Talking About Time and Sequences
Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the flow of time and sequence to tell engaging stories in Japanese.
- Label your weekly schedule using the elements.
- Anchor your daily activities with precise relative time markers.
- Connect multiple events into fluid, chronological narratives.
Ce que tu vas apprendre
Hey there, language explorer! Ready to take your Japanese conversations to the next level? You've already mastered expressing actions, and now it's time to put them in order. Think of this chapter as your personal time-travel guide!
We'll start by making sure you know your weekdays cold – from fiery Tuesdays to watery Wednesdays – using the fun Yōbi system. Then, you'll grab hold of crucial 'floating' time markers like 'today,' 'yesterday,' and 'tomorrow' (kyō, kinō, asu) that effortlessly anchor your conversations in the present without needing any tricky particles.
But here's where it gets really exciting: you'll learn how to perfectly sequence events. Want to say 'Before eating lunch, I studied'? We've got mae ni for that! Or perhaps, 'After watching the movie, I slept'? That's where ~ato de comes in. You'll quickly see how these simple structures let you link complex ideas. We'll then introduce Toki (when/time), a versatile connector that helps you specify if something happens *before/during* an action (with Dictionary Form) or *after* it (with Ta-form). And finally, you'll discover aida (~間), the perfect tool for describing actions that happen *while* or *during* an entire period, without interruption.
Imagine setting up a meeting with a Japanese colleague, or recounting your amazing travel itinerary: 'First we visited the temple, then we ate sushi.' Or simply telling a friend about your day, 'While I was cooking, I listened to music.' These are the skills that make your stories clear and your plans precise! By the end of this chapter, you won't just know words; you'll be able to effortlessly narrate sequences of events, plan your schedule, and describe durations like a pro. Get ready to add some serious temporal fluency to your Japanese toolkit. Let's dive in!
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Jours de la semaine en japonais : Les 7 éléments (Yōbi)Retiens les éléments naturels (Feu, Eau, Bois...) et ajoute
yōbipour nommer n'importe quel jour de la semaine. -
Le temps relatif en japonais : aujourd'hui, hier, demain (今日, 昨日, 明日)Les mots de temps relatif sont des marqueurs 'flottants' qui orientent la discussion sans avoir besoin de particules : «{今日|きょう}», «{昨日|きのう}», «{明日|あした}».
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Avant de faire X (Mae ni)Utilise toujours la forme dictionnaire du verbe juste avant «前に», même si tu parles au passé. Pour les noms, n'oublie pas le petit «の».
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Séquence Japonaise : « Après » avoir fait X (~ato de)Utilise toujours la forme en
-ta(passé) avant «後で», même pour parler du futur ! -
Utiliser Toki (Quand/Temps) pour Relier des PhrasesUtilise la forme dictionnaire pour le futur ou le présent, et la forme en
-tapour le passé. Retiens bien : «{時|とき}» pour le moment, «{いつ}» pour la question. -
Grammaire japonaise : Utiliser ~間 (aida) pour 'Pendant' et 'Tandis que'Utilise
間(aida) quand une action couvre toute la durée d'un moment précis, comme unbloc de tempsininterrompu.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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By the end you will be able to: Use relative time markers and sequence connectors to describe a daily routine.
Guide du chapitre
Overview
~間), the perfect tool for describing actions that happen *while* or *during* an entire period, without interruption. By the end of this chapter, you won't just know words; you'll be able to effortlessly narrate sequences of events, plan your schedule, and describe durations like a pro.How This Grammar Works
After doing X (~ato de). To say before doing X, attach mae ni (前に) to the dictionary form of a verb: Bangohan o taberu mae ni shukudai o shimashita (晩ご飯を食べる前に宿題をしました - Before eating dinner, I did my homework). For after doing X, attach ~ato de (~後で) to the ta-form of a verb: Eiga o mita ato de, neru (映画を見た後で、寝る - After watching the movie, I'll sleep).Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 今日にデパートへ行きます。(Kyō ni depāto e ikimasu.)
on/at this day.
- 1✗ Wrong: 映画を見ます後で、寝ます。(Eiga o mimasu ato de, nemasu.)
after doing X, the verb preceding it must be in its plain past (ta-form), not the polite present tense (masu-form).- 1✗ Wrong: 勉強する間、テレビを見ました。(Benkyō suru aida, terebi o mimashita.)
during the period of studying,while the correct one implies
while I was in the act of studying.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
How do I say before and after an action in Japanese?
For before doing X, use the dictionary form of the verb followed by mae ni (前に). For after doing X, use the ta-form of the verb followed by ~ato de (~後で).
What's the difference between toki and aida in Japanese grammar?
Toki (時) means when or
at the time ofand can refer to a specific point or period. Aida (間) specifically means
while or during and implies a continuous action or state throughout a period.
Do I need particles with today or tomorrow in Japanese?
No, typically not. Words like kyō (今日 - today), kinō (昨日 - yesterday), and asu (明日 - tomorrow) usually act as adverbs and do not require particles like ni (に) when indicating when something happens.
Can I use ~ato de with nouns?
Yes, you can! When using ~ato de (~後で) with a noun, you simply add no (の) between the noun and ato de. For example, shigoto no ato de (仕事の後で - after work).
Cultural Context
Exemples clés (6)
Nichiyōbi ni kaimono ni ikimasu.
Je vais faire les courses dimanche.
Jours de la semaine en japonais : Les 7 éléments (Yōbi)Kinyōbi wa saikō desu!
Le vendredi, c'est le top !
Jours de la semaine en japonais : Les 7 éléments (Yōbi)Neru mae ni, sumaho o juuden shimasu.
Avant de dormir, je charge mon smartphone.
Avant de faire X (Mae ni)Eiga o miru mae ni, poppukoon o kaimashita.
Avant de regarder le film, j'ai acheté du pop-corn.
Avant de faire X (Mae ni)Bangohan o tabeta ato de, geemu o shimashou.
Jouons aux jeux vidéo après avoir mangé le dîner.
Séquence Japonaise : « Après » avoir fait X (~ato de)Shigoto no ato de, nomi ni ikanai?
Tu veux aller boire un verre après le boulot ?
Séquence Japonaise : « Après » avoir fait X (~ato de)Conseils et astuces (4)
Abréviations du calendrier
Pas de particule 'Ni'
Le piège du passé
Le 'De' est facultatif
Gohan no ato sans le de. C'est plus naturel et rapide. «ご飯の後、コーヒーを飲む?»Vocabulaire clé (6)
Real-World Preview
Making Weekend Plans
Review Summary
- Day + 曜日(ようび)
- 今日/昨日/明日
- Verb (Dict) + 前(まえ)に
- Verb (Ta) + 後(あと)で
- Verb (Dict/Ta) + 時(とき)
- Verb (Dict) + 間(あいだ)
Erreurs courantes
You must use the dictionary form (present) for 'before' clauses, not the past tense.
You must use the Ta-form (past) for 'after' clauses because the action must be completed first.
Time words like 'tomorrow' do not take the particle 'ni' because they are relative, not fixed points.
Règles dans ce chapitre (6)
Next Steps
You've conquered the clock! Keep practicing these sequences, and you'll be telling stories in Japanese in no time.
Write a 5-sentence diary entry about yesterday.
Pratique rapide (10)
Choisis la bonne façon de dire 'Après la réunion'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Séquence Japonaise : « Après » avoir fait X (~ato de)
Find and fix the mistake:
{明後日|あさって}に、{日本|にっぽん}に{行きます|いきます}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Le temps relatif en japonais : aujourd'hui, hier, demain (今日, 昨日, 明日)
___、{友達|ともだち}と{遊びます|あそびます}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Le temps relatif en japonais : aujourd'hui, hier, demain (今日, 昨日, 明日)
Find and fix the mistake:
{出かけた|でかけた}前に、シャワーを浴びました。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Avant de faire X (Mae ni)
Aujourd'hui c'est lundi. Demain c'est ___ ({火曜日}).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Jours de la semaine en japonais : Les 7 éléments (Yōbi)
Find and fix the mistake:
{映画|えいが}を{見る|みる}{後で|あとで}、カフェに{行きましょう|いきましょう}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Séquence Japonaise : « Après » avoir fait X (~ato de)
Choisis la bonne phrase :
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Grammaire japonaise : Utiliser ~間 (aida) pour 'Pendant' et 'Tandis que'
Find and fix the mistake:
{母|はは}가{買|か}い{物|もの}している{間|あいだ}、{弟|おとうと}が{泣|な}いた。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Grammaire japonaise : Utiliser ~間 (aida) pour 'Pendant' et 'Tandis que'
{日本|にほん}に (いる) ______ 、ずっと{東京|とうきょう}に{住|す}んでいました。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Grammaire japonaise : Utiliser ~間 (aida) pour 'Pendant' et 'Tandis que'
Choisis la phrase grammaticalement correcte :
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Le temps relatif en japonais : aujourd'hui, hier, demain (今日, 昨日, 明日)
Score: /10
Questions fréquentes (6)
~uchi ni (pendant qu'il fait chaud). «前に» est pour les actions.