Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The 'Pesh' is a small loop placed above a letter to indicate a short 'u' sound like in 'put'.
- Place the Pesh above the consonant: 'ب' + 'ُ' = 'bu'.
- Keep the sound short and clipped, never long like 'oo'.
- It is often omitted in casual writing but essential for beginners.
Pesh Formation
| Consonant | Diacritic | Result | Sound |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ب
|
ُ
|
بُ
|
bu
|
|
ت
|
ُ
|
تُ
|
tu
|
|
س
|
ُ
|
سُ
|
su
|
|
ک
|
ُ
|
کُ
|
ku
|
|
گ
|
ُ
|
گُ
|
gu
|
|
پ
|
ُ
|
پُ
|
pu
|
Meanings
The Pesh is a diacritic mark (tashkeel) used in Urdu script to represent the short vowel sound /ʊ/.
Short Vowel
Indicates the short 'u' vowel sound following a consonant.
“پُل (Pul - Bridge)”
“تُم (Tum - You)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Pronoun
|
اُ + س
|
اُس (His/Her)
|
|
Noun
|
پ + ُ + ل
|
پُل (Bridge)
|
|
Noun
|
گ + ُ + ل
|
گُل (Flower)
|
|
Pronoun
|
ت + ُ + م
|
تُم (You)
|
|
Noun
|
گ + ُ + ڑ
|
گُڑ (Jaggery)
|
|
Verb
|
ا + ُ + ت + ر
|
اُتر (Descend)
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
تُم جا رہے ہیں۔ (Daily conversation)
تُم جا رہے ہو۔ (Daily conversation)
تُم جا رہے ہو؟ (Daily conversation)
جا رہے ہو؟ (Daily conversation)
Pesh Concept Map
Sound
- Short Quick
Position
- Above Top of letter
レベル別の例文
تُم
You
پُل
Bridge
گُل
Flower
گُڑ
Jaggery
اُس کا نام کیا ہے؟
What is his/her name?
یہ پُل بہت پرانا ہے۔
This bridge is very old.
مجھے گُل پسند ہیں۔
I like flowers.
تُم کہاں جا رہے ہو؟
Where are you going?
اُس نے مجھے کتاب دی۔
He/She gave me the book.
گُلاب کا گُل بہت خوبصورت ہے۔
The rose flower is very beautiful.
تُم نے کھانا کھا لیا؟
Have you eaten?
پُل کے نیچے پانی ہے۔
There is water under the bridge.
اُس کی بات پر یقین کرنا مشکل ہے۔
It is hard to believe his/her words.
گُلِ لالہ کی خوبصورتی بے مثال ہے۔
The beauty of the tulip is unparalleled.
تُمہاری رائے کیا ہے؟
What is your opinion?
پُل کی تعمیر مکمل ہو چکی ہے۔
The construction of the bridge is complete.
اُس نے اپنی زندگی کا مقصد پا لیا۔
He/She found the purpose of his/her life.
گُلِ سرسبز و شاداب باغ میں کھلے ہیں۔
Fresh and lush flowers have bloomed in the garden.
تُمہارے بغیر یہ کام ممکن نہ تھا۔
Without you, this task was not possible.
پُل کے آر پار کا منظر دلفریب ہے۔
The view across the bridge is enchanting.
اُس کی دانشوری پر کوئی شک نہیں۔
There is no doubt about his/her wisdom.
گُلِ نایاب کی تلاش میں وہ نکل پڑا۔
He set out in search of a rare flower.
تُمہاری موجودگی نے محفل کو رونق بخشی۔
Your presence brought life to the gathering.
پُلِ صراط کا ذکر مذہبی کتب میں ملتا ہے۔
The mention of the Bridge of Sirat is found in religious books.
間違えやすい
Learners confuse the short Pesh sound with the long Wao sound.
Learners mix up the position of diacritics.
Learners confuse the vowel quality.
よくある間違い
Pooool
Pul
Pal
Pul
Pil
Pul
B-u-l
Bul
Oos
Us
Gool
Gul
Tummm
Tum
U-ter
Utr
G-u-r
Gur
P-u-l-l
Pul
Gool-e-lala
Gul-e-lala
Uss
Us
Tum-ah-ri
Tumhari
Pul-e-sirat
Pul-e-sirat
文型パターン
تُم ___ ہو؟
یہ ___ بہت بڑا ہے۔
اُس نے ___ کھایا۔
گُل ___ ہے۔
Real World Usage
تُم کہاں ہو؟
اُس کی رحمت
گُلِ لالہ
پُل پر چلو
تُم
تُم کیا کر رہے ہو؟
Focus on Duration
Don't Panic
Read Aloud
Religious Context
Smart Tips
Look for the loop above the letter.
Clip the sound short.
Don't worry about adding it in texts.
Check the position.
発音
Short Vowel
The Pesh creates a short /ʊ/ sound, similar to the 'u' in 'put'.
Flat
تُم (Tum)
Neutral statement
暗記しよう
記憶術
Pesh is a loop that looks like a 'u' and sits up high.
視覚的連想
Imagine a tiny bird (the Pesh) sitting on top of a letter, chirping a short 'u' sound.
Rhyme
A loop on top, a short 'u' sound, in every word it can be found.
Story
A little bird named 'Pesh' flew and landed on a bridge (Pul). It chirped a short 'u' sound. Then it flew to a flower (Gul) and chirped again.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Find 5 words in your textbook that have a Pesh and read them aloud 3 times each.
文化メモ
Pesh is used in religious texts and school books.
Used similarly in literary circles.
Essential for correct poetic recitation.
The Pesh originates from the Arabic Damma diacritic.
会話のきっかけ
تُم کیسے ہو؟ (How are you?)
یہ گُل کیسا ہے؟ (How is this flower?)
کیا تُم نے پُل دیکھا؟ (Did you see the bridge?)
اُس کی بات سچ ہے؟ (Is what he said true?)
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
ب_ (bu)
Which is 'Pul'?
Find and fix the mistake:
گال (should be Gul)
تُم / ہو / کیسے
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Pesh is...
تُم ___ ہو؟
Find and fix the mistake:
اِس (should be Us)
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesب_ (bu)
Which is 'Pul'?
Find and fix the mistake:
گال (should be Gul)
تُم / ہو / کیسے
گُل
Pesh is...
تُم ___ ہو؟
Find and fix the mistake:
اِس (should be Us)
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
It is often omitted in standard Urdu writing to save time.
No, it is a diacritic mark.
Keep it very short, like a quick 'u'.
No, it only changes the sound.
You can, but it is not common.
No, Wao is a long vowel.
To ensure perfect pronunciation.
It depends on your keyboard settings.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Damma
The usage frequency is higher in Arabic.
Vowel 'u'
Urdu uses a diacritic; Spanish uses a letter.
Vowel 'ou'
Urdu is phonetic via diacritics.
Vowel 'u'
Urdu diacritic vs German letter.
Hiragana 'u'
Syllabary vs diacritic system.
Pinyin 'u'
Pinyin is a separate system.
