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A1 conjunction #100 よく出る 12分で読める

ولكن

walakin 上位100

練習する例文メモとヒント ولكن 30秒で

解説 ولكن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you use 'ولكن' (wa-lakin) to connect two very simple ideas that are different from each other. Think of it as a bridge. For example, 'I like tea, but I don't like coffee.' At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar rules. Just remember to put it in the middle of the sentence to show a contrast. It helps you make your sentences longer and more interesting than just saying two short, separate things. You will mostly use it with simple adjectives (big but old) or basic verbs (I want to go but I am tired). It is one of the first 'linking words' you should learn because it allows you to express preferences and basic limitations in everyday life.

At the A2 level, you start using 'ولكن' to provide more detailed information and excuses. You might use it to describe people, places, or your daily routine with more nuance. For instance, 'The apartment is beautiful, but it is far from the city center.' You are also becoming aware of the 'wa' prefix and ensuring you don't forget it. At this level, you should be able to use 'ولكن' to join two full sentences correctly. You are also beginning to distinguish it from the word 'and' (wa), realizing that 'ولكن' signals a change in direction in the conversation. You might also start hearing 'bas' in songs or movies, but you should practice using 'wa-lakin' to build a strong foundation in standard Arabic.

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At the B1 level, you use 'ولكن' to handle more complex social and professional situations. You can use it to negotiate, give opinions, and explain problems in detail. For example, 'I agree with your point of view, but we must consider the budget.' You are now expected to know the difference between 'lakin' (the conjunction) and 'lakinna' (the particle that requires a noun in the accusative case). You use 'ولكن' to add 'shades of gray' to your arguments. You also start to recognize it in news broadcasts and short stories, understanding how it functions as a rhetorical device to shift the focus of a narrative or a report. Your sentences are becoming more balanced and logical.

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At the B2 level, you use 'ولكن' with precision in argumentative writing and formal debates. You understand its role in 'Istidrak' (rectification) and can use it to elegantly correct a previous statement or to introduce a counter-argument. You are also familiar with its formal alternatives like 'ghayra anna' and 'illa anna' and can choose the right word based on the context. You can follow 'ولكن' with more complex structures, such as 'ولكن في الوقت نفسه' (but at the same time). You are sensitive to the flow of the text and use 'ولكن' to ensure that your transitions between ideas are smooth and professional. You also understand its use in classical texts and how it differs slightly from modern usage.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the stylistic impact of 'ولكن'. You use it to create specific rhetorical effects, such as suspense or irony. You are aware of how the placement of 'ولكن' can change the emphasis of a whole paragraph. You can analyze its use in high-level literature, such as the works of Naguib Mahfouz or Taha Hussein, and understand the subtle nuances it brings to character dialogue and narrative descriptions. You are also comfortable using it in highly technical or academic contexts, where precision in contrast is vital. You can distinguish between the various classical interpretations of the word and its grammatical functions in complex sentence structures.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'ولكن' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You use it instinctively to navigate the most complex linguistic landscapes, from classical poetry to modern political analysis. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its relationship to other Semitic languages. You can use it to express the most subtle philosophical contrasts and to build intricate, multi-layered arguments. You are also aware of the rhythmic and phonetic qualities of the word and how it contributes to the 'Saj' (rhymed prose) or the overall flow of a sophisticated piece of writing. For you, 'ولكن' is not just a word, but a versatile tool for shaping thought and expression at the highest level.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

ولكن 30秒で

A common Arabic conjunction meaning 'but' or 'however', used to link two contrasting clauses in a sentence.
Composed of 'wa' (and) and 'lakin' (but), it is the standard way to express contrast in Modern Standard Arabic.
Unlike its relative 'lakinna', it does not change the grammatical case of the noun that follows it.
Essential for everyday conversation, news, and literature to provide nuances, excuses, and counter-arguments.

The Arabic word ولكن (wa-lakin) is a fundamental conjunction used to introduce a contrast or a contradiction to a previous statement. In English, it is most directly translated as 'but' or 'however.' It is composed of two parts: the prefix wa- (meaning 'and') and the particle lakin (meaning 'but'). While lakin can stand alone in some contexts, the combination wa-lakin is extremely common in Modern Standard Arabic to bridge two independent clauses where the second clause provides information that limits or opposes the first.

Grammatical Function: It acts as a coordinating conjunction that joins two sentences. Unlike its 'sister' lakinna, this version (ending in a sukun on the noon) does not change the case of the following noun.
Semantic Nuance: It is used for 'Istidrak' (rectification). This means it corrects a potential misunderstanding that the listener might have formed after hearing the first part of the sentence.

أريد أن أشتري السيارة، ولكن ليس عندي مال كافٍ.

Translation: I want to buy the car, but I do not have enough money.

In everyday conversation, you will hear this word constantly. It is the 'pivot' of an argument. If someone says something positive, they might follow up with wa-lakin to introduce a reality check or a limitation. It is essential for moving beyond simple sentences into complex, nuanced communication. It allows speakers to express hesitation, provide excuses, or refine their opinions with precision.

الجو جميل اليوم، ولكن السماء غائمة قليلاً.

Translation: The weather is beautiful today, but the sky is a little cloudy.

Register: It is neutral and can be used in formal literature, news broadcasts, and polite daily conversation. It is more formal than the Egyptian 'bas' (بس) but less archaic than some classical alternatives.

When using wa-lakin, the speaker is often acknowledging a truth in the first clause while asserting a more important or relevant truth in the second. This makes it a powerful tool for negotiation and diplomacy in Arabic culture, where direct disagreement is often softened by first agreeing with a point and then introducing the 'but'.

الخطة جيدة، ولكن التنفيذ صعب.

Translation: The plan is good, but the execution is difficult.

Understanding the difference between wa-lakin and lakinna is the hallmark of an intermediate learner. While wa-lakin is a simple connector, lakinna is a 'heavy' particle that requires a specific grammatical structure (the accusative case for the following noun). For beginners, sticking to wa-lakin is safer and covers 90% of communicative needs.

أنا متعب، ولكن سأكمل العمل.

Translation: I am tired, but I will finish the work.

Frequency: It is among the top 100 most used words in the Arabic language, appearing in almost every paragraph of argumentative or descriptive text.

الفيلم طويل، ولكن قصته ممتعة.

Translation: The movie is long, but its story is interesting.

Using ولكن effectively requires understanding its placement. It almost always sits in the middle of a sentence, acting as a bridge between two contrasting ideas. Unlike English, where you can sometimes start a sentence with 'But' for stylistic effect, Arabic prefers wa-lakin to be preceded by a clause or at least a comma in writing.

The 'Wa' Prefix: The 'wa' (و) is attached directly to 'lakin' (لكن). In modern writing, there is no space between them. It functions as a single unit of meaning.

تكلمتُ معه، ولكن لم يفهمني.

Translation: I spoke with him, but he did not understand me.

One of the most important aspects of using wa-lakin is the 'sukun' (the circle-shaped vowel marker) on the final letter 'noon'. This indicates that it is a light particle. If you were to put a 'shadda' (doubling sign) on the 'noon', it would become lakinna, which changes the grammar of the entire sentence. For beginners, always aim for the 'lakin' sound with a short, stopped 'n'.

هو ذكي جداً، ولكن هو كسول أحياناً.

Translation: He is very smart, but he is lazy sometimes.

You can use wa-lakin to contrast adjectives, verbs, or entire situations. It is the primary way to express 'on the other hand' without using more complex phrases. In formal writing, it is often preceded by a comma, though Arabic punctuation rules are more flexible than English ones. The key is the logical flow: [Statement A] + [wa-lakin] + [Contrasting Statement B].

Comparison with 'Bal': While 'bal' (بل) means 'rather' or 'but instead', 'wa-lakin' is used for general contrast. Use 'wa-lakin' when both statements are true but they conflict. Use 'bal' when you want to negate the first statement and replace it with the second.

السيارة قديمة، ولكن المحرك قوي.

Translation: The car is old, but the engine is strong.

In more advanced usage, wa-lakin can be followed by a pronoun. For example, 'wa-lakinahu' (but he) or 'wa-lakinaha' (but she). However, this is technically a contraction of 'lakinna' + pronoun. For the simple 'wa-lakin', you can just follow it with the independent pronoun like 'wa-lakin huwa' (but he). Both are understood, but the latter is simpler for learners.

نحن نحب السفر، ولكن لا نملك الوقت.

Translation: We love traveling, but we do not have the time.

Finally, remember that wa-lakin is a 'silent' worker in the sentence. It doesn't take much emphasis when speaking. The emphasis usually falls on the word immediately following it, which highlights the new, contrasting information. Practice saying it quickly, almost as if it's part of the next word.

الأكل لذيذ، ولكن هو حار جداً.

Translation: The food is delicious, but it is very spicy.

Sentence Structure Summary: [Clause 1] + [Comma] + [ولكن] + [Clause 2]. Clause 2 usually contains the 'surprise' or the 'limitation'.

The word ولكن is ubiquitous across the Arab world, though its pronunciation and frequency might vary slightly between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and various dialects. In formal settings, such as news reports on Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you will hear it used to balance different political viewpoints or to report on conflicting events. It is the language of objectivity and nuance.

In Media and News: News anchors use it to transition from a positive development to a challenge. For example: 'The economy is growing, wa-lakin inflation remains high.'

انتهى الاجتماع، ولكن لم يتم التوصل إلى قرار.

Translation: The meeting ended, but no decision was reached.

In academic lectures and religious sermons, wa-lakin is used to clarify theological or scientific points. A speaker might state a general rule and then use wa-lakin to introduce an important exception or a deeper layer of meaning. It is a word that signals to the audience: 'Pay attention, the next part is crucial for a full understanding.'

أنت على حق، ولكن انظر إلى الأمر من زاوية أخرى.

Translation: You are right, but look at the matter from another angle.

In literature and poetry, wa-lakin serves as a dramatic pivot. It can shift the mood of a poem from hope to despair, or from description to action. Famous Arab authors use it to create tension in their narratives. When a character says wa-lakin, the reader knows that a complication is coming.

Dialectal Variations: In Levantine or Egyptian dialects, you might hear 'bas' (بس) more frequently in casual talk. However, 'lakin' is still understood and used when the speaker wants to sound slightly more serious or precise.

البيت جميل، ولكن سعره مرتفع جداً.

Translation: The house is beautiful, but its price is very high.

In business meetings, wa-lakin is the word of negotiation. It is used to introduce 'terms and conditions'. 'We agree to the contract, wa-lakin we need to change the delivery date.' It is a word that balances cooperation with self-interest. If you are learning Arabic for professional reasons, mastering the placement of wa-lakin will help you navigate complex discussions more smoothly.

أحببتُ الكتاب، ولكن النهاية كانت حزينة.

Translation: I liked the book, but the ending was sad.

In Pop Culture: You will find it in song lyrics, especially in romantic ballads where a singer expresses love 'but' laments the distance or the pain. It is the word of the 'star-crossed lover'.

Even though ولكن seems simple, English speakers often make several recurring errors when integrating it into their Arabic. The most common mistake is confusing wa-lakin (the conjunction) with lakinna (the particle from 'Inna and her sisters'). This isn't just a pronunciation issue; it's a major grammatical error that affects the rest of the sentence.

The Lakin vs. Lakinna Confusion: Learners often say 'lakinna' when they mean 'but' in a general sense. Remember: 'lakinna' MUST be followed by a noun in the accusative (mansub) case or a pronoun suffix. 'Wa-lakin' is much more flexible and can be followed by verbs, nouns in any case, or even other particles.

خطأ: هو غني لكنَّ هو بخيل. (Incorrect grammar)
صح: هو غني ولكن هو بخيل. (Correct: He is rich but he is stingy.)

Another frequent error is the placement of the 'wa' (و). In English, we just say 'but'. In Arabic, while lakin is possible, using it without the wa when connecting two sentences can sound abrupt or incomplete in Modern Standard Arabic. Beginners often forget the wa, making their speech sound 'choppy' to native ears.

خطأ: أريد القهوة لاكن بدون سكر. (Spelling error)
صح: أريد القهوة ولكن بدون سكر. (Correct: I want coffee but without sugar.)

A third mistake involves using wa-lakin when bal (بل) is more appropriate. If you are correcting a negative statement, bal is the better choice. For example, 'I didn't buy the red one, but the blue one.' Using wa-lakin here sounds slightly off. Use wa-lakin for 'contrast' and bal for 'replacement'.

Starting Sentences: English speakers often start a new sentence with 'But...'. In Arabic, starting a sentence with 'ولكن...' is acceptable in modern journalism, but in classical or high-level academic writing, it is preferred to keep it as a connector within a larger sentence structure.

خطأ: لم أنجح. ولكن سأحاول ثانية. (Slightly weak style)
صح: لم أنجح، ولكن سأحاول ثانية. (Better: I didn't succeed, but I will try again.)

Finally, watch out for the 'noon' pronunciation. If you are reading aloud, do not add a vowel to the 'noon' of lakin unless it is followed by a word starting with a 'hamzatul wasl' (like 'al-'). In that case, the 'noon' might take a small 'kasra' to help the flow, but usually, it should be a clean, stopped 'n' sound. Over-vocalizing it can make you sound like you are struggling with the grammar.

الامتحان كان صعباً، ولكن الطلاب أجابوا جيداً.

Translation: The exam was difficult, but the students answered well.

While ولكن is the most common way to say 'but', Arabic is a rich language with many synonyms that offer different shades of meaning or levels of formality. Knowing when to use an alternative can make your Arabic sound more sophisticated and precise.

غير أن (Ghayra anna): This is a more formal alternative to 'wa-lakin'. It literally means 'other than that' or 'except that'. It is very common in academic writing and formal news reports. It functions similarly to 'however' or 'nevertheless'.
إلا أن (Illa anna): Similar to 'ghayra anna', this phrase is used to introduce a contrast, often after a long or complex statement. It has a slightly stronger sense of 'except for the fact that'.

الوضع مستقر، غير أن الحذر مطلوب.

Translation: The situation is stable; however, caution is required.

Another important word is bal (بل). As mentioned before, bal is used for 'emendation' or 'rectification'. It's like saying 'Not A, but rather B'. While wa-lakin contrasts two facts, bal often replaces the first fact with a more accurate one. In many cases, bal is stronger than wa-lakin.

ما جاء محمد، بل جاء عليّ.

Translation: Muhammad didn't come, but rather Ali came.

In dialects, the word bas (بس) is the king of 'but'. In Egypt, the Levant, and the Gulf, you will hear bas used in almost every sentence. It is short, easy to say, and versatile. However, if you are writing an essay or speaking in a formal context, you should stick to wa-lakin. Using bas in a formal speech is like using 'cuz' instead of 'because' in an English essay.

مع ذلك (Ma'a dhalika): This means 'with that' or 'nonetheless'. It is used when you want to say 'despite what I just said, this other thing is also true'. It is a great way to start a new sentence that contrasts with the previous one.

كان الوقت متأخراً، ومع ذلك واصلنا المشي.

Translation: It was late; nonetheless, we continued walking.

Finally, for very strong contrasts, you can use على الرغم من... إلا أن... (Despite... however...). This is a correlative pair. It sets up the contrast from the very beginning of the sentence. While wa-lakin is a simple 'but', this structure is more like 'Even though A is true, B is still the case'.

على الرغم من صغر سنه، إلا أنه حكيم جداً.

Translation: Despite his young age, he is very wise.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In the Arabic script, 'lakin' is one of the few words where a long 'a' sound is pronounced but not written as an Alif. Instead, a tiny 'dagger alif' is sometimes placed above the Lam.

発音ガイド

UK /wa.la.kin/

US /wɑ.lɑ.kɪn/

The primary stress is on the second syllable: wa-LA-kin.

韻が合う語

Sakin (سكن) Amakin (أماكن) Masakin (مساكن) Dakin (داكن) Yakin (يكن) Lakin (لكن) Makin (ماكن) Sakin (ساكن)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'wa-la-keen' (long 'i').
Pronouncing it as 'wa-lak-na' (confusing it with lakinna).
Omitting the 'wa' prefix when it is needed for flow.
Pronouncing the 'la' too short; it must have a slight elongation.
Adding a vowel sound after the 'n' (e.g., wa-lakin-a).

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize due to the unique shape of 'lakin' and the prefix 'wa'.

ライティング 2/5

Easy, but remember not to write the 'alif' after the 'lam'.

スピーキング 1/5

Very easy to use; just place it between two contrasting thoughts.

リスニング 2/5

Easy, but must be distinguished from the slightly longer 'lakinna'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

و (And) لا (No/Not) أنا (I) هو (He) في (In)

次に学ぶ

لأن (Because) إذاً (So/Therefore) بل (But rather) رغم (Despite) بينما (While)

上級

بيد أن (However) بينما (Whereas) من ناحية أخرى (On the other hand) على الرغم من (Despite) سيما (Especially)

知っておくべき文法

Istidrak (Rectification)

استخدام 'ولكن' لتصحيح فهم خاطئ.

Coordinating Conjunctions

الربط بين جملتين مستقلتين باستخدام 'ولكن'.

Inna and her Sisters (Contrast)

الفرق بين 'لكن' (حرف عطف) و'لكنَّ' (من أخوات إن).

Omission of Alif in Writing

كتابة 'لكن' بدون ألف بعد اللام.

The 'Wa' of Conjunction

اقتران 'لكن' بالواو لتعزيز الربط.

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レベル別の例文

أنا أحب التفاح ولكن لا أحب الموز.

I love apples but I do not love bananas.

Simple contrast between two preferences.

البيت كبير ولكن قديم.

The house is big but old.

Contrasting two adjectives describing a noun.

هو يدرس ولكن هو تعبان.

He is studying but he is tired.

Connecting a state of action with a physical state.

الجو حار ولكن جميل.

The weather is hot but beautiful.

Contrasting a potentially negative trait with a positive one.

أريد الذهاب ولكن ليس عندي وقت.

I want to go but I don't have time.

Expressing a desire followed by a limitation.

السيارة سريعة ولكن غالية.

The car is fast but expensive.

Contrasting performance with cost.

أنا أتكلم العربية ولكن قليلاً.

I speak Arabic but a little.

Modifying a statement of ability.

الكتاب ممتع ولكن طويل.

The book is interesting but long.

Contrasting quality with quantity/length.

ذهبتُ إلى السوق ولكن لم أشترِ شيئاً.

I went to the market but I didn't buy anything.

Contrasting an action with its lack of result.

الفندق مريح ولكن بعيد عن المدينة.

The hotel is comfortable but far from the city.

Contrasting internal quality with external location.

هي ذكية جداً ولكن لا تدرس كثيراً.

She is very smart but she doesn't study much.

Contrasting potential with effort.

الأكل لذيذ ولكن فيه الكثير من الملح.

The food is delicious but it has a lot of salt.

Contrasting taste with a specific ingredient issue.

حاولتُ الاتصال بك ولكن هاتفي انطفأ.

I tried to call you but my phone turned off.

Providing an excuse for a failed action.

المدينة مزدحمة ولكن المواصلات جيدة.

The city is crowded but the transportation is good.

Contrasting a negative city trait with a positive one.

قرأتُ الرسالة ولكن لم أفهم المعنى.

I read the letter but I didn't understand the meaning.

Contrasting the act of reading with the lack of comprehension.

هو يسكن في لندن ولكن لا يتكلم الإنجليزية جيداً.

He lives in London but he doesn't speak English well.

Contrasting residence with language proficiency.

أوافقك الرأي، ولكن يجب أن نكون حذرين.

I agree with your opinion, but we must be cautious.

Using contrast to introduce a condition or warning.

المشروع ناجح، ولكن التكاليف كانت عالية جداً.

The project is successful, but the costs were very high.

Balancing success with financial reality.

الفيلم كان طويلاً، ولكن النهاية كانت غير متوقعة.

The movie was long, but the ending was unexpected.

Contrasting a negative aspect of duration with a positive plot twist.

لقد بحثتُ عن المفاتيح في كل مكان، ولكن لم أجدها.

I looked for the keys everywhere, but I didn't find them.

Contrasting extensive effort with lack of success.

الطقس كان سيئاً، ولكن الرحلة كانت ممتعة على أي حال.

The weather was bad, but the trip was enjoyable anyway.

Using 'wa-lakin' with 'ala ayyi hal' (anyway).

أريد أن أساعدك، ولكن ليس لدي الخبرة الكافية.

I want to help you, but I don't have enough experience.

Expressing willingness limited by lack of skill.

الخدمة في المطعم بطيئة، ولكن الطعام يستحق الانتظار.

The service in the restaurant is slow, but the food is worth the wait.

Contrasting a service flaw with product quality.

لقد وعدني بالحضور، ولكن يبدو أنه نسي الموعد.

He promised me to come, but it seems he forgot the appointment.

Contrasting a promise with a suspected reality.

النظرية تبدو منطقية، ولكن التطبيق العملي يواجه صعوبات.

The theory seems logical, but practical application faces difficulties.

Contrasting abstract logic with physical reality.

قد يكون هذا صحيحاً، ولكن هناك عوامل أخرى يجب مراعاتها.

This might be true, but there are other factors that must be considered.

Introducing complexity into a simple statement.

الرواية تعكس الواقع، ولكن بأسلوب رمزي معقد.

The novel reflects reality, but in a complex symbolic style.

Refining a description with a stylistic contrast.

الشركة حققت أرباحاً، ولكن نموها كان أبطأ من المتوقع.

The company made profits, but its growth was slower than expected.

Nuancing financial success.

أنا لا أنكر أهمية التكنولوجيا، ولكن يجب ألا ننسى القيم الإنسانية.

I do not deny the importance of technology, but we must not forget human values.

Using a negative opening to strengthen the 'but' clause.

القرار كان صعباً، ولكن كان لا بد من اتخاذه في ذلك الوقت.

The decision was difficult, but it had to be made at that time.

Justifying a difficult action through necessity.

المدينة تطورت عمرانياً، ولكنها فقدت هويتها التاريخية.

The city developed architecturally, but it lost its historical identity.

Contrasting modernization with cultural loss.

الرسالة كانت واضحة، ولكن رد الفعل كان مفاجئاً للجميع.

The message was clear, but the reaction was surprising to everyone.

Contrasting cause (message) with effect (reaction).

قد تبدو هذه الخطوة بسيطة، ولكنها تنطوي على مخاطر جسيمة.

This step may seem simple, but it involves grave risks.

Using 'wa-lakin' to reveal hidden danger.

الكاتب يميل إلى الإيجاز، ولكن دون الإخلال بالمعنى العميق.

The writer tends toward brevity, but without compromising the deep meaning.

Describing a delicate balance in literary style.

السياسة الخارجية للدولة ثابتة، ولكنها تتسم بالمرونة عند الضرورة.

The state's foreign policy is firm, but it is characterized by flexibility when necessary.

Contrasting firmness with strategic flexibility.

العلم يتقدم بسرعة، ولكن الأخلاق لا تزال تكافح لمواكبته.

Science is advancing rapidly, but ethics is still struggling to keep up with it.

Using contrast to highlight a societal gap.

الجمال يكمن في التفاصيل، ولكن الوحدة الكلية هي التي تمنح العمل قيمته.

Beauty lies in the details, but the overall unity is what gives the work its value.

Philosophical contrast between parts and the whole.

لقد حققنا الكثير، ولكن الطريق أمامنا لا يزال طويلاً وشاقاً.

We have achieved a lot, but the road ahead of us is still long and arduous.

Balancing past achievement with future challenge.

الحقيقة قد تكون مؤلمة، ولكنها تظل أفضل من الوهم المريح.

Truth may be painful, but it remains better than a comfortable illusion.

Abstract moral contrast.

التغيير ضروري، ولكن يجب أن يتم في إطار من الاستقرار.

Change is necessary, but it must take place within a framework of stability.

Defining the conditions for a necessary action.

إن التاريخ لا يعيد نفسه حرفياً، ولكن ثمة إيقاعات تتكرر عبر العصور.

History does not repeat itself literally, but there are rhythms that recur through the ages.

Sophisticated historical analysis using contrast.

النص حمال أوجه، ولكن السياق التاريخي يضيق نطاق التأويل.

The text is open to many interpretations, but the historical context narrows the scope of hermeneutics.

Academic discussion on interpretation and context.

قد يظن البعض أن الصمت ضعف، ولكن في صمت الحكيم تكمن قوة لا تضاهى.

Some may think silence is weakness, but in the silence of the wise lies an incomparable strength.

Rhetorical reversal of a common perception.

الإبداع ليس مجرد إلهام، ولكن هو نتاج جهد مضنٍ وتراكم معرفي.

Creativity is not just inspiration, but the product of strenuous effort and cognitive accumulation.

Defining a complex concept through negation and contrast.

الحرية ليست فوضى، ولكنها مسؤولية واعية تجاه الذات والآخر.

Freedom is not chaos, but a conscious responsibility toward oneself and the other.

Philosophical definition of a value.

العولمة قربت المسافات، ولكنها في الوقت ذاته عمقت الفجوات الثقافية.

Globalization brought distances closer, but at the same time, it deepened cultural gaps.

Analyzing a global phenomenon with a 'wa-lakin fi al-waqt dhatihi' structure.

اللغة كائن حي يتطور، ولكنها تظل وفية لجذورها العميقة.

Language is a living being that evolves, but it remains faithful to its deep roots.

Metaphorical description of linguistic evolution.

العدالة قد تتأخر، ولكن موازين الكون لا بد أن تستقيم في النهاية.

Justice may be delayed, but the scales of the universe must eventually be straightened.

Expressing a universal moral conviction.

よく使う組み合わせ

ولكن في الحقيقة

ولكن من ناحية أخرى

ولكن للأسف

ولكن على أي حال

ولكن لا بد من

ولكن بشرط

ولكن مع ذلك

ولكن المشكلة هي

ولكن ليس دائماً

ولكن الحقيقة هي

よく使うフレーズ

ليس هذا فحسب، ولكن...

— Not only this, but also... Used to add more information with emphasis.

هو ليس ذكياً فحسب، ولكن هو مجتهد أيضاً.

نعم، ولكن...

— Yes, but... A polite way to disagree or add a condition.

نعم، ولكن يجب أن نفكر في السعر.

ولكن ماذا لو...؟

— But what if...? Used to introduce a hypothetical problem or scenario.

ولكن ماذا لو لم يأتِ القطار؟

ولكن كيف؟

— But how? Used to express doubt or ask for a method after a statement.

سنبني بيتاً، ولكن كيف؟

ولكن لماذا؟

— But why? Used to ask for a reason behind a contrasting action.

استقال من عمله، ولكن لماذا؟

ولكن لا تنسَ أن...

— But don't forget that... Used to remind someone of an important fact.

الرحلة غداً، ولكن لا تنسَ أن تحضر جواز سفرك.

ولكن المهم هو...

— But the important thing is... Used to focus on the main point.

خسرنا المباراة، ولكن المهم هو الروح الرياضية.

ولكن في النهاية...

— But in the end... Used to summarize a contrasting outcome.

تعبنا كثيراً، ولكن في النهاية نجحنا.

ولكن بصراحة...

— But honestly... Used to introduce a blunt or honest opinion.

أنت صديقي، ولكن بصراحة أنت مخطئ.

ولكن هل تعتقد أن...؟

— But do you think that...? Used to challenge someone's opinion politely.

الفكرة جيدة، ولكن هل تعتقد أنها ستنجح؟

よく混同される語

ولكن vs لكنَّ (Lakinna)

Lakinna has a shadda and requires a noun in the accusative case. Walakin is a simple conjunction.

ولكن vs لأن (Li-anna)

Li-anna means 'because'. Beginners sometimes confuse the sounds of 'but' and 'because'.

ولكن vs بل (Bal)

Bal means 'but rather'. Use it for correcting a mistake, while walakin is for general contrast.

慣用句と表現

"ولكن تجري الرياح بما لا تشتهي السفن"

— But the winds blow in a way that the ships do not desire. Used when things don't go as planned.

خططنا لكل شيء، ولكن تجري الرياح بما لا تشتهي السفن.

Literary

"ولكن لكل جواد كبوة"

— But every horse has a stumble. Used to say that even the best make mistakes.

هو مدير ممتاز، ولكن لكل جواد كبوة.

Formal

"ولكن لا حياة لمن تنادي"

— But there is no life in the one you are calling. Used when someone ignores advice or doesn't listen.

نصحته كثيراً، ولكن لا حياة لمن تنادي.

Common

"ولكن الغائب عذره معه"

— But the absent person has their excuse with them. Used to defend someone who didn't show up.

لم يحضر الاجتماع، ولكن الغائب عذره معه.

Proverbial

"ولكن ما كل ما يتمنى المرء يدركه"

— But not everything a person wishes for is attained. Used to express resignation to reality.

أراد الفوز، ولكن ما كل ما يتمنى المرء يدركه.

Poetic

"ولكن اليد قصيرة والعين بصيرة"

— But the hand is short and the eye is far-seeing. Used when you want to help but lack the means.

أريد مساعدتك مالياً، ولكن اليد قصيرة.

Common

"ولكن الصبر مفتاح الفرج"

— But patience is the key to relief. Used to encourage someone during a difficult time.

الوضع صعب، ولكن الصبر مفتاح الفرج.

Common

"ولكن العلم في الصغر كالنقش على الحجر"

— But learning in youth is like engraving on stone. Used to emphasize the importance of early education.

الدراسة صعبة الآن، ولكن العلم في الصغر كالنقش على الحجر.

Educational

"ولكن خير الكلام ما قل ودل"

— But the best of speech is that which is brief and to the point.

تكلم كثيراً، ولكن خير الكلام ما قل ودل.

Formal

"ولكن من شب على شيء شاب عليه"

— But he who grows up on something, grows old on it. Used to explain persistent habits.

حاول تغيير عاداته، ولكن من شب على شيء شاب عليه.

Proverbial

間違えやすい

ولكن vs لكنَّ

Similar spelling and meaning.

Lakinna is a particle that affects grammar (Inna sister); Walakin is a conjunction that doesn't.

الجو حار لكنَّ الظلَّ بارد.

ولكن vs بل

Both translate to 'but' in some contexts.

Bal is for emendation (not A, but B); Walakin is for contrast (A is true, but B is also true).

ما شربتُ ماءً بل عصيراً.

ولكن vs إلا

Both involve exceptions.

Illa means 'except' (All came except Zaid); Walakin means 'but' (They came but Zaid left).

جاء الجميع إلا زيداً.

ولكن vs غير

Both can show contrast.

Ghayr is usually 'other than' or 'non-'; Walakin is a connector.

هذا غير صحيح.

ولكن vs بس

The dialect version of 'but'.

Bas is informal/dialect; Walakin is formal/MSA.

بدي أروح بس تعبان.

文型パターン

[Noun] [Adjective], ولكن [Adjective].

القهوة ساخنة، ولكن لذيذة.

أنا [Verb], ولكن لا [Verb].

أنا أقرأ، ولكن لا أكتب.

[Sentence], ولكن ليس عندي [Noun].

أريد السفر، ولكن ليس عندي مال.

[Sentence], ولكن [Sentence with 'لم'].

ذهبتُ إلى البيت، ولكن لم أجد أحداً.

أوافقك، ولكن [Condition].

أوافقك، ولكن يجب أن نبدأ الآن.

[Sentence], ولكن للأسف [Sentence].

اتصلتُ بك، ولكن للأسف كنتَ نائماً.

ليس فقط [Sentence], ولكن [Sentence] أيضاً.

ليس فقط هو غني، ولكن هو كريم أيضاً.

قد يبدو [Adjective], ولكن في الواقع [Adjective].

قد يبدو الأمر سهلاً، ولكن في الواقع هو معقد.

語族

名詞

لا شيء (Nothing - unrelated but often appears in contrast)

استدراك (Rectification - the grammatical term for what 'lakin' does)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high. It is a core functional word in the Arabic language.

よくある間違い

Writing 'لاكن' instead of 'لكن'. → لكن
The long 'a' sound in 'lakin' is a 'dagger alif' which is not written as a full letter. This is a very common spelling error for beginners.
Using 'lakinna' (لكنَّ) before a verb. → ولكن (wa-lakin)
'Lakinna' is a particle that must be followed by a noun or pronoun. If a verb follows, you must use 'ولكن'.
Forgetting the 'wa' (و) when connecting sentences. → ولكن
While 'lakin' alone is grammatically possible, 'wa-lakin' is the standard and more natural-sounding connector in Modern Standard Arabic.
Using 'ولكن' to mean 'except'. → إلا (Illa)
'ولكن' means 'but' (contrast), whereas 'إلا' means 'except' (exclusion). They are not interchangeable.
Pronouncing it as 'wa-lakeen'. → wa-lakin
The 'i' sound in 'lakin' is short (kasra), not long (ya). Pronouncing it long can make the word unrecognizable.

ヒント

The Sukun Rule

Always remember that 'ولكن' ends with a sukun (a stop) on the noon. This distinguishes it from 'lakinna'. If you don't pronounce the stop, you might accidentally trigger a different grammatical rule.

No Alif Allowed

Never write an alif after the lam in 'لكن'. It's one of the 'magic' words in Arabic where the sound is there but the letter is not. Practice writing it ten times to build muscle memory.

Variety is Key

In a long essay, don't use 'ولكن' in every paragraph. Use 'غير أن' or 'إلا أن' to show that you have a high-level vocabulary. It makes your writing more professional.

The Polite Pivot

Use 'ولكن' to soften your 'no'. Instead of just saying 'No, I can't', say 'I would love to, ولكن I have another appointment.' It's much more culturally appropriate.

Catch the 'Wa'

When listening to fast speech, the 'wa' at the beginning of 'ولكن' can be very short. Train your ear to hear that 'w' sound as a signal that a contrast is coming.

Context Clues

If you see 'لكن' without a 'wa', check if it's contrasting two small words. If it has a 'wa', it's almost certainly connecting two full sentences.

Learn the Sisters

Learn 'ولكن' alongside 'لأن' (because) and 'لذلك' (therefore). These three words together will allow you to build almost any logical argument in Arabic.

The Dialect Bridge

Even if you only want to learn a dialect, learn 'ولكن'. It is the 'bridge' word that works in both formal and informal settings, making you sound more versatile.

The 'Lakin' Lock

Think of 'Lakin' as a 'Lock'. It locks the first thought and opens a new, different one. 'Wa-Lakin' = 'And Lock' (and change the direction).

Daily Contrast

Every time you say 'but' in English today, try to say 'ولكن' in your head. This simple mental exercise will make the word second nature to you.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Wa-Lakin' as 'Walking' with a 'But'. You are walking along a path (your first sentence), BUT then you hit a wall (the contrast). 'Walking... Lakin!'

視覚的連想

Imagine a road that suddenly turns 90 degrees. The first part of the road is your first clause, and 'ولكن' is the sharp turn that changes the direction.

Word Web

Contrast But However Excuse Limitation Correction Nuance Bridge

チャレンジ

Try to write five sentences about your favorite things, but add a 'ولكن' to each one to show a small downside. For example: 'I love pizza, but it makes me sleepy.'

語源

The word is a combination of the conjunction 'wa' (and) and the particle 'lakin' (but). 'Lakin' itself is an ancient Semitic particle used for contrast.

元の意味： The original meaning was likely 'and yet' or 'and established as such'.

Afroasiatic -> Semitic -> Central Semitic -> Arabic.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that 'ولكن' is a neutral word used in all contexts from sacred to profane.

English speakers often use 'but' to start sentences. In Arabic, 'ولكن' is more of a mid-sentence connector. Using it to start a sentence is possible but feels very 'journalistic'.

The Quranic phrase: 'وما رميت إذ رميت ولكن الله رمى' (And you threw not when you threw, but it was Allah who threw). The poetry of Al-Mutanabbi often uses 'lakin' to pivot from praise to a deeper truth. Modern Arabic pop songs often use 'bas' (the dialect version) for romantic longing.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Giving Excuses

أردتُ المساعدة ولكن...
كنتُ سآتي ولكن...
حاولتُ ولكن...
آسف ولكن...

Describing Objects

جميل ولكن غالي
صغير ولكن مريح
قديم ولكن قوي
جديد ولكن معطل

Expressing Opinions

أوافقك ولكن...
فكرة جيدة ولكن...
أعتقد ذلك ولكن...
صحيح ولكن...

Travel and Weather

الجو مشمس ولكن بارد
الرحلة ممتعة ولكن متعبة
الفندق جيد ولكن بعيد
الطريق طويل ولكن جميل

Work and Study

الامتحان سهل ولكن طويل
العمل ممتع ولكن شاق
الراتب جيد ولكن المدير صعب
الدرس واضح ولكن الكتاب معقد

会話のきっかけ

"أنا أحب السفر إلى الجبال، ولكن أين تفضل أنت الذهاب؟"

"اللغة العربية جميلة، ولكن ما هو أصعب شيء فيها بالنسبة لك؟"

"هذا المطعم رائع، ولكن هل جربت الطعام في المطعم الآخر؟"

"أريد أن أتعلم العزف على العود، ولكن ليس عندي وقت. وأنت؟"

"الطقس رائع اليوم، ولكن هل تعتقد أنه سيمطر غداً؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن يوم كنت فيه سعيداً ولكن حدث شيء بسيط أزعجك.

صف مدينتك: اذكر الأشياء الجميلة فيها، ولكن اذكر أيضاً الأشياء التي لا تحبها.

تحدث عن هدف تريد تحقيقه، ولكن اشرح العقبات التي تواجهك.

اكتب عن كتاب قرأته أو فيلم شاهدته: ما الذي أعجبك فيه، ولكن ما الذي لم يعجبك؟

تحدث عن صديق تحبه كثيراً، ولكن اذكر صفة واحدة فيه تتمنى لو تتغير.

よくある質問

10 問

In Modern Standard Arabic, especially in journalism, it is common to start a sentence with 'ولكن' to show contrast with the previous sentence. However, in very formal or classical writing, it is preferred to keep it as a connector within a single sentence. If you do start a sentence with it, make sure the contrast is clear.

In modern usage, they are almost identical in meaning. However, 'ولكن' (with the 'wa') is much more common when connecting two full sentences. 'لكن' alone is sometimes used in classical texts or when contrasting two single words (e.g., 'small but strong'). Using 'ولكن' is always a safe bet for learners.

This is a historical spelling convention in Arabic. A few very common words, like 'لكن', 'هذا', and 'الله', have a long 'a' sound that is pronounced but not written with a full Alif letter. Instead, a small 'dagger alif' is used in vocalized texts. Writing it as 'لاكن' is considered a spelling error.

No, 'ولكن' (with a sukun on the noon) is a coordinating conjunction and does not change the grammatical case of the following words. Only its sister 'لكنَّ' (with a shadda and a fatha) changes the following noun to the accusative (nasb) case.

The most common way is to use the pattern 'ليس فقط... ولكن... أيضاً'. For example: 'ليس فقط هو ذكي، ولكن هو كريم أيضاً' (Not only is he smart, but he is also generous). This is a very useful structure for intermediate learners.

While 'ولكن' is understood by everyone, most dialects have their own preferred word for 'but'. In Egypt and the Levant, 'bas' (بس) is the most common. In North Africa, you might hear 'walakin' or 'be-sah' (بصح). However, 'ولكن' remains the standard for formal communication across the Arab world.

Yes, 'ولكن' is the primary translation for both 'but' and 'however'. If you want a more formal word specifically for 'however', you can use 'غير أن' or 'ومع ذلك'.

Istidrak is the Arabic grammatical term for 'rectification'. It refers to the use of a word like 'ولكن' to correct a potential misunderstanding. For example, if I say 'The car is old', you might think it's bad. I use 'ولكن' to rectify that: '...but it is very fast'.

When you want to say 'but he' or 'but I', you usually use the 'lakinna' form: 'ولكنه' (but he), 'ولكنني' (but I). However, in simpler Arabic, you can just say 'ولكن هو' or 'ولكن أنا'. Both are understood, but the attached version is more idiomatic.

It is a neutral contrast. It can be used for small differences ('hot but nice') or major contradictions ('I love him but I will leave him'). The strength of the contrast depends on the context of the sentences it connects.

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