When something is prior, it means it happened or existed earlier than something else. Think of it as what came before. For example, if you have a prior appointment, it means you had an appointment at an earlier time. We often use it to talk about arrangements or information you had already. So, if you have prior knowledge about a topic, it means you knew about it already.
prior 30秒で
- Before in time or order
- Earlier in importance
- Pre-existing knowledge or arrangement
§ How to use it in a sentence — grammar, prepositions
The word "prior" can function as an adjective, an adverb, or even part of a fixed phrase. Understanding its grammatical role is key to using it correctly.
§ As an Adjective
When "prior" acts as an adjective, it typically means "existing or happening before." It is almost always followed by the preposition "to" when specifying the event or time it precedes.
- Grammar Note
- As an adjective, "prior" usually comes before the noun it modifies. It often implies a preceding condition, agreement, or event.
You need to obtain prior approval before making any changes.
She had no prior experience in coding, but she learned quickly.
The decision was made without any prior consultation with the team.
When used with "to", it acts more like a prepositional phrase, similar to "before".
Prior to the meeting, I sent out an agenda.
She lived in London prior to moving to Paris.
§ As an Adverb
While less common, "prior" can occasionally function as an adverb, meaning "earlier" or "beforehand." In this usage, it often appears at the end of a clause or sentence, or immediately after the verb it modifies.
- Grammar Note
- As an adverb, "prior" can sometimes be replaced with "previously" or "before."
I've met him prior at a conference.
Please submit your request a week prior.
§ Common Phrases with "Prior"
"Prior" is often found in formal or business contexts. Here are some common phrases:
- Prior notice/knowledge/consent/agreement: These phrases emphasize that something must be given or obtained beforehand.
- Prior to: As discussed, this acts as a prepositional phrase meaning "before."
The event was canceled due to lack of prior notice.
Do you have any prior knowledge of this software?
The company requires prior consent for data sharing.
難易度
The word 'prior' itself is not overly complex in its written form, but understanding its precise meaning and contextual nuances can be challenging for B2 learners. It's often encountered in more formal or academic texts, which can increase the reading difficulty.
Using 'prior' correctly in writing requires an understanding of its grammatical roles (adjective or adverb) and common collocations (e.g., 'prior to,' 'prior experience'). Learners might struggle with sentence construction and ensuring the word conveys the intended meaning accurately without sounding stilted or unnatural. For instance, knowing when to use 'prior' versus 'previous' or 'before' can be tricky.
Pronunciation of 'prior' is relatively straightforward, but integrating it naturally into spoken English at a B2 level can be challenging. Learners might hesitate or use it awkwardly if they are not fully confident with its usage and common phrasings. The nuance of when to use it in conversation, especially in more formal contexts, adds to the difficulty.
'Prior' is a common enough word in spoken English, especially in news, documentaries, or formal discussions, that B2 learners should be able to recognize it. Its pronunciation is clear and distinct, making it less prone to misinterpretation in listening. The difficulty would mainly come from understanding the full context of the sentence rather than the word itself.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
類義語
反対語
よくある質問
10 問Both 'prior' and 'previous' refer to something that happened earlier in time. However, 'prior' often implies a more direct or significant relationship to the current situation, or something that needed to be addressed beforehand. For example, you might say 'prior experience' when it's directly relevant to a job, whereas 'previous experience' could be any experience that came before.
Yes, 'prior' can be used as an adverb, often in the phrase 'prior to'. For instance, 'He arrived prior to the meeting.' In this case, 'prior to' functions similarly to 'before'.
Generally, yes. 'Prior to' is a prepositional phrase, so it's typically followed by a noun, noun phrase, or a gerund (verb ending in -ing acting as a noun). For example, 'prior to her departure' or 'prior to submitting the application'.
Some common collocations include 'prior notice,' 'prior knowledge,' 'prior approval,' 'prior arrangement,' and 'prior commitment.' These phrases emphasize something that existed or was done beforehand.
'Prior' is often used in more formal contexts than 'before'. While they can be interchangeable in some situations, 'prior' can add a nuance of formality or a sense of pre-condition. For example, 'You need prior authorization' sounds more official than 'You need authorization before'.
Yes, absolutely! While 'prior' is often associated with time, it can also refer to order or importance. For example, 'The first item on the agenda has prior importance.' Here, it refers to its position in a sequence or its greater significance.
No, 'prior' itself is neutral. The connotation (positive or negative) depends on the context of the sentence. 'Prior warning' can be helpful, while 'prior mistakes' can be negative.
In legal and official contexts, 'prior' is very common. You'll often see phrases like 'without prior consent,' 'prior conviction,' or 'prior art.' It emphasizes that something must have existed or occurred before a certain legal action or decision.
While 'prior' is primarily an adjective or part of the adverbial phrase 'prior to,' it can sometimes be used as a noun in very specific, often archaic or specialized contexts (e.g., referring to a monastic superior, a 'prior'). However, in everyday English, it's best to stick to its adjectival or adverbial use.
For 'We need prior agreement,' good synonyms would be 'preliminary agreement,' 'previous agreement,' or 'antecedent agreement.' These all convey the idea of an agreement that existed or was needed beforehand.
自分をテスト 36 問
What should I do before watching TV?
What did she do before going to school?
What does he do before sleeping?
Read this aloud:
I will clean my room prior to playing outside.
Focus: prior to
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
Please finish your dinner prior to eating dessert.
Focus: prior to
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
We must buy tickets prior to entering the museum.
Focus: prior to
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
The sentence describes an action (eating breakfast) that happens before another event (school). 'Prior to' indicates this sequence.
This sentence shows that reading a book happens before going to bed. 'Prior to' helps to order these events.
Washing hands happens before dinner. 'Prior to' is used to show this sequence of actions.
Imagine you are planning a surprise birthday party for a friend. Describe three things you need to do prior to the party to make sure it's a success.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Prior to the party, I need to send out invitations to all our friends. I also need to buy a cake and some decorations. Finally, I should prepare some fun music and games.
You are going on a trip next month. Write three sentences about what you need to do prior to your departure.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Prior to my trip, I need to pack my suitcase with all my clothes. I also have to book my train tickets. And before I leave, I should check the weather forecast.
Think about a time you learned something new. What knowledge did you have prior to learning it that helped you understand better?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Prior to learning to cook, I had some basic knowledge about ingredients from watching my mom in the kitchen. This previous exposure helped me understand the recipes more easily. I also knew a bit about kitchen safety.
What is the main reason for reviewing the agenda prior to the meeting?
Read this passage:
Before we start the meeting, we need to review the agenda. It's important to know what topics we will discuss. Having a clear plan prior to the meeting helps us use our time effectively and ensures we cover everything important.
What is the main reason for reviewing the agenda prior to the meeting?
The passage states that reviewing the agenda prior to the meeting 'helps us use our time effectively and ensures we cover everything important.'
The passage states that reviewing the agenda prior to the meeting 'helps us use our time effectively and ensures we cover everything important.'
According to the passage, when does Sarah prepare her schedule?
Read this passage:
Sarah always plans her week carefully. On Sunday evening, she writes down all her appointments and tasks for the upcoming days. She believes that having a clear schedule prior to Monday helps her stay organized and reduces stress throughout the week.
According to the passage, when does Sarah prepare her schedule?
The passage states, 'On Sunday evening, she writes down all her appointments and tasks for the upcoming days.'
The passage states, 'On Sunday evening, she writes down all her appointments and tasks for the upcoming days.'
What do students do prior to an exam to prepare?
Read this passage:
Many students prepare for exams by studying intensely in the days leading up to them. They often review notes, read textbooks, and do practice questions. This careful preparation prior to the exam helps them feel more confident and perform better.
What do students do prior to an exam to prepare?
The passage mentions that students 'review notes, read textbooks, and do practice questions' as part of their preparation prior to the exam.
The passage mentions that students 'review notes, read textbooks, and do practice questions' as part of their preparation prior to the exam.
The correct order forms a sentence stating that she had previous experience.
The words combine to form a sentence about the importance of getting approval beforehand.
This sentence instructs on the necessity of booking in advance.
Listen for the condition that influenced the committee's decision.
Pay attention to what she lacked but still managed to overcome.
Identify the reason for his absence and his feeling about it.
Read this aloud:
Can you elaborate on any prior arrangements that might impact our current project timeline?
Focus: prior arrangements, impact, project timeline
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
It is imperative that all stakeholders are apprised of any prior commitments before we finalize the contract.
Focus: imperative, apprised, prior commitments, finalize the contract
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
Reflect on how your prior academic achievements have prepared you for this demanding role.
Focus: reflect, prior academic achievements, demanding role
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence structure correctly places 'Prior to' at the beginning to indicate sequence in time before the main event (the merger), followed by the subject and verb.
The adjective 'prior' modifies 'experience', indicating that the experience existed before the current situation, and this structure is grammatically correct and natural.
Here, 'prior' acts as an adjective to 'authorization', specifying that permission must be obtained beforehand. The sentence correctly places the modifier.
/ 36 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'prior' indicates something that comes before in time, order, or importance, often related to previous plans or information.
- Before in time or order
- Earlier in importance
- Pre-existing knowledge or arrangement
例文
I cannot attend the wedding because I have a prior commitment that day.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
Timeの関連語
adalterward
C1A noun referring to the subsequent phase, state, or lingering consequence that follows a significant alteration or systemic change. It specifically denotes the period of adjustment or the residual effects resulting from a deliberate modification in structure or character.
advent
C1新しい時代や重要な発明、あるいは特別な人物の「到来」や「出現」を意味する言葉だよ。
aeons
C1An indefinitely long period of time; an age. Often used in the plural to exaggerate how long something takes or how much time has passed.
afternoon
A1お昼ごはんの後、夕方になる前の時間のことだよ。
age
A1Age refers to the amount of time a person has lived or an object has existed. It is also used to describe a particular period in history or a stage of life.
ago
A1Used to indicate a point in time that is a specific distance in the past from the present moment. It always follows a measurement of time, such as minutes, days, or years.
ahead
B1空間的または時間的に、より前方にいること。進行方向や、より進んだ状態を示します。
anniversary
C2An anniversary is the annual recurrence of a date that marks a significant past event, ranging from personal celebrations like weddings to historical commemorations. It serves as a temporal marker used to honor, celebrate, or reflect upon the importance of an occurrence over the span of years.
annual
C2To officially declare that a law, contract, marriage, or decision is legally void or invalid. It implies that the subject is cancelled in such a way that it is treated as though it never existed in the first place.
annually
C1The term describes an action or event that occurs once every year. It is frequently used to denote frequency in reports, ceremonies, or natural cycles that repeat on a twelve-month basis.
