Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of sharing your journey and connecting through shared life experiences.
- Express things you haven't done yet using negative forms.
- Ask engaging questions about others' past experiences and achievements.
- Inquire about the duration of ongoing life situations using 'How long'.
Your story, your journey, your voice.
学べること
Ready to confidently share your unique story and discover others'? This chapter empowers you to talk about what you have – and haven't – experienced, and ask 'How long have you...?' to connect deeply about life's journey.
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現在完了否定形 (まだ〜していない)まだ終わっていない期間で「起きていないこと」を話すときに使うのが、現在完了形否定文です。「haven't」や「hasn't」が、まさにその「まだ」という気持ちを表す魔法の言葉！
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人生と進捗について尋ねる（現在完了形の質問）Mastering Present Perfect questions unlocks deep conversations about life experiences and current situations.
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現在完了形と「How Long」：期間を尋ねる「How long have you...?」をマスターして、過去から今につながる会話を自然に楽しもう！
forやsinceが最高の相棒だよ。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to describe unfulfilled plans and missed experiences using negative present perfect structures.
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2
By the end you will be able to initiate conversations about life milestones and travel by forming present perfect questions.
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3
By the end you will be able to accurately ask and answer questions regarding the duration of current jobs, residences, or hobbies.
チャプターガイド
Overview
Overview
Ready to unlock a new level of confidence in your English conversations? This chapter is your guide to confidently sharing your unique story and truly connecting with others about their journeys. As a B1 English grammar learner, you're at a fantastic stage where you can handle most situations while travelling and express yourself more deeply.
Mastering the grammar in this section will empower you to move beyond simple past events and discuss the experiences that have shaped you, and those you haven't encountered yet. You'll learn the essential tools for
English talking about life experienceswith nuance and precision.
We'll dive into how to use the Present Perfect Negative to talk about things you haven't done or seen, and how to formulate engaging Present Perfect questions to ask about the richness of others' lives without needing to know *exactly* when something happened. Crucially, you'll also discover how to use
How longwith the Present Perfect to inquire about the duration of ongoing situations, creating meaningful connections by asking about someone's journey, not just their destination. This B1 English grammar will help you sound more natural and engaged in everyday chats.
How This Grammar Works
At its heart, the Present Perfect connects the past to the present. We use have/has + the past participle of a verb. For example,
I have travelled a lot.This chapter expands on this core idea.
First, let's look at the Present Perfect Negative. We use it to talk about things that haven't happened up to now, often implying they might still happen. You form it by adding
not to have or has: haven't (have not) or hasn't (has not).For instance, "I haven't tried surfing yet" means that, up to this moment, surfing is not an experience I've had. Or, "She hasn't visited her grandparents this month" implies the month isn't over and she still might.
Next, we use Present Perfect questions to ask about experiences or actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past, but are relevant to the present. We don't care *when* exactly, just *if* it happened. The structure is Have/Has + subject + past participle...? A common word used here is ever.
For example,
Have you ever seen a live concert?or
Has he finished his project yet?These questions open the door to sharing life stories.
Finally, to ask about the *duration* of something that started in the past and is *still ongoing* in the present, we use
How longwith the Present Perfect. The structure is How long + have/has + subject + past participle...? or How long + have/has + subject + been + -ing...? For example,
How long have you lived in London?(You still live there.) or
How long has she been studying French?(She is still studying it.) This is perfect for understanding commitments and ongoing situations.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Using Simple Past for general experiences:
* ✗
Did you ever go to Japan?
* ✓
Have you ever been to Japan?
* *Explanation:* When asking about an *experience* at an unspecified time, use the Present Perfect. Simple Past is for actions completed at a specific past time.
- 1✗ Using Present Perfect with a specific past time expression:
* ✗
I have seen that movie last night.
* ✓
I saw that movie last night.
* *Explanation:* The Present Perfect doesn't use specific past time markers like
last night, yesterday, or «in 2020.» For those, use the Simple Past.- 1✗ Incorrect negative form or question structure:
* ✗
She not has eaten breakfast./
How long you are learning English?
* ✓ "She hasn't eaten breakfast yet.« / »How long have you been learning English?"
* *Explanation:* Remember the correct auxiliary verb (have/has) and its placement in negatives and questions.
Real Conversations
Dialogue 1: Sharing Experiences
A: "Have you ever tried making your own bread?
B: No, I haven't tried that yet! I always just buy it. Have you baked much?
A: Yes, I have baked a lot during the lockdown. It's really fun!
Dialogue 2: Asking About Duration
A: "How long have you been working here?
B: I have been working at this company for five years.
A: Wow, that's a long time! I haven't been working here even for a year yet.
Quick FAQ
Q: What's the difference between "I haven't gone
and I didn't go"?A: "I haven't gone" means you haven't gone *up to this point in time*, and there's a possibility you still might go. "I didn't go" refers to a specific past occasion when you chose not to go, and the chance to go on that occasion is over.
Q: When should I use
ever with the Present Perfect?A: You use
everin Present Perfect questions to ask if someone has *at any time* in their life had a particular experience, like
Have you ever visited New York?
Q: Can I use
since and for with How long have you...?
A: Yes, absolutely! When answering questions like
How long have you been learning English?, you'll often use
I have been learning English for two years(duration) or
I have been learning English since 2022(starting point).
Q: Why is it important to learn the Present Perfect for B1 English?
A: The Present Perfect is crucial for B1 learners because it allows you to talk about experiences, achievements, and ongoing situations, which are fundamental for sharing personal information and connecting with others. It's key for
English talking about life experiencesnaturally.
Cultural Context
Native English speakers frequently use these Present Perfect structures in everyday conversations to discuss their lives and inquire about others'. While there might be slight regional preferences (e.g., American English sometimes uses the Simple Past more often than British English for recent, unspecified events), the ability to use the Present Perfect for experiences, things haven't happened, and durations (How long...) is universally understood and essential for sounding natural and engaged in personal communication. These patterns are fundamental for building rapport and sharing your story.
重要な例文 (4)
1
2
3
`Have you ever seen` the Northern Lights?
¿Alguna vez has visto la aurora boreal?
人生と進捗について尋ねる（現在完了形の質問）
4
`Has she finished` her presentation for tomorrow?
¿Ha terminado ella su presentación para mañana?
人生と進捗について尋ねる（現在完了形の質問）ヒントとコツ (3)
⚠️
二重否定の落とし穴
「I haven't never」とは絶対に言いませんよ！文法的に正しくするには、「I have never」か「I haven't ever」を使います: "I haven't ever seen such a thing."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在完了否定形 (まだ〜していない)
🎯
The 'Ever' Rule
If you are asking about someone's whole life, always include 'ever'. It makes the question sound much more natural.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人生と進捗について尋ねる（現在完了形の質問）
💡
for と since に耳を澄ませて
返事で
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在完了形と「How Long」：期間を尋ねる
for three years や since 2020 が聞こえたら、この文法が使われた証拠だよ。 I have lived here for three years.
重要な語彙 (6)
abroad
in or to a foreign country
ever
at any time
never
at no time
experience
knowledge or skill gained from doing things
achievement
something done successfully by effort
duration
the length of time that something continues
Real-World Preview
users
The Networking Event
Review Summary
- Subject + haven't/hasn't + Past Participle
- Have/Has + Subject + Past Participle?
- How long + have/has + Subject + Past Participle?
よくある間違い
Many learners use the Past Simple 'went' instead of the Past Participle 'been/gone'. Always use the third form.
Wrong:
I haven't went to Spain.
正解:
I haven't been to Spain.
If the situation started in the past and continues now, you must use Present Perfect, not Present Simple.
Wrong:
How long do you know him?
正解:
How long have you known him?
Mixing 'Did' (Past Simple) with 'eaten' (Participle). Use 'Have' for life experiences without a specific time.
Wrong:
Did you ever eaten sushi?
正解:
Have you ever eaten sushi?
このチャプターのルール (3)
Next Steps
You've just unlocked the ability to truly get to know people in English. This is a huge milestone for your B1 journey—keep using these questions in your daily life!
Write a 'Bucket List' of 5 things you haven't done yet.
Record yourself asking 3 'How long' questions about a friend's hobby.
クイック練習 (6)
Choose the correct auxiliary verb.
____ she ever been to New York?
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Has
We use 'has' for the third person singular (she).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人生と進捗について尋ねる（現在完了形の質問）
文中の間違いを見つけましょう。
Find and fix the mistake:
They haven't gave us the Wi-Fi password yet.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They haven't given us the Wi-Fi password yet.
「give」の過去分詞は「given」で、「gave」ではありません。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在完了否定形 (まだ〜していない)
正しい文を選びましょう。
Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She hasn't finished her coffee.
「She」には「hasn't」が必要で、動詞は過去分詞の「finished」になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在完了否定形 (まだ〜していない)
正しい否定形を完成させましょう。
I ___ (not/see) the new Spider-Man movie yet.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: haven't seen
「I」には「haven't」を使い、現在完了形では過去分詞の「seen」を使います。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在完了否定形 (まだ〜していない)
Find the mistake in the sentence.
Find and fix the mistake:
Have you saw the new Batman movie?
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: saw
The past participle 'seen' should be used instead of the past simple 'saw'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人生と進捗について尋ねる（現在完了形の質問）
Complete the question with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Have you ____ (write) the email yet?
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: written
The past participle of 'write' is 'written'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 人生と進捗について尋ねる（現在完了形の質問）
Score: /6
よくある質問 (6)
いいえ、言えません。「saw」は単純過去形にのみ使われるので、過去分詞の「seen」を使わないといけません。「I haven't seen that」が正しい形です。不規則動詞のリストをいつも確認してくださいね！
はい、どちらも正しいですよ！「I haven't」の方が一般的ですが、「I've not」はイギリス英語の一部でよく使われます。どちらを使っても自然に聞こえますよ。
No. You cannot use specific past time markers with the Present Perfect. Use the Past Simple instead:
Did you see him yesterday?.Have you been to London? means you went and came back. Has he gone to London? means he is still there.過去に始まって、今も続いていることの「長さ」を聞くことだよ。過去と今を線でつなぐイメージ！
How long have you lived here?は「今も住んでいる」ことが前提だよ。
使えるけど、意味がガラッと変わるよ！
How long did you...?は「もう終わったこと」の期間を聞くんだ。
How long did you live in Paris?なら、今はもうパリに住んでいないことになるよ。
