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A2 noun #1,000 le plus courant 11 min de lecture

如此

rú cǐ Top 1,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 如此 en 30 secondes

Explication 如此 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 如此 is generally considered too advanced and formal for beginners to use actively. Beginners are primarily focused on basic survival vocabulary and simple sentence structures. Instead of learning 如此, A1 students should focus entirely on its everyday, spoken equivalent: 这样 (zhè yàng) or 这么 (zhè me). These colloquial terms are essential for expressing concepts like 'like this' or 'so' in daily conversations. For example, if an A1 student wants to say 'It is so big', they should learn to say '这么大' (zhè me dà) rather than attempting to use the highly formal 如此. However, it is still beneficial for A1 learners to be briefly introduced to the existence of 如此 as a 'book word' or a 'formal word' that they might occasionally hear in movies or see in signs, so they are not completely confused when they eventually encounter it. The primary goal at this stage is recognition rather than production. Understanding that Chinese has different words for spoken and written contexts is a crucial foundational concept that will help learners as they progress to higher levels.

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At the A2 level, learners begin to encounter a wider variety of texts and slightly more formal situations, making it the perfect time to formally introduce 如此. At this stage, 如此 should be understood primarily as the formal, written counterpart to the colloquial 这样 (like this) and 这么 (so). A2 students should learn to recognize 如此 in simple reading passages, such as short news snippets, formal notices, or graded readers. They should understand its two main functions: as an adverb meaning 'so' (e.g., 如此美丽 - so beautiful) and as a pronoun meaning 'like this' (e.g., 既然如此 - since it is like this). While A2 learners are not expected to use 如此 frequently in their own spoken Chinese, they should start incorporating it into their writing exercises when they want to sound more polite or formal. It is also important at this level to learn the very common conversational idiom 原来如此 (So that's how it is!), which is an exception to the rule that 如此 is only for formal writing. Mastering this idiom gives A2 learners a natural-sounding way to express sudden understanding in daily conversations.

At the B1 level, learners are expected to have a solid grasp of the distinction between formal and informal Chinese, and 如此 becomes an active part of their vocabulary. B1 students should confidently use 如此 in their written compositions, essays, and formal emails to elevate the tone of their writing. They need to master the grammatical rule that 如此, when used as an adverb, strongly prefers to modify two-character adjectives (e.g., 如此重要 rather than 如此重). Furthermore, B1 learners should understand how to use 如此 to modify nouns by adding the particle 的 (e.g., 如此的决定 - such a decision). At this stage, students will encounter 如此 frequently in authentic materials, such as news articles, opinion pieces, and literature. They should be able to comprehend its function as a cohesive device, referring back to complex situations described earlier in a text. Practice at the B1 level should focus on transforming informal sentences using 这样 into formal sentences using 如此, ensuring that the surrounding vocabulary is also elevated to match the formal register.

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At the B2 level, the usage of 如此 becomes more nuanced and sophisticated. Learners are expected to understand and produce complex sentence structures where 如此 plays a pivotal role. This includes mastering a variety of fixed expressions and four-character idioms (成语) that incorporate 如此, such as 理当如此 (it ought to be so) and 仅此而已 (that is all there is to it - related concept). B2 students should be able to use 如此 seamlessly in debates, formal presentations, and academic discussions to articulate their points with precision and authority. They must also be highly sensitive to register, knowing exactly when 如此 is appropriate and when it would sound overly pedantic. In reading comprehension, B2 learners will encounter 如此 in dense, abstract texts, where it serves to summarize complex arguments or highlight the extreme nature of a phenomenon. Writing exercises at this level should demand the natural integration of 如此 to create cohesive, professional, and stylistically mature paragraphs.

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At the C1 level, learners possess near-native proficiency and can manipulate 如此 with stylistic flair. They understand the classical Chinese (文言文) origins of the word and how this history influences its modern usage. C1 students use 如此 not just for grammatical correctness, but for rhetorical effect, employing it to create emphasis, rhythm, and emotional resonance in their speech and writing. They are comfortable using advanced patterns like '竟如此...' (to actually be so...) to express surprise or indignation. At this level, learners can effortlessly navigate between the colloquial 这样 and the formal 如此, often using them strategically within the same discourse to shift tone or emphasize a point. They will encounter 如此 in highly literary texts, philosophical essays, and classical poetry adaptations, fully grasping its subtle connotations. C1 learners should also be able to identify and correct subtle prosodic errors in the use of 如此 made by lower-level learners.

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At the C2 level, the mastery of 如此 is absolute. The learner uses it with the intuitive grace of a highly educated native speaker. At this stage, 如此 is deeply integrated into the learner's linguistic repertoire, used effortlessly in the most demanding academic, professional, and literary contexts. C2 learners appreciate the aesthetic qualities of 如此, understanding how its disyllabic structure contributes to the cadence and balance of formal Chinese prose. They can analyze the historical evolution of the term and its usage across different eras of Chinese literature. In their own production, they use 如此 to craft elegant, persuasive, and sophisticated arguments, demonstrating a profound command of Chinese syntax and stylistics. They are also fully capable of playing with the word, using it in creative or unconventional ways for specific literary effects, while always maintaining a deep awareness of its core meaning and traditional constraints.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

如此 en 30 secondes

Means 'so', 'such', or 'like this'.
Highly formal, used mostly in writing.
The formal version of 这样 or 这么.
Often used in idioms like 原来如此.

The Chinese vocabulary word 如此 is an incredibly fascinating and highly versatile term that frequently appears in both formal written texts and sophisticated spoken discourse. When we analyze the morphological structure of this word, we find that it consists of two distinct characters: 如, which translates to 'like' or 'as', and 此, which translates to 'this' or 'here'. Therefore, when combined, the literal translation of 如此 is 'like this' or 'in this way'. However, its usage extends far beyond this simple literal translation, encompassing meanings such as 'so', 'such', and 'to such an extent'. Understanding the nuances of 如此 is absolutely essential for any learner of the Chinese language who wishes to transition from a basic, conversational level to a more advanced, fluent, and culturally aware level of communication. In modern Chinese, 如此 is predominantly used in formal contexts, literature, news broadcasts, and professional settings, serving as a more elegant and refined alternative to the colloquial expression 这样. When people use 如此, they are often emphasizing the degree or the specific manner of an action, a state of being, or a situation. For instance, if someone wants to express that a landscape is breathtakingly beautiful, they might say that it is '如此美丽', which carries a much stronger emotional resonance and literary weight than simply saying '这么漂亮'. This elevation in register is a key characteristic of 如此. Furthermore, 如此 is frequently employed in comparative structures and idiomatic expressions, where it acts as a crucial grammatical pivot. It is important to note that while 如此 is highly formal, it is not entirely absent from everyday speech; rather, it appears in specific fixed phrases or when the speaker deliberately adopts a more serious or dramatic tone. The versatility of 如此 allows it to function as a pronoun, substituting for a previously mentioned situation or concept, thereby avoiding repetition and enhancing the cohesion of the discourse. As an adverb, it modifies adjectives and verbs, intensifying their meaning and providing a clear indication of extent or manner. The mastery of 如此 requires a deep appreciation of its historical roots in Classical Chinese, where both 如 and 此 were extremely common functional words. This classical heritage is what gives 如此 its distinctive formal flavor today. When you encounter 如此 in a text, it is often a signal that the author is conveying a profound observation, a strong emotion, or a definitive conclusion. Therefore, learning to recognize and use 如此 appropriately will significantly enrich your Chinese vocabulary and improve your ability to comprehend and produce high-level Chinese texts.

Morphology: The combination of 'like' and 'this' creates a powerful demonstrative pronoun and adverb.

Register: Highly formal, often used in written Chinese, literature, and professional speeches.

Function: Acts as an intensifier or a demonstrative substitute for a previously described situation.

风景如此美丽。

事情竟然如此复杂。

理当如此。

原来如此。

既然如此，我们就走吧。

Using 如此 correctly in sentences requires a solid understanding of its grammatical functions and syntactic placement within the Chinese language structure. As an adverb of degree, 如此 is typically placed directly before an adjective or a psychological verb to emphasize the extent or intensity of that adjective or verb. For example, in the sentence '天气如此炎热' (The weather is so hot), 如此 modifies the adjective '炎热' (hot), amplifying its meaning to 'so hot' or 'hot to such an extent'. This structure is highly productive and can be used with a vast array of adjectives, provided they are compatible with formal registers. It is crucial to note that 如此 is rarely used with single-character adjectives in modern Chinese; instead, it strongly prefers two-character adjectives, which aligns with the prosodic tendency of formal Chinese to favor disyllabic words for rhythmic balance and aesthetic appeal. Therefore, saying '如此好' is less common and less natural than saying '如此优秀' or '如此美好'. In addition to its role as an adverb, 如此 frequently functions as a demonstrative pronoun, referring back to a previously stated fact, situation, or proposition. In this capacity, it often appears at the beginning of a clause or as the object of certain verbs. For instance, the phrase '既然如此' (Since it is like this / Since this is the case) is a standard transitional phrase used to draw a conclusion based on preceding information. Similarly, the idiom '原来如此' (So that's how it is / That explains it) uses 如此 to encapsulate the entire explanation or revelation that the speaker has just comprehended. When 如此 is used as a pronoun, it serves as a highly efficient cohesive device, linking sentences and paragraphs together smoothly without the need for cumbersome repetition. Another important syntactic pattern involves the use of 如此 to modify nouns, though this usually requires the structural particle 的. For example, '如此的成就' translates to 'such an achievement'. This pattern highlights the extraordinary nature of the noun being modified. Mastering these various sentence structures will enable you to deploy 如此 with precision and elegance, significantly enhancing the sophistication of your Chinese expression.

Adverbial Usage: Placed before two-character adjectives to mean 'so' or 'to such an extent'.

Pronominal Usage: Used to represent a whole situation, often in phrases like 既然如此.

Attributive Usage: Combined with 的 to modify nouns, meaning 'such a'.

他为何如此激动？

取得如此的成绩，实属不易。

面对如此困境，我们必须团结。

事实正是如此。

我从未见过如此厚颜无耻之人。

While 如此 is inherently a formal word with strong roots in written Chinese, it is by no means restricted solely to the pages of books and newspapers. You will actually hear this word quite frequently in various real-world contexts, particularly those that demand a certain level of seriousness, professionalism, or dramatic effect. One of the most common places you will encounter 如此 is in news broadcasts and journalistic reporting. News anchors and reporters frequently use 如此 to describe the magnitude of an event, such as '如此巨大的损失' (such a huge loss) or '如此恶劣的天气' (such severe weather). The use of 如此 in these contexts adds weight and authority to the reporting, underscoring the significance of the news being delivered. Another prominent domain where 如此 is frequently heard is in formal speeches, presentations, and debates. Politicians, business leaders, and academics rely on 如此 to emphasize their points, articulate complex situations, and persuade their audiences. For example, a CEO might say, '在如此激烈的竞争中' (in such fierce competition) to highlight the challenges facing their company. Furthermore, 如此 is a staple in Chinese television dramas, movies, and theatrical performances, especially historical dramas (古装剧) and serious contemporary dramas. Scriptwriters use 如此 to elevate the dialogue, making it sound more poetic, dramatic, and emotionally resonant. Characters might exclaim '你竟敢如此！' (How dare you act like this!) in a moment of intense conflict. In everyday conversation, while people generally prefer the more colloquial 这样, you will still hear 如此 in specific fixed expressions and idioms that have seamlessly integrated into daily speech. The most ubiquitous of these is undoubtedly '原来如此' (So that's how it is), which is used constantly by people of all ages and backgrounds when they experience a moment of realization. Another common phrase is '既然如此' (Since that is the case), which is used to smoothly transition to a logical conclusion or decision based on the current circumstances. Therefore, while you might not use 如此 to describe your everyday breakfast, you will absolutely hear it and need to understand it in a wide variety of important and engaging contexts.

News Media: Used to emphasize the scale or severity of reported events.

Formal Speeches: Employed by professionals to articulate complex scenarios with authority.

Everyday Idioms: Present in common phrases like 原来如此 and 既然如此.

新闻报道了如此严重的事故。

在如此关键的时刻，我们不能退缩。

哦，原来如此，我终于明白了。

既然如此，那就算了吧。

他竟然如此对待自己的朋友。

When learning to use the formal and nuanced word 如此, students frequently encounter several common pitfalls and make specific mistakes that can disrupt the natural flow and grammatical accuracy of their Chinese sentences. One of the most prevalent errors is the inappropriate mixing of registers. Because 如此 is inherently formal and literary, using it in highly casual, everyday contexts can sound incredibly awkward, pretentious, or even comical to a native speaker. For instance, saying '这个苹果如此好吃' (This apple is so delicious) instead of the natural '这个苹果这么好吃' is a classic example of register mismatch. The word 如此 is simply too heavy and formal for describing a piece of fruit in a casual setting. Another major mistake involves prosody and rhythm, specifically the tendency of learners to pair 如此 with single-character adjectives. In modern Chinese, formal vocabulary strongly prefers disyllabic (two-character) pairings to maintain a balanced and aesthetically pleasing rhythm. Therefore, writing '他如此高' (He is so tall) is grammatically understandable but stylistically poor; it should be corrected to '他如此高大' or simply changed to the colloquial '他这么高'. Furthermore, learners often struggle with the structural particle 的 when using 如此 to modify nouns. A common error is omitting 的 when it is strictly required. For example, saying '如此成就' instead of the correct '如此的成就' (such an achievement) can sometimes sound incomplete, although in highly classical or extremely condensed literary contexts, the 的 might be dropped. However, for standard modern formal Chinese, including the 的 is the safest and most accurate approach. Additionally, students sometimes confuse 如此 with other degree adverbs like 很 (very) or 非常 (extremely). While they all indicate a high degree, 如此 specifically carries the demonstrative meaning of 'so' or 'to this specific extent', often implying a comparison or a reaction to a context that has just been established. It is not merely a generic intensifier. Finally, misusing fixed idioms containing 如此 is another area of difficulty. For example, using '原来如此' in a context where the speaker already knew the information, rather than experiencing a sudden realization, demonstrates a misunderstanding of the idiom's pragmatic function. Avoiding these common mistakes requires careful attention to context, register, and the rhythmic conventions of the Chinese language.

Register Mismatch: Using the highly formal 如此 in casual, everyday spoken situations.

Prosodic Errors: Pairing 如此 with single-character adjectives instead of two-character ones.

Omitting 的: Forgetting to use 的 when 如此 modifies a noun.

错误：这只狗如此小。 (Too formal for a dog)

正确：这只狗这么小。

错误：他如此好。 (Rhythmically unbalanced)

正确：他如此优秀。

错误：取得如此成功。 (Missing 的)

The Chinese language is incredibly rich in vocabulary, offering numerous synonyms and alternatives to 如此, each with its own specific nuances, register, and appropriate context of use. Understanding these distinctions is vital for achieving near-native fluency and precision in expression. The most direct and common alternative to 如此 is 这样 (zhè yàng) or 这么 (zhè me). These words share the exact same core meaning of 'like this', 'so', or 'such', but they belong to a completely different register. 这样 and 这么 are the standard, go-to words for everyday, colloquial spoken Chinese. When chatting with friends, ordering food, or describing daily events, you would almost exclusively use 这样 or 这么. For example, '天气这么热' (The weather is so hot) is the natural spoken equivalent of the formal '天气如此炎热'. Another closely related term is 那么 (nà me) or 那样 (nà yàng), which translates to 'like that' or 'so (to that extent)'. While 如此 and 这么 refer to something close to the speaker or just mentioned (this), 那么 refers to something further away or hypothetical (that). In formal writing, an alternative to 如此 is 般 (bān), often used in the structure '像...一般' (like...), which conveys a similar sense of comparison but with a more poetic and descriptive flavor. For instance, '如同仙境一般' (like a fairyland) serves a similar descriptive purpose as '如此美丽'. Furthermore, the classical Chinese word 若此 (ruò cǐ) is an even more archaic and literary synonym for 如此, though it is rarely used in modern Chinese outside of highly stylized historical literature or poetry. When expressing a high degree, words like 极其 (jí qí - extremely), 异常 (yì cháng - exceptionally), and 格外 (gé wài - particularly) can sometimes substitute for 如此 in its adverbial function, though they lack the demonstrative 'this' aspect that 如此 possesses. Choosing the right alternative depends entirely on the formality of the situation, the rhythmic needs of the sentence, and the specific shade of meaning the speaker wishes to convey. By mastering this network of related words, learners can significantly expand their expressive capabilities.

这样 / 这么: The colloquial, everyday equivalents of 如此. Use these in spoken Chinese.

那么 / 那样: Means 'like that' or 'so', pointing to something further away or hypothetical.

极其 / 非常: Adverbs of extreme degree, lacking the demonstrative 'this' aspect of 如此.

口语：怎么会这样？

书面：为何会如此？

口语：他这么聪明。

书面：他如此聪慧。

比较：不要那样做。

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

In classical Chinese literature, you will often see the phrase '如是' (rú shì) used in exactly the same way as '如此'. '如是' is heavily used in Buddhist sutras translated into Chinese, which famously begin with '如是我闻' (Thus have I heard). '如此' became the more dominant secular term over time.

Guide de prononciation

UK /rǔ tsʰì/

US /rǔ tsʰì/

Both syllables are generally stressed equally, but in a sentence, the word following 如此 (the adjective it modifies) often carries the primary sentence stress.

Rime avec

彼此 (bǐ cǐ) 因此 (yīn cǐ) 从此 (cóng cǐ) 至此 (zhì cǐ) 就此 (jiù cǐ) 特此 (tè cǐ) 在此 (zài cǐ) 借此 (jiè cǐ)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'ru' as the English 'roo' without the proper Chinese 'r' sound, which is slightly retroflex.
Pronouncing 'ci' as 'see'. It must be a 'ts' sound, like in 'cats'.
Failing to pronounce the third tone of 此 correctly, making it sound like a flat first tone.
Putting too much pause between 如此 and the adjective it modifies. They should flow together.
Using a falling tone (4th tone) on 如 instead of the correct rising tone (2nd tone).

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Very common in written texts; easy to recognize once learned.

Écriture 7/5

Requires understanding of register and prosody (pairing with two-character adjectives).

Expression orale 6/5

Used mostly in fixed idioms like 原来如此; using it freely in speech sounds unnatural.

Écoute 5/5

Easy to hear in news or formal speeches, but might be missed in fast, casual conversation where it's rare.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

这 (this) 样 (appearance/shape) 这样 (like this - informal) 那么 (like that - informal) 很 (very)

Apprends ensuite

因此 (therefore) 因而 (thus/as a result) 从而 (thereby) 犹如 (just like) 如同 (like/as if)

Avancé

截然不同 (completely different) 大相径庭 (widely different) 理所当然 (as a matter of course) 顺理成章 (logical and natural) 无出其右 (unmatched/none better)

Grammaire à connaître

Adverbs of Degree Modifying Adjectives

天气如此炎热。 (The weather is so hot.)

Demonstrative Pronouns as Cohesive Devices

既然如此，我们就放弃吧。 (Since it is so, let's give up.)

The Structural Particle 的 for Noun Modification

如此的成就令人敬佩。 (Such an achievement is admirable.)

Prosodic Constraints in Formal Chinese (Disyllabic preference)

如此优秀 (Correct) vs. 如此好 (Incorrect/Awkward).

Fixed Idiomatic Structures (成语)

原来如此 (So that's how it is.)

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Exemples par niveau

原来如此！

So that's how it is!

This is a fixed idiom. Treat it as a single vocabulary item at A1.

是如此吗？

Is it so?

A simple question format, though a bit formal for A1.

我不知道原来如此。

I didn't know it was like this.

Combining basic 'I don't know' with the idiom.

哦，原来如此。

Oh, I see.

Very common conversational reaction.

事情如此。

The matter is so.

Very basic subject + predicate structure.

不要如此。

Don't be like this.

Imperative structure.

为何如此？

Why so?

Formal way to ask why.

确实如此。

Indeed it is so.

A common short phrase of agreement.

天气如此美丽。

The weather is so beautiful.

如此 modifying a two-character adjective.

既然如此，我们走吧。

Since it is so, let's go.

既然如此 is a very common A2 transitional phrase.

他为什么如此生气？

Why is he so angry?

如此 modifying a psychological verb/adjective.

事实就是如此。

The fact is just like this.

如此 acting as the object of the verb 是.

我希望如此。

I hope so.

A very common and useful fixed expression.

生活就是如此。

Life is just like this.

Used to express acceptance of a situation.

他如此努力学习。

He studies so hard.

如此 modifying an adverbial phrase.

没想到会如此。

I didn't expect it to be like this.

Used after verbs of thinking or expecting.

取得如此的成就，非常不容易。

To achieve such success is not easy at all.

如此 + 的 + Noun structure.

面对如此巨大的困难，我们不能放弃。

Facing such huge difficulties, we cannot give up.

如此 modifying a complex adjective phrase.

这部电影如此感人，我都哭了。

This movie is so touching, I even cried.

如此 used to show extreme degree leading to a result.

情况既然如此，我们需要新计划。

Since the situation is like this, we need a new plan.

Using 既然如此 in a more complex sentence context.

他竟然如此无礼，让我很惊讶。

He was unexpectedly so rude, which surprised me a lot.

Combining 竟然 (unexpectedly) with 如此 for emphasis.

只有如此，我们才能成功。

Only in this way can we succeed.

如此 used to indicate the sole method or condition.

风景如此迷人，让人流连忘返。

The scenery is so charming that it makes people linger and forget to return.

Formal descriptive language suitable for B1.

理当如此，这是你的责任。

It ought to be so; this is your responsibility.

Introducing the formal phrase 理当如此.

在如此激烈的市场竞争中，创新是关键。

In such fierce market competition, innovation is key.

Used in professional, business-oriented contexts.

尽管面临如此严峻的挑战，他依然保持乐观。

Despite facing such severe challenges, he remains optimistic.

Complex sentence structure with 尽管 (although).

历史的发展往往就是如此，充满曲折。

The development of history is often just like this, full of twists and turns.

Philosophical or abstract usage of 如此.

他对此事的态度如此冷漠，令人费解。

His attitude towards this matter is so cold, which is puzzling.

High-level vocabulary (冷漠, 令人费解) paired with 如此.

如此一来，所有的问题都迎刃而解了。

In this way, all problems are easily solved.

The phrase 如此一来 (thus / in this way) is a key B2 connector.

这篇文章写得如此深刻，值得反复阅读。

This article is written so profoundly that it is worth reading repeatedly.

Modifying an abstract quality (深刻).

既然事实如此，再争论下去也没有意义。

Since the facts are so, there is no point in arguing further.

Formal argumentation structure.

他能有如此的造诣，全靠多年的刻苦钻研。

That he can have such attainments is entirely due to years of hard study.

Advanced vocabulary (造诣, 刻苦钻研) integrated with 如此.

世事变幻莫测，往往不尽如人意，但理应如此。

The affairs of the world are unpredictable and often unsatisfactory, but it is reasonably so.

Highly literary and philosophical sentence structure.

面对如此浩瀚的宇宙，人类显得何其渺小。

Facing such a vast universe, how insignificant humanity appears.

Poetic and grand scale description.

此项政策若能如此贯彻下去，必将惠及子孙后代。

If this policy can be implemented in this way, it will surely benefit future generations.

Formal political or administrative discourse.

他行事如此乖张，难怪会众叛亲离。

He acts so perversely; no wonder he is deserted by his followers.

Use of advanced, slightly archaic vocabulary (乖张, 众叛亲离).

纵然前路如此崎岖，吾亦往矣。

Even if the road ahead is so rugged, I shall still go.

Incorporating classical Chinese elements (纵然, 吾亦往矣).

艺术的魅力恰恰在于其能如此直击人心。

The charm of art lies precisely in its ability to strike the human heart so directly.

Abstract aesthetic discussion.

如此这般，事情的来龙去脉便十分清晰了。

Thus and so, the entire sequence of events becomes very clear.

Using the idiom 如此这般 to summarize a complex narrative.

他之所以如此愤世嫉俗，皆因早年遭遇了太多不公。

The reason he is so cynical is entirely because he encountered too much injustice in his early years.

Complex causal relationship structure (之所以...皆因...).

大道至简，宇宙的终极法则或许不过如此。

The great truth is extremely simple; the ultimate law of the universe is perhaps nothing more than this.

Deep philosophical statement using 不过如此 (nothing more than this).

古人云‘逝者如斯夫’，时光之流逝确乎如此，不舍昼夜。

The ancients said 'The departed are like this river'; the passing of time is indeed so, ceasing neither day nor night.

Seamless integration of classical quotes and modern formal Chinese.

观其行文，气势磅礴，能有如此笔力者，当世罕见。

Observing his writing, the momentum is majestic; those who possess such writing power are rare in this age.

Literary critique using highly specialized vocabulary.

人性之幽暗与光辉，往往在如此极端的境遇下才得以淋漓尽致地展现。

The darkness and brilliance of human nature are often only fully revealed under such extreme circumstances.

Profound psychological and sociological observation.

倘若历史可以假设，即便当初不如此决断，结局亦未必能尽如人意。

If history could be hypothesized, even if such a decision had not been made back then, the outcome might not necessarily have been satisfactory.

Complex hypothetical and concessive clauses.

他以如此决绝的姿态告别政坛，留给后人无尽的喟叹。

He bid farewell to the political arena with such a resolute posture, leaving endless sighs for later generations.

Highly evocative and dramatic narrative style.

万物生生不息，其内在的机理本就如此精妙绝伦。

All things grow and multiply endlessly; their internal mechanisms are inherently so exquisitely wonderful.

Scientific or philosophical awe expressed with advanced phrasing.

纵观全局，牵一发而动全身，局势之所以如此波诡云谲，实乃多方博弈之果。

Looking at the overall situation, a slight move affects the whole; the reason the situation is so treacherous and unpredictable is truly the result of multi-party games.

Mastery of idioms and complex geopolitical/strategic discourse.

Collocations courantes

如此美丽

如此重要

既然如此

原来如此

理当如此

如此这般

如此一来

如此而已

如此巨大

如此的N

Phrases Courantes

原来如此

— An exclamation meaning 'So that explains it!' or 'I see!'. Used when you suddenly understand something.

听你这么一解释，我才明白，原来如此！

既然如此

— A conjunction phrase meaning 'Since this is the case' or 'If so'. Used to draw a conclusion based on a stated fact.

既然如此，那我们就取消计划吧。

如此一来

— Meaning 'Thus', 'In this way', or 'As a result'. Used to show the consequence of an action.

你提前做好了准备，如此一来，就不会慌乱了。

理当如此

— Meaning 'It ought to be so' or 'It is only right and proper'. Used to express that something is completely justified.

他犯了错受罚，那是理当如此。

仅此而已

— Meaning 'That is all' or 'Nothing more'. Often used with 如此 to emphasize limitation.

我只是个普通员工，仅此而已。

如此这般

— Meaning 'Thus and so' or 'Like this and like that'. Used to summarize a detailed explanation without repeating it all.

他把我拉到一边，如此这般地交代了一番。

不过如此

— Meaning 'Nothing more than this' or 'Not as good as expected'. Used to express mild disappointment.

大家都说那家餐厅好吃，我去试了，觉得也不过如此。

不仅如此

— Meaning 'Not only that' or 'Furthermore'. Used to add more information to a previous statement.

他不仅聪明，不仅如此，他还非常努力。

事实如此

— Meaning 'The fact is so' or 'That is the truth'. Used to confirm a reality.

虽然很难接受，但事实如此。

果真如此

— Meaning 'If it is really so' or 'It turned out to be exactly like that'.

如果果真如此，那我们就有麻烦了。

Souvent confondu avec

如此 vs 这样

这样 is the informal, spoken equivalent of 如此. Use 这样 with friends, use 如此 in essays.

如此 vs 那么

那么 means 'like that' or 'so' (pointing away), whereas 如此 means 'like this' or 'so' (pointing near).

如此 vs 因此

因此 means 'therefore' or 'because of this'. 如此 means 'like this' or 'so'. They look similar but have different grammatical functions.

Expressions idiomatiques

"原来如此"

— So that's how it is; That explains it.

哦，原来如此，我错怪你了。

Neutral/Everyday

"理所当然"

— (Related concept) It goes without saying; as a matter of course. Often paired with concepts of 如此.

照顾父母是理所当然的事。

Formal

"不过如此"

— Merely thus; nothing more than this (often implying something is not as great as rumored).

这部被吹捧的电影，我看也不过如此。

Neutral

"如此这般"

— Thus and so; describing a situation in detail (often used as a placeholder in storytelling).

他对我如此这般说了一通，我才明白。

Literary/Narrative

"仅此而已"

— That is all; nothing more.

我只是想提醒你一下，仅此而已。

Formal

"依然故我"

— (Related concept) Still one's old self; remaining the same (like before/like this).

多年不见，他依然故我。

Literary

"如出一辙"

— (Related concept) Exactly the same; cut from the same cloth.

这两起案件的手法如出一辙。

Formal

"长此以往"

— (Related concept) If things go on like this for long.

长此以往，你的身体会垮掉的。

Formal

"一如既往"

— (Related concept) Just as in the past; as always.

我们将一如既往地支持你。

Formal

"顺理成章"

— (Related concept) Logical and natural; to follow as a matter of course (because things are 'so').

他努力了这么久，升职是顺理成章的事。

Formal

Facile à confondre

如此 vs 这样

Both mean 'like this' or 'so'.

这样 is colloquial and used in daily speech. 如此 is formal and used in writing or formal speeches.

口语：天气这么热。书面：天气如此炎热。

如此 vs 因此

Both contain the character 此 and are formal words.

因此 is a conjunction meaning 'therefore' (showing cause and effect). 如此 is an adverb/pronoun meaning 'like this' or 'so'.

因为下雨，因此比赛取消了。(Therefore) vs. 比赛如此精彩。(So)

如此 vs 那么

Both can translate to 'so' in English.

那么 implies 'like that' (distal), while 如此 implies 'like this' (proximal). 那么 is also informal.

不要那么做。(Don't do that.) vs. 为何如此？(Why like this?)

如此 vs 非常

Both are used to intensify adjectives.

非常 just means 'very' or 'extremely'. 如此 means 'so' or 'to this specific extent', often referring back to a context.

他非常高。(He is very tall.) vs. 他如此高大。(He is so tall [as we can see/as just described].)

如此 vs 如是

Classical synonym of 如此.

如是 is almost exclusively used in Buddhist texts or extremely archaic literary contexts. 如此 is the standard modern formal term.

如是我闻 (Thus have I heard - Buddhist sutra).

Structures de phrases

原来如此。

哦，我明白了，原来如此。

既然如此，...

既然如此，我们明天再讨论。

如此 + [Two-Character Adjective]

这幅画如此美丽。

如此 + 的 + [Noun]

取得如此的成功不容易。

只有如此，才能...

只有如此，才能解决问题。

之所以如此，是因为...

他之所以如此生气，是因为你迟到了。

竟 + 如此 + [Adjective/Verb]

他竟如此对待自己的父母。

...，不过如此。

传说中的绝世武功，看来也不过如此。

Famille de mots

Apparenté

如 (like/as)

此 (this)

这样 (like this)

那么 (like that)

因此 (therefore)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Highly frequent in written Chinese and formal speech; moderately frequent in daily spoken Chinese (mostly via idioms).

Erreurs courantes

这个汉堡如此好吃。 → 这个汉堡这么好吃。
Using 如此 to describe everyday items like a hamburger in a casual setting is a register mismatch. 如此 is too formal. Use 这么 instead.
他如此高。 → 他如此高大。 (or 他这么高)
如此 strongly prefers to modify two-character adjectives to maintain the rhythmic balance of formal Chinese. 高 is only one character.
取得如此成就。 → 取得如此的成就。
When 如此 modifies a noun, you generally need to include the structural particle 的 to connect them properly in modern standard Chinese.
因为下雨，如此我们不去了。 → 因为下雨，因此我们不去了。
Confusing 如此 (so/like this) with 因此 (therefore). 因此 is the conjunction used to show cause and effect.
我知道了，原来如此！ → 哦，原来如此！
Saying '我知道了' (I knew it) contradicts '原来如此' (So THAT'S how it is - implying you didn't know before). Use it only for sudden realizations.

Astuces

The Two-Character Rule

Always pair 如此 with a two-character adjective (e.g., 如此重要) to maintain the formal rhythm of the sentence. Avoid single-character adjectives.

Colloquial vs. Formal

When translating 'so' in your head, use 这么 for speaking and 如此 for writing. This simple rule will fix 90% of register mistakes.

Master '原来如此'

If you only learn one thing about 如此 for spoken Chinese, learn the phrase 原来如此. It makes you sound incredibly natural when you realize something.

Elevate Your Essays

Replace 这样 with 如此 in your Chinese essays. It instantly makes your writing look more sophisticated and mature to examiners.

Smooth Connections

Use 既然如此 (Since it is so) to start a sentence when you are drawing a conclusion based on the previous sentence's facts.

Don't Forget '的'

When modifying a noun, remember the structure: 如此 + 的 + Noun. For example, 如此的决定 (such a decision).

Watch the News

Tune into Chinese news broadcasts. You will hear 如此 used constantly to describe the severity or scale of events.

Dramatic Effect

In creative writing, use 竟如此 (unexpectedly so) to express strong shock or indignation about a character's actions.

Learn '不过如此'

Use 不过如此 when you want to express that something is 'nothing special' or 'not as good as people say'. It's a great critical phrase.

Classical Roots

Remember that 如此 comes from ancient Chinese. Treating it with respect as a 'book word' will help you use it in the right contexts.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a RULER (如 - ru) pointing at a specific CITY (此 - ci) on a map, saying 'It is SO big, exactly LIKE THIS!' RULER + CITY = ru ci = so/like this.

Association visuelle

Visualize a person in a very formal suit (representing the formal register) holding their hands apart to show the size of a fish, saying 'It was SO big!' with the characters 如此 floating between their hands.

Word Web

如此 -> 如 (like) -> 此 (this) -> 这样 (informal synonym) -> 那么 (opposite demonstrative) -> 原来如此 (common idiom) -> 既然如此 (grammar pattern) -> 如此美丽 (adjective collocation)

Défi

Try to replace '这样' with '如此' in three sentences you wrote recently, and notice how the tone instantly becomes more formal and serious.

Origine du mot

The word 如此 comes directly from Classical Chinese (文言文). The character 如 (rú) originally meant 'to comply' or 'to follow', and later evolved to mean 'like' or 'as'. The character 此 (cǐ) is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'here'. Together, they literally mean 'like this'. In ancient texts, they were often used independently but frequently appeared adjacent to each other, eventually fusing into the modern disyllabic word we use today.

Sens originel : Like this; resembling this situation.

Sino-Tibetan -> Sinitic -> Chinese

Contexte culturel

There are no specific cultural sensitivities or offensive connotations associated with 如此. It is a highly safe and respectable word to use.

English speakers often struggle with 如此 because English 'so' or 'such' doesn't change based on whether you are writing an essay or talking to a friend. In Chinese, the register dictates the vocabulary choice.

The phrase '原来如此' is a staple in almost every Chinese detective or mystery drama when the protagonist solves the case. Many classical poems use '如此' to describe grand landscapes, such as '江山如此多娇' (The rivers and mountains are so charming) from a famous poem by Mao Zedong. The phrase '不过如此' is often used in martial arts novels (Wuxia) when a master defeats an opponent who was rumored to be invincible.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Formal Writing/Essays

取得如此成就
面临如此挑战
如此复杂的局面
之所以如此

News Broadcasts

造成如此巨大的损失
引起如此广泛的关注
如此恶劣的天气
如此重大的事件

Professional Meetings

既然如此
如此一来
只有如此
事实确实如此

Realizations/Epiphanies

原来如此
果真如此
不过如此
竟然如此

Literature/Poetry

风景如此秀丽
人生如此短暂
如此佳人
如此江山

Amorces de conversation

"听完你的解释，我才恍然大悟，原来如此！"

"既然如此，你对这个项目有什么新的建议吗？"

"面对如此激烈的竞争，你觉得我们该怎么办？"

"大家都说那部电影很好看，你看完觉得不过如此吗？"

"如果事实果真如此，我们必须马上采取行动。"

Sujets d'écriture

描述一个让你感叹“原来如此”的瞬间。你发现了什么秘密？

回忆一次你面临“如此巨大困难”的经历，你是如何克服的？

你认为现代社会为什么会变得如此快节奏？写下你的看法。

想象你到了一个风景“如此美丽”的地方，详细描述你看到的一切。

写下一件你认为“理当如此”的社会规则，并解释为什么。

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Generally, no. It sounds too formal and unnatural. Instead of saying '这个菜如此好吃' (This dish is so delicious), you should say '这个菜这么好吃'. However, you CAN and SHOULD use fixed idioms like '原来如此' (So that's how it is) in daily conversation.

Formal Chinese has a strong preference for rhythmic balance, specifically disyllabic (two-character) words. Because 如此 is a formal, two-character word, it pairs best with a two-character adjective like 美丽. Pairing it with a single-character adjective like 美 sounds abrupt and unbalanced.

因此 means 'therefore' or 'as a result'. It connects a cause to an effect. 如此 means 'like this' or 'so'. It describes the manner or degree of something. For example, '因为他努力，因此他成功了' (Because he worked hard, therefore he succeeded). '他如此努力' (He works so hard).

In modern standard Chinese, yes. You should say '如此的成就' (such an achievement). Omitting the 的 (e.g., 如此成就) is possible in very condensed, classical-style writing, but for general formal writing, including 的 is grammatically safer and clearer.

It is an idiom that translates to 'So that's how it is' or 'That explains it'. You use it when you suddenly understand something that was previously confusing or unknown to you. It is one of the few 如此 phrases used constantly in casual speech.

No, 如此 is not a verb. It functions primarily as an adverb of degree (meaning 'so') or a demonstrative pronoun (meaning 'like this'). It cannot take an object or be conjugated with aspect markers like 了, 过, or 着.

Yes, the usage, register, and grammatical rules for 如此 are identical across all regions that use Standard Chinese, including Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. It is a core part of the formal written language.

You can use the phrase '并非如此' (bìng fēi rú cǐ), which is a formal way of saying 'That is not the case' or 'It is not so'. For example, '大家都以为他很有钱，其实并非如此' (Everyone thought he was rich, but that is actually not the case).

There isn't a single direct antonym, but phrases like '截然不同' (completely different) or '大相径庭' (widely different) express the opposite idea of things being 'like this' or 'the same as this'.

Yes, especially when it is part of a transitional phrase like '既然如此' (Since it is so) or '如此一来' (In this way / Thus). These phrases are excellent for connecting paragraphs or ideas in an essay.

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