A2 · Élémentaire
Chapitre 5
Desires, Intentions, and Mannerisms
6
Règles totales
65
exemples
5
min
Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of expressing your deepest desires, future plans, and unique personal mannerisms in natural Japanese.
- Describe exactly what you want to possess or do.
- State your future intentions and tentative plans clearly.
- Transform adjectives into adverbs to describe your actions precisely.
Speak your mind and move with style.
Ce que tu vas apprendre
Alright, you've nailed the basics, awesome job! Now it's time to level up your Japanese and express yourself with more nuance, just like a native speaker. In this chapter, you'll learn how to say *you want something specific* (like that delicious sushi!), or *what you personally want to do* (maybe
I want to go to Tokyo). Even cooler, you'll pick up how to tell *what someone else wants to do* just by observing their behavior – no mind-reading required, just keen observation! Then, we'll dive into making plans for the future! You'll learn how to confidently state *your firm intentions* (like
I plan to visit Japan next summer) and also how to talk about *ideas you're just considering* (like "I'm thinking of joining a gym"). And to top it all off, you'll learn to add style to your sentences! You'll discover how to turn adjectives into adverbs, so you can describe *how you perform an action* – for example,
I write quickly or She speaks beautifully. Imagine chatting with friends, wanting something at a store, planning your next adventure, or complimenting someone on how well they do something... it's all in this chapter! So get ready to learn tons of practical new skills that will make your Japanese conversations much smoother and more engaging.
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Exprimer le désir pour des objets : Vouloir quelque chose (～ほしい)Utilise la structure
[Objet] ga hoshiipour dire que tu as envie de quelque chose de précis avec les badgesgaethoshii. -
Exprimer le Désir : "Je veux..." (～tai)Enlève le
masu, ajoutetaipour dire ce que TU veux faire. C'est comme unadjectifqui exprime uneenvie. -
Exprimer le désir des autres (～tagaru)Utilise «～たがる» (tagaru) pour décrire ce que les autres semblent vouloir en observant leur comportement :
observation,comportement,troisième personne. -
Intention future : Je compte... (つもり / Volitif + と思う)Utilise «つもり» pour tes décisions déjà prises et
Volontif + と思っているpour les idées que tu as en tête mais qui ne sont pas encore gravées dans le marbre. -
Adverbes des adjectifs en -i (forme ～く)C'est magique : remplace le «い» final de tes adjectifs par «く» pour décrire une action ou un changement avec des badges comme «～く»,
actionetchangement. -
Adverbes des adjectifs en Na : Faire les choses « -ment » (～に)Transforme n'importe quel adjectif en
naen adverbe en remplaçantnapar «に». C'est l'outil idéal pour décrire tes actions avec précision, comme «静かに» (calmement) ou «上手に» (habilement).
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Express personal desires and future intentions while describing actions using adverbs.
Guide du chapitre
Overview
Welcome to your next exciting step in Japanese grammar A2! You've mastered the foundational elements, and now it's time to add depth and personality to your conversations. This chapter is designed to help you express yourself with the nuance of a native speaker, covering everything from your deepest desires to your firmest intentions and even how you perform actions.
Mastering these structures will significantly boost your confidence and fluency. You'll learn to articulate what you want, what you plan to do, and even infer what others might want, making your interactions much richer. This is crucial for real-world communication, whether you're ordering food, making travel plans, or simply describing a scene.
Get ready to unlock new levels of expression in your Japanese language learning journey!
How This Grammar Works
This chapter introduces six powerful Japanese grammar patterns that enable you to express desires, intentions, and mannerisms.
First, to express a desire for an object, you use ～ほしい (hoshii). It attaches directly to a noun. For example, 「新しいパソコンがほしいです。」 (I want a new computer.)
When you want to express *your own* desire to perform an action, you use the ～たい (tai) form. This attaches to the stem of a verb. For instance, 「日本へ行きたいです。」 (I want to go to Japan.)
To express what *someone else* wants to do, based on observation, you use ～たがる (tagaru). This also attaches to the verb stem, but implies you're inferring their desire. For example, 「彼はラーメンを食べたがっています。」 (He seems to want to eat ramen.)
For future intentions, you have two key forms: ～つもり (tsumori) and Volitional + と思う (to omou). ～つもり expresses a firm plan: 「来年、留学するつもりです。」 (I plan to study abroad next year.) Volitional + と思う expresses a softer, more reflective intention, often like "I think I'll do X": 「週末は家で休もうと思います。」 (I think I'll rest at home on the weekend.)
Finally, you’ll learn to turn adjectives into adverbs to describe *how* an action is performed. For I-adjectives, you drop the final い (i) and add く (ku). For example, 速い (hayai) (fast) becomes 早く (hayaku) (quickly): 「彼は早く走ります。」 (He runs quickly.) For Na-adjectives, you simply add に (ni).
For instance, きれい (kirei) (beautiful) becomes きれいに (kirei ni) (beautifully/neatly): 「彼女はきれいに書きます。」 (She writes beautifully.) These forms are essential for adding detail and flair to your A2 Japanese sentences.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 「水を飲みたいです。」 (I want to drink water.)
✓ Correct: 「水がほしいです。」 (I want water.) / 「水を飲みたいです。」 (I want to drink water.)
*Explanation:* 「～ほしい」 is for wanting objects. 「～たい」 is for wanting to *do* an action. While 「水を飲みたいです」 is correct for
I want to drink water,if you simply want
water (the object), you'd use 「水がほしいです。」 Don't use 「～たい」 with just a noun.- 1✗ Wrong: 「彼は日本へ行きたいです。」 (He wants to go to Japan.)
✓ Correct: 「彼は日本へ行きたがっています。」 (He seems to want to go to Japan.)
*Explanation:* You can only use 「～たい」 to express *your own* desires. When talking about someone else's desires, you must use 「～たがる」, which implies you're observing their actions or expressions to infer their desire.
- 1✗ Wrong: 「ゆっくりに話します。」 (I speak slowly.)
✓ Correct: 「ゆっくり話します。」 (I speak slowly.)
*Explanation:* 「ゆっくり」 (slowly) is an adverb already. Not all descriptive words are adjectives that need conversion. For I-adjectives, it's ～く (e.g., 早く from 速い). For Na-adjectives, it's ～に (e.g., きれいに from きれい). Be careful not to add に to words that are already adverbs or I-adjectives.
Real Conversations
A
A
日本語をもっと勉強したいです。 (I want to study more Japanese.)
B
B
いいですね！来年、日本へ行くつもりですか？ (That's great! Do you plan to go to Japan next year?)
A
A
鈴木さんは新しいカメラがほしいと言っていましたよ。 (Suzuki-san said he wants a new camera.)
B
B
ああ、最近、いつもカメラのカタログを見ていますね。写真を撮りたがっていますよ。 (Ah, he's always looking at camera catalogs lately, isn't he? He seems to want to take photos.)
A
A
この漢字、もっときれいに書きたいです。 (I want to write this kanji more beautifully.)
B
B
大丈夫ですよ。ゆっくり練習すれば、すぐに上手になります。 (It's okay. If you practice slowly, you'll get good quickly.)
Quick FAQ
Q
Can I use ～たい to express a desire for an object?
No, ～たい is specifically for expressing your desire to *do* an action. For objects, use ～ほしい (hoshii).
Q
What's the main difference between ～つもり and Volitional + と思う?
～つもり expresses a firm, decided intention or plan. Volitional + と思う is softer, indicating a thought or a less concrete intention, often like "I think I'll do X."
Q
Is it rude to use ～たがる?
Not necessarily rude, but it implies you are observing someone's desire rather than knowing it directly. It's often used when talking *about* someone who isn't present, or when their desire is very obvious. Avoid using it directly to someone's face unless you're very confident in your observation.
Q
How do I form adverbs from adjectives like 簡単 (kantan) (easy)?
簡単 is a Na-adjective. To form an adverb, you simply add に (ni), so it becomes 簡単に (kantan ni) (easily). For example, 「簡単にできます。」 (I can do it easily.)
Cultural Context
In Japanese communication, expressing desires and intentions often involves a degree of politeness and indirectness. While ～たい is direct for your own desires, using ～たがる for others reflects the observational nature of Japanese social interaction – you infer rather than assume. Similarly, Volitional + と思う offers a softer way to state intentions, leaving room for flexibility, which can be seen as more polite than a rigid ～つもり.
Mastering these subtle distinctions helps you navigate social situations more smoothly, aligning with the cultural emphasis on harmony and consideration.
Exemples clés (8)
1
At a phone store, talking to a clerk.
Je veux un nouveau téléphone.
Exprimer le désir pour des objets : Vouloir quelque chose (～ほしい)
2
Looking at a cool gadget on Amazon.
Je veux trop ça !
Exprimer le désir pour des objets : Vouloir quelque chose (～ほしい)
3
4
Kyou wa nani mo shitakunai.
Je ne veux rien faire aujourd'hui.
Exprimer le Désir : "Je veux..." (～tai)
5
Kodomotachi wa soto de asobitagatte iru.
Les enfants meurent d'envie d'aller jouer dehors.
Exprimer le désir des autres (～tagaru)
6
Kare wa sono hanashi o kikitagaranai.
Il ne montre aucun intérêt pour cette histoire.
Exprimer le désir des autres (～tagaru)
7
8
Conseils et astuces (4)
🎯
Le secret de la particule 'Ga'
Imagine que 'ga' est un doigt qui pointe l'objet. Comme 'hoshii' décrit ton état, l'objet pointé est ce qui déclenche cette envie : «水がほしい。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer le désir pour des objets : Vouloir quelque chose (～ほしい)
🎯
L'astuce de l'adjectif
Comme les mots en 'tai' sont techniquement des adjectifs, tu peux décrire un objet avec ! «買いたいもの» signifie 'la chose que je veux acheter'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer le Désir : "Je veux..." (～tai)
⚠️
La zone impolie
N'utilise jamais tagaru pour tes supérieurs (profs, patrons). Ça donne l'impression que tu les analyses comme des animaux : «{先生|せんせい}が{話|はな}したがっている。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer le désir des autres (～tagaru)
🎯
Sois plus diplomate
Même si t'es sûr de toi, utiliser «~ようと思っています» sonne plus humble et moins brusque que d'affirmer «~つもりです» dans une discussion banale.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Intention future : Je compte... (つもり / Volitif + と思う)
Vocabulaire clé (5)
欲しい (ほしい)
want
食べる (たべる)
to eat
行く (いく)
to go
速い (はやい)
fast
静か (しずか)
quiet
Real-World Preview
map
Planning a Weekend
Review Summary
- [Noun] + がほしい
- [Verb stem] + たい
- [Verb stem] + たがる
- [Verb] + つもり
- [i-adj] -> [stem] + く
- [na-adj] + に
Erreurs courantes
With 'hoshii', you must use the particle 'ga' because it is an adjective, not a verb.
Wrong:
寿司(すし)をほしいです。
Correct:
寿司(すし)がほしいです。
～たい is for your own desires. When talking about others, you must use ～たがる.
Wrong:
彼(かれ)は行きたいです。
Correct:
彼(かれ)は行きたがっています。
To modify a verb, you must change the i-adjective to its 'ku' form.
Wrong:
速(はや)い話(はな)します。
Correct:
速(はや)く話(はな)します。
Règles dans ce chapitre (6)
Next Steps
You are doing amazing! Your ability to express nuance is growing every single day. Keep practicing!
Write a diary entry for tomorrow using future tense plans.
Pratique rapide (3)
Quelle phrase est appropriée pour parler de ton patron ?
Choisis la bonne option :
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {社長|しゃちょう}は{寿司|すし}を{召|め}し{上|あ}がりたいそうです。
Utiliser
～たがっている pour un supérieur est impoli. La deuxième option utilise le langage respectueux (keigo).frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer le désir des autres (～tagaru)
Trouve l'erreur de particule.
{猫|ねこ}が{水|みず}**が**{飲|の}みたがっている。
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Change **が** en **を**
Alors que
～たい utilise souvent が, ～たがる fonctionne comme un verbe transitif et demande を.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer le désir des autres (～tagaru)
Complète la phrase pour décrire l'envie de cette personne.
{彼|かれ}は日本に___がっている。(Il veut y aller)
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {行|い}き
Pour former tagaru, on prend la base en -masu ({行|い}き) + たがる.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer le désir des autres (～tagaru)
Score: /3
Questions fréquentes (6)
Non, cela demande la forme 'te + hoshii'. Cette leçon se concentre sur les objets physiques : «カメラがほしい。»
En japonais, les sentiments sont souvent des adjectifs. 'Hoshii' décrit l'état d'un objet étant 'voulu' : «本がほしい。»
En général, non. Tu ne peux pas ressentir ses émotions. Utilise «～たがっている» pour dire qu'il a l'air de vouloir.
Traditionnellement, «が» marque l'objet du désir. Mais aujourd'hui, «を» est très courant, surtout si tu insistes sur l'action : «水を飲みたい».
En général, non. Dire '{私|わたし}は{行|い}きたがる' donnerait l'impression que tu t'observes toi-même de l'extérieur. Utilise '～たい' pour toi.
C'est une question de perspective ! '～たい' est pour tes sentiments internes. '～たがる' est pour ce que tu observes chez les autres.
