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B1 noun 11 min de lecture

초과근무

chogwageunmu

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 초과근무 en 30 secondes

Explication 초과근무 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the complex legal meanings of 초과근무 (chogwa-geunmu). Just think of it as 'extra work' or 'working more.' Since A1 focuses on basic daily life, you might use this word to tell a friend why you are busy. It comes from '초과' (extra/more) and '근무' (work/job).

You can use it simply with the verb '해요' (do). For example: '저는 오늘 초과근무해요' (I do overtime today). It's a useful word to know if you are working in Korea or have Korean friends who talk about their jobs. Even at this level, knowing that '근무' means 'work' helps you understand many other words like '근무 시간' (work time).

Remember: Chogwa = More, Geunmu = Work. If you work more than usual, it is Chogwa-geunmu!

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At the A2 level, you can start using 초과근무 in more complete sentences. You should understand that it is a noun and usually takes the particle '-를' when used with the verb '하다.' For example: '초과근무를 하고 싶지 않아요' (I don't want to do overtime).

You will also start to see it paired with other nouns. The most important one for A2 learners is '초과근무 수당' (overtime pay). Even if you don't use it yourself, you might hear coworkers talking about it. You should also be able to distinguish between '초과근무' (extra work) and '야근' (working at night), though at this level, using them slightly incorrectly is okay as long as you are understood.

Try to use it when describing your schedule: '이번 주는 일이 많아서 초과근무를 해야 해요' (I have a lot of work this week, so I have to do overtime).

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As a B1 learner, you are expected to use 초과근무 in professional contexts. You should understand the difference between this formal term and the casual '야근.' At this level, you should be able to discuss work-life balance and labor conditions in basic terms. For example, you might say, '한국에서는 초과근무가 사회적인 문제예요' (In Korea, overtime is a social problem).

You should also be comfortable with grammar patterns like '-기 때문에' (because) or '-(으)면' (if) when using this word. '초과근무를 하면 수당을 받을 수 있어요?' (If I do overtime, can I get an allowance?). Understanding the Sino-Korean roots (超 - surpass, 過 - exceed) will help you recognize other related words like '초과하다' (to exceed) or '과속' (speeding).

B1 learners should also be aware of the '52-hour work week' (주 52시간 근무제) as it is a frequent topic in Korean society where this word is used constantly.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 초과근무 within the context of Korean labor laws and corporate culture. You should be able to use it in formal reports, emails, and discussions about productivity. You should understand terms like '연장근무' (extended work) and '법정 근로시간' (statutory working hours) and how they relate to chogwa-geunmu.

You should be able to express complex opinions, such as '초과근무 수당을 지급하는 대신 대체 휴가를 주는 회사들이 늘고 있습니다' (The number of companies giving alternative leave instead of paying overtime is increasing). Your usage should reflect an awareness of the social shift away from mandatory overtime and toward efficiency.

Furthermore, you should be able to handle passive or causative structures, like '초과근무를 강요당하다' (to be forced into overtime) or '초과근무를 최소화하다' (to minimize overtime).

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C1 learners should understand 초과근무 as a technical legal term. This involves knowing the specific provisions of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) regarding overtime limits and compensation rates. You should be able to read and analyze news articles or academic papers that discuss the impact of chogwa-geunmu on national productivity and the birth rate.

At this level, you should also be familiar with the 'Inclusive Wage System' (포괄임금제) and how it complicates the definition of what counts as chogwa-geunmu. You can participate in high-level debates about whether overtime is a result of low efficiency or an unavoidable part of certain industries like IT or healthcare.

Your vocabulary should include sophisticated related terms like '유연근무제' (flexible work system) and '재량근로제' (discretionary work system), and you should be able to explain how these systems affect the recording of chogwa-geunmu.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 초과근무 involves a deep sociological and historical perspective. You can discuss the evolution of 'Korean-style' labor from the rapid economic growth era (한강의 기적) where overtime was seen as a patriotic duty, to the modern era's emphasis on mental health and individual rights. You can use the word in legal briefs, high-level policy proposals, or literary analysis.

You understand the subtle emotional connotations of the word in different contexts—how it can represent dedication in one story and exploitation in another. You are also aware of the international comparisons, such as how chogwa-geunmu in Korea compares to 'overtime' in the US or 'überstunden' in Germany, not just in hours, but in cultural perception.

You can use the word with absolute precision, choosing between '초과근무,' '연장근무,' '잔업,' and '특근' to convey the exact legal and social status of the labor being described.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

초과근무 en 30 secondes

A formal term for overtime work in Korea.
Used in legal, administrative, and professional contexts.
Distinct from '야근' (night work) as it covers any extra time.
Crucial for discussing 'Work-Life Balance' and labor rights.

The term 초과근무 (chogwa-geunmu) is a cornerstone of professional vocabulary in South Korea, a nation historically known for its rigorous work ethic and long office hours. At its most basic level, it translates to 'overtime work,' but the linguistic and cultural nuances embedded within these four syllables are profound. The word is a Sino-Korean compound (Hanja) consisting of Cho (超 - surpass), Gwa (過 - exceed), Geun (勤 - diligence/work), and Mu (務 - task/duty). Together, they form a concept that describes any labor performed beyond the standard, legally or contractually mandated working hours.

Formal Definition: In a legal and administrative context, 초과근무 refers to work hours that exceed the standard 40-hour work week or the specific hours agreed upon in an employment contract. This is often the term used in official HR documents, payroll stubs, and labor law discussions.
Cultural Nuance: While 'overtime' in English can sometimes sound like an occasional necessity, 초과근무 in Korea has historically been a systemic expectation. However, with the introduction of the '52-hour work week' (주 52시간 근무제), the term has shifted from a badge of loyalty to a point of legal scrutiny and corporate management.

You will encounter this word most frequently in the workplace, but it also appears in news reports discussing labor rights, economic productivity, and the evolving 'Work-Life Balance' (often called 워라밸 - worabaul in Korea). When a Korean employee says they have to do 초과근무, it implies a level of officiality; it is the work they are doing that should, theoretically, be recorded and compensated.

이번 달에는 프로젝트 마감 때문에 초과근무가 정말 많았어요. (Because of the project deadline, there was a lot of overtime work this month.)

Understanding the difference between this and related terms like 야근 (yageun) is crucial. While yageun specifically refers to working late into the night, chogwa-geunmu is the broader umbrella term for any extra time. For instance, if you start work two hours early in the morning, that is chogwa-geunmu, but not yageun. This distinction is vital for learners who wish to sound precise in a professional setting.

Furthermore, the word is often paired with 수당 (sudang), meaning 'allowance' or 'extra pay.' 초과근무 수당 is the overtime pay that is a frequent topic of negotiation and labor disputes. In many modern Korean companies, especially startups and tech firms in Pangyo, there is a push to reduce chogwa-geunmu to prevent employee burnout, making this word a central part of the 'MZ generation' (Millennials and Gen Z) discourse on healthy working environments.

정부의 새로운 정책에 따라 초과근무 시간이 엄격하게 제한됩니다. (According to the government's new policy, overtime hours are strictly limited.)

In summary, 초과근무 is not just a word for staying late; it is a technical term that encompasses the legal, financial, and social dimensions of labor in South Korea. Whether you are filling out a timesheet, discussing your workload with a manager, or reading about economic trends, this word will be your primary tool for describing labor that goes beyond the standard clock.

Using 초과근무 (chogwa-geunmu) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical function as a noun and the verbs it typically pairs with. Because it is a Sino-Korean noun, it is most commonly used with the light verb 하다 (hada - to do) to form 초과근무를 하다 (to do overtime work). However, in professional contexts, you will often see it functioning as a subject or an object in more complex structures.

Common Verb Pairings: 1. 초과근무를 신청하다: To apply for overtime (often required in digital HR systems).
2. 초과근무를 승인하다: To approve overtime (used by managers).
3. 초과근무를 기록하다: To record/log overtime hours.

When talking about the frequency or existence of overtime, you use the verbs 있다 (itda - to have/exist) or 없다 (eopda - to not have). For example, '초과근무가 많아요' (There is a lot of overtime) is a very common way to describe a busy job. If you want to emphasize that overtime is mandatory, you might use 초과근무가 잦다 (Overtime is frequent).

저희 회사는 초과근무가 거의 없는 편이에요. (Our company tends to have almost no overtime work.)

In more formal or legal writing, 초과근무 often takes the particle -에 따른 (following/according to). For example, 초과근무에 따른 보상 (compensation following overtime work). This structure is essential for anyone writing business emails or reading employment contracts. You might also see it used with 발생하다 (balsaenghada - to occur/happen), as in '초과근무가 발생할 경우' (In the event that overtime occurs).

Another important pattern is using 초과근무 as a modifier for other nouns. Common combinations include 초과근무 수당 (overtime pay), 초과근무 시간 (overtime hours), and 초과근무 금지 (overtime ban). When modifying, you don't usually need a particle between the two nouns, creating a compound-like structure.

근로기준법에 의하면 초과근무 수당은 평소 시급의 1.5배입니다. (According to the Labor Standards Act, overtime pay is 1.5 times the usual hourly wage.)

For advanced learners, it's useful to know how to use 초과근무 in a passive or causative sense. While you can't easily make the word itself passive, you can use phrases like 초과근무를 강요받다 (to be forced to do overtime) or 초과근무를 줄이다 (to reduce overtime). These nuances allow you to express a wide range of experiences in the Korean labor market, from the frustration of long hours to the administrative goal of efficiency.

If you live or work in South Korea, 초과근무 (chogwa-geunmu) is a word you will hear with surprising regularity, often carrying a weight of shared exhaustion or professional obligation. It is ubiquitous in several specific environments, each providing a different shade of meaning to the term.

The Office Environment: In the typical Korean 'Office Life' (회사 생활), you'll hear this during team meetings or lunch breaks. Co-workers might complain about a string of 초과근무 sessions during 'peak season' (성수기). It’s the word used when a manager asks, 'Can you stay a bit longer today?' though they might use more polite euphemisms first.
News and Media: The Korean news (뉴스) frequently reports on 초과근무 in the context of the '52-hour work week' policy. You will hear anchors discussing how many hours of 초과근무 are allowed and how companies are being audited for 'unpaid overtime' (공짜 야근/초과근무).

In Korean dramas (K-Dramas), specifically those set in offices like 'Misaeng' or 'Start-Up,' 초과근무 is a recurring plot point. It symbolizes the struggle of the protagonist to succeed or the toxic culture of a specific department. When a character sighs and says, '오늘도 초과근무네...' (Overtime again today...), it immediately communicates their fatigue and dedication to the audience.

드라마 속 대사: "팀장님, 이번 주 초과근무 시간이 벌써 한도를 넘었습니다." (Line from a drama: "Team leader, this week's overtime hours have already exceeded the limit.")

You will also hear this word in the public sector. Civil servants (공무원) in Korea have very specific rules regarding 초과근무. Since their salaries are fixed by the government, the calculation of 초과근무 수당 is a major topic of interest and sometimes controversy in public forums and government-related news. If you visit a community center (주민센터) late at night and see lights on, those employees are likely engaged in 초과근무.

Finally, in the education sector, teachers often discuss 초과근무 during exam periods or when grading large numbers of papers. In the medical field, nurses and residents use the term to describe their grueling shifts. In all these cases, the word carries a heavy connotation of 'labor beyond the norm,' making it a powerful linguistic marker of the Korean societal emphasis on hard work and the ongoing struggle for better labor conditions.

라디오 뉴스: "최근 조사에 따르면, 직장인 10명 중 7명이 정기적으로 초과근무를 하고 있다고 답했습니다." (Radio news: "According to a recent survey, 7 out of 10 office workers replied that they regularly do overtime work.")

Learning to use 초과근무 (chogwa-geunmu) correctly involves navigating a few linguistic traps that even intermediate learners often fall into. The most common mistakes usually involve confusing it with similar terms, using the wrong particles, or applying it in inappropriate social contexts.

Mistake 1: Confusing '초과근무' with '야근': This is the most frequent error. 야근 (yageun) specifically means 'night work.' If you work until 7 PM (when your shift ends at 6 PM), that is 초과근무, but it isn't technically 야근 unless it's significantly late. Using 초과근무 in a casual chat with friends might sound a bit too 'corporate' or 'stiff,' whereas using 야근 in a formal HR report might sound too 'casual.'
Mistake 2: Incorrect Particle Usage: Learners often forget that 초과근무 is a noun. Saying '초과근무해요' is correct, but '초과근무를 해요' is often better for clarity. A common mistake is using the particle -이/가 when -를/을 is needed, or vice-versa. For example, '초과근무를 많아요' is incorrect; it should be '초과근무가 많아요' (Overtime is plenty).

Another subtle mistake is the confusion between 초과근무 and 잔업 (janeop). 잔업 literally means 'remaining work.' While it is often used interchangeably with overtime, 잔업 is more commonly used in manufacturing or factory settings, whereas 초과근무 is the standard term for office environments and white-collar professional settings. Using 잔업 in a high-end law firm might sound slightly out of place.

Incorrect: 오늘 초과근무를 있어요.
Correct: 오늘 초과근무가 있어요. (I have overtime today.)

There is also the 'Inclusive Wage System' (포괄임금제) pitfall. In Korea, some contracts include a set amount of overtime in the base salary. Learners might mistakenly think that because they are working extra, they are doing 초과근무 that entitles them to extra pay. However, linguistically, if it's part of the 'inclusive wage,' some might not refer to it as 초과근무 in a legal sense, but rather just 'working late.' Understanding the legal context helps in using the word accurately during salary negotiations.

Lastly, don't confuse 초과근무 with 특근 (teukgeun). 특근 (Special Work) usually refers to working on weekends or public holidays. If you work late on a Wednesday, it’s 초과근무. If you work on a Saturday, it’s 특근. Using these interchangeably can lead to confusion in scheduling and payroll. Always check the calendar before choosing your word!

While 초과근무 (chogwa-geunmu) is the standard formal term for overtime, the Korean language offers a rich palette of synonyms and related terms, each with its own specific 'flavor' and context. Knowing when to use which can elevate your Korean from 'textbook' to 'natural.'

야근 (Yageun): This is the most common alternative. It specifically refers to working at night. In casual conversation, people almost always use 야근. '나 오늘 야근해' (I'm working late tonight) is much more natural than saying '나 오늘 초과근무해' to a friend.
잔업 (Janeop): Literally 'remaining work.' This term is often used in blue-collar or manufacturing jobs. It implies finishing up tasks that weren't completed during the main shift. It feels slightly more 'manual' or 'task-oriented' than the administrative 초과근무.
특근 (Teukgeun): Short for '특별근무' (Special Duty). This is almost exclusively used for working on days off, like Saturdays, Sundays, or holidays. If you are 'doing overtime' on a Sunday, 특근 is the more accurate term.

For those who want to express the idea of 'working beyond the limit' in a more metaphorical or slangy way, you might hear 열일 (yeol-il), which is a contraction of '열심히 일하다' (working hard). While not a direct synonym for overtime, it’s often used to describe someone who is putting in extra hours and effort. On the flip side, the antonym 칼퇴 (kal-toe)—short for '칼같이 퇴근' (leaving like a knife/exactly on time)—is the ultimate goal for most employees.

Comparison:
1. 초과근무: The formal, administrative term (Overtime).
2. 야근: The casual, night-focused term (Working late).
3. 잔업: The task-focused, often industrial term (Extra work).
4. 특근: The holiday/weekend term (Special shift).

In a professional email, you might use 연장근무 (yeonjang-geunmu). This is very similar to 초과근무 but focuses on the 'extension' (연장) of the working day. Many labor contracts specifically use the phrase '연장, 야간, 휴일 근무' to cover all bases of extra work. 연장근무 and 초과근무 are often used as perfect synonyms in legal documents.

Lastly, there is 보충근무 (bochung-geunmu), which means 'supplementary work.' This is usually used when someone missed hours earlier and is making them up, rather than just working extra for a busy project. Choosing the right word demonstrates your deep understanding of Korean work culture and the specific circumstances of your labor.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The root '勤' (Geun) is the same one used in 'diligent' (근면). It implies that overtime was historically viewed not just as 'extra time' but as an extension of one's diligence and loyalty to the organization.

Guide de prononciation

UK /tɕʰo.ɡwa.ɡɯn.mu/

US /tʃoʊ.ɡwɑ.ɡʌn.mu/

The stress is relatively even across syllables, as in most Korean words, but a slight emphasis on the first syllable '초' (cho) is common.

Rime avec

근무 (geunmu) 의무 (uimu - duty) 직무 (jingmu - task) 실무 (silmu - practical work) 사무 (samu - office work) 세무 (semu - tax affairs) 공무 (gongmu - public duty) 법무 (beommu - legal affairs)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'geun' as 'goon' (should be a flat 'u' sound).
Missing the aspiration in 'cho' (should be a strong puff of air).

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

The Hanja roots are common, making it readable for intermediate students.

Écriture 4/5

Spelling '초과근무' is easy, but using it with the right particles in formal contexts can be tricky.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but choosing it over '야근' requires cultural awareness.

Écoute 2/5

It's a very clear, distinct-sounding word that stands out in office conversations.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

근무 (work) 시간 (time) 많다 (many) 하다 (to do) 회사 (company)

Apprends ensuite

수당 (allowance) 연장 (extension) 휴가 (vacation) 급여 (salary) 노동법 (labor law)

Avancé

포괄임금제 (inclusive wage system) 유연근무제 (flexible work system) 근로기준법 (Labor Standards Act) 직장내 괴롭힘 (workplace bullying) 워라밸 (work-life balance)

Grammaire à connaître

-는 대신 (Instead of)

초과근무를 하는 대신 내일 늦게 올게요.

-기 때문에 (Because)

초과근무가 많기 때문에 항상 피곤해요.

-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 (Have no choice but to)

일이 많아서 초과근무를 할 수밖에 없어요.

-아/어 봤자 (Even if you try)

초과근무를 해 봤자 수당이 안 나와요.

-느라 (Because of doing something)

초과근무 하느라 친구를 못 만났어요.

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Exemples par niveau

저는 오늘 초과근무를 해요.

I do overtime today.

Uses the basic object marker -를 and the verb 해요.

초과근무가 힘들어요.

Overtime is hard.

Uses the subject marker -가 and the adjective 힘들어요.

초과근무가 없어요.

There is no overtime.

Uses -가 없어요 to indicate non-existence.

오빠는 초과근무를 좋아해요.

My older brother likes overtime.

Uses the object marker -를 and the verb 좋아해요.

내일 초과근무를 하세요?

Are you doing overtime tomorrow?

Uses the honorific suffix -세요 for a question.

초과근무는 싫어요.

I hate overtime. (As for overtime, I hate it.)

Uses the topic marker -는 for emphasis.

오늘 초과근무 1시간 했어요.

I did 1 hour of overtime today.

Uses a counter (시간) and the past tense 했어요.

초과근무 수당이 얼마예요?

How much is the overtime pay?

Introduces the compound noun '초과근무 수당'.

이번 주에는 초과근무가 너무 많아요.

There is too much overtime this week.

Uses '너무' for emphasis and '많아요' for quantity.

초과근무를 해서 피곤해요.

I am tired because I did overtime.

Uses the -아서/어서 (because) connective ending.

어제 왜 초과근무를 했어요?

Why did you do overtime yesterday?

Uses the question word '왜' (why).

초과근무를 하고 싶지 않아요.

I don't want to do overtime.

Uses -고 싶지 않아요 (don't want to).

초과근무를 하면 돈을 더 받아요.

If you do overtime, you get more money.

Uses the -(으)면 (if) conditional ending.

우리 회사는 초과근무를 신청해야 해요.

In our company, you have to apply for overtime.

Uses -해야 해요 (must/have to).

초과근무를 줄이고 싶어요.

I want to reduce overtime.

Uses the verb 줄이다 (to reduce).

초과근무 때문에 약속을 취소했어요.

I canceled the appointment because of overtime.

Uses -때문에 (because of) with a noun.

초과근무 수당이 제대로 나오지 않아서 걱정이에요.

I'm worried because the overtime pay isn't coming out properly.

Uses '제대로' (properly) and '-지 않아서' (negative because).

한국의 초과근무 문화에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?

What do you think about Korea's overtime culture?

Uses '-에 대해' (about) and '어떻게 생각하세요?' (what do you think?).

초과근무를 줄이기 위해 정부가 노력하고 있습니다.

The government is making efforts to reduce overtime.

Uses '-기 위해' (in order to).

신입 사원들은 초과근무를 거절하기 어려워요.

It's hard for new employees to refuse overtime.

Uses the noun '신입 사원' and the adjective '어렵다'.

초과근무를 너무 많이 하면 건강에 해로워요.

If you do too much overtime, it's harmful to your health.

Uses '-에 해롭다' (harmful to).

오늘 초과근무가 예정되어 있어서 늦을 것 같아요.

I think I'll be late because overtime is scheduled for today.

Uses '예정되어 있다' (to be scheduled) and '-(으)ㄹ 것 같다' (it seems/I think).

초과근무 시간을 기록하는 앱을 다운로드했어요.

I downloaded an app that records overtime hours.

Uses the noun-modifying form -는.

초과근무를 피하기 위해 업무 효율을 높여야 합니다.

To avoid overtime, we must increase work efficiency.

Uses '피하다' (to avoid) and '높이다' (to increase/heighten).

초과근무가 잦은 직종은 이직률이 높은 편입니다.

Occupations with frequent overtime tend to have high turnover rates.

Uses '잦다' (frequent) and '-ㄴ 편이다' (tend to).

포괄임금제 때문에 초과근무 수당을 못 받는 경우가 많습니다.

There are many cases where overtime pay is not received due to the inclusive wage system.

Uses technical term '포괄임금제' and '-는 경우가 많다'.

효율적인 시간 관리는 불필요한 초과근무를 방지해 줍니다.

Efficient time management prevents unnecessary overtime.

Uses '방지하다' (to prevent) and '-어/아 주다'.

근로기준법 개정으로 인해 초과근무 한도가 줄어들었습니다.

Overtime limits have decreased due to the revision of the Labor Standards Act.

Uses '-로 인해' (due to) and '개정' (revision).

초과근무를 당연하게 여기는 기업 문화는 바뀌어야 합니다.

Corporate culture that takes overtime for granted must change.

Uses '-게 여기다' (to consider/regard as).

회사는 직원들의 초과근무 내역을 투명하게 관리해야 할 의무가 있습니다.

The company has an obligation to manage employees' overtime records transparently.

Uses '의무가 있다' (to have an obligation) and '투명하게' (transparently).

초과근무를 하는 대신 다음 날 늦게 출근하기로 했습니다.

Instead of doing overtime, I decided to come to work late the next day.

Uses '-는 대신' (instead of) and '-기로 하다' (to decide to).

일부 직원들은 수당을 목적으로 의도적인 초과근무를 하기도 합니다.

Some employees engage in intentional overtime for the purpose of allowances.

Uses '-를 목적으로' (for the purpose of) and '의도적' (intentional).

초과근무의 고착화는 노동 생산성 저하의 주요 원인 중 하나로 지목됩니다.

The entrenchment of overtime is cited as one of the main causes of declining labor productivity.

Uses advanced vocabulary: '고착화' (entrenchment), '지목되다' (to be pointed out/cited).

정부는 초과근무를 실질적으로 근절하기 위한 감독 체계를 강화하고 있습니다.

The government is strengthening its oversight system to effectively eradicate overtime.

Uses '근절하다' (to eradicate) and '감독 체계' (oversight/monitoring system).

초과근무와 저출산 사이의 상관관계에 대한 심도 있는 연구가 필요합니다.

In-depth research on the correlation between overtime and low birth rates is needed.

Uses '상관관계' (correlation) and '심도 있는' (in-depth).

유연근무제의 도입이 초과근무를 줄이는 데 실질적인 도움이 되는지 논란이 있습니다.

There is controversy over whether the introduction of flexible work systems actually helps reduce overtime.

Uses '도입' (introduction) and '논란이 있다' (there is controversy).

초과근무 수당 미지급 건에 대해 고용노동부에 진정을 제기했습니다.

A petition was filed with the Ministry of Employment and Labor regarding unpaid overtime.

Uses '미지급' (unpaid) and '진정을 제기하다' (to file a petition).

기업들은 초과근무를 지양하고 창의적인 업무 환경을 조성하려 노력하고 있습니다.

Companies are striving to avoid overtime and create a creative work environment.

Uses '지양하다' (to avoid/refrain from) and '조성하다' (to create/foster).

초과근무가 일상화된 조직에서는 직원들의 번아웃 증후군이 빈번하게 발생합니다.

In organizations where overtime is normalized, employee burnout syndrome frequently occurs.

Uses '일상화되다' (to be normalized) and '빈번하게' (frequently).

기술의 발전이 역설적으로 초과근무를 유발하는 디지털 중독으로 이어지기도 합니다.

Paradoxically, technological advances sometimes lead to digital addiction that triggers overtime.

Uses '역설적으로' (paradoxically) and '유발하다' (to trigger/cause).

초과근무라는 명목 하에 자행되는 노동 착취를 근절하기 위한 법적 장치가 시급합니다.

Legal mechanisms to eradicate labor exploitation carried out under the guise of overtime are urgent.

Uses '명목 하에' (under the guise/name of) and '자행되다' (to be committed/carried out).

장시간의 초과근무는 인간의 존엄성을 훼손하고 삶의 질을 현격히 떨어뜨립니다.

Long hours of overtime damage human dignity and significantly lower the quality of life.

Uses '존엄성' (dignity) and '현격히' (significantly/notably).

초과근무에 대한 사회적 인식의 변화는 노동 패러다임의 전환을 의미합니다.

Changes in social perception of overtime signify a shift in the labor paradigm.

Uses '인식' (perception) and '패러다임의 전환' (paradigm shift).

초과근무 수당의 산정 방식을 둘러싼 노사 간의 갈등이 첨예하게 대립하고 있습니다.

Conflicts between labor and management over the method of calculating overtime pay are sharply clashing.

Uses '산정' (calculation) and '첨예하게 대립하다' (to clash sharply).

디지털 유목민 시대에 초과근무의 개념은 시공간의 제약을 넘어 확장되고 있습니다.

In the era of digital nomads, the concept of overtime is expanding beyond the constraints of time and space.

Uses '시공간의 제약' (constraints of time and space).

초과근무의 상시화는 결국 기업의 장기적인 경쟁력을 갉아먹는 독이 될 것입니다.

The normalization of overtime will eventually become a poison that eats away at a company's long-term competitiveness.

Uses '상시화' (making something regular) and '갉아먹다' (to gnaw/eat away).

포괄임금제의 폐해를 지적하며 초과근무의 투명한 기록을 촉구하는 목소리가 높습니다.

Voices pointing out the harmful effects of the inclusive wage system and calling for transparent recording of overtime are loud.

Uses '폐해' (harmful effects) and '촉구하다' (to urge/call for).

초과근무가 개인의 자아실현을 방해하는 요소로 작용하지 않도록 제도적 보완이 필요합니다.

Institutional supplements are needed so that overtime does not act as a factor hindering an individual's self-actualization.

Uses '자아실현' (self-actualization) and '제도적 보완' (institutional supplement).

Collocations courantes

초과근무 수당

초과근무 시간

초과근무를 신청하다

초과근무가 잦다

초과근무를 제한하다

초과근무를 강요하다

초과근무를 줄이다

초과근무 승인

초과근무 한도

초과근무 거부

Phrases Courantes

초과근무 수당을 받다

— To receive overtime pay.

지난달에 초과근무 수당을 많이 받았어요.

초과근무를 찍다

— To 'clock in' for overtime.

퇴근하기 전에 초과근무를 찍어야 해요.

초과근무가 일상이다

— Overtime is part of daily life (very busy).

이 프로젝트 기간에는 초과근무가 일상이에요.

초과근무를 달다

— To record/attach overtime to one's record (informal).

오늘 2시간 초과근무 달았어.

초과근무가 밀리다

— To have a backlog of overtime (often unpaid or unrecorded).

일이 너무 많아서 초과근무가 계속 밀리네요.

초과근무를 버티다

— To endure/withstand overtime.

체력으로 초과근무를 버티고 있어요.

초과근무를 피하다

— To avoid overtime.

최대한 초과근무를 피하려고 일찍 시작해요.

초과근무에 시달리다

— To suffer from excessive overtime.

그는 과도한 초과근무에 시달리고 있다.

초과근무를 당연시하다

— To take overtime for granted.

우리 회사는 초과근무를 당연시하는 분위기예요.

초과근무를 없애다

— To eliminate overtime.

회사는 장기적으로 초과근무를 없애기로 했습니다.

Souvent confondu avec

초과근무 vs 야근

Specifically means working at night (usually after 6 PM or 10 PM).

초과근무 vs 잔업

Often implies manual labor or factory work, finishing remaining tasks.

초과근무 vs 특근

Refers to working on holidays or weekends, not just extra hours on a workday.

Expressions idiomatiques

"눈코 뜰 새 없이 바쁘다"

— To be incredibly busy (often leading to overtime).

눈코 뜰 새 없이 바빠서 매일 초과근무를 해요.

Common Idiom

"뼈 빠지게 일하다"

— To work one's bones off (working extremely hard/long).

뼈 빠지게 초과근무를 해도 월급은 그대로예요.

Colloquial

"밤을 지새우다"

— To stay up all night (extreme overtime).

초과근무를 하다가 결국 밤을 지새웠어요.

Literary/Common

"불이 나게 일하다"

— To work with a 'fire' (very fast/hard, often to finish overtime).

마감 시간을 맞추려고 불이 나게 초과근무를 했어요.

Colloquial

"코가 석 자나 빠지다"

— To be very tired/depressed (often after overtime).

일주일 내내 초과근무를 하더니 코가 석 자나 빠졌네요.

Traditional Idiom

"입에 단내가 나다"

— To have a sweet smell in the mouth (from exhaustion/working too much).

초과근무를 너무 많이 해서 입에 단내가 날 지경이에요.

Colloquial

"발바닥에 불이 나다"

— To be very busy running around (context of overtime).

오늘 초과근무 하느라 발바닥에 불이 났어요.

Common Idiom

"죽기 살기로 하다"

— To do something as if your life depends on it (extreme dedication).

승진을 위해 죽기 살기로 초과근무를 했어요.

Strong/Common

"한 우물을 파다"

— To stick to one thing (dedication to a job despite overtime).

초과근무가 많아도 한 우물을 판다는 생각으로 버텼어요.

Proverb

"산 넘어 산"

— One mountain after another (endless work leading to more overtime).

일이 끝난 줄 알았는데 또 초과근무라니, 정말 산 넘어 산이네요.

Common Idiom

Facile à confondre

초과근무 vs 초과

It's the first half of the word.

초과 means 'excess' in general (like luggage weight), while 초과근무 is specifically about work.

수하물 무게가 초과되었습니다.

초과근무 vs 근무

It's the second half of the word.

근무 is just 'work' or 'duty' during regular hours.

근무 시간이 언제예요?

초과근무 vs 야간

Sounds like 야근.

야간 means 'nighttime' (general time period), while 야근 is 'night work.'

야간 진료를 하는 병원을 찾아요.

초과근무 vs 과로

Related to working too much.

과로 is the state of being overworked or exhausted from work, not the work itself.

과로로 병원에 입원했어요.

초과근무 vs 추가

Means 'additional.'

추가 is a general word for 'add-on,' while 초과 is specifically 'exceeding a limit.'

커피 한 잔 추가해 주세요.

Structures de phrases

저는 [Noun]를 해요.

저는 초과근무를 해요.

[Noun] 때문에 [Adjective].

초과근무 때문에 피곤해요.

[Noun]를 줄이기 위해 [Verb].

초과근무를 줄이기 위해 노력해요.

[Noun]를 하면 [Noun]를 받아요.

초과근무를 하면 수당을 받아요.

[Noun]가 잦은 편이에요.

우리 회사는 초과근무가 잦은 편이에요.

[Noun]를 당연하게 여기다.

그들은 초과근무를 당연하게 여겨요.

[Noun]의 고착화는 [Noun]의 원인이다.

초과근무의 고착화는 생산성 저하의 원인이다.

[Noun]라는 명목 하에 [Verb].

초과근무라는 명목 하에 착취를 당하다.

Famille de mots

Noms

초과 (excess)

근무 (work/duty)

근무자 (worker)

근무지 (workplace)

근무복 (work uniform)

Verbes

초과하다 (to exceed)

근무하다 (to work/be on duty)

초과근무하다 (to do overtime)

Adjectifs

근면하다 (to be diligent)

과도하다 (to be excessive)

Apparenté

수당 (allowance)

야근 (night work)

잔업 (remaining work)

퇴근 (leaving work)

출근 (going to work)

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour voir tous les exemples

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in professional and news contexts.

Erreurs courantes

초과근무를 있어요. → 초과근무가 있어요.
'있다/없다' patterns use the subject marker -이/가, not the object marker -를/을.
오늘 밤에 초과근무해요. (to a friend) → 오늘 밤에 야근해.
In casual speech with friends, '야근' is much more natural and common than the formal '초과근무'.
초과근무 수당을 계산했어요. (when you mean hours) → 초과근무 시간을 계산했어요.
'수당' is the money/allowance, while '시간' is the actual time spent. Don't confuse the reward with the duration.
초과근무를 강요했어요. (when you were the one forced) → 초과근무를 강요당했어요.
'강요하다' means to force someone else. To say you were forced, use the passive '강요당하다'.
잔업과 초과근무는 완전히 달라요. → 잔업과 초과근무는 맥락에 따라 비슷하게 쓰여요.
While they have different nuances (industrial vs. general), they are often used as synonyms. Don't assume they are totally unrelated.

Astuces

Nunchi and Overtime

In Korea, leaving before your boss (nunchi) can be difficult. If you see others staying for 초과근무, it's often a social pressure rather than a workload issue.

Know the Law

Familiarize yourself with the 'Labor Standards Act' (근로기준법). Knowing your rights regarding 초과근무 수당 is essential if you work in Korea.

Sino-Korean Roots

Learning 'Cho' (Exceed) and 'Geunmu' (Work) separately will help you understand hundreds of other professional Korean words.

Efficiency vs. Hours

Modern Korean companies are starting to value efficiency over long hours. Sometimes, finishing without 초과근무 is seen as a sign of high skill.

The KakaoTalk Trap

Even after you leave, getting work messages on KakaoTalk can be considered a form of 'digital 초과근무.' Some companies are banning after-hours messaging.

Preventing Burnout

If 초과근무 is unavoidable, make sure to take 'complementary leave' (대체 휴무) if your company offers it to recover your energy.

Check Your Pay Stub

Always compare your logged 초과근무 시간 with your 'Geub-yeo-myeong-se-seo' (pay stub) to ensure you are being paid correctly.

Asking About Overtime

During interviews, instead of asking 'Is there much overtime?', ask about the 'average work hours' or 'team culture regarding leaving on time.'

Light Verbs

Remember that nouns like 초과근무 often pair with '하다.' This is a very productive pattern in Korean (Noun + 하다 = Verb).

Focus Sessions

Try to use 'deep work' techniques during regular hours to minimize the need for 초과근무 and protect your personal time.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Cho' as 'Chose' (you chose to stay), 'Gwa' as 'Gwa-ne' (gone past the time), and 'Geunmu' as 'Gun-moo' (the gun of work keeps firing). You chose to go past the time because the work gun kept firing.

Association visuelle

Imagine a clock where the hands have broken past the 6 PM mark and are spinning into a dark blue 'overtime' zone.

Word Web

Work Money Clock Office Tired Salary Law Night

Défi

Try to use '초과근무' in three different ways today: once about money (수당), once about time (시간), and once about your feelings (피곤해요).

Origine du mot

From Sino-Korean (Hanja) roots: 超 (Surpass) + 過 (Exceed) + 勤 (Diligence) + 務 (Duty).

Sens originel : Work that surpasses the exceeded limit of duty.

Sino-Korean

Contexte culturel

Be sensitive when discussing overtime with Korean colleagues; it can be a source of significant stress or pride depending on the person.

In Western cultures, overtime is often seen as a choice or a way to earn extra money. In Korea, it has traditionally been seen more as a collective duty, though this is changing rapidly among younger workers.

Misaeng (Drama about office life and overtime) The 52-Hour Work Week Law (Major political shift) Pangyo Techno Valley (Known for high overtime)

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Office Administration

초과근무 신청서 (Overtime application form)
지문 인식 (Fingerprint recognition for clocking in)
승인 대기 (Waiting for approval)
반려 (Rejection of application)

Legal/Labor Rights

통상 임금 (Ordinary wage)
1.5배 가산 (1.5x multiplier)
근로 시간 위반 (Violation of work hours)
고용노동부 (Ministry of Employment and Labor)

Socializing/Complaining

지겨워요 (I'm sick of it)
집에 가고 싶어요 (I want to go home)
또 시작이네 (Here we go again)
피곤해 죽겠어요 (I'm tired to death)

Job Interviews

초과근무가 잦은가요? (Is overtime frequent?)
보상이 확실한가요? (Is compensation certain?)
팀 분위기 (Team atmosphere)
업무 강도 (Work intensity)

Health/Wellness

만성 피로 (Chronic fatigue)
스트레스 해소 (Stress relief)
수면 부족 (Lack of sleep)
번아웃 (Burnout)

Amorces de conversation

"오늘 초과근무 하실 거예요? (Are you doing overtime today?)"

"어제 초과근무 몇 시간 하셨어요? (How many hours of overtime did you do yesterday?)"

"초과근무 수당은 잘 나오나요? (Does the overtime pay come out well?)"

"초과근무를 줄이는 좋은 방법이 있을까요? (Are there any good ways to reduce overtime?)"

"우리 팀은 초과근무가 너무 많은 것 같아요. (I think our team has too much overtime.)"

Sujets d'écriture

오늘 초과근무를 했다면 그 이유를 써 보세요. (If you did overtime today, write the reason.)

초과근무 수당으로 무엇을 하고 싶나요? (What do you want to do with your overtime pay?)

초과근무가 없는 직장과 연봉이 높은 직장 중 무엇을 선택하겠습니까? (Between a job with no overtime and a high-paying job, which would you choose?)

한국의 초과근무 문화에 대한 당신의 생각은 무엇입니까? (What are your thoughts on Korea's overtime culture?)

초과근무를 피하기 위한 당신만의 시간 관리 비법은? (What is your secret time management tip to avoid overtime?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

초과근무는 법정 시간을 넘겨 일하는 모든 경우를 포함하는 공식적인 용어입니다. 반면 야근은 주로 '밤늦게까지 일하는 것'을 의미하며 일상 대화에서 훨씬 자주 쓰입니다.

한국 근로기준법에 따르면, 초과근무(연장근무) 수당은 보통 통상 임금의 1.5배(150%)를 지급해야 합니다.

아니요. 원칙적으로 근로자의 동의가 필요합니다. 하지만 많은 회사에서 분위기나 계약 조건상 거절하기 어려운 경우가 많습니다.

주 52시간제는 법정 근로시간 40시간에 최대 초과근무 12시간을 합친 것입니다. 이를 넘기면 회사가 처벌을 받을 수 있습니다.

법적으로는 없어야 하지만, 인사 고과나 승진에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 우려 때문에 많은 이들이 초과근무를 합니다.

네, 정해진 시작 시간보다 일찍 출근하여 업무를 시작한다면 그것도 초과근무에 해당할 수 있습니다.

네, '보상 휴가제'를 운영하는 회사의 경우 수당 대신 그만큼의 유급 휴가를 줄 수 있습니다.

나중에 수당을 청구하기 어려워집니다. 따라서 공식적인 시스템이나 개인적인 기록을 남겨두는 것이 중요합니다.

포괄임금제는 일정 시간의 초과근무 수당이 월급에 미리 포함된 계약입니다. 그 시간을 넘어서 일한다면 추가로 받을 수 있어야 합니다.

장기적인 초과근무는 심혈관 질환, 수면 장애, 번아웃 증후군 등을 유발할 수 있어 주의가 필요합니다.

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Teste-toi 192 questions

writing

Translate to Korean: 'I did 2 hours of overtime today.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Check for '오늘', '초과근무', '2시간', and '했어요'.