It is the formal term for overtime work, often used in legal and professional contexts regarding labor regulations.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Work performed beyond the officially designated working hours.
- Legally recognized term often associated with overtime pay.
- Used in formal business settings and labor law contexts.
Overview
- 1概要：時間外労働とは、企業が定めた就業時間（所定労働時間）を超えて働くことを指します。法律用語としては、労働基準法で定められた「法定労働時間（1日8時間、週40時間）」を超えた労働を指すことが多く、これには割増賃金の支払いが義務付けられています。
使用パターン：ビジネス文書や就業規則、労使協定の話題で頻繁に使われます。「時間外労働を命じる」「時間外労働を削減する」「時間外労働手当を支給する」といった動詞と組み合わせて使用するのが一般的です。
- 1一般的な文脈：職場での業務効率化の議論や、政府による働き方改革の文脈でよく耳にします。特に、過労死防止やワークライフバランスが叫ばれる現代日本において、企業が管理すべき重要な指標の一つとなっています。
- 1類語との比較：「残業」は日常会話で最も広く使われる言葉ですが、少しカジュアルな響きがあります。一方、「時間外労働」は公的な書類や契約、ニュースなどのフォーマルな場に適した表現です。「超過勤務」という言葉も似ていますが、こちらは公務員や特定の職種で好まれる傾向があります。
Examples
先月は時間外労働が多すぎて疲れました。
everydayI was exhausted because I had too much overtime last month.
時間外労働の削減に向けた取り組みを強化します。
formalWe will strengthen our efforts to reduce overtime work.
時間外労働手当は給与明細で確認できます。
informalYou can check your overtime pay on your payslip.
日本における時間外労働の現状と課題について考察する。
academicI will examine the current status and issues of overtime work in Japan.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
時間外労働の上限規制
Upper limit regulation for overtime work
時間外労働を申請する
Apply for overtime work
時間外労働の記録
Record of overtime work
Often Confused With
Zangyo is informal and used in daily conversation. Jikangai-rodo is the formal, legal term.
Choka-kinmu is often used for public servants or specific professional roles, whereas Jikangai-rodo is universal in private companies.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
This term is strictly formal and should be used in professional, legal, or academic settings. Avoid using it in casual conversation with friends, as '残業' is much more natural. It is essential when discussing labor contracts or HR policies.
Common Mistakes
Beginners often use '残業' in formal documents where '時間外労働' is required. Also, some confuse it with '休日出勤' (working on holidays), which is a separate legal category. Always check if the context refers to daily hours or calendar days.
Tips
Use in formal reports
Always use '時間外労働' instead of '残業' when writing formal business reports or emails to superiors. It sounds much more professional and precise.
Legal implications in contracts
Be careful when reading employment contracts. '時間外労働' often refers to specific legal definitions that might include 'fixed overtime' (minashi-zangyo).
The importance of Work-Life Balance
In Japan, reducing '時間外労働' is a major social goal. Companies are now evaluated by how well they manage and limit these hours.
Word Origin
The word is a compound of '時間' (time), '外' (outside), and '労働' (labor). It describes the objective state of working outside the designated time frame.
Cultural Context
In Japan, '時間外労働' is a significant social issue often linked to 'Karoshi' (death from overwork). Consequently, the government has implemented strict laws to limit it, making this term highly relevant in modern Japanese society.
Memory Tip
Think of 'Time-Outside-Labor'. '時間' (Time) + '外' (Outside) + '労働' (Labor) = Overtime.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions意味はほぼ同じですが、使われる場面が異なります。「残業」は日常会話で広く使われ、「時間外労働」は契約書や就業規則などのフォーマルな場で使われます。
はい、法定労働時間を超える時間外労働には、労働基準法に基づいた割増賃金の支払いが必要です。企業はこれを適切に計算し、給与として支払う義務があります。
働き方改革では、時間外労働の上限規制が設けられました。これにより、企業は長時間労働を是正し、従業員の健康を守ることが強く求められています。
時間外労働は「1日の所定時間を超えた労働」を指すのに対し、休日労働は「法定休日（週1回など）に働くこと」を指します。割増率が異なる場合があります。
Test Yourself
今月はプロジェクトが忙しく、___が多くなってしまった。
文脈的に、忙しくて労働時間が増えたことを指すため「時間外労働」が適切です。
時間外労働とは何を指しますか？
定義通り、所定労働時間を超えた労働を指します。
（削減 / 会社は / 努めている / 時間外労働を）
主語、目的語、述語の順序が正しい選択肢です。
Score: /3
Summary
It is the formal term for overtime work, often used in legal and professional contexts regarding labor regulations.
- Work performed beyond the officially designated working hours.
- Legally recognized term often associated with overtime pay.
- Used in formal business settings and labor law contexts.
Use in formal reports
Always use '時間外労働' instead of '残業' when writing formal business reports or emails to superiors. It sounds much more professional and precise.
Legal implications in contracts
Be careful when reading employment contracts. '時間外労働' often refers to specific legal definitions that might include 'fixed overtime' (minashi-zangyo).
The importance of Work-Life Balance
In Japan, reducing '時間外労働' is a major social goal. Companies are now evaluated by how well they manage and limit these hours.
Examples
4 of 4先月は時間外労働が多すぎて疲れました。
I was exhausted because I had too much overtime last month.
時間外労働の削減に向けた取り組みを強化します。
We will strengthen our efforts to reduce overtime work.
時間外労働手当は給与明細で確認できます。
You can check your overtime pay on your payslip.
日本における時間外労働の現状と課題について考察する。
I will examine the current status and issues of overtime work in Japan.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More work words
調整
A1The act of making small changes to something to achieve a desired fit, function, or balance. In a work context, it specifically refers to coordinating schedules or aligning different opinions to reach an agreement.
有利な
B1Advantageous or favorable.
承知する
B1To acknowledge, agree; to be aware of and consent to something.
年収
B1Annual income; yearly salary.
応募
B1To apply for a position, a competition, a prize, or a public offer. It indicates a proactive step to participate in something.
応募する
B1To apply for a job or position.
勤怠
B1Attendance record; presence or absence from work.
係員
A2Person in charge; attendant.
～と同時に
B1At the same time as, simultaneously with.
ぎんこういん
A2Bank employee.
