A2 Counters & Numbers 15 min read Facile

Jours de la semaine en japonais : Les 7 éléments (Yōbi)

Retiens les éléments naturels (Feu, Eau, Bois...) et ajoute yōbi pour nommer n'importe quel jour de la semaine.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Japanese days of the week end in {曜日|ようび} and are based on the five elements plus the sun and moon.

  • All days end with the suffix {曜日|ようび}.
  • The prefix corresponds to the Sun, Moon, or one of the five elements.
  • Use the particle {は|は} to mark the day as the topic of your sentence.
Element + {曜日|ようび} + {は|は} + [Event] + {です|です}

Overview

Avez-vous déjà regardé un calendrier japonais ou le programme de sortie de votre anime préféré en ayant l'impression de lire une liste d'ingrédients magiques ? Feu, Eau, Or, Terre ? C'est parce que les jours de la semaine en japonais portent littéralement le nom des cinq éléments (plus le Soleil et la Lune).
Contrairement au français, le japonais vous offre un système élémentaire cohérent. Une fois que vous connaissez le modèle, vous ne dites pas juste mardi — vous invoquez l'élément Feu.

How This Grammar Works

La structure est incroyablement simple : Élément + yōbi. Le suffixe 曜日(ようび) (yōbi) reste le même pour chaque jour. Votre seul travail est de mémoriser le premier Kanji (l'élément). Ces éléments proviennent de l'astronomie ancienne.

Formation Pattern

1
Voici la semaine complète, en commençant par dimanche :
2
Dimanche : 日曜日(にちようび) (Nichiyōbi) — Jour du Soleil.
3
Lundi : 月曜日(げつようび) (Getsuyōbi) — Jour de la Lune.
4
Mardi : 火曜日(かようび) (Kayōbi) — Jour du Feu.
5
Mercredi : 水曜日(すいようび) (Suiyōbi) — Jour de l'Eau.
6
Jeudi : 木曜日(もくようび) (Mokuyōbi) — Jour du Bois/Arbre.
7
Vendredi : 金曜日(きんようび) (Kinyōbi) — Jour de l'Or/Métal.
8
Samedi : 土曜日(どようび) (Doyōbi) — Jour de la Terre.

When To Use It

Vous utilisez ces mots exactement comme en français, mais attention aux particules.
  • Moments précis : Quand vous faites quelque chose un jour précis, vous utilisez généralement la particule (ni).
  • Temps relatif : Vous n'utilisez pas ni pour des termes comme "aujourd'hui
    (今日(きょう)) ou
    demain".

Common Mistakes

  • Mélanger les Éléments : Mardi ((ka), Feu) et Jeudi ((moku), Bois) sont souvent confondus.
  • Confondre les mots pour Jour : Ne confondez pas {何曜日} (quel jour de la semaine) avec {何日} (quelle date).

Contrast With Similar Patterns

  • 曜日(yōbi) vs (hi/bi) : Yōbi est exclusivement pour le cycle de la semaine.
  • 今日(kyō) (Aujourd'hui) vs 明日(ashita) (Demain) : Rappelez-vous, pas de particule ni pour ces mots relatifs.

Quick FAQ

Q : Puis-je juste dire Getsu ou Ka ?

R: Dans un langage très familier, oui. Mais généralement, les gens laissent tomber juste le bi et disent Getsuyō.

Q : Y a-t-il un Kanji pour Week-end ?

R: Oui ! 週末(しゅうまつ) (Shūmatsu).

Days of the Week

Day Kanji Reading
Monday
{月曜日|げつようび}
Getsuyōbi
Tuesday
{火曜日|かようび}
Kayōbi
Wednesday
{水曜日|すいようび}
Suiyōbi
Thursday
{木曜日|もくようび}
Mokuyōbi
Friday
{金曜日|きんようび}
Kinyōbi
Saturday
{土曜日|どようび}
Doyōbi
Sunday
{日曜日|にちようび}
Nichiyōbi

Meanings

The system used to identify the seven days of the week, derived from celestial bodies and elements.

1

Naming Days

Identifying a specific day of the week.

“{今日|きょう}は{火曜日|かようび}です。”

“{明日|あした}は{水曜日|すいようび}です。”

Reference Table

Reference table for Jours de la semaine en japonais : Les 7 éléments (Yōbi)
Français Kanji Lecture Élément / Sens
Dimanche
{日曜日}
nichiyōbi
Soleil
Lundi
{月曜日}
getsuyōbi
Lune
Mardi
{火曜日}
kayōbi
Feu
Mercredi
{水曜日}
suiyōbi
Eau
Jeudi
{木曜日}
mokuyōbi
Bois / Arbre
Vendredi
{金曜日}
kinyōbi
Or / Argent
Samedi
{土曜日}
doyōbi
Terre / Sol

Spectre de formalité

Formel
{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}でいらっしゃいますか?

{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}でいらっしゃいますか? (Asking for the day)

Neutre
{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか?

{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか? (Asking for the day)

Informel
{今日|きょう}、{何曜日|なんようび}?

{今日|きょう}、{何曜日|なんようび}? (Asking for the day)

Argot
{今日|きょう}、{何|なん}ようび?

{今日|きょう}、{何|なん}ようび? (Asking for the day)

Le Système Solaire des Jours

Système Yōbi

Luminaires

  • {日} Soleil
  • {月} Lune

Éléments

  • {火} Feu
  • {水} Eau
  • {木} Bois
  • {金} Or
  • {土} Terre

Jour vs Date vs Heure

Jour de la semaine
{月曜日} Lundi
{金曜日} Vendredi
Date
{一日} 1er (Tsuitachi)
{二十日} 20 (Hatsuka)

Quelle particule ?

1

Est-ce un jour nommé précis (ex: lundi) ?

YES
Utilise {に|ni}
NO
Question suivante
2

Est-ce relatif (Aujourd'hui, Demain) ?

YES
PAS de particule
NO ↓

Mémo visuel

🌳

Nature

  • {木} Arbre
  • {水} Eau
  • {土} Terre
☀️

Ciel

  • {日} Soleil
  • {月} Lune
💰

Valeur

  • {金} Or

Exemples par niveau

1

{月曜日|げつようび}です。

It is Monday.

2

{今日|きょう}は{日曜日|にちようび}です。

Today is Sunday.

3

{金曜日|きんようび}です。

It is Friday.

4

{水曜日|すいようび}です。

It is Wednesday.

1

{明日|あした}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか?

What day is tomorrow?

2

{火曜日|かようび}に{会|あ}いましょう。

Let's meet on Tuesday.

3

{木曜日|もくようび}は{忙|いそが}しいです。

Thursday is busy.

4

{土曜日|どようび}は{休|やす}みです。

Saturday is a day off.

1

{毎週|まいしゅう}{水曜日|すいようび}に{日本語|にほんご}の{クラス|くらす}があります。

I have a Japanese class every Wednesday.

2

{来週|らいしゅう}の{月曜日|げつようび}は{祝日|しゅくじつ}です。

Next Monday is a public holiday.

3

{金曜日|きんようび}の{夜|よる}は{映画|えいが}を{見|み}ます。

I will watch a movie on Friday night.

4

{日曜日|にちようび}は{家|いえ}でゆっくりします。

I will relax at home on Sunday.

1

{会議|かいぎ}の{日程|にってい}を{木曜日|もくようび}に{変更|へんこう}してもいいですか?

Can we change the meeting schedule to Thursday?

2

{土曜日|どようび}の{午前中|ごぜんちゅう}は{混雑|こんざつ}します。

It gets crowded on Saturday morning.

3

{火曜日|かようび}までに{報告書|ほうこくしょ}を{出|だ}してください。

Please submit the report by Tuesday.

4

{水曜日|すいようび}の{予定|よてい}を{確認|かくにん}します。

I will confirm the Wednesday schedule.

1

{金曜日|きんようび}の{夕方|ゆうがた}から{週末|しゅうまつ}の{雰囲気|ふんいき}が{漂|ただよ}い{始|はじ}めます。

The weekend atmosphere starts to drift in from Friday evening.

2

{月曜日|げつようび}の{憂鬱|ゆううつ}さを{解消|かいしょう}する{方法|ほうほう}を{探|さが}しています。

I am looking for a way to resolve Monday blues.

3

{木曜日|もくようび}は{週|しゅう}の{中盤|ちゅうばん}として{重要|じゅうよう}な{日|ひ}です。

Thursday is an important day as the middle of the week.

4

{日曜日|にちようび}の{静寂|せいじゃく}が{好|す|}きです。

I like the silence of Sunday.

1

{土曜日|どようび}の{夜|よる}を{謳歌|おうか}する{人々|ひとびと}で{街|まち}は{賑|にぎ}わっています。

The city is bustling with people enjoying Saturday night.

2

{火曜日|かようび}の{朝|あさ}の{静|しず}けさは{格別|かくべつ}です。

The quiet of Tuesday morning is exceptional.

3

{水曜日|すいようび}の{午後|ごご}、{仕事|しごと}の{合間|あいま}に{一息|ひといき}つきます。

On Wednesday afternoon, I take a break between work.

4

{金曜日|きんようび}の{夜|よる}の{解放感|かいほうかん}は{何|なに}にも{代|か|}えられません。

The sense of liberation on Friday night is irreplaceable.

Facile à confondre

Days of the Week: The 7 Elements (Yōbi) vs Date vs Day of the Week

Learners mix up 'Monday' with 'the 1st'.

Erreurs courantes

{月|げつ}です

{月曜日|げつようび}です

You must include the suffix.

{火|か}は{何曜日|なんようび}?

{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}?

Don't confuse the element with the day.

{月曜日|げつようび}に{行|い}きます

{月曜日|げつようび}に{行|い}きます (Actually correct, but watch for particle usage)

Particles like 'ni' are often misused.

{日|にち}曜日

{日曜日|にちようび}

Ensure the kanji is correct.

{明日|あした}は{月|げつ}です

{明日|あした}は{月曜日|げつようび}です

Missing suffix.

{何|なん}曜日ですか

{何曜日|なんようび}ですか

Reading error.

{金曜日|きんようび}は{何|なに}ですか

{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか

Incorrect question structure.

{月曜日|げつようび}の{日|ひ}

{月曜日|げつようび}

Redundant 'day'.

{曜日|ようび}が{何|なに}ですか

{何曜日|なんようび}ですか

Grammar error.

{月曜日|げつようび}に{会|あ}う

{月曜日|げつようび}に{会|あ}います

Register mismatch.

Structures de phrases

{今日|きょう}は___です。

___は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか?

私は___に{働|はたら}きます。

___は{忙|いそが}しいです。

Real World Usage

Texting very common

{金曜日|きんようび}、{暇|ひま}?

Business very common

{月曜日|げつようび}に{会議|かいぎ}があります。

Travel common

{土曜日|どようび}は{営業|えいぎょう}しています。

Social Media common

{日曜日|にちようび}の{朝|あさ}!

Food Delivery occasional

{水曜日|すいようび}の{割引|わりびき}。

Job Interview common

{火曜日|かようび}に{面接|めんせつ}を{希望|きぼう}します。

🎯

Abréviations du calendrier

Sur les calendriers japonais, les jours sont souvent réduits à un seul kanji entre parenthèses : «({月}), ({火}), ({水})».
💬

Le blues du lundi

Au Japon aussi, le lundi est parfois déprimant. On peut dire qu'on se sent bas car c'est «{月曜日|げつようび}».
⚠️

Ne répète pas 'jour'

Ne dis pas 'Kayōbi day'. Le suffixe 'bi' signifie déjà 'jour' dans le mot «{火曜日|かようび}».

Smart Tips

Use a mnemonic for the elements.

I keep forgetting Tuesday. Tuesday is Fire (Ka), so I remember it now.

Always write the full kanji.

I write {月|げつ}. I write {月曜日|げつようび}.

Focus on the long 'o' sound.

yobi yōbi

Use the particle {に|に} for specific days.

{月曜日|げつようび}会います。 {月曜日|げつようび}に{会|あ}います。

Prononciation

yō-bi

Long Vowels

The 'o' in {ようび} is long.

Question

Rising at the end

Indicates a question

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of the elements: Fire (Tuesday), Water (Wednesday), Wood (Thursday), Metal (Friday), Earth (Saturday).

Association visuelle

Imagine a calendar where each day is a different element: a burning fire on Tuesday, a flowing river on Wednesday, a tall tree on Thursday, a gold coin on Friday, and a pile of dirt on Saturday.

Rhyme

Getsu, Ka, Sui, Moku, Kin, Do, Nichi, the week is done, it's quite a hitch!

Story

On Monday (Getsu), I look at the Moon. On Tuesday (Ka), I start a fire. On Wednesday (Sui), I drink water. On Thursday (Moku), I climb a tree. On Friday (Kin), I find gold. On Saturday (Do), I play in the dirt. On Sunday (Nichi), I watch the Sun.

Word Web

{月曜日|げつようび}{火曜日|かようび}{水曜日|すいようび}{木曜日|もくようび}{金曜日|きんようび}{土曜日|どようび}{日曜日|にちようび}

Défi

Write down your schedule for the next 7 days using the Japanese names for each day.

Notes culturelles

The week is often used for business scheduling. Sunday is the start of the week on many calendars.

Derived from the Chinese system of seven luminaries.

Amorces de conversation

{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか?

{週末|しゅうまつ}は{何曜日|なんようび}と{何曜日|なんようび}ですか?

{一番|いちばん}{好|す|}きな{曜日|ようび}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか?

{月曜日|げつようび}は{忙|いそが}しいですか?

Sujets d'écriture

Describe your typical Monday.
What do you do on weekends?
Compare your busiest day with your most relaxed day.
How does the Japanese week structure differ from your country?

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Complète avec le jour manquant.

Aujourd'hui c'est lundi. Demain c'est ___ ({火曜日}).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kayōbi
Après lundi (Lune) vient mardi (Feu / Kayōbi).
Choisis la bonne particule. Choix multiple

J'étudie ___ dimanche.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nichiyōbi ni
On utilise la particule 'ni' pour marquer un moment précis comme un jour de la semaine.
Trouve l'erreur dans le Kanji. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mardi se dit {木曜日}.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mardi se dit {火曜日}.
{木曜日} c'est jeudi (Bois). Mardi c'est le feu ({火曜日}).

Score: /3

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

{今日|きょう}は{月曜日|げつようび}です。{明日|あした}は___です。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Monday leads to Tuesday.
Which is Sunday? Choix multiple

Which is Sunday?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Nichiyōbi is Sunday.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

{今日|きょう}は{月|げつ}です。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Needs the full suffix.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

{曜日|ようび} / {何|なん} / ですか / {今日|きょう} / は

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Standard question order.
Translate to Japanese. Traduction

Today is Friday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Friday is Kinyōbi.
Match the day. Match Pairs

Match {火曜日|かようび} to English.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Kayōbi is Tuesday.
What is the day after Friday? Conjugation Drill

Friday + 1 day?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Saturday follows Friday.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: {今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Direct answer.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Relie l'élément à son jour correspondant. Match Pairs

Associe l'élément au jour :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Feu: Mardi","Eau: Mercredi","Or: Vendredi","Bois: Jeudi"]
Remets la phrase dans l'ordre. Sentence Reorder

desu / wa / Doyōbi / yasumi / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Doyōbi wa yasumi desu.
Traduis en japonais. Traduction

C'est dimanche.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nichiyōbi desu.
Complète la suite logique. Texte trous

Getsuyōbi, ___, Suiyōbi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kayōbi
Quel jour correspond au 'Jour de l'Eau' ? Choix multiple

Choisis le bon mot japonais.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Suiyōbi
Corrige la particule de temps. Error Correction

Nichiyōbi wa gakkō ni ikimasu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nichiyōbi ni gakkō ni ikimasu.
Associe le Kanji à sa lecture. Match Pairs

Connecte-les.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["{\u571f}: Do","{\u91d1}: Kin","{\u6728}: Moku","{\u706b}: Ka"]
Quel jour tombe l'entretien ? Texte trous

L'entretien est vendredi ({___}).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kinyōbi
Traduis 'Quel jour sommes-nous ?' Traduction

Traduis la question.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nan-yōbi desu ka?
Identifie le jour de l'Arbre. Choix multiple

Quel jour contient le kanji de l'Arbre ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mokuyōbi

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

It is a suffix meaning 'day of the luminary'.

No, {月|げつ} is just the moon. {月曜日|げつようび} is Monday.

Use '{今日|きょう}は{何曜日|なんようび}ですか?'.

Yes, constantly for scheduling.

Yes, it is essential for reading.

No, you must use the full form.

Use '{月曜日|げつようび}に'.

No, dates are specific to the month.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

Lunes, Martes...

Japanese uses a consistent suffix.

French partial

Lundi, Mardi...

Japanese is based on elements.

German partial

Montag, Dienstag...

Japanese uses celestial bodies.

Japanese high

{曜日|ようび}

None.

Arabic low

Al-Ahad, Al-Ithnayn...

Japanese uses names.

Chinese partial

Xingqi yi, Xingqi er...

Japanese uses elements.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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