in English.

Sāzegār is for physical or personal adjustment (e.g., to weather). Eqtebās is for artistic works.

من به هوای سرد سازگار شدم (نه اقتباس!).

اقتباس کردن vs عادت کردن

English 'adapt' can mean 'get used to'.

Ādat is for habits and psychological adjustment. Eqtebās is for creative borrowing.

من به خانه جدید عادت کردم.

اقتباس کردن vs برداشت

Both mean taking something from a source.

Bardāsht is more about the 'result' or 'interpretation'. Eqtebās is the 'process'.

برداشت او از فیلم اشتباه بود.

اقتباس کردن vs الهام

Both involve using an existing idea.

Elhām is vague and psychological. Eqtebās is structural and specific.

او از دریا الهام گرفت.

اقتباس کردن vs اقتباس (Noun) vs. مقتبس (Agent)

Similar roots.

Eqtebās is the act; Moqtebes is the person doing it.

مقتبس این فیلم بسیار باهوش است.

Structures de phrases

A2

این فیلم از [اسم] اقتباس شده است.

این فیلم از یک کتاب اقتباس شده است.

B1

[نویسنده] از [منبع] برای نوشتن اقتباس کرد.

علی از خاطراتش برای نوشتن اقتباس کرد.

B2

آیا این یک اقتباس [صفت] از اثر است؟

آیا این یک اقتباس وفادارانه از اثر است؟

C1

با اقتباس از [مفهوم]، می‌توان [نتیجه] را به دست آورد.

با اقتباس از این مدل، می‌توان رفتار را تحلیل کرد.

C2

هرگونه اقتباسِ [صفت] بدونِ [شرط]، منجر به [نتیجه] می‌شود.

هرگونه اقتباس غیرمجاز بدون ذکر منبع، منجر به جریمه می‌شود.

B2

او حق اقتباس [اثر] را خریداری کرد.

او حق اقتباس رمان را خریداری کرد.

B1

من ترجیح می‌دهم از [منبع] اقتباس نکنم.

من ترجیح می‌دهم از داستان‌های تکراری اقتباس نکنم.

C1

این اثر، اقتباسی است از [منبع] که در سال [تاریخ] منتشر شد.

این اثر، اقتباسی است از شاهنامه که در سال گذشته منتشر شد.

Famille de mots

Noms

اقتباس (eqtebās) - Adaptation
مقتبس (moqtebes) - Adapter/One who adapts
اقتباس‌کننده (eqtebās-konandeh) - Adapter (modern)

Verbes

اقتباس کردن (eqtebās kardan) - To adapt (active)
اقتباس شدن (eqtebās shodan) - To be adapted (passive)
اقتباس نمودن (eqtebās nemudan) - To adapt (very formal)

Adjectifs

اقتباسی (eqtebāsi) - Adaptive/Related to adaptation
اقتباس‌شده (eqtebās-shodeh) - Adapted

Apparenté

منبع (manba') - Source
اصل (asl) - Original
وفادار (vafādār) - Faithful
آزاد (āzād) - Free
تغییر (taghyir) - Change
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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in media, arts, and academic circles; rare in daily grocery-store talk.

Erreurs courantes
  • من به کلاس جدید اقتباس کردم. → من به کلاس جدید عادت کردم.

    You cannot 'adapt' (eqtebās) to a person or place; it's only for intellectual/artistic works.

  • او فیلم را در کتاب اقتباس کرد. → او فیلم را از کتاب اقتباس کرد.

    The preposition must be 'az' (from), not 'dar' (in).

  • این یک کپی خوب از رمان است. → این یک اقتباس خوب از رمان است.

    In an artistic context, calling something a 'copy' is insulting. 'Eqtebās' is the respectful term.

  • او داستان را اقتباسید. → او داستان را اقتباس کرد.

    Eqtebās kardan is a compound verb. You cannot conjugate the noun part.

  • اقتباس کردن از هوا. → سازگار شدن با هوا.

    Biological adaptation uses 'sāzegār shodan'.

Astuces

Use 'Az'

Always remember that the source of your adaptation must follow the preposition 'az'. It's the most important grammatical rule for this verb.

Be Precise

Don't use 'eqtebās' for getting used to a new job. Use 'ādat kardan' for that. Keep 'eqtebās' for your artistic and intellectual discussions.

Learn the Noun

The noun 'eqtebās' is just as common as the verb. Phrases like 'in eqtebās-e zibā' (this beautiful adaptation) are very useful.

Iranian Cinema

If you want to impress an Iranian friend, talk about 'eqtebās-hāye Mehrjui' (Mehrjui's adaptations). It shows you know their cultural history.

Copyright

In professional settings, 'eqtebās' implies you have the rights. If you don't, people might use harsher words like 'gharb-zadegi' or 'sertqat'.

Combine with Adverbs

Words like 'mostaqim' (direct) or 'ghayre-mostaqim' (indirect) work perfectly with this verb.

Intro Credits

Watch the beginning of Iranian movies. You will often see 'Eqtebās az...' followed by a name. It's a great way to practice reading it.

Thesis Tip

If you are writing a paper, use 'eqtebās' to describe how you used a previous scholar's framework.

The Spark

Remember the Arabic root: Taking a spark. You are taking a spark from an old book to light your new movie.

Don't Overuse

It's a heavy word. Don't use it for simple things like 'I adapted my recipe'. Just say 'taghyir dādam' (I changed).

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a director taking a glowing coal (Eqtebās) from a big book (the fire) to light his movie camera. The 'Q' in Eqtebās is like the 'Q' in 'Quote' or 'Quality source'.

Association visuelle

Picture a movie screen that is actually made of the pages of a giant book. As the pages turn, the movie plays. This is the essence of eqtebās.

Word Web

Cinema Literature Source (Manba') Original (Asl) Script (Film-nāmeh) Director (Kārgardān) Faithful (Vafādār) Transformation

Défi

Try to find three Persian movies on IMDb or YouTube and see if they are an 'eqtebās' of a book. Write down: 'In film az [book name] eqtebās shodeh ast'.

Origine du mot

The word 'اقتباس' (eqtebās) is an Arabic verbal noun (Masdar) from the VIII form of the root Q-B-S (ق ب س). In Arabic, 'qabasa' means to take a light or a spark from a fire.

Sens originel : To take a spark of fire from another's flame to start one's own.

Semitic (Arabic root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

Contexte culturel

Always credit the source when using 'eqtebās' in Iran; failing to do so is seen as a lack of professional ethics (akhlaq-e herfe'i).

In English, 'adaptation' can be biological, but in Persian, 'eqtebās' is strictly intellectual/artistic. Don't use it for 'adapting to a new country'.

The film 'The Salesman' (Foroushandeh) by Asghar Farhadi, which adapts themes from Arthur Miller's 'Death of a Salesman'. The movie 'The Cow' (Gāv), adapted from Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's stories. The TV series 'Shahrazad', which adapts historical and romantic themes.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Film Industry

  • بهترین فیلم‌نامه اقتباسی
  • اقتباس از رمان
  • کارگردان مقتبس
  • حقوق اقتباس سینمایی

Literature Class

  • اقتباس از شاهنامه
  • تحلیل اقتباس
  • تفاوت کتاب و اقتباس
  • متن منبع

Academic Research

  • اقتباس از نظریه
  • مدل اقتباسی
  • اقتباس روش‌شناختی
  • ذکر منبع اقتباس

Theater

  • اقتباس برای صحنه
  • نمایشنامه اقتباسی
  • برداشت آزاد تئاتری
  • اجرای اقتباسی

Music

  • اقتباس از ملودی
  • تنظیم اقتباسی
  • اقتباس از موسیقی نواحی
  • واریاسیون اقتباسی

Amorces de conversation

"به نظر شما کدام فیلم بهترین اقتباس از یک کتاب است؟"

"آیا ترجیح می‌دهید اول کتاب را بخوانید یا اقتباس سینمایی آن را ببینید؟"

"چرا بعضی از نویسندگان اجازه اقتباس از آثارشان را نمی‌دهند؟"

"یک اقتباس وفادارانه بهتر است یا یک اقتباس آزاد؟"

"اگر بخواهید از زندگی خودتان فیلم بسازید، از کدام بخش آن اقتباس می‌کنید؟"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره فیلمی بنویسید که از کتاب محبوب شما اقتباس شده است. آیا فیلم بهتر بود یا کتاب؟

تصور کنید می‌خواهید یک داستان قدیمی ایرانی را برای دنیای مدرن اقتباس کنید. چه تغییراتی در آن می‌دهید؟

اهمیت رعایت حقوق نویسنده اصلی در هنگام اقتباس کردن چیست؟

چگونه یک اقتباس خوب می‌تواند باعث شود مردم به خواندن کتاب اصلی علاقه‌مند شوند؟

آیا تا به حال سعی کرده‌اید از ایده شخص دیگری برای انجام کاری اقتباس کنید؟ تجربه خود را بنویسید.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

بله، اگر یک نقاش از روی یک عکس، تابلویی بکشد، می‌توان گفت که از آن عکس اقتباس کرده است. این کار در هنرهای تجسمی بسیار رایج است.

اقتباس وفادارانه سعی می‌کند تا حد ممکن به جزئیات و روح اثر اصلی پایبند بماند، اما در اقتباس آزاد، هنرمند تغییرات زیادی در داستان، شخصیت‌ها یا محیط ایجاد می‌کند.

اگر حقوق مادی و معنوی نویسنده اصلی رعایت شود و اجازه گرفته شود، قانونی است. در غیر این صورت می‌تواند سرقت ادبی محسوب شود.

کلمه 'اقتباس' یک کلمه بسیار ریشه‌دار و غنی در زبان فارسی است که تمام بارهای معنایی لازم را دارد. کلمات بیگانه معمولاً در محیط‌های غیررسمی استفاده می‌شوند.

خیر، این کلمه برای تئاتر، موسیقی، معماری، حقوق و حتی نظریات علمی نیز به کار می‌رود.

می‌توانید در بخش تحلیل متون ادبی یا هنری، برای توصیف رابطه بین یک اثر و منبع آن از این کلمه استفاده کنید تا سطح بالای دایره واژگان خود را نشان دهید.

بله، اقتباس نیازمند خلاقیت و تغییر فرم است، در حالی که کپی‌برداری صرفاً تکرار بدون تغییر اثر دیگری است.

مقتبس کسی است که اثر را تغییر می‌دهد. او می‌تواند نویسنده فیلم‌نامه باشد، اما نویسنده اصلی اثر شخص دیگری است.

در گذشته برای نقل قول از متون مذهبی به کار می‌رفت، اما امروزه یک کلمه کاملاً عمومی در حوزه فرهنگ و هنر است.

فقط در نوشته‌های بسیار رسمی، مقالات دانشگاهی یا سخنرانی‌های مهم دولتی.

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Teste-toi 192 questions

writing

Write a sentence about your favorite movie adaptation using 'اقتباس کردن'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Explain the difference between 'taqlid' and 'eqtebās' in two sentences.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Write a formal credit line for a movie based on a book by Sadegh Hedayat.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Ask a director if their movie is a faithful adaptation.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Use 'eqtebās nemudan' in an academic sentence about a theory.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Write a sentence using 'eqtebās-e āzād'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Write a sentence about adapting a song from folk music.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Describe a 'moqtebes' (adapter) in one sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Use 'حق اقتباس' in a sentence about a contract.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Write a sentence about the difficulty of adaptation.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Translate: 'He adapted the play for the modern stage.'

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writing

Translate: 'The source of adaptation is unknown.'

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writing

Use the word 'اقتباسی' in a sentence.

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writing

Write a sentence about biological adaptation (using the correct word, NOT eqtebās).

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writing

Write a sentence using 'eqtebās-e vafādārāneh'.

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writing

Ask someone if they like movie adaptations.

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writing

Use 'eqtebās' in the future tense.

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writing

Use 'eqtebās' in the present continuous tense.

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writing

Write a sentence about 'cultural adaptation'.

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writing

Use 'eqtebās' to describe a scientific framework borrowing.

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speaking

Pronounce 'اقتباس کردن' correctly.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'This movie is adapted from a book.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain 'Eqtebās-e Āzād' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Tell a friend about a movie adaptation you liked.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Discuss the ethics of adaptation in 3 sentences.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'eqtebās' in a question about a TV series.

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speaking

Talk about Hafez and adaptation.

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speaking

Say: 'He adapted the novel into a screenplay.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain the difference between 'eqtebās' and 'tarjomeh'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'eqtebās' to describe an architectural style.

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speaking

Say: 'The director bought the adaptation rights.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Talk about a 'faithful adaptation' you know.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain the Arabic root of the word 'eqtebās'.

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speaking

Use the word 'moqtebes' in a sentence.

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speaking

Say: 'We should not adapt without permission.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Ask: 'Was this script adapted from a play?'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe a 'weak adaptation'.

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speaking

Use 'eqtebās' in a historical context.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'This is a modern adaptation of Romeo and Juliet.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain why 'eqtebās' is better than 'copy'.

Read this aloud:

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listening

Identify the word: 'Eqtebās'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen to: 'In film az ketāb eqtebās shodeh'. What is the source?

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Is the following positive or negative? 'In yek eqtebās-e eftezāh ast.' (Eftezāh = Terrible)

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Who did the adaptation? 'Kārgardān az romān eqtebās kard.'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What medium was mentioned? 'Eqtebās-e tātari'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

True or False: The speaker said 'eqtebās shodan'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What is being discussed? 'Haq-e eqtebās'.

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listening

Is it faithful? 'Eqtebās-e vafādārāneh'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What was adapted? 'Eqtebās az dāstān-e vāqe'i'.

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listening

Identify the formal verb: 'Eqtebās namudand'.

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listening

What is the noun form heard? 'Eqtebās'.

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listening

What is the source? 'Eqtebās az Shāhnāmeh'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Is it a 'free' adaptation? 'Eqtebās-e āzād'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What kind of script? 'Film-nāmeh-ye eqtebāsi'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What is the person called? 'Moqtebes'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :

/ 192 correct

Perfect score!

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