Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To talk about completed actions with -ir verbs, remove the -ir and add the specific past tense endings for each person.
- For 'eu', add -i: Partir -> Part-i (I left).
- For 'você/ele/ela', add -iu: Partir -> Part-iu (He/she left).
- For 'nós', add -imos: Partir -> Part-imos (We left).
Overview
Pretérito Perfeito（完了過去）と呼びます。これは完了したこと、終わったこと、ドラマが終了したことのために使われます。具体的には、-irで終わる規則動詞を見ていきます。これらはabrir（開ける）やdecidir（決める）のような動詞です。これらは最も覚えやすい過去形動詞です。なぜなら、語尾が非常に一貫しているからです。語尾を入れ替えるだけで完了です。スマホケースを替えるようなものです。この時制はストーリーテリングの親友です。Instagramのキャプションや、上司に遅刻の理由を話すときに使います。「一度きりで完了」の時制です。How This Grammar Works
-ir動詞の場合、文字iが主役です。ほぼすべての語尾に登場します。これにより、非常に特徴的な響きになります。文字aを好む-ar動詞と混同することはありません。この時制は特定の瞬間に機能します。「昨日、窓を開けました (abri)」。アクションに明確な始まりと終わりがあれば、正解です。ただし、習慣について話す場合は使わないでください。それは別の時制です。
Formation Pattern
abrir。
-irを切り落とします。これで語幹abr-ができます。
-ir動詞の内訳は以下の通りです：
-iを追加 → Eu abri
-iuを追加 → Ela abriu
-imosを追加 → Nós abrimos
-iramを追加 → Eles abriram
Nósの形は現在形と全く同じです。どうやって見分けますか？文脈がすべてです。心配しないでください、人々は理解してくれます。
When To Use It
Pretérito Perfeitoのゴーサインです。一つのアクションが別のアクションを中断したときに使います。完了したタスクのチェックリストのようなものです。SNSの時制でもあります。「TikTokで写真を共有しました (dividi)」。CV（履歴書）を書くなら、過去の仕事に使ってください。描写や雰囲気には使わないでください。
Common Mistakes
-ir動詞と-er動詞を混ぜないでください。初心者がよくやる間違いです。-er動詞の場合、「彼/彼女」の語尾は-euです。-ir動詞は-iuです。もしele abreuと言うと、変な目で見られるでしょう。正しくはele abriuです。もう一つの大きな間違いは？Elesの形です。常に-iramで終わります。学生はよく-iraõと書きますが、それは間違いです。また、Nósの形に注意してください。先ほど言ったように、現在と過去で同じです。新しい語尾を発明しようとしないでください。最後に、「〜していた（習慣）」には使わないでください。習慣には不完了過去を使ってください。Contrast With Similar Patterns
Pretérito Imperfeito（不完了過去）です。これは「完了 vs 継続」の戦いです。Eu abriは「（一度）開けた」という意味です。Eu abriaは「よく開けていた」という意味です。完了過去をタイムライン上の点、不完了過去を長い波線と考えてください。また、-ouで終わる-ar動詞にも注意してください。母音を混ぜないでください！過去は確実で、現在は進行中です。Quick FAQ
ブラジルとポルトガルで同じですか？
語尾は同じです！ポルトガルではTuの形がより一般的です。
動詞が規則的かどうかはどうすればわかりますか？
ほとんどの-ir動詞は規則的です。語幹が変わるかどうかを確認してください。
たった今起こったことに使えますか？
はい！「たった今メールを開けました」はこの時制を使います。
なぜNósは現在形と同じなのですか？
宇宙があなたの忍耐力を試したいからです。文脈を使ってください！
語尾を忘れたらどうすればいいですか？
Euの形を使って指をさしてください。みんな親切です。
Conjugation of 'Partir' (To leave)
| Pronoun | Ending | Verb Form |
|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
-i
|
parti
|
|
Você/Ele/Ela
|
-iu
|
partiu
|
|
Nós
|
-imos
|
partimos
|
|
Vocês/Eles/Elas
|
-iram
|
partiram
|
Meanings
The Pretérito Perfeito is used to describe completed actions that happened at a specific point in the past.
Completed Action
An action that started and finished in the past.
“Eu dormi bem.”
“Ele partiu cedo.”
Sequential Events
Listing actions that happened one after another.
“Eu abri a caixa, li a carta e saí.”
“Ele subiu, viu o quarto e desceu.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 語尾 | 例 (Abrir) | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
-i
|
Eu abri
|
私は開けた
|
|
Tu (ポルトガル)
|
-iste
|
Tu abriste
|
君は開けた
|
|
Você/Ele/Ela
|
-iu
|
Ela abriu
|
あなた/彼/彼女は開けた
|
|
Nós
|
-imos
|
Nós abrimos
|
私たちは開けた
|
|
Vocês/Eles/Elas
|
-iram
|
Eles abriram
|
あなたたち/彼ら/彼女らは開けた
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Eu parti da residência. (Leaving a place)
Eu saí de casa. (Leaving a place)
Eu vazei de casa. (Leaving a place)
Eu ralei daqui. (Leaving a place)
よく使う規則的な -ir 動詞
日常の動作
- abrir 開ける
- partir 出発する/壊す
決断・思考
- decidir 決める
- admitir 認める
過去形の語尾の比較
いつ完全過去形を使う？
そのアクションは終わっていますか？
それは昔の習慣でしたか？
主語ごとの語尾まとめ
単数
- • -i (Eu)
- • -iu (Ele/Ela/Você)
複数
- • -imos (Nós)
- • -iram (Eles/Elas/Vocês)
レベル別の例文
Eu parti ontem.
I left yesterday.
Ele abriu a porta.
He opened the door.
Nós dormimos bem.
We slept well.
Eles partiram cedo.
They left early.
Você assistiu ao filme?
Did you watch the movie?
Eu não abri o e-mail.
I didn't open the email.
Nós dividimos a conta.
We split the bill.
Ela dormiu no sofá.
She slept on the sofa.
Eu assisti ao jogo e depois saí.
I watched the game and then I left.
Nós decidimos viajar no verão.
We decided to travel in the summer.
Ele admitiu o erro ontem.
He admitted the mistake yesterday.
Eles permitiram a entrada.
They allowed the entry.
Assim que ele partiu, eu abri a carta.
As soon as he left, I opened the letter.
Nós insistimos na solução correta.
We insisted on the correct solution.
Ela não resistiu à tentação.
She didn't resist the temptation.
Eles transferiram o dinheiro.
They transferred the money.
O diretor permitiu que todos saíssem.
The director allowed everyone to leave.
Eu suprimi os detalhes desnecessários.
I suppressed the unnecessary details.
Nós divergimos sobre o plano.
We disagreed on the plan.
Ele redigiu o documento final.
He drafted the final document.
A empresa instituiu novas normas.
The company instituted new norms.
Eles constituíram uma nova equipe.
They constituted a new team.
Eu intuí que algo estava errado.
I intuited that something was wrong.
Nós fruímos de cada momento.
We enjoyed every moment.
間違えやすい
Learners often use the wrong past tense for habits vs completed actions.
The endings -iu and -eu sound similar.
The form 'partimos' is the same in both tenses.
よくある間違い
Eu partiu
Eu parti
Nós partimos (present)
Nós partimos (past)
Ele parti
Ele partiu
Eles partiu
Eles partiram
Eu abreu
Eu abri
Eles assistiram
Eles assistiram
Nós dormimos (present)
Nós dormimos (past)
Eu tenho partido
Eu parti
Eu partia (when meaning completed)
Eu parti
Eles partiram-se
Eles partiram
Eu tinha partido (when simple past is better)
Eu parti
Nós divergimos (present)
Nós divergimos (past)
Ele redigiu-o
Ele redigiu
文型パターン
Eu ___ o/a ___ ontem.
Nós ___ o filme e ___ cedo.
Ele não ___ a decisão que eu ___.
Eles ___ o projeto e ___ o resultado.
Real World Usage
Eu dormi muito, desculpa!
Eu redigi o relatório final.
Eu parti de Lisboa ontem.
Eu assisti ao show!
Eu dividi a pizza com amigos.
Nós decidimos seguir com o plano.
双子の「Nós」
Nós abrimos は現在も過去も同じ形です。混乱を避けるために ontem（昨日）などの単語を添えましょう。 Nós abrimos a caixa ontem.
「Abreu」はNG！
abreu ではなく abriu が正解です。 Ele abriu o livro.
Netflixを見る時はこれ
assistir（見る）はとても一般的な -ir 動詞です。ドラマを見終えた時に使いましょう。 Eu assisti a série toda.
Smart Tips
Think of the 'i' sound for the first person.
Add a time marker to avoid ambiguity.
Check if it's a single event or a habit.
Use 'a gente' for a more natural flow.
発音
Stress
The stress usually falls on the last syllable for the 'iu' and 'iram' forms.
Question
Você partiu? ↗
Rising intonation at the end.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember the 'I-U-I-AM' sound: I for me, U for you, I for us, AM for them.
視覚的連想
Imagine a train leaving a station. The train is the verb 'partir'. As it leaves, it leaves behind the sounds 'i', 'iu', 'imos', 'iram' on the tracks.
Rhyme
Para o passado de -ir, o final é fácil de seguir: -i, -iu, -imos, -iram, não tem como não sentir!
Story
Eu parti para a praia. Lá, eu abri a mala. Nós dividimos o lanche e dormimos sob as estrelas.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 sentences about what you did this morning using -ir verbs.
文化メモ
In Brazil, 'a gente' is used instead of 'nós' in informal speech, but the verb conjugation remains the same as the third person singular.
In Portugal, 'nós' is used more frequently in speech than in Brazil.
The Pretérito Perfeito is the standard way to recount events across all Portuguese-speaking countries.
The Portuguese Pretérito Perfeito comes directly from the Latin perfectum tense.
会話のきっかけ
O que você fez ontem?
Você assistiu a algum filme bom recentemente?
Como você decidiu aprender português?
Você já abriu mão de algum sonho?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
decidiu が正解です。abriram です。 abriam は習慣を表す別の時制です。Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesEu ___ a porta.
Eles ___ cedo.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ele parti a porta.
Nós assistimos ao filme (present).
Eu -> ?, Ele -> ?, Nós -> ?, Eles -> ?
A: O que você fez? B: Eu ___ o livro.
ontem / eu / dormir / bem
The 'nós' form of -ir verbs is the same in present and past.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises私たちはピザを分け合いました。
decidiu / viajar / ele / sozinho
Vocês ___ o e-mail que eu enviei?
主語と正しい形を組み合わせてください：
私は早くパーティーを去りました。
Você dividiu o lanche?
A enfermeira ___ o remédio.
彼らは真実を認めました。
assistiram / eles / ao / filme
私たちはプレゼントを開けました。
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
No, it can be present or past. Context is key.
Look at the infinitive form (e.g., partir vs comer).
No, use the Imperfeito for habits.
Because it's an -ir verb, and -ir verbs use -iu.
Yes, it is standard in both.
Irregular verbs have their own patterns, but most -ir verbs are regular.
Yes, 'a gente partiu' is very common in Brazil.
No, it's very consistent once you learn the four endings.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pretérito perfecto simple
The third person singular ending is -ió in Spanish vs -iu in Portuguese.
Passé composé
Portuguese uses a single conjugated verb form, while French uses two.
Perfekt
German is analytic (two words), Portuguese is synthetic (one word).
Ta-form
Japanese does not conjugate for person, unlike Portuguese.
Past tense (al-maadi)
Arabic is a root-based system, while Portuguese is suffix-based.
Le (aspect marker)
Chinese has no verb conjugation for person or tense.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
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