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A2 noun #2,000 よく出る 5分で読める

مصروفات

masrufat 上位2,000

練習する例文メモとヒント مصروفات 30秒で

解説 مصروفات in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might not use the word 'Masroufat' (مصروفات) often, as it is a bit formal. Instead, you focus on simple words like 'money' (فلوس/نقود) or 'price' (سعر). However, you might hear it when people talk about 'house money' or 'pocket money'. At this stage, just recognize that it means 'money spent'. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'The expenses are many' (المصروفات كثيرة). It is important to know that it is the plural of 'Masrouf'. If you see it on a bill or a sign in a shop, know that it refers to costs. Beginners should focus on the basic sound of the word and its connection to spending. You might see it in a simple dialogue where someone asks 'How much are the expenses?' (كم المصروفات؟). Understanding this word helps you transition from basic shopping vocabulary to more general life management vocabulary. It is a 'building block' word for talking about your daily life in an Arabic-speaking environment. Even at A1, knowing that 'at' at the end makes it plural is a great grammar win.

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At the A2 level, 'Masroufat' (مصروفات) becomes a very useful word for describing your daily routine and responsibilities. You are now expected to talk about your budget, your school fees, or your travel costs. You can start pairing it with simple adjectives like 'daily' (يومية) or 'monthly' (شهرية). For example, 'My monthly expenses are high' (مصروفاتي الشهرية عالية). You should also understand the difference between 'Masrouf' (allowance/singular expense) and 'Masroufat' (general expenses). At this level, you are learning to categorize your life, and 'Masroufat' is the perfect category for everything you pay for. You will encounter this word in reading exercises about family life or simple business transactions. It is also common in listening exercises where someone is planning a trip and calculating the costs. Learning this word helps you move away from just saying 'I bought this' to 'These are my expenses'. It shows a higher level of organization in your language use. You should practice using it with the verb 'to have' (عندي مصروفات) or 'to pay' (أدفع المصروفات).

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'Masroufat' (مصروفات) in more complex contexts, such as discussing financial planning or explaining why you cannot afford something. You can use it with verbs like 'to reduce' (خفض) or 'to increase' (زاد). For instance, 'I need to reduce my expenses to save money' (أحتاج إلى خفض مصروفاتي لأوفر المال). You will also start seeing it in more formal texts, such as news articles about the economy or company reports. At this level, you should understand the nuance between 'Masroufat' and 'Nafaqat' (expenditures). You might use it to discuss social issues, like the rising 'living expenses' (مصروفات المعيشة). You are also expected to handle the grammar correctly, ensuring that adjectives agree with this non-human plural in the feminine singular form. In a conversation, you might use it to give advice to a friend about their spending habits. It is no longer just a word for 'bills'; it is a concept for 'financial management'. You should be able to write a short paragraph about your personal budget using this term effectively.

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At the B2 level, 'Masroufat' (مصروفات) is used in professional and academic discussions. You will use it to talk about 'operating expenses' (مصروفات تشغيلية) or 'administrative expenses' (مصروفات إدارية) in a business context. You should be able to analyze a budget and discuss where the 'Masroufat' are going. This level requires you to understand the word within the framework of economic systems. You might hear it in a lecture about corporate finance or read it in a detailed analysis of a country's fiscal policy. You can use it to form complex arguments, such as 'The increase in operating expenses led to a decrease in net profit'. Your vocabulary should now include collocations like 'unexpected expenses' (مصروفات غير متوقعة) or 'fixed expenses' (مصروفات ثابتة). You are also expected to use it in formal writing, such as a business proposal or a formal complaint about overcharging. At B2, you understand that 'Masroufat' is a technical term in accounting, and you can distinguish it from 'Takaleef' (costs) based on whether you are talking about the act of spending or the cost of production.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 'Masroufat' (مصروفات) and its stylistic variations. You can use it in sophisticated debates about macroeconomics or corporate strategy. You understand the subtle difference between 'Masroufat' and 'Nafaqat' in legal and governmental texts, where 'Nafaqat' might imply a mandatory or statutory obligation, while 'Masroufat' might be more operational. You can use the word metaphorically or in highly specialized phrases like 'accrued expenses' (مصروفات مستحقة). Your use of the word is precise; you choose it over synonyms to convey a specific tone of professional objectivity. In a C1 level essay, you might discuss the 'rationalization of expenses' (ترشيد المصروفات) as a strategy for economic sustainability. You are also aware of how the word is used in classical versus modern contexts, and you can identify it in complex literature or high-level journalism. You can navigate financial documents with ease, identifying various categories of 'Masroufat' and discussing their implications for a company's valuation or a project's feasibility.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'Masroufat' (مصروفات) is equivalent to that of a native speaker with a high level of education. You can use the word in any context, from a casual joke about personal spending to a high-stakes negotiation about multi-million dollar budgets. You understand the historical evolution of the root 'S-R-F' and how it branched into 'Masroufat'. You can appreciate the word's use in formal rhetoric, where it might be used to emphasize the burden of a state or an individual. You can discuss the 'Masroufat' of a historical empire or the 'Masroufat' of a futuristic space program with equal precision. At this level, you can also identify and use rare or archaic forms related to the word if necessary. You can critique financial reports not just for their content, but for their use of terminology, including how they categorize 'Masroufat'. Your command of the language allows you to use the word with perfect grammatical accuracy and stylistic flair, making it part of a rich, nuanced, and highly effective vocabulary.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

مصروفات 30秒で

Masroufat means expenses or money spent.
It is the plural of Masrouf.
Commonly used in personal budgeting and business accounting.
It is a feminine plural noun in Arabic grammar.

The word مصروفات (Masroufat) is the plural form of مصروف (Masrouf). At its core, it represents the act of 'spending' or 'expending' resources, primarily financial. In the Arabic language, the root ص-ر-ف (S-R-F) relates to turning, changing, or diverting. When applied to money, it signifies the diversion of wealth from your pocket to a service or product.

Core Concept: Financial outgoings required to maintain a lifestyle or business.

زادت مصروفات العائلة هذا الشهر بسبب العيد.

The family's expenses increased this month because of the Eid.

In a daily context, this word covers everything from your morning coffee to your monthly rent. It is a neutral term, neither inherently positive nor negative, though in modern discourse, it is often discussed in the context of 'reduction' or 'budgeting'.

يجب علينا تسجيل كل المصروفات اليومية.

Grammar Note: It is a sound feminine plural (جمع مؤنث سالم), ending in 'at'.

تتضمن مصروفات الشركة الرواتب والإيجار.

When you look at a bank statement in Arabic, you will likely see this word at the top of the column listing your payments. It is more formal than 'spending' (صرف) but less technical than 'fiscal outlays' (نفقات مالية), making it the perfect middle-ground word for learners.

هل يمكنك تقليل مصروفاتك الشخصية؟

هذه مصروفات غير ضرورية.

Etymology: Derived from 'Sarf', which also means 'to exchange currency'.

Using مصروفات correctly involves understanding its role as a collective noun for costs. It is frequently paired with adjectives to specify the type of spending. For example, 'monthly expenses' is مصروفات شهرية.

Common Adjectives: Daily (يومية), Monthly (شهرية), Annual (سنوية), Unexpected (طارئة).

لدينا مصروفات طارئة هذا الأسبوع.

In a sentence, it usually acts as the subject or object. Because it is a plural noun, the adjectives following it are often feminine singular (e.g., مصروفات كثيرة). This is a standard rule for non-human plurals in Arabic.

كانت المصروفات عالية جداً.

In professional settings, you might encounter the term مصروفات تشغيلية (operating expenses). This is vital for business students. In personal life, you might talk about مصروفات الدراسة (tuition/study expenses).

Verb Pairings: To reduce (خفض), To cover (غطى), To calculate (حسب).

كيف نغطي هذه المصروفات؟

When you are traveling, you might ask about مصروفات السفر. It is a versatile word that fits into almost any conversation involving money. Unlike 'Saman' (price), which refers to a single item, 'Masroufat' refers to the cumulative total of spending.

سأقوم بحساب مصروفات الرحلة.

انخفضت المصروفات بنسبة 10%.

Professional Usage: Commonly found in balance sheets and financial reports.

You will hear مصروفات in a variety of environments, ranging from the dinner table to the boardroom. It is a fundamental word in the lexicon of adulthood and responsibility.

At Home: Parents discussing the monthly budget and how to manage 'Masroufat al-bayt'.

علينا تنظيم مصروفات البيت.

In the news, specifically economic segments, anchors will talk about 'Masroufat al-hukuma' (government expenditures). This is a key term for understanding national budgets and economic crises.

الحكومة تحاول تقليل المصروفات العامة.

In educational institutions, students and parents often discuss 'Masroufat al-madrasa' (school fees/expenses). This includes tuition, books, and uniforms.

In Business: Accountants use it to categorize every riyal or dirham that leaves the company.

أين هي فواتير المصروفات؟

If you are using a banking app in Arabic, the section showing your debits will likely be labeled 'Masroufat'. Understanding this word is essential for financial literacy in an Arabic-speaking country.

هناك مصروفات بنكية إضافية.

الحياة في هذه المدينة تتطلب مصروفات كبيرة.

Travel: Tourists often ask about 'Masroufat al-ma'isha' (cost of living) before visiting.

One of the most frequent errors for learners is confusing مصروفات with its singular form مصروف in the wrong context. While 'Masrouf' can mean 'pocket money' or 'allowance' for a child, 'Masroufat' almost always refers to general expenses.

Mistake 1: Using the singular 'Masrouf' when talking about a list of business costs.

خطأ: هذا مصروف الشركة. (Better: هذه مصروفات الشركة)

Another common mistake is phonological. Learners sometimes confuse it with مصرف (Masraf), which means 'bank'. While they share the same root, their meanings are distinct. You go to the 'Masraf' to pay your 'Masroufat'.

لا تخلط بين المصروفات والمصرف.

Grammatically, remember that 'Masroufat' is a non-human plural. Therefore, do not use masculine plural adjectives with it. Use feminine singular adjectives. Saying مصروفات كثيرون is incorrect; it should be مصروفات كثيرة.

Mistake 2: Incorrect gender agreement with adjectives.

صح: مصروفات متنوعة. (Correct: Diverse expenses)

Finally, some learners use 'Masroufat' when they actually mean 'price' (Si'r). 'Masroufat' is the money you *already spent* or *plan to spend* as a total, whereas 'Si'r' is the tag on a specific item in a shop.

ما هو سعر هذا؟ (Not: ما هي مصروفات هذا؟)

تجنب المصروفات غير الضرورية.

Note on Dialect: In some dialects, people say 'Masarif', but 'Masroufat' is the standard for formal and clear communication.

Arabic has several words for costs and spending, and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific context. مصروفات is the most versatile, but here are its cousins:

نفقات (Nafaqat): More formal than Masroufat. Often used for government spending or legal alimony (نفقة).

النفقات الحكومية في تزايد.

تكاليف (Takaleef) means 'costs'. This is used when talking about the price of producing something or the effort/cost required to achieve a goal. It focuses on the burden of the cost.

تكاليف الإنتاج مرتفعة جداً.

أثمان (Athman) is the plural of 'Thaman' (price). It is used specifically for the prices of goods. You wouldn't use it for 'electricity expenses' but you would for 'the prices of these cars'.

Comparison Table: Masroufat = General expenses; Nafaqat = Formal outlays; Takaleef = Production costs.

علينا موازنة المصروفات مع الدخل.

Lastly, صرف (Sarf) is the verbal noun. It refers to the *act* of spending. 'Masroufat' are the *items* or *amounts* spent. If you say 'Al-Sarf katheer', you mean 'the spending is a lot'. If you say 'Al-Masroufat katheera', you mean 'the expenses are many'.

قلل من مصروفاتك غير الهامة.

هذه المصروفات موثقة بالفواتير.

Final Note: Mastering these synonyms will make your Arabic sound much more natural and precise.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Sound Feminine Plural (جمع المؤنث السالم)

Non-human plural agreement

Idafa construction (Possessive)

Numbers with nouns

Adjective-Noun agreement

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レベル別の例文

هذه مصروفات البيت.

These are the house expenses.

Simple demonstrative pronoun 'hathihi' used with a plural noun.

كم المصروفات اليوم؟

How much are the expenses today?

Interrogative 'kam' followed by the definite noun.

المصروفات كثيرة جداً.

The expenses are very many.

Feminine singular adjective 'katheera' with non-human plural.

أريد تقليل المصروفات.

I want to reduce the expenses.

Verb 'ureed' followed by the verbal noun 'taqleel'.

هذه مصروفات المدرسة.

These are the school expenses.

Possessive construction (Idafa) between expenses and school.

أين سجل المصروفات؟

Where is the expenses record?

Question word 'ayna' used for location.

المصروفات زادت هذا الشهر.

The expenses increased this month.

Past tense verb 'zadat' in feminine form.

عندي مصروفات جديدة.

I have new expenses.

Prepositional phrase 'indi' to show possession.

يجب أن نحسب المصروفات الشهرية بدقة.

We must calculate the monthly expenses accurately.

Modal verb 'yajibu' followed by 'an' and present tense.

هل سجلت كل مصروفات الرحلة؟

Did you record all the trip expenses?

Past tense question with 'hal'.

المصروفات الشخصية تختلف من فرد لآخر.

Personal expenses differ from one person to another.

Present tense verb 'takhtalif' agreeing with the plural subject.

لا أستطيع تغطية كل هذه المصروفات.

I cannot cover all these expenses.

Negation 'la' with the verb 'astatee'.

المصروفات الإضافية كانت مفاجئة.

The additional expenses were surprising.

Past tense 'kanat' with feminine singular adjective.

كيف يمكننا خفض مصروفات الكهرباء؟

How can we lower the electricity expenses?

Interrogative 'kayfa' with 'yumkinuna'.

تتضمن الميزانية كل المصروفات المتوقعة.

The budget includes all expected expenses.

Verb 'tatadamman' (includes) in the present tense.

دفعنا مصروفات الدراسة مبكراً.

We paid the study expenses early.

Past tense 'dafana' (we paid).

يعاني الكثيرون من ارتفاع مصروفات المعيشة.

Many suffer from the rise in living expenses.

Verb 'yu'ani' (suffers) followed by the preposition 'min'.

عليك مراجعة مصروفاتك قبل نهاية الشهر.

You must review your expenses before the end of the month.

Prepositional phrase 'alayka' used as a command/advice.

تعتبر المصروفات الإدارية جزءاً كبيراً من الميزانية.

Administrative expenses are considered a large part of the budget.

Passive-like construction 'tu'tabar' (is considered).

هل هناك طريقة لتقليل مصروفات السفر؟

Is there a way to reduce travel expenses?

Existential 'hal hunaka' (is there).

المصروفات غير الضرورية ترهق الميزانية العائلية.

Unnecessary expenses strain the family budget.

Adjective 'ghayr daruriya' (unnecessary).

يتم تسجيل المصروفات في هذا الدفتر المحاسبي.

Expenses are recorded in this accounting book.

Passive construction 'yutamma tasjeel'.

انخفضت المصروفات بعد تغيير السياسة الجديدة.

Expenses decreased after changing to the new policy.

Verb 'inkhafadat' in the past tense.

نحن بحاجة إلى تقرير مفصل عن المصروفات.

We need a detailed report on the expenses.

Phrase 'bihaja ila' (in need of).

يجب تصنيف المصروفات إلى ثابتة ومتغيرة.

Expenses must be classified into fixed and variable.

Passive verb 'yujabu tasneef'.

تجاوزت المصروفات الفعلية الميزانية التقديرية.

Actual expenses exceeded the estimated budget.

Verb 'tajawazat' (exceeded).

تؤثر المصروفات التشغيلية بشكل مباشر على الأرباح.

Operating expenses directly affect profits.

Verb 'tu'athir' (affects) with the preposition 'ala'.

تم تخصيص مبلغ معين للمصروفات النثرية.

A certain amount has been allocated for petty cash expenses.

Term 'masroufat nathriya' (petty cash).

تسعى الشركة لترشيد المصروفات في ظل الأزمة.

The company seeks to rationalize expenses in light of the crisis.

Verbal noun 'tarsheed' (rationalization).

المصروفات الرأسمالية تتطلب موافقة مجلس الإدارة.

Capital expenditures require board approval.

Term 'masroufat ra'smaliya' (capital expenditures).

يتم خصم المصروفات من الدخل الإجمالي.

Expenses are deducted from the gross income.

Passive 'yutamma khasm'.

يجب تقديم الفواتير لإثبات المصروفات.

Invoices must be submitted to prove expenses.

Verbal noun 'ithbat' (proving/verification).

تخضع المصروفات الحكومية لرقابة صارمة من البرلمان.

Government expenditures are subject to strict oversight by Parliament.

Verb 'takhda' (is subject to).

أدى سوء إدارة المصروفات إلى عجز مالي كبير.

Poor management of expenses led to a significant financial deficit.

Causal construction 'adda ila' (led to).

يجب موازنة المصروفات الجارية مع الإيرادات المتوقعة.

Current expenses must be balanced with expected revenues.

Term 'masroufat jariya' (current expenses).

تعتبر المصروفات المستحقة التزاماً مالياً على الشركة.

Accrued expenses are considered a financial liability for the company.

Accounting term 'masroufat mustahaqqa'.

هناك تباين واضح في المصروفات بين القطاعين العام والخاص.

There is a clear disparity in expenses between the public and private sectors.

Noun 'tabayun' (disparity/variance).

يتطلب المشروع تحليلاً دقيقاً لكافة المصروفات المحتملة.

The project requires a precise analysis of all potential expenses.

Adjective 'muhtamala' (potential).

تم تدقيق المصروفات من قبل مكتب محاسبة خارجي.

The expenses were audited by an external accounting firm.

Verb 'tamma tadqeeq' (was audited).

تساهم التكنولوجيا في تقليص المصروفات الإدارية بشكل ملحوظ.

Technology contributes to significantly reducing administrative expenses.

Verb 'tusahim' (contributes) with 'fi'.

إن التوسع غير المدروس في المصروفات قد يقوض استقرار الدولة.

Ill-considered expansion in expenditures may undermine the state's stability.

Emphatic particle 'Inna' followed by a complex noun phrase.

تتجلى حكمة الإدارة في القدرة على كبح جماح المصروفات.

The wisdom of management is manifested in the ability to rein in expenses.

Metaphorical expression 'kabh jimah' (to rein in).

تعتبر المصروفات غير المنظورة تحدياً كبيراً للمخططين الماليين.

Unforeseen expenses are a major challenge for financial planners.

Term 'masroufat ghayr manzoura' (unforeseen/invisible expenses).

يجب أن تتماشى المصروفات مع الأهداف الاستراتيجية طويلة الأمد.

Expenses must align with long-term strategic goals.

Verb 'tatamasha' (to align/go along with).

تثير زيادة المصروفات العسكرية جدلاً واسعاً في الأوساط السياسية.

The increase in military expenditures sparks widespread debate in political circles.

Verb 'tutheer' (sparks/raises).

إن هيكلة المصروفات تعكس الأولويات الحقيقية لأي مؤسسة.

The structure of expenses reflects the true priorities of any institution.

Noun 'haykala' (structuring).

لا يمكن إغفال أثر التضخم على القيمة الحقيقية للمصروفات.

The impact of inflation on the real value of expenses cannot be overlooked.

Double negative construction 'la yumkin ighfal'.

تتطلب استدامة النمو مراجعة دورية وشاملة لكافة بنود المصروفات.

Growth sustainability requires a periodic and comprehensive review of all expense items.

Term 'bunood al-masroufat' (expense items/clauses).

よく使う組み合わせ

مصروفات شهرية

مصروفات يومية

مصروفات تشغيلية

مصروفات إدارية

مصروفات طارئة

مصروفات مدرسية

خفض المصروفات

زيادة المصروفات

تغطية المصروفات

تسجيل المصروفات

よく使うフレーズ

مصروفات المعيشة

مصروفات الجيب

مصروفات السفر

مصروفات الدراسة

مصروفات البيت

مصروفات النقل

مصروفات العلاج

مصروفات الصيانة

مصروفات الترفيه

مصروفات عامة

よく混同される語

مصروفات vs مصرف

مصروفات vs تصريف

مصروفات vs صراف

慣用句と表現

"كبح جماح المصروفات (To rein in expenses)"

"مصروفات لا تسمن ولا تغني من جوع (Useless expenses)"

"غرق في المصروفات (To be drowning in expenses)"

"فتح باب المصروفات (To start spending heavily)"

"ضبط المصروفات (To control spending)"

"مصروفات من كيسه (Expenses from his own pocket)"

"تجاوزت المصروفات السقف (Expenses exceeded the limit)"

"المصروفات تأكل الأرباح (Expenses are eating the profits)"

"حساب المصروفات بالمليم (Calculating expenses to the penny)"

"مصروفات في الهواء (Money wasted/spent on nothing)"

間違えやすい

مصروفات vs

文型パターン

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使い方

formal vs informal

'Masroufat' is standard; 'Masarif' is common in some dialects.

singular vs plural

Use 'Masrouf' for pocket money; 'Masroufat' for bills/costs.

よくある間違い

Saying 'Masroufat katheerun' instead of 'katheera'.
Confusing 'Masroufat' with 'Masraf' (bank).
Using it to mean 'price' of a single item.
Using the masculine plural form of verbs with it.
Spelling it with a 'Seen' instead of 'Sad'.

ヒント

Adjective Agreement

Always use feminine singular adjectives like 'katheera' with 'Masroufat'.

Business Arabic

Learn 'Masroufat Tashghiliya' for business contexts.

Social Talk

Complaining about 'Masroufat' is a common social icebreaker.

Root Link

Link it to 'Sarf' (spending/exchanging).

Formal Reports

Use it in tables and headers for financial data.

Natural Flow

Say 'Masroufat al-bayt' instead of 'floos al-bayt' to sound more natural.

News Keywords

Listen for it alongside 'Al-Mizaniya' (the budget).

Long Vowels

Ensure the 'oo' and 'aa' sounds are distinct.

Correct Context

Use it for the total sum of spending.

Flashcards

Put a picture of a bill on one side and 'Masroufat' on the other.

暗記しよう

語源

Arabic

文化的な背景

A growing trend in the middle class due to inflation.

Generosity often leads to high social expenses.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"كيف تدير مصروفاتك الشهرية؟"

"هل تعتقد أن مصروفات المعيشة مرتفعة هنا؟"

"ما هي أكبر مصروفاتك هذا العام؟"

"كيف يمكننا تقليل مصروفات البيت؟"

"هل تسجل مصروفاتك في تطبيق معين؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن مصروفاتك في العطلة الماضية.

كيف تغيرت مصروفاتك بعد العمل؟

ضع خطة لتقليل مصروفاتك غير الضرورية.

صف شعورك عندما تكون المصروفات أكثر من الدخل.

ما هي مصروفات الدراسة في بلدك؟

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, it specifically refers to financial expenditures.

Usually, 'Masrouf' is used for one, but 'Masroufat' is the general category.

Yes, it is understood everywhere, though local words exist.

You say 'مصروفات غير متوقعة' or 'مصروفات طارئة'.

It is feminine plural.

The singular is 'Masrouf'.

The singular 'Masrouf' often means allowance, but the plural doesn't.

Use the verb 'خفض' or 'تقليل'.

Yes, it is a standard accounting term.

The opposite is 'Iradaat' (revenues).

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