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A1 verb 10分で読める

يعاقب

yu'aqib

練習する例文メモとヒント يعاقب 30秒で

解説 يعاقب in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'يعاقب' is introduced as a simple action verb meaning 'to punish.' Students learn it in the context of everyday authority figures like parents and teachers. The focus is on basic subject-verb-object sentences, such as 'The teacher punishes the student.' At this stage, learners should simply recognize the word and understand that it involves a consequence for doing something wrong. They might see it in short stories or basic classroom instructions. The goal is to build a foundation where the student can identify who is doing the punishing and who is being punished without worrying too much about complex prepositions or passive forms.

At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'يعاقب' in slightly more varied contexts. They start incorporating the preposition 'على' to explain why someone is being punished (e.g., 'punishes him for the lie'). They also learn to conjugate the verb in the past tense (عاقب) and future tense (سيعاقب). A2 students might encounter this word in news headlines or simple dialogues about rules and regulations. They should be able to form simple questions like 'Why did the father punish his son?' and understand the basic concept of a penalty. The focus shifts from simple recognition to active production in predictable social and educational scenarios.

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At the B1 level, students explore the nuances of 'يعاقب' in more formal settings, such as legal or workplace environments. They are introduced to the passive form 'يُعاقَب' (to be punished), which is essential for understanding laws and official statements where the punisher might not be mentioned. B1 learners should be able to discuss social issues, such as 'How should the law punish criminals?' and use the word in more complex sentence structures. They also begin to distinguish 'يعاقب' from related terms like 'يؤدب' (to discipline) and 'يوبّخ' (to scold), allowing for more precise expression of intent and severity.

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At the B2 level, 'يعاقب' is used to discuss abstract concepts and social justice. Students can use the verb to write essays or participate in debates about the effectiveness of different types of punishment (e.g., fines vs. imprisonment). They understand the word's role in literature and media, recognizing metaphorical uses. B2 learners are expected to use the verb correctly with various prepositions and in complex grammatical constructions, including conditional sentences ('If he cheats, he will be punished'). They also become familiar with the verbal noun 'عقاب' (punishment) and how it functions as a noun in formal discourse.

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At the C1 level, the learner uses 'يعاقب' with high precision in academic and professional contexts. They can analyze the legal implications of the verb in statutes and contracts. C1 students explore the philosophical roots of the word, discussing theories of retribution and deterrence. They are adept at using the verb in sophisticated rhetorical structures and can identify subtle shifts in meaning based on context. Their vocabulary includes a wide range of synonyms and specialized legal terms related to 'يعاقب', allowing them to express complex ideas about justice, morality, and social control with native-like fluency.

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At the C2 level, 'يعاقب' is handled with complete mastery, including its use in classical literature and high-level legal philosophy. The learner can appreciate the word's etymological journey and its occurrences in the Quran and Hadith, understanding the deep cultural and religious connotations. They can use the verb to construct persuasive arguments in high-stakes environments, such as legal trials or political negotiations. At this stage, the user can play with the word's nuances, using it ironically or metaphorically in poetry and advanced prose, demonstrating a profound understanding of how 'يعاقب' shapes and reflects the concept of justice in the Arabic-speaking world.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

يعاقب 30秒で

A core Arabic verb meaning 'to punish' or 'to penalize' for a specific wrongdoing.
Used by authority figures like parents, teachers, and judges in formal and informal settings.
Grammatically a Form III verb, often followed by the preposition 'على' to state the reason.
Essential for discussing law, discipline, social justice, and moral consequences in Arabic.

The Arabic verb يعاقب (yu'āqibu) is a fundamental term in the Arabic language, primarily used to describe the act of imposing a penalty, sanction, or disciplinary measure upon an individual or group in response to a perceived wrongdoing, crime, or violation of rules. At its core, the word conveys the transition from an action (the offense) to its necessary consequence (the punishment). In everyday life, this term is ubiquitous, appearing in contexts ranging from domestic discipline within a family to the highest levels of judicial proceedings in a court of law. When a parent decides that a child must stay home for breaking a rule, they are performing the action of يعاقب. Similarly, when a legal system sentences a defendant to prison, the state is the entity that يعاقب the offender.

Legal Context: In the judiciary, this verb is used to define the state's authority to enforce laws. It implies a formal process where a judge determines a sentence. For example, 'The law punishes theft' translates to 'يعاقب القانون على السرقة'.
Educational Setting: Teachers use this word when discussing school rules and the consequences of academic dishonesty or behavioral issues. It often carries a corrective nuance here, aiming to improve the student's future behavior.

القانون يعاقب كل من يخالف القواعد المرورية بصرامة لضمان سلامة الجميع في الشوارع.

The law punishes everyone who violates traffic rules strictly to ensure everyone's safety.

Understanding the usage of يعاقب also requires recognizing the power dynamic inherent in the word. The subject of the verb is typically an authority figure—be it a parent, a teacher, a boss, or the state—while the object is the subordinate who has committed an error. However, in modern discourse, the word is also used in sports (e.g., a referee punishing a player with a red card) and in abstract social contexts (e.g., society punishing someone through ostracization). The verb is Form III in Arabic grammar, which often signifies an interaction or a consequence directed at another party. It is derived from the root (ع-ق-ب), which relates to following or coming after, highlighting that punishment is that which 'follows' the sin.

لا يعاقب المعلم الطالب إذا اعترف بخطئه بصدق واعتذر عنه.

Divine Context: In religious texts, the verb is frequently used to describe divine justice, where the Creator punishes those who commit grave sins, often contrasted with the concept of reward (يثيب).

Furthermore, the verb is often followed by the preposition 'على' (on/for) to specify the reason for the punishment. For example, 'He was punished for his lie' would be 'عوقب على كذبه'. In the active present tense, 'يعاقب' serves as a warning or a statement of fact regarding current regulations. It is a word that carries weight, seriousness, and the implication of accountability. Whether you are reading a news report about a criminal trial or a story about a mischievous child, 'يعاقب' is the key verb that ties the narrative of justice together.

Mastering the use of يعاقب involves understanding its grammatical structure and the common prepositions that accompany it. As a Form III verb, its pattern is fā'ala / yufā'ilu. This specific form often implies an action directed from one person to another. When constructing a sentence, you must identify the 'punisher' (the subject), the 'punished' (the object), and often the 'reason' (introduced by 'على'). For instance, in the sentence 'The manager punishes the employee for being late,' the manager is the subject, the employee is the object, and lateness is the reason.

المدير يعاقب الموظف المهمل بحرمانه من المكافأة السنوية.

The manager punishes the negligent employee by depriving him of the annual bonus.

Active Voice: In the active voice, the focus is on the authority. Example: 'The father punishes his son' (يعاقب الأب ابنه). The verb agrees with the subject in gender and number.
Passive Voice: The passive form 'يُعاقَب' (yu'āqabu - note the vowel change) is very common when the focus is on the person receiving the punishment. Example: 'The thief is punished' (يُعاقَب السارق).

The verb can also be used in the future tense by adding the prefix 'سـ' or the word 'سوف'. This is common in legal threats or warnings. For example, 'We will punish anyone who attempts to cheat' (سنعاقب كل من يحاول الغش). In more complex sentences, you might see the verb used with 'بـ' to indicate the method of punishment. 'He punishes him with a fine' (يعاقبه بغرامة). This flexibility allows for detailed descriptions of disciplinary actions.

هل يعاقب القانون الأفراد على أفعالهم غير المقصودة؟

Negation: To say 'does not punish', use 'لا يعاقب' for the present or 'لم يعاقب' for the past (jussive). Example: 'He did not punish the student' (لم يعاقب الطالب).

When using the verb in a plural context, ensure the verb correctly matches the subject. In Modern Standard Arabic, if the verb comes before a plural subject, it remains singular: 'يعاقب الحراس المتسللين' (The guards punish the intruders). If the subject comes first, the verb becomes plural: 'الحراس يعاقبون المتسللين'. Understanding these nuances is crucial for constructing grammatically correct and natural-sounding sentences in Arabic.

The word يعاقب is not just a textbook term; it is alive in various sectors of Arab society. One of the most common places you will hear it is in the news media. News anchors frequently report on court rulings, international sanctions, or government crackdowns using this verb. Phrases like 'The court punishes the corrupt officials' or 'The international community punishes the state with sanctions' are staples of political and legal journalism. In these contexts, the word carries a formal and serious tone, emphasizing the rule of law and the consequences of political or criminal actions.

Television and Cinema: In legal dramas or police procedurals, you will hear detectives and lawyers debating how to punish a suspect. It adds tension and moral weight to the dialogue.
Classrooms: Teachers often use this word to set expectations. 'I will punish anyone who speaks without permission' (سأعاقب من يتكلم بدون إذن) is a common phrase to maintain order.

سمعت في الأخبار أن الحكومة يعاقب الشركات التي تلوث البيئة بغرامات مالية كبيرة.

I heard in the news that the government punishes companies that pollute the environment with large financial fines.

In religious sermons (Khutbah), preachers often use 'يعاقب' to discuss the consequences of sin and the importance of following divine commandments. They might speak about how God punishes injustice or arrogance, serving as a moral deterrent for the congregation. This usage often connects the verb to spiritual and ethical accountability. Furthermore, in sports commentary, if a player commits a foul, the commentator might say 'The referee punishes the player with a yellow card' (يعاقب الحكم اللاعب ببطاقة صفراء), showing that the term extends to regulated competition and fair play.

في ملاعب كرة القدم، يعاقب الحكم أي خشونة زائدة فوراً.

Lastly, in literature and poetry, 'يعاقب' is used metaphorically. An author might write about how 'time punishes the procrastinator' or 'loneliness punishes the proud.' This metaphorical usage expands the word's reach from the physical and legal realm into the emotional and philosophical, making it a versatile tool for expression in the Arabic language.

When learning to use يعاقب, students often encounter several pitfalls. The most common error is confusing it with other verbs derived from the same root (ع-ق-ب). For example, the verb يعقّب (yu'aqqibu) looks very similar but means 'to comment' or 'to follow up.' Another similar-looking verb is يتعقّب (yata'aqqabu), which means 'to track' or 'to pursue.' Mixing these up can completely change the meaning of your sentence, turning 'The police punish the criminal' into 'The police comment on the criminal' or 'The police track the criminal.'

Preposition Confusion: Learners often forget to use 'على' (on/for) to indicate the reason for the punishment. Instead of saying 'يعاقب على الخطأ', they might mistakenly say 'يعاقب الخطأ' (punishes the mistake), which implies the mistake itself is being punished rather than the person for the mistake.
Vowel Placement (Passive vs. Active): In written Arabic without diacritics, 'يعاقب' (he punishes) and 'يُعاقب' (he is punished) look identical. Context is key, but learners often struggle to distinguish between them in reading comprehension.

خطأ: المعلم يعقّب الطالب. (The teacher comments on the student.)
صواب: المعلم يعاقب الطالب. (The teacher punishes the student.)

Another frequent mistake is incorrect subject-verb agreement, especially with feminine or plural subjects. Since 'يعاقب' is a Form III verb, its conjugation follows a specific pattern that must be memorized. For example, the feminine present is 'تعاقب' (tu'āqibu), and the plural is 'يعاقبون' (yu'āqibūna). Learners sometimes default to Form I patterns, which is incorrect for this verb. Additionally, using the wrong preposition for the 'instrument' of punishment is common; always use 'بـ' (with/by) for the penalty itself, like 'يعاقب بالسجن' (punishes with imprisonment).

تأكد من استخدام حرف الجر على قبل ذكر الجريمة وحرف بـ قبل ذكر العقوبة.

Finally, learners sometimes use 'يعاقب' in contexts where 'ينتقد' (to criticize) or 'يوبّخ' (to scold) would be more appropriate. Punishment implies a formal or tangible consequence, whereas criticism is merely verbal. Using 'يعاقب' for a simple verbal disagreement makes the situation sound much more severe than intended. Being mindful of these distinctions will help you use the word accurately and effectively in your Arabic communication.

While يعاقب is the standard word for punishment, Arabic offers a rich palette of synonyms and related terms that carry slightly different nuances. Understanding these alternatives allows you to be more precise in your descriptions. For instance, if you want to emphasize the educational or corrective aspect of punishment, you might use يؤدب (yu'addibu), which translates to 'to discipline' or 'to refine.' This is often used for parents raising children or teachers guiding students, where the goal is character building rather than just retribution.

يجازي (Yujāzī): This verb is neutral and means 'to requite' or 'to repay.' It can be used for both reward and punishment, depending on the context. 'God repays the good and the bad' (يجازي الله المحسن والمسيء).
يقتص (Yaqtaṣṣu): This term is specific to the legal concept of 'Qisas' or 'retaliation in kind.' It implies a punishment that exactly matches the crime, often used in serious criminal law contexts.

بدلاً من قول يعاقب، يمكنك استخدام 'يوبّخ' إذا كان العقاب كلامياً فقط.

Instead of saying 'punish', you can use 'scold' if the punishment is only verbal.

In a formal or Islamic law context, you might encounter يعزّر (yu'azziru), which refers to discretionary punishment for crimes that don't have a fixed penalty in the Quran. Another important term is يغرم (yugharrimu), which specifically means 'to fine' or 'to impose a financial penalty.' If the punishment is specifically imprisonment, one might use يسجن (yasjunu). These specific verbs provide more detail than the general 'يعاقب'.

المعلم الحكيم يؤدب طلابه بالقدوة الحسنة قبل العقاب.

يوبّخ (Yuwa bbi khu): To scold or reprimand. This is a verbal form of punishment. It is less severe than a physical or legal 'يعاقب'.

By learning these synonyms, you can tailor your language to the specific situation. Whether you are writing a formal legal brief, a creative story, or having a conversation about parenting, choosing between 'يعاقب', 'يؤدب', and 'يجازي' will make your Arabic sound more sophisticated and precise. Always consider the intent and the severity of the action when choosing the right word.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The same root gives us 'عقب' (heel) because the heel follows the rest of the foot, and 'عاقبة' (consequence) which is what follows an action.

発音ガイド

UK /ju.ʕaː.qib/

US /ju.ˈæ.kɪb/

Primary stress is on the second syllable (ā).

韻が合う語

يراقب (yurāqib - monitors) يقارب (yuqārib - approaches) يحارب (yuḥārib - fights) يضارب (yuḍārib - speculates) يصاحب (yuṣāḥib - accompanies) يواكب (yuwākib - keeps up) يواظب (yuwāẓib - perseveres) يخاطب (yukhāṭib - addresses)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'q' as a standard 'k'.
Shortening the long 'ā' vowel.
Confusing the initial 'y' sound with 'i'.
Replacing the 'ayn' sound with a glottal stop.
Missing the 'i' sound in the final syllable.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to read but requires distinguishing between active and passive based on context.

ライティング 3/5

Requires knowledge of Form III conjugation and correct preposition usage.

スピーキング 3/5

The 'qaf' and 'ayn' sounds can be challenging for beginners to pronounce clearly.

リスニング 2/5

Commonly used in news and formal speech, making it easy to recognize with practice.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

قانون (Law) خطأ (Mistake) فعل (Action) مدرسة (School) شرطة (Police)

次に学ぶ

جريمة (Crime) محكمة (Court) عدالة (Justice) سجن (Prison) غرامة (Fine)

上級

تشريع (Legislation) ردع (Deterrence) تعزير (Discretionary punishment) قصاص (Retribution) حصانة (Immunity)

知っておくべき文法

Form III Verbs

عاقب - يعاقب (Pattern: fā'ala - yufā'ilu)

Passive Voice Construction

يُعاقَب (yu'āqabu) - Change of stem vowels.

Preposition 'على' for Cause

يعاقب على السرقة (Punishes for theft).

Preposition 'بـ' for Instrument

يعاقب بالسجن (Punishes with prison).

Subject-Verb Agreement

المعلمون يعاقبون (Plural agreement).

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レベル別の例文

المعلم يعاقب الطالب.

The teacher punishes the student.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

الأب يعاقب ابنه.

The father punishes his son.

The word 'ابنه' is the object.

هل يعاقب الشرطي السارق؟

Does the policeman punish the thief?

Interrogative sentence using 'هل'.

الأم لا تعاقب البنت.

The mother does not punish the girl.

Negative present tense using 'لا'.

هو يعاقب الكلب.

He punishes the dog.

Third person singular masculine.

نحن لا نعاقب الأطفال.

We do not punish children.

First person plural conjugation.

لماذا يعاقب الأستاذ؟

Why does the professor punish?

Question using 'لماذا'.

أنا أعاقب القطة.

I punish the cat.

First person singular conjugation.

يعاقب القانون على السرقة.

The law punishes for theft.

Use of preposition 'على' to indicate the crime.

عاقب الأب ابنه لأنه كذب.

The father punished his son because he lied.

Past tense 'عاقب' with a causal clause.

سيعاقب المدير الموظف المتأخر.

The manager will punish the late employee.

Future tense using the 'سـ' prefix.

هل عاقبتك المعلمة اليوم؟

Did the teacher punish you today?

Past tense feminine with object pronoun 'ـك'.

لا تعاقب أحداً بدون سبب.

Do not punish anyone without a reason.

Imperative negative (prohibition) using 'لا' and jussive.

سوف يعاقبون كل من يغش.

They will punish everyone who cheats.

Future tense using 'سوف' and plural verb.

يعاقب الحكم اللاعب بالبطاقة الحمراء.

The referee punishes the player with a red card.

Use of 'بـ' to indicate the method of punishment.

لم يعاقبني والدي على خطئي.

My father did not punish me for my mistake.

Negative past using 'لم' and the jussive.

يُعاقَب المجرم بالسجن لمدة عام.

The criminal is punished with imprisonment for a year.

Passive voice 'يُعاقَب' (yu'āqabu).

كان القاضي يعاقب المذنبين بصرامة.

The judge used to punish the guilty strictly.

Past continuous using 'كان' + present verb.

يجب أن يعاقب المجتمع الفساد.

Society must punish corruption.

Subjunctive mood after 'أن'.

من المهم ألا نعاقب الأطفال جسدياً.

It is important that we do not punish children physically.

Negative subjunctive 'ألا' (أن + لا).

يعاقب الموظف إذا لم يلتزم بالمواعيد.

The employee is punished if he does not stick to the schedule.

Conditional sentence using 'إذا'.

هل يُعاقب الشخص على أفكاره؟

Is a person punished for their thoughts?

Passive voice in a philosophical question.

عوقب الطالب بحرمانه من الرحلة.

The student was punished by being deprived of the trip.

Past passive 'عوقب' (ʿūqiba).

الدول التي تعاقب شعوبها تفقد شرعيتها.

Countries that punish their people lose their legitimacy.

Relative clause using 'التي'.

تُعاقب الشركات التي تلوث البيئة بغرامات باهظة.

Companies that pollute the environment are punished with heavy fines.

Passive voice with a feminine plural subject (companies).

لا يمكننا أن نعاقب شخصاً مرتين على نفس الجرم.

We cannot punish a person twice for the same crime.

Legal concept of 'double jeopardy' expressed in Arabic.

يعاقب التاريخ الذين لا يتعلمون من أخطائهم.

History punishes those who do not learn from their mistakes.

Metaphorical use of the verb.

عوقب الوزير بتهمة اختلاس الأموال العامة.

The minister was punished on charges of embezzling public funds.

Passive past with a specific legal charge.

يُعاقب القانون الدولي مرتكبي جرائم الحرب.

International law punishes perpetrators of war crimes.

Subject-verb-object in a formal legal context.

هل تعاقب نفسك على أخطاء الماضي؟

Do you punish yourself for past mistakes?

Reflexive use with 'نفسك'.

المدير الناجح لا يعاقب لمجرد العقاب.

A successful manager does not punish just for the sake of punishment.

Negative present with a purpose clause.

سيُعاقب كل من يثبت تورطه في هذه القضية.

Everyone whose involvement in this case is proven will be punished.

Future passive with a complex relative clause.

تتباين الفلسفات القانونية في كيفية معاقبة الجناة.

Legal philosophies vary in how to punish offenders.

Use of the verbal noun 'معاقبة' in an academic context.

يُعاقب الدستور أي محاولة لتقويض الديمقراطية.

The constitution punishes any attempt to undermine democracy.

Abstract subject (the constitution) performing the action.

هل يعاقب المجتمع المبدعين الذين يخرجون عن المألوف؟

Does society punish creators who deviate from the norm?

Sociological context.

عوقبت الدولة بفرض حصار اقتصادي شامل عليها.

The state was punished by the imposition of a comprehensive economic blockade on it.

Passive past with a complex prepositional phrase.

لا ينبغي أن يعاقب القانون النوايا، بل الأفعال.

The law should not punish intentions, but rather actions.

Legal philosophy regarding 'mens rea' and 'actus reus'.

يعاقب الاستبداد الأحرار بسلب حريتهم.

Tyranny punishes the free by stripping them of their freedom.

Political and metaphorical usage.

يُعاقب المنطق كل من يتجاهل الحقائق البديهية.

Logic punishes everyone who ignores self-evident facts.

Personification of 'Logic'.

عوقب الكاتب بمنع نشر مؤلفاته المثيرة للجدل.

The writer was punished by banning the publication of his controversial works.

Passive past in a censorship context.

تتجلى العدالة الإلهية في أنها لا تعاقب نفساً بوزر أخرى.

Divine justice is manifested in that it does not punish one soul for the burden of another.

Theological context based on Quranic principles.

يعاقب الدهر الغافلين بتقلبات لا تخطر على بال.

Fate punishes the heedless with fluctuations that do not cross the mind.

Classical poetic usage of 'الدهر' (fate/time).

هل يعاقب الوعي صاحبه بالندم الأبدي؟

Does consciousness punish its owner with eternal regret?

Philosophical/Existentialist inquiry.

عوقب الفيلسوف بنفيه إلى جزيرة نائية بسبب أفكاره التحررية.

The philosopher was punished by being exiled to a remote island due to his liberal ideas.

Historical/Narrative passive usage.

يُعاقب النظام الشمولي كل من يسعى لإعلاء صوت العقل.

The totalitarian system punishes everyone who seeks to raise the voice of reason.

Political science discourse.

لا يعاقب القانون على الجهل به، وهي قاعدة قانونية راسخة.

The law does not punish for ignorance of it, which is a well-established legal rule.

Formal legal maxim (Ignorantia juris non excusat).

يعاقب النسيان العظماء بمحو آثارهم من ذاكرة الأجيال.

Oblivion punishes the great by erasing their traces from the memory of generations.

Literary personification of 'Oblivion'.

عوقبت المدينة بدمار شامل جراء تمردها على السلطان.

The city was punished with total destruction as a result of its rebellion against the Sultan.

Historical/Classical narrative context.

よく使う組み合わせ

يعاقب بالسجن

يعاقب بغرامة

يعاقب على الخطأ

يعاقب بصرامة

يعاقب القانون

يعاقب نفسه

يُعاقب بالإعدام

يعاقب بشدة

يعاقب فوراً

يعاقب القضاء

よく使うフレーズ

من أمن العقاب أساء الأدب

— He who feels safe from punishment will behave badly. A common proverb about the necessity of consequences.

تذكر دائماً أن من أمن العقاب أساء الأدب.

يعاقب بموجب القانون

— Punished according to the law. Used in legal documents.

سوف يعاقب بموجب القانون الحالي.

لا يعاقب مرتين

— Not punished twice. Refers to the principle of double jeopardy.

المبدأ القانوني يقول إنه لا يعاقب الشخص مرتين على فعل واحد.

يعاقب بالرفض

— Punished by rejection. Used in social or professional contexts.

عاقبه المجتمع بالرفض التام لأفكاره.

يعاقب بالحرمان

— Punished by deprivation. Common in parenting.

يعاقب الأب ابنه بالحرمان من ألعاب الفيديو.

يعاقب بالطرد

— Punished by expulsion or firing.

يعاقب الموظف بالطرد إذا سرق أسرار الشركة.

يعاقب بالإهمال

— Punished by neglect. Used metaphorically in relationships.

كانت تعاقبه بالإهمال والصمت الطويل.

يعاقب القوي الضعيف

— The strong punishes the weak. Describes an unjust power dynamic.

في الغابة، يعاقب القوي الضعيف دائماً.

يعاقب بلا رحمة

— Punishes without mercy.

كان القائد القديم يعاقب جنوده بلا رحمة.

يعاقب ليكون عبرة

— Punishes to serve as an example/deterrent to others.

عاقب القاضي اللص ليكون عبرة لغيره.

よく混同される語

يعاقب vs يعقّب

Means 'to comment' or 'to follow up'. Has a shadda on the qaf.

يعاقب vs يتعقّب

Means 'to track' or 'to pursue'. Form V verb.

يعاقب vs يُعقِب

Means 'to result in' or 'to follow after'. Form IV verb.

慣用句と表現

"ذاق طعم العقاب"

— To taste the bitterness of punishment. Means to experience consequences firsthand.

أخيراً ذاق المهمل طعم العقاب.

Literary

"عاقبه الزمان"

— Time punished him. Used when someone faces misfortune later in life for past deeds.

كان جباراً في شبابه، والآن عاقبه الزمان بالوحدة.

Poetic

"نال عقابه العادل"

— He received his just deserts/punishment.

بعد سنوات من الهروب، نال المجرم عقابه العادل.

Formal

"عقوبة رادعة"

— A deterrent punishment. One meant to stop others from doing the same.

يجب فرض عقوبة رادعة على تجار المخدرات.

Legal

"عقاب جماعي"

— Collective punishment. Punishing a group for the actions of one individual.

العقاب الجماعي مرفوض دولياً.

Political

"تحت طائلة العقاب"

— Under the threat of punishment. Used in warnings.

يمنع التدخين هنا تحت طائلة العقاب.

Formal

"بين المطرقة والسندان"

— Between the hammer and the anvil. Often used when someone is punished by two sides.

وجد نفسه بين مطرقة القانون وسندان العصابة.

General

"يد القانون الطويلة"

— The long arm of the law. Implies that punishment will eventually reach you.

يد القانون الطويلة ستعاقب كل من يهرب.

Journalistic

"عقاب معنوي"

— Moral/Psychological punishment. Non-physical consequences.

الشعور بالذنب هو أكبر عقاب معنوي.

Academic

"دفع الثمن غاليا"

— Paid a high price. To be severely punished for an action.

لقد دفع الثمن غالياً بسبب تهوره.

Informal

間違えやすい

يعاقب vs يجازي

Both relate to consequences.

'يجازي' can be positive (reward) or negative (punish), while 'يعاقب' is strictly negative.

الله يجازي المحسن بالجنة.

يعاقب vs يؤدب

Both involve discipline.

'يؤدب' focuses on education and character building; 'يعاقب' focuses on the penalty itself.

الأم تؤدب طفلها ليتعلم الأدب.

يعاقب vs يوبّخ

Both are forms of correction.

'يوبّخ' is verbal only; 'يعاقب' usually implies a tangible penalty.

وبّخني أبي لأنني نسيت مفاتيحي.

يعاقب vs ينتقم

Both involve 'getting back' at someone.

'ينتقم' is emotional and often illegal; 'يعاقب' is usually formal and justified.

الرجل يريد أن ينتقم لموت أخيه.

يعاقب vs يسجن

Prison is a type of punishment.

'يسجن' is the specific action of putting in jail; 'يعاقب' is the general concept of penalizing.

يعاقب القاضي المجرم بأن يسجنه.

文型パターン

[Subject] يعاقب [Object].

الأب يعاقب الابن.

[Subject] يعاقب [Object] على [Reason].

الشرطي يعاقب السائق على السرعة.

يُعاقَب [Subject] بـ [Penalty].

يُعاقب اللص بالسجن.

إذا [Action], سيعاقب [Subject].

إذا غششت، سيعاقب المعلم الطالب.

لا ينبغي أن يُعاقب المرء على [Abstract Reason].

لا ينبغي أن يُعاقب المرء على التعبير عن رأيه.

يعاقب [Abstract Subject] كل من [Action].

يعاقب التاريخ كل من يخون وطنه.

كان [Subject] يعاقب [Object] بـ [Method].

كان المعلم يعاقبنا بالوقوف.

سوف يعاقب [Subject] من [Action].

سوف يعاقب المدير من يتأخر.

語族

名詞

عقاب (punishment)

عقوبة (penalty)

معاقبة (the act of punishing)

معاقب (punisher)

معاقب (punished person)

عاقبة (consequence)

動詞

عاقب (to punish - Past)

عوقب (to be punished - Past Passive)

يعاقب (to punish - Present)

يُعاقب (to be punished - Present Passive)

تعاقب (to follow each other/succession)

形容詞

عقابي (punitive)

معاقب (punished)

متعاقب (successive)

使い方

frequency

High in news, law, and education.

よくある間違い

يعقّب (with shadda) → يعاقب
Adding a shadda changes the meaning to 'commenting' instead of 'punishing'.
يعاقب السرقة → يعاقب على السرقة
You must use 'على' before the crime; otherwise, you are punishing the concept of theft itself.
عاقب بالسجن (Active) → عوقب بالسجن (Passive)
If the criminal is the subject of the sentence, you must use the passive voice.
يعاقب بـ الكذب → يعاقب على الكذب
Confusion between 'بـ' (instrument/penalty) and 'على' (reason).
يعاقبون الطالب → يعاقب المعلمون الطالب
In MSA, the verb remains singular if it precedes a plural subject.

ヒント

Mastering Form III

Remember that Form III verbs like 'يعاقب' always have a long 'a' after the first root letter. This distinguishes it from Form I or Form II.

Link with Law

Always learn 'يعاقب' alongside 'القانون' (law) and 'الجريمة' (crime) to build a thematic vocabulary cluster.

The Qaf Sound

Don't be afraid to make the 'Q' sound deep. It helps distinguish the word from 'yakib' which is not a word.

Passive Usage

Use 'يُعاقَب' when you want to sound more objective or when the punisher is obvious (like the state).

Formal Contexts

In news articles, you will almost always see 'يعاقب' followed by 'بالسجن' or 'بغرامة'.

Root Logic

Connect it to 'عاقبة' (consequence). Punishment is the consequence of an action.

Severity

Use 'يعاقب' for serious matters. For minor issues, 'يؤدب' or 'ينصح' (to advise) might be better.

The 'Ala' Rule

Think of it as 'placing a penalty ON the mistake'. This helps you remember to use 'على'.

Spotting the Masdar

Look for 'عقاب' in texts; it's the noun form and appears very frequently.

Proverb Power

Memorize the proverb 'من أمن العقاب أساء الأدب' to impress native speakers.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'A-CABBIE' (يعاقب sounds slightly like 'yu-aa-qib'). Imagine a cabbie who 'punishes' you with a high fare if you take a wrong turn.

視覚的連想

Visualize a judge's gavel (مطرقة القاضي) hitting a desk. The sound of the gavel is the moment someone 'يعاقب'.

Word Web

القانون (Law) السجن (Prison) الغرامة (Fine) العدل (Justice) الجريمة (Crime) المعلم (Teacher) الأب (Father) الذنب (Guilt)

チャレンジ

Try to use 'يعاقب' in three different sentences today: one about a law, one about a school rule, and one about a personal habit you want to stop.

語源

Derived from the Arabic root (ع-ق-ب) which primarily means 'to follow' or 'to come after.' Punishment is seen as the event that follows a deed.

元の意味： To follow behind or to happen as a consequence.

Semitic (Arabic)

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this word in sensitive social contexts; it can sound very harsh or authoritarian if not used correctly.

English speakers often use 'punish' broadly, whereas Arabic might distinguish between 'discipling' (يؤدب) and 'legal punishing' (يعاقب).

The Quranic verse: 'وإن عاقبتم فعاقبوا بمثل ما عوقبتم به' (And if you punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith you were afflicted). The legal principle 'لا جريمة ولا عقوبة إلا بنص' (No crime and no punishment except by law). Classical poetry discussing the 'punishment of love' (عذاب الحب).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Legal System

يعاقب القانون على...
عقوبة السجن
المثول أمام القضاء
تنفيذ العقوبة

Education

يعاقب الطالب المشاغب
الحرمان من الفسحة
قواعد المدرسة
توبيخ المعلم

Family

يعاقب الأب أبناءه
ممنوع من الخروج
اسمع الكلام
لا تكرر هذا الخطأ

Sports

يعاقب اللاعب
بطاقة صفراء
طرد من الملعب
إيقاف لمباراتين

International Relations

يعاقب المجتمع الدولي
فرض عقوبات
حصار اقتصادي
انتهاك المعاهدات

会話のきっかけ

"هل تعتقد أن القانون يعاقب المجرمين بشكل كافٍ؟"

"كيف كان والداك يعاقبانك عندما كنت طفلاً؟"

"هل يجب أن يعاقب المعلم الطلاب بالضرب؟"

"ما هي أغرب عقوبة سمعت عنها في حياتك؟"

"هل يعاقب الإنسان نفسه أكثر من الآخرين؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن موقف عوقبت فيه ظلماً وكيف شعرت تجاه ذلك.

هل تعتقد أن الغرامات المالية كافية ليعاقب بها الناس على مخالفات المرور؟

ناقش فكرة العقاب في المدارس: هل هو وسيلة فعالة للتعلم؟

صف شعورك عندما ترى شخصاً يعاقب على جريمة ارتكبها.

اكتب رسالة إلى نفسك في الماضي حول خطأ ارتكبته وعوقبت عليه.

よくある質問

10 問

No, it is a general term. It can refer to physical punishment, financial fines, imprisonment, or even social consequences like being ignored.

'عقاب' is the general noun for punishment, while 'عقوبة' often refers to a specific, formal penalty defined by law or rules.

No, 'يعاقب' is strictly for negative consequences. Use 'يكافئ' or 'يثيب' for rewards.

Yes, variations of the root are used frequently to discuss divine justice and the consequences of sin.

You use the passive past voice: 'عوقب' (ʿūqiba).

Use 'على'. For example: 'يعاقب على الكذب' (Punishes for lying).

In a metaphorical sense, yes. For example, 'The system punishes incorrect inputs' (يعاقب النظام المدخلات الخاطئة).

Yes, it is understood in all dialects, though some regions might prefer 'يجازي' or other local terms in casual speech.

The root is (ع-ق-ب), which relates to things that follow or come after.

Yes, it carries a serious and formal tone, especially in legal and educational contexts.

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