このページをあなたの言語で

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 noun #4,500 よく出る 8分で読める

Ruf

上位4,500

練習する例文メモとヒント Ruf 30秒で

解説 Ruf in your Level:

At the A1 level, you primarily learn 'Ruf' in its most literal sense: a shout or a call. You might encounter it in simple stories where someone calls for a friend ('Ein Ruf aus dem Garten'). At this stage, you don't need to worry about the complex social meanings of reputation. Focus on the gender (der Ruf) and the plural (die Rufe). You might also see it in the compound word 'Hilferuf' (call for help), which is common in basic emergency vocabulary. Remember that 'Ruf' is not used for phone calls (that is 'Anruf'). If you hear someone shouting 'Hallo!', that is a 'Ruf'. It is a short, simple word that helps you describe basic auditory actions. You should also recognize it in the context of animals, like 'der Ruf der Eule' (the call of the owl). At A1, the goal is simply to recognize the sound-based meaning and distinguish it from other types of communication.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

By A2, you start to see 'Ruf' used in slightly more abstract ways, though the literal meaning of 'shout' is still dominant. You might learn the phrase 'einen Ruf haben' (to have a reputation) in the context of describing people or places. For example, 'Das Restaurant hat einen guten Ruf' (The restaurant has a good reputation). This is a useful way to expand your descriptive abilities. You will also encounter 'Ruf' in compound nouns like 'Rückruf' (recall or call back). In a business setting at A2, you might learn to say 'Ich erwarte einen Rückruf' (I am expecting a call back). You are beginning to understand that 'Ruf' is a versatile building block in the German language. You should practice using it with simple adjectives like 'gut', 'schlecht', or 'bekannt'. This level is about moving from purely physical sounds to the very first steps of social description.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the B1 level, 'Ruf' as 'reputation' becomes a core part of your vocabulary. You are expected to discuss social issues, work environments, and personal character. Knowing how to say 'seinen Ruf schädigen' (to damage one's reputation) or 'einen Ruf zu verlieren haben' (to have a reputation to lose) is essential for B1 exams and conversations. You should understand the difference between 'Ruf' and 'Image'. You will also encounter the word in more idiomatic expressions, such as 'seinem Ruf gerecht werden' (to live up to one's reputation). At this level, you start to see 'Ruf' in professional contexts, such as a university 'Ruf' (an offer of a professorship). You are now using 'Ruf' to express complex ideas about trust and public opinion. It is no longer just a sound; it is a social currency. You should be comfortable using it in the accusative and dative cases correctly within longer sentences.

At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'Ruf' with high-level collocations and in more formal registers. You will use verbs like 'genießen' (to enjoy a reputation) or 'wiederherstellen' (to restore a reputation). You will encounter the word in political and legal contexts, such as 'Rufmord' (character assassination). You should be able to discuss how media impacts the 'Ruf' of public figures. Furthermore, the literal meaning of 'call' returns in more metaphorical ways, such as 'der Ruf nach Veränderung' (the call for change). You are expected to understand the nuances between 'Ruf', 'Ansehen', and 'Renommee'. Your ability to use 'Ruf' should reflect a deeper understanding of German social values, where a person's standing is often tied to their professional integrity and history. You can now use the word to construct sophisticated arguments about ethics and public relations.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

In C1, your use of 'Ruf' should be near-native. you will encounter it in literature and academic texts where it might represent 'vocation' (Berufung) or a profound 'call' from nature or destiny. You will understand the historical weight of the word, perhaps in the context of 'Ehrgefühl' (sense of honor). You will be able to use the word in complex grammatical structures, such as 'In Anbetracht seines zweifelhaften Rufes...' (In view of his dubious reputation...). You will also recognize the word in high-level academic administration ('Berufungsverfahren'). At this level, you should be able to play with the word's double meaning (shout vs. reputation) for rhetorical effect. You will also understand rare idioms and historical proverbs involving 'Ruf'. Your vocabulary will include related terms like 'verrufen' (disreputable) and 'rufmordend' (libelous).

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'Ruf' in all its polysemous glory. You can appreciate the word's use in classical German philosophy and literature (e.g., Goethe or Schiller), where 'der Ruf' might signify a transcendental calling. You understand the subtle sociolinguistic implications of choosing 'Ruf' over 'Renommee' in different social strata. You can navigate the most complex legal discussions regarding 'Rufschädigung' and 'Verleumdung'. You are also aware of the word's etymological roots and how it has evolved from a simple Germanic cry to a complex pillar of social identity. You can use the word with absolute precision in any context, from the most informal slang ('einen Ruf weg haben') to the most elevated academic discourse. Your understanding is nuanced enough to detect irony or sarcasm when someone's 'Ruf' is mentioned in a particular tone.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

練習する例文メモとヒント

Ruf 30秒で

Ruf means reputation (how people see you) or a literal call/shout.
It is a masculine noun: der Ruf, plural: die Rufe.
Commonly used with verbs like haben, genießen, and schädigen.
Crucial in professional contexts, especially academia (professorship offers).

The German word Ruf is a fascinating noun that straddles the line between physical sound and abstract social standing. At its core, it refers to a 'call' or a 'shout,' but for a B1 learner, its most critical meaning is reputation. This refers to the collective beliefs, opinions, or estimates held by the public or a specific group about a person, an institution, or a brand. Unlike the English word 'image,' which often implies a manufactured or curated persona, Ruf suggests something earned over time, rooted in history and consistent behavior.

Social Standing: In German culture, a person's Ruf is considered a precious asset. To have a 'guter Ruf' means you are trusted, reliable, and respected within your community or profession.
The Act of Calling: In a more literal sense, it is the sound of someone calling out. For example, a 'Hilferuf' is a cry for help. However, even in professional contexts, a 'Ruf' can refer to being 'called' to a university professorship (ein Ruf an eine Universität).
Fragility: Germans often use the word in the context of it being damaged or lost. The phrase 'seinen Ruf ruinieren' (to ruin one's reputation) is a common warning in both business and private life.

"Ist der Ruf erst ruiniert, lebt es sich ganz ungeniert."

A famous German proverb suggesting that once your reputation is destroyed, you can live without inhibitions.

When you use this word, you are often discussing the weight of the past on the present. If a restaurant has a 'schlechter Ruf,' it doesn't matter how good the food is today; the weight of previous bad experiences lingers in the word Ruf. It is something that precedes you, as seen in the expression 'seinem Ruf vorausgehen' (to precede one's reputation).

The word is masculine (der Ruf) and follows standard declension patterns. In the plural, it becomes 'die Rufe'. While 'Rufe' usually refers to physical shouts (e.g., 'die Rufe der Kinder'), the concept of reputation is generally used in the singular. You wouldn't say someone has 'many reputations' in German; they simply have a reputation that is multifaceted.

Das Unternehmen genießt weltweit einen hervorragenden Ruf für Qualität.

Professional Context: In academia, receiving a 'Ruf' is the highest honor, meaning a university has officially invited you to take a chair as a professor.

Using Ruf correctly requires understanding the verbs it typically pairs with (collocations). Because reputation is something you possess, earn, or lose, the verbs are crucial for sounding natural. The most common construction is 'einen [Adjektiv] Ruf haben'.

Having a Reputation: Use 'haben' for general statements: "Er hat einen guten Ruf." (He has a good reputation.)
Enjoying a Reputation: Use 'genießen' for more formal or positive contexts: "Die Firma genießt einen exzellenten Ruf." (The company enjoys an excellent reputation.)
Damaging a Reputation: Use 'schädigen' or 'ruinieren': "Dieser Skandal hat seinen Ruf geschädigt." (This scandal damaged his reputation.)

Sie hat den Ruf, sehr streng, aber fair zu sein.

Translation: She has the reputation of being very strict but fair.

Grammatically, when you want to specify what the reputation is for, you can use a comma followed by an infinitive construction or a prepositional phrase with 'als'. For example, "Er hat den Ruf als bester Mechaniker der Stadt." (He has the reputation as the best mechanic in town.)

In the plural, 'Rufe' is almost exclusively used for acoustic signals. "Ich hörte laute Rufe aus dem Wald" (I heard loud shouts from the forest). You will rarely, if ever, talk about 'reputations' in the plural in German; instead, you would describe different aspects of one 'Ruf'.

Der Ruf nach Reformen wurde immer lauter.

Here, 'Ruf' means 'call' or 'demand' in a political context.

Following a Call: "Er folgte dem Ruf der Wildnis." (He followed the call of the wild.) This uses the literal meaning of 'call' metaphorically.

You will encounter Ruf in a variety of settings, ranging from high-stakes business meetings to casual neighborhood gossip. Understanding the context helps you determine whether it refers to someone's character or a literal shout.

In Business & Marketing: Companies are obsessed with their 'Ruf'. You'll hear CEOs talking about 'Rufschädigung' (damage to reputation) if a product fails or a scandal breaks. In job interviews, an employer might say, 'Unser Haus hat einen Ruf zu verlieren,' meaning they have a high standard to maintain.
In the News: Journalists often use 'Ruf' when discussing politicians. A 'Rufmordkampagne' (character assassination campaign) is a common term in political reporting when one party tries to destroy the credibility of an opponent.
In Daily Life: If you are looking for a good doctor or craftsman, a friend might say: 'Geh zu Dr. Müller, der hat einen sehr guten Ruf.' This is the German equivalent of saying 'he comes highly recommended.'

"Sein guter Ruf eilte ihm voraus."

A common literary and formal phrase meaning someone's positive reputation reached people before they even met the person.

In academic circles, the word takes on a very specific technical meaning. When a professor is offered a position at a university, it is called 'ein Ruf'. If they get multiple offers, they have 'mehrere Rufe'. This is a peak moment in a German academic's career.

Lastly, in literature and film, you'll hear 'der Ruf der Freiheit' (the call of freedom) or 'der Ruf des Herzens' (the call of the heart). Here, 'Ruf' takes on a poetic, internal quality, representing a deep vocation or desire that pulls a character toward a certain destiny.

While Ruf is a relatively short word, its multiple meanings and similar-sounding relatives lead to frequent errors for English speakers. Avoid these common pitfalls to sound more like a native speaker.

Ruf vs. Anruf: This is the #1 mistake. English uses 'call' for both a reputation and a phone call. German does not.
Wrong: "Ich warte auf deinen Ruf." (Unless you want them to shout from the window.)
Right: "Ich warte auf deinen Anruf." (Phone call.)
Ruf vs. Name: Sometimes learners use 'Ruf' when they mean 'Name' (name/fame). While they are related, 'Ruf' is what people say about you, while 'Name' is your identity. However, 'sich einen Namen machen' (to make a name for oneself) is a valid synonym for building a 'Ruf'.
Genders and Articles: 'Ruf' is masculine. Using 'das Ruf' or 'die Ruf' is a common error. Remember: Der Ruf.

Falsch: Das Geschäft hat eine schlechte Ruf.
Richtig: Das Geschäft hat einen schlechten Ruf.

Another mistake involves the plural. Learners often try to use 'Rufe' to mean 'reputations' of different people. In German, we usually stay singular: "Beide Männer haben einen schlechten Ruf" (Both men have a [singular] bad reputation). Using 'Rufe' here would imply they are both shouting.

German has several words for 'reputation' and 'standing,' each with a slightly different nuance. Choosing the right one can elevate your German from functional to sophisticated.

Ansehen: Ansehen (neuter) is very close to 'Ruf' but focuses more on prestige and respect. While 'Ruf' can be bad, 'Ansehen' is almost always used in a positive or neutral-high context. "Er genießt hohes Ansehen."
Renommee: Renommee (neuter, from French) is very formal. It is used for the international standing of universities, luxury brands, or famous scientists. It sounds more 'elite' than 'Ruf'.
Leumund: Leumund (masculine) is an old-fashioned, legalistic term. You might see it in 'Leumundszeugnis' (a certificate of good conduct/character reference). It's rarely used in daily conversation.
Image: Image (neuter, pronounced as in English) refers to the perceived picture. A company might have a cool 'Image' but a bad 'Ruf' if their products actually break often. 'Image' is about branding; 'Ruf' is about reality and history.

Word	Nuance	Example
Ruf	General/earned	Guter Ruf
Ansehen	Respect/Prestige	Hohes Ansehen
Image	Marketing/Surface	Modernes Image

When you want to describe a 'call' in the sense of a shout, alternatives include 'Schrei' (scream/shout) or 'Zurufe' (calls directed at someone). If you mean a 'vocation,' you could use 'Berufung'.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The transition from 'shout' to 'reputation' happened because what people 'shouted' or said about you became your social standing.

発音ガイド

UK /ruːf/

US /ruf/

Single syllable, primary stress on the entire word.

韻が合う語

Huf Pfuh Beruf Anruf Zuru Schuh Kuh Fluh

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it like 'rough' (English).
Making the 'u' too short like 'ruff'.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'reif' (ripe).
Over-rolling the 'r' in a way that sounds unnatural.
Misplacing the stress in compound words like 'Rückruf'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize, but context is needed to distinguish shout from reputation.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct adjective endings and case usage (den/einen Ruf).

スピーキング 3/5

Simple pronunciation, but don't confuse it with 'Anruf'.

リスニング 2/5

Very distinct sound in spoken German.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

rufen gut schlecht Name hören

次に学ぶ

Ansehen Berufung bekannt berühmt schädigen

上級

Leumund Diffamierung Renommee Vakanz Prestige

知っておくべき文法

Masculine Noun Declension

Der Ruf (Nom), des Rufes (Gen), dem Ruf (Dat), den Ruf (Acc).

Compound Nouns

Hilfe + Ruf = der Hilferuf.

Adjective Endings after Indefinite Article

Ein gut**er** Ruf (Nom), einen gut**en** Ruf (Acc).

Genitive Case for Possession

Der Ruf des Mannes.

Infinitive clauses with 'zu'

Er versucht, seinen Ruf zu retten.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

レベル別の例文

Ich höre einen Ruf.

I hear a call/shout.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

Der Ruf war laut.

The call was loud.

Use of the masculine article 'der'.

Hörst du den Ruf?

Do you hear the call?

Accusative case: 'den Ruf'.

Ein Ruf kommt aus dem Haus.

A shout comes from the house.

Prepositional phrase 'aus dem Haus'.

Sein Ruf ist kurz.

His call is short.

Possessive pronoun 'sein'.

Die Rufe der Vögel sind schön.

The calls of the birds are beautiful.

Plural form 'Rufe'.

Woher kommt der Ruf?

Where is the call coming from?

Interrogative sentence.

Ich gebe einen Ruf.

I give a shout.

Indefinite article 'einen' in accusative.

Das Hotel hat einen guten Ruf.

The hotel has a good reputation.

Adjective ending '-en' for masculine accusative.

Er hat einen schlechten Ruf.

He has a bad reputation.

Common phrase 'einen schlechten Ruf haben'.

Kennst du den Ruf dieser Schule?

Do you know the reputation of this school?

Genitive 'dieser Schule' modifying 'Ruf'.

Der Ruf des Lehrers ist exzellent.

The teacher's reputation is excellent.

Genitive 'des Lehrers'.

Wir müssen unseren Ruf schützen.

We must protect our reputation.

Modal verb 'müssen' with infinitive 'schützen'.

Sie hat einen Ruf als Expertin.

She has a reputation as an expert.

Use of 'als' to specify the reputation.

Der Ruf war weithin hörbar.

The shout was audible from afar.

Adverb 'weithin'.

Sein Ruf ist mir egal.

I don't care about his reputation.

Dative 'mir' indicating personal feeling.

Die Firma genießt einen hervorragenden Ruf.

The company enjoys an outstanding reputation.

Formal verb 'genießen' used with 'Ruf'.

Der Skandal hat seinen Ruf völlig zerstört.

The scandal completely destroyed his reputation.

Perfect tense: 'hat ... zerstört'.

Sie versucht, ihren Ruf zu verbessern.

She is trying to improve her reputation.

Infinitive construction with 'zu'.

Man darf seinen Ruf nicht leichtfertig aufs Spiel setzen.

One must not carelessly risk one's reputation.

Idiom 'aufs Spiel setzen' (to risk).

Der Ruf nach Reformen wird lauter.

The call for reforms is getting louder.

Metaphorical use of 'Ruf' as a demand.

Er folgte dem Ruf an die Universität Berlin.

He accepted the call to the University of Berlin.

Special academic meaning of 'Ruf'.

Sein Ruf als ehrlicher Mann ist bekannt.

His reputation as an honest man is well-known.

Apposition with 'als'.

Trotz seines Rufes wurde er eingestellt.

Despite his reputation, he was hired.

Genitive after 'trotz'.

Die Nachricht war ein Weckruf für die Politik.

The news was a wake-up call for politics.

Compound noun 'Weckruf'.

Sie hat sich einen Ruf als knallharte Verhandlerin erarbeitet.

She has earned a reputation as a tough negotiator.

Reflexive 'sich erarbeiten'.

Das ist eine gezielte Kampagne zur Rufschädigung.

That is a targeted campaign for character assassination.

Compound noun 'Rufschädigung'.

Der Ruf eilte ihm voraus, sodass alle ihn sehen wollten.

His reputation preceded him, so everyone wanted to see him.

Subordinating conjunction 'sodass'.

Es ist schwer, einen verlorenen Ruf wiederherzustellen.

It is hard to restore a lost reputation.

Adjective 'verloren' as an attribute.

Er hörte den Ruf der Ferne und ging auf Reisen.

He heard the call of the distance and went traveling.

Poetic use of 'Ruf'.

Die Qualität unserer Produkte begründet unseren Ruf.

The quality of our products establishes our reputation.

Verb 'begründen' (to establish/found).

Sein Ruf steht auf dem Spiel.

His reputation is at stake.

Idiom 'auf dem Spiel stehen'.

Die Diffamierung seines Rufes war juristisch belangbar.

The defamation of his reputation was legally actionable.

Noun 'Diffamierung' with genitive.

Er genießt den Ruf eines unbestechlichen Richters.

He enjoys the reputation of an incorruptible judge.

Genitive attribute 'eines ... Richters'.

Der Ruf nach mehr Transparenz verhallte ungehört.

The call for more transparency went unheard.

Verb 'verhallen' (to die away).

In akademischen Kreisen hat dieser Ruf ein enormes Gewicht.

In academic circles, this call/reputation carries enormous weight.

Prepositional phrase 'in ... Kreisen'.

Sein Ruf war durch die Vorwürfe nachhaltig ramponiert.

His reputation was permanently battered by the allegations.

Participle 'ramponiert' (battered/damaged).

Sie lehnte den Ruf an die Universität Heidelberg ab.

She declined the call to the University of Heidelberg.

Separable verb 'ablehnen'.

Sein Ruf ist über jeden Zweifel erhaben.

His reputation is beyond all doubt.

Idiom 'über jeden Zweifel erhaben'.

Die Firma ist bestrebt, ihren Ruf im Ausland zu festigen.

The company is anxious to consolidate its reputation abroad.

Adjective 'bestrebt' with infinitive.

Die ontologische Bedeutung des Rufes bei Heidegger ist komplex.

The ontological significance of the call in Heidegger's work is complex.

Highly academic terminology.

Einem Ruf zu folgen, bedeutet oft, Sicherheiten aufzugeben.

To follow a call often means giving up securities.

Infinitive clause as a subject.

Die subtile Rufschädigung erfolgte durch gezielte Indiskretionen.

The subtle damage to reputation occurred through targeted indiscretions.

Passive construction with 'erfolgte'.

Sein Ruf war das Resultat jahrzehntelanger lautrer Lebensführung.

His reputation was the result of decades of upright living.

Genitive construction with 'lautrer' (pure/upright).

Es bedarf keines Rufes, um die Wahrheit zu erkennen.

No call is needed to recognize the truth.

Impersonal 'es bedarf' with genitive.

Die Rufe der Vergangenheit hallen in der Gegenwart nach.

The calls of the past echo in the present.

Metaphorical plural.

Er sah sich dem Ruf der Pflicht gegenübergestellt.

He found himself confronted with the call of duty.

Reflexive 'sich ... gegenübergestellt sehen'.

Jeder Versuch, seinen Ruf reinzuwaschen, schlug fehl.

Every attempt to clear his name failed.

Separable infinitive 'reinzuwaschen'.

よく使う組み合わせ

einen Ruf haben

einen Ruf genießen

seinen Ruf ruinieren

dem Ruf folgen

einen Ruf schädigen

einem Ruf gerecht werden

Ruf nach etwas

zweifelhafter Ruf

Ruf erhalten

Ruf wiederherstellen

よく使うフレーズ

Sein Ruf eilt ihm voraus.

— People already know about his reputation before they meet him.

Bevor er ankam, wussten alle von seinem Talent; sein Ruf eilte ihm voraus.

Einen guten Ruf verlieren.

— To lose the respect people had for you.

Man kann einen guten Ruf in Sekunden verlieren.

Den Ruf weg haben.

— To have a certain reputation (often negative) that is hard to change.

Seit dem Vorfall hat er den Ruf als Dieb weg.

Ruf an eine Uni.

— An offer of a professorship at a university.

Sie hat einen Ruf nach München bekommen.

Ein Ruf wie Donnerhall.

— A very powerful or legendary reputation.

Der Dirigent hat einen Ruf wie Donnerhall.

Einen Ruf zu verteidigen haben.

— To have a reputation that one needs to protect.

Als Weltmeister hat er einen Ruf zu verteidigen.

Dem Ruf des Geldes folgen.

— To be motivated purely by financial gain.

Er folgte dem Ruf des Geldes und wechselte die Firma.

Ruf der Wildnis.

— The call of the wild (nature's pull).

Im Urlaub spürte er den Ruf der Wildnis.

Jemanden in Verruf bringen.

— To bring someone into disrepute.

Diese Aktion hat die ganze Gruppe in Verruf gebracht.

Ein schlechter Ruf.

— A bad reputation.

Die Gegend hat leider einen schlechten Ruf.

よく混同される語

Ruf vs Anruf

English 'call' covers both. In German, 'Anruf' is only for the phone.

Ruf vs Beruf

Sounds similar. 'Beruf' means profession, though they share the same root.

Ruf vs Gerücht

A 'Gerücht' is a rumor. A 'Ruf' is the established reputation resulting from many rumors or facts.

慣用句と表現

"Ist der Ruf erst ruiniert, lebt es sich ganz ungeniert."

— Once your reputation is gone, you don't have to worry about social constraints anymore.

Er macht jetzt, was er will; ist der Ruf erst ruiniert...

colloquial/proverbial

"Einen Ruf wie ein Donnerhall haben."

— To have a massive, unavoidable reputation.

Diese Anwaltskanzlei hat einen Ruf wie ein Donnerhall.

literary

"Sich einen Ruf erarbeiten."

— To work hard to gain a specific reputation.

Sie hat sich mühsam einen Ruf als Expertin erarbeitet.

neutral

"Seinem Ruf alle Ehre machen."

— To behave exactly as people expected based on one's reputation.

Er kam wieder zu spät und machte seinem Ruf alle Ehre.

neutral/ironic

"Den Ruf eines ... genießen."

— To be widely regarded as something positive.

Er genießt den Ruf eines Genies.

formal

"Ein Ruf in der Wüste sein."

— A cry in the wilderness (a warning that is ignored).

Seine Warnung war leider nur ein Ruf in der Wüste.

literary

"Einen Ruf verhallen lassen."

— To ignore a call or demand.

Die Regierung ließ den Ruf nach Hilfe verhallen.

formal

"Jemandem eilt sein Ruf voraus."

— Someone is known by reputation before meeting others.

Ihr Ruf als brillante Rednerin eilte ihr voraus.

formal

"Seinen Ruf aufs Spiel setzen."

— To risk one's reputation.

Setz deinen Ruf nicht für so eine Kleinigkeit aufs Spiel!

neutral

"In Verruf geraten."

— To fall into disrepute.

Das Viertel ist wegen der Kriminalität in Verruf geraten.

formal

間違えやすい

Ruf vs Anruf

Both translate to 'call' in English.

Anruf is specifically a phone call; Ruf is a shout or reputation.

Ich habe einen Anruf bekommen, aber mein Ruf ist mir wichtiger.

Ruf vs Beruf

Similar phonetics.

Beruf is a job; Ruf is reputation/shout.

In meinem Beruf ist ein guter Ruf wichtig.

Ruf vs Ausruf

Both refer to vocalizing.

Ausruf is an exclamation (grammar) or a specific cry; Ruf is more general.

Ein Ausruf des Staunens war zu hören.

Ruf vs Zurufe

Plural forms of similar concepts.

Zurufe are shouts directed at a person (like in a stadium); Rufe are general shouts.

Die Zurufe der Fans motivierten ihn.

Ruf vs Image

Synonyms for reputation.

Image is how you want to be seen (PR); Ruf is how you are actually seen (history).

Sein Image ist cool, aber sein Ruf ist schlecht.

文型パターン

[Subjekt] hat einen [Adjektiv] Ruf.

Die Schule hat einen guten Ruf.

[Subjekt] genießt einen [Adjektiv] Ruf als [Nomen].

Er genießt einen exzellenten Ruf als Arzt.

Der Ruf nach [Dativ-Nomen] wird lauter.

Der Ruf nach Veränderungen wird lauter.

Sein Ruf eilte ihm voraus.

Sein Ruf als Genie eilte ihm voraus.

[Subjekt] setzt seinen Ruf aufs Spiel.

Sie setzt ihren Ruf aufs Spiel.

In Verruf geraten durch [Akkusativ].

Die Bank ist durch den Skandal in Verruf geraten.

Einen Ruf an eine Universität erhalten.

Sie erhielt einen Ruf an die Universität Wien.

Dem Ruf [Genitiv] folgen.

Er folgte dem Ruf seines Gewissens.

語族

名詞

Anruf

Rückruf

Aufruf

Ausruf

Hilferuf

Widerruf

Berufung

動詞

rufen

anrufen

berufen

widerrufen

ausrufen

形容詞

verrufen

berühmt

berufen

使い方

frequency

High, especially in news and professional contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 'Ruf' for a phone call. → Anruf
Ruf is a shout or reputation. Anruf is specifically a telephonic call.
Saying 'das Ruf'. → der Ruf
Ruf is masculine. Using the wrong gender is a common grammatical error.
Using 'für' for 'reputation for'. → als / wegen
In German, we say 'Ruf als Experte' (reputation as an expert) or 'Ruf wegen seiner Pünktlichkeit'.
Pluralizing 'Ruf' to mean multiple reputations. → Singular 'Ruf'
Even if referring to many people, you usually say 'Sie haben einen guten Ruf'. 'Rufe' implies they are shouting.
Confusing 'Ruf' with 'Beruf'. → Ruf (Reputation) vs. Beruf (Job)
They sound similar but have different meanings. 'Beruf' is your occupation.

ヒント

Masculine Gender

Always remember 'der Ruf'. In sentences like 'He has a good reputation', it becomes 'einen guten Ruf' because it is the direct object (accusative).

Business German

In a professional setting, use the verb 'genießen' (to enjoy) to talk about a positive reputation. It sounds much more professional than just 'haben'.

Not for Phones

Never say 'Ich warte auf deinen Ruf' when you want someone to call your mobile. Say 'Ich warte auf deinen Anruf'.

Reputation Precedes

Use the phrase 'Sein Ruf eilt ihm voraus' when you want to describe someone who is very famous in their field.

Rufschädigung

If someone says something bad about you that isn't true, that is 'Rufschädigung'. This is a serious legal term in Germany.

The Academic Call

If you hear a professor say 'Ich habe einen Ruf bekommen', they are not talking about a phone call, but a job offer for a professorship.

Long U

Make sure the 'u' in Ruf is long and clear /uː/. If you make it too short, it might be harder to understand.

Using 'als'

To say reputation 'as' something, use 'als'. Example: 'Sein Ruf als bester Koch'.

German Values

Reputation is highly valued in Germany. Protecting one's 'Ruf' is a matter of personal and professional honor.

Den Ruf weghaben

This is a great informal phrase for when someone is stuck with a certain label or reputation, usually a bad one.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Roof'. Your reputation is the 'roof' over your social house; if it's broken, you get wet!

視覚的連想

Imagine a person standing on a mountain shouting their name. The echo that comes back is their 'Ruf' (reputation).

Word Web

Anruf Beruf Hilferuf Ansehen Image Schrei Ehre Name

チャレンジ

Try to use 'Ruf' in three different ways today: as a shout, as a reputation, and as a professional 'call'.

語源

Derived from the Old High German 'hruof', which meant a shout or a cry. It is related to the verb 'rufen'.

元の意味： A loud acoustic signal intended to be heard from a distance.

Germanic

文化的な背景

Be careful when discussing someone's 'Ruf' in a professional setting; it can be seen as very serious or even litigious (Rufschädigung).

English speakers often use 'reputation' or 'name', but rarely 'call' to mean reputation. This is a key distinction.

Goethe's 'Faust' (the call of the soul) Jack London's 'Ruf der Wildnis' (German title for Call of the Wild) The proverb: 'Ist der Ruf erst ruiniert...'

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Business

Rufschädigung vermeiden
Einen Ruf aufbauen
Markenruf
Geschäftsruf

Education

Einen Ruf erhalten
Ruf an die Uni
Berufungsverfahren
Akademischer Ruf

Nature

Der Ruf des Kuckucks
Lockrufe der Tiere
Ruf der Wildnis
Vogelrufe

Politics

Ruf nach Reformen
Rufmordkampagne
Öffentlicher Ruf
Ruf der Wähler

Social Life

Einen Ruf weghaben
Guter Ruf in der Nachbarschaft
In Verruf bringen
Seinem Ruf gerecht werden

会話のきっかけ

"Hat dieses Restaurant einen guten Ruf?"

"Welche Firma in deiner Stadt hat den besten Ruf?"

"Ist dir dein Ruf wichtiger als dein Geld?"

"Wie kann man einen schlechten Ruf wieder verbessern?"

"Hast du schon mal einen Hilferuf gehört?"

日記のテーマ

Beschreibe eine Person, die einen sehr interessanten Ruf hat. Warum ist das so?

Wie wichtig ist dir dein eigener Ruf in den sozialen Medien?

Was würdest du tun, wenn jemand deinen Ruf mit Lügen schädigt?

Glaubst du, dass Firmen ihren Ruf heute schneller verlieren als früher?

Erinnere dich an einen Moment, in dem du einem 'Ruf' gefolgt bist (z.B. ein Hobby oder ein Umzug).

よくある質問

10 問

Nein, ein Ruf kann gut (positiv) oder schlecht (negativ) sein. Man kann auch einen 'zweifelhaften Ruf' (dubious reputation) haben.

Ansehen ist meistens positiv und formeller. Ruf kann neutral, positiv oder negativ sein und ist allgemeiner.

Nein, das ist ein häufiger Fehler. Benutze immer 'Anruf' für das Telefon.

Es bedeutet 'character assassination'. Es ist, wenn jemand absichtlich Lügen verbreitet, um den Ruf einer anderen Person zu zerstören.

Man sagt 'den Ruf haben, ... zu sein'. Zum Beispiel: 'Er hat den Ruf, pünktlich zu sein.'

Wörtlich ein Signal zum Aufwachen, aber meistens metaphorisch für eine Warnung oder ein Ereignis, das zum Handeln zwingt.

Der Plural ist 'die Rufe'. Er wird meistens für laute Schreie verwendet.

Es kann bedeuten, eine Stelle an einer Universität anzunehmen oder einer inneren Leidenschaft/Vocation zu folgen.

Es ist ein starkes Maskulinum (Genitiv: des Rufes/Rufs).

Benutze 'Renommee' für sehr formelle Dinge wie den Ruf einer Universität, eines Spitzenrestaurants oder eines weltbekannten Instituts.

無料登録してヒントとメモを見る