A2 · 初中級 チャプター 6

Completed Past Actions

8 トータルルール
84 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your ability to tell stories by mastering the Pretérito Perfeito for completed actions.

  • Conjugate regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir in the past.
  • Navigate irregular verbs like ser, ir, ter, and saber.
  • Narrate finished events and personal anecdotes with confidence.
Master the past, own your story.

学べること

Ready to tell your own stories in Portuguese? You've already got a handle on the present, and now it's time to dive into the exciting world of 'Completed Past Actions'! This chapter is your key to mastering the *Pretérito Perfeito*, the essential past tense for talking about things you've finished, done, and dusted. Imagine vividly recounting your amazing weekend trip, sharing what you ate for dinner last night, or telling a friend about that captivating movie you *saw*. That's exactly the kind of confident narration you'll achieve! We'll begin by conquering the regular verbs – those ending in -AR, -ER, and -IR. You'll discover the straightforward patterns to transform them into past actions, making it effortless to say 'I spoke,' 'you ate,' or 'they left.' Then, we'll tackle some crucial irregulars that are indispensable for natural, everyday conversations. Ever wondered how to distinguish between 'I went' and 'I was' when they share the same form ('fui')? We'll demystify 'ser' and 'ir' in the past! You'll also learn to express what you *had* or *felt* with the versatile verb 'ter' (like, 'I had a great time!'). Plus, we'll cover how to talk about *sleeping* and, perhaps most importantly, how you *found out* something with the unique past form of 'saber'. By the end of this chapter, you'll be confidently narrating past events, sharing personal anecdotes, and connecting with native Portuguese speakers on a whole new, dynamic level. Get ready to become a past-tense pro, ready to chat about yesterday, last week, or even last year!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular verbs in the past tense.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to the exciting world of completed past actions in Portuguese! As an A2 Portuguese grammar learner, you've mastered the present, and now it's time to unlock a new dimension: telling stories about what's already happened. This chapter introduces you to the Pretérito Perfeito, the cornerstone tense for discussing events that are finished, done, and dusted.
Imagine confidently sharing details about your last vacation, describing a delicious meal you cooked, or recounting a memorable experience – that's the power you're about to gain.
The Pretérito Perfeito is absolutely essential for natural conversation, allowing you to narrate past events with clarity and precision. It's how you'll move beyond simply stating facts to truly engaging in dynamic storytelling. By understanding its structure and common uses, you'll be able to express everything from what you did yesterday to significant life events, connecting more deeply with native speakers.
Get ready to transform your ability to communicate and become a pro at discussing Portuguese past tense.

How This Grammar Works

The Pretérito Perfeito is your go-to tense for talking about completed past actions in Portuguese. We'll start with the regular verbs, which follow predictable patterns. For -AR verbs, like falar (to speak), you drop the -AR and add specific endings: eu falei (I spoke), você/ele/ela falou (you/he/she spoke), nós falamos (we spoke), vocês/eles/elas falaram (you all/they spoke).
For example: Eu falei com a Maria ontem. (I spoke with Maria yesterday.)
Next, we have -ER verbs, such as comer (to eat). The endings here are slightly different: eu comi (I ate), você/ele/ela comeu (you/he/she ate), nós comemos (we ate), vocês/eles/elas comeram (you all/they ate). An example: Ele comeu pizza no jantar. (He ate pizza for dinner.) Finally, -IR verbs, like partir (to leave/depart), largely follow the -ER pattern: eu parti (I left), você/ele/ela partiu (you/he/she left), nós partimos (we left), vocês/eles/elas partiram (you all/they left).
For instance: Nós partimos cedo. (We left early.)
Beyond the regulars, some crucial irregular verbs pop up frequently. The verbs ser (to be) and ir (to go) are famously irregular and share the exact same conjugations in the Pretérito Perfeito: eu fui (I was/I went), você/ele/ela foi (you/he/she was/went), nós fomos (we were/went), vocês/eles/elas foram (you all/they were/went). Context is key to distinguishing their meaning!
For example: Eu fui ao mercado. (I went to the market.) vs. Eu fui feliz. (I was happy.) The verb ter (to have) also has an irregular past: eu tive (I had), você/ele/ela teve (you/he/she had), nós tivemos (we had), vocês/eles/elas tiveram (you all/they had). As in: Nós tivemos um bom tempo. (We had a good time.) Dormir (to sleep) is a regular -IR verb in the past, so it follows the pattern: eu dormi (I slept), ele dormiu (he slept).
Lastly, saber (to know/to find out) is irregular in the past when it means found out: eu soube (I found out), você/ele/ela soube (you/he/she found out). Example: Eu soube a notícia ontem. (I found out the news yesterday.) Mastering these forms will greatly enhance your A2 Portuguese fluency.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu fala com ele ontem.
✓ Correct:
Eu falei com ele ontem.
*Explanation:* Learners sometimes forget to conjugate the verb for the past tense, using the present tense form instead. Remember to apply the specific Pretérito Perfeito endings.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu estive ao cinema.
    (Meaning
    I went to the cinema
    )
✓ Correct:
Eu fui ao cinema.
*Explanation:* While estive is the past of estar (to be, temporary), fui is used for both ser (to be) and ir (to go) in the Pretérito Perfeito. For I went, you must use fui.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ela tem um bom dia.
    (Meaning
    She had a good day
    )
✓ Correct:
Ela teve um bom dia.
*Explanation:* Ter (to have) is an irregular verb in the Pretérito Perfeito. Its correct past tense form is teve (for ela/ele/você), not tem (present tense).

Real Conversations

A

A

O que você fez no fim de semana? (What did you do on the weekend?)
B

B

Eu fui à praia e nadei muito. Depois, comi um peixe delicioso. (I went to the beach and swam a lot. Afterwards, I ate a delicious fish.)
A

A

Você soube da festa da Maria? (Did you find out about Maria's party?)
B

B

Sim, eu soube ontem. Nós fomos e nos divertimos muito! (Yes, I found out yesterday. We went and had a lot of fun!)
A

A

Onde vocês dormiram na viagem? (Where did you all sleep on the trip?)
B

B

Nós dormimos em um hotel pequeno, mas foi muito confortável. (We slept in a small hotel, but it was very comfortable.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use the Pretérito Perfeito in Portuguese?

You use the Pretérito Perfeito for actions that started and finished in the past, often at a specific, completed time (e.g., yesterday, last week). It focuses on the completion of the action.

Q

Are there many irregular verbs in the Portuguese past tense?

Yes, Portuguese has a fair number of irregular verbs in the Pretérito Perfeito, but the most common ones (like ser, ir, ter, saber, fazer) are crucial to learn early on for A2 Portuguese communication.

Q

How do I say I went and I was in Portuguese A2?

Both I went and I was are translated as eu fui in the Pretérito Perfeito. You distinguish their meaning through context. For example, Eu fui ao parque (I went to the park) vs. Eu fui estudante (I was a student).

Q

What's the past tense of fazer (to do/make)?

The past tense of fazer is irregular: eu fiz, você/ele/ela fez, nós fizemos, vocês/eles/elas fizeram.

Cultural Context

In everyday Portuguese conversations, the Pretérito Perfeito is used constantly. It's the primary way to share stories, recount experiences, and discuss recent events. Whether you're in Portugal or Brazil, native speakers use this tense to chat about their day, their weekend, or what they did on their last holiday.
There are generally no significant regional differences in the conjugation or usage of the simple Pretérito Perfeito, making it a universally understood and vital part of your A2 Portuguese toolkit. Mastering it allows for truly engaging dialogue.

重要な例文 (2)

1

Eu escrevi uma mensagem para ele ontem.

私は昨日、彼にメッセージを書きました。

過去形：規則的な -er 動詞 (食べた、飲んだ)
2

Você bebeu todo o suco?

あなたはジュースを全部飲んだの？

過去形：規則的な -er 動詞 (食べた、飲んだ)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

時間のサインを探そう

ontem (昨日) や ano passado (去年) などの言葉は、この過去形を使うための大きな目印になります。
Eu estudei muito ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：規則動詞-AR (falei, comprou)
⚠️

「Eu」の形に気をつけて！

現在の「falo」と過去の「falei」を間違えないようにしましょう。最後の「i」は「もう終わったよ！」という合図です。
Eu falei com o chefe.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の過去形：規則的な -ar 動詞 (Pretérito Perfeito)
💡

発音のコツ

'-eu'（comeuなど）の 'u' は、はっきり口をすぼめて発音してね。飲み込まないように注意！
Você bebeu todo o suco?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：規則的な -er 動詞 (食べた、飲んだ)
🎯

双子の「Nós」

Nós abrimos は現在も過去も同じ形です。混乱を避けるために ontem（昨日）などの単語を添えましょう。
Nós abrimos a caixa ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -ir動詞の過去形 (完了過去)

重要な語彙 (7)

ontem yesterday falar to speak comer to eat partir to leave/depart ter to have dormir to sleep saber to know/find out

Real-World Preview

calendar

Recounting a weekend

Review Summary

  • -ei, -aste, -ou, -ámos, -aram
  • -i, -este, -eu, -emos, -eram
  • -i, -iste, -iu, -imos, -iram

よくある間違い

You used the present tense instead of the preterite. Remember to add the -ei ending for 'eu'.

Wrong: Eu fala no passado.
正解: Eu falei no passado.

This is identical in present and past! Ensure context clarifies it.

Wrong: Nós comemos ontem.
正解: Nós comemos ontem.

Confusing 'ser' and 'ir'. Both are 'fui' in the past, so rely on the adjective or location context.

Wrong: Eu fui feliz (I went happy).
正解: Eu fui feliz (I was happy).

このチャプターのルール (8)

1

過去形：規則動詞-AR (falei, comprou)

A2
過去の「完了したアクション」を伝えるためのツールです。ontem（昨日）や «já»（もう）などの「完了」を感じさせる言葉と一緒に使いましょう。
11 例文
2

ポルトガル語の過去形：規則的な -ar 動詞 (Pretérito Perfeito)

A2
過去に「完了したアクション」を話すためのルールです。 Pretérito Perfeito はバッチリ終わった出来事に使いましょう。
Eu `falei` com o meu chefe pelo Zoom ontem.
11 例文
3

過去形：規則的な -er 動詞 (食べた、飲んだ)

A2
過去のことを言う時は、動詞の語尾を入れ替えるだけ！ 'comer' を comi に変えるみたいにね。「-i」「-eu」「-eram」の3つが魔法のキーワードだよ。
Eu escrevi uma mensagem para ele ontem.
10 例文
4

-ir動詞の過去形 (完了過去)

A2
過去に終わったアクションには、-ir 動詞の専用の語尾 «-i», -iu, -imos, -iram を付ければOKです！
Eu `abri` o aplicativo do Uber agora pouco.
10 例文
5

過去形の Ser と Ir：同じ単語で違う意味 (fui, foi)

A2
過去の話をするとき、fui は「行った」と「〜だった」の両方の意味になります。文脈で見分けるのがコツですよ！ fui foi contexto
Eu fui ao cinema ontem à noite.
10 例文
6

過去の所有：動詞 'Ter' の使い方 (tive, teve, tivemos)

A2
不規則な語幹 tiv- を使って、過去に「持っていた」「感じた」「義務があった」ことを伝えよう！ tive, teve, tivemos が鍵だよ。
Ontem eu tive um problema com o iFood e pedi reemb...
10 例文
7

過去に寝る：動詞 'Dormir' (過去形)

A2
過去に「眠り終わった」ことを言う時は dormir の完全過去を使いましょう。 dormir «完全過去» «規則変化» がポイントです！
Ontem eu dormi por dez horas seguidas.
12 例文
8

「知った」の瞬間：点過去のSaber (soube)

A2
完了過去の saber は、情報が耳に入った「その瞬間」を表します。日本語の「知った」や「耳にした」という found out のニュアンスにぴったりです！
Eu soube da festa pelo Instagram.
10 例文

Next Steps

You've conquered the past! Keep narrating your day to yourself in Portuguese to lock in these new skills.

Write a short paragraph about your last vacation.

Continue to: Describing the Past & Looking Ahead

クイック練習 (3)

正しい文章を選んでください。

昨日起きた一回きりの出来事を表しているのはどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela falou com a amiga ontem.
'Ontem' (昨日) という特定の完了した時間を指すので、完全過去の 'falou' を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：規則動詞-AR (falei, comprou)

間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Eles compraram um carro novo na semana passada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles compraram um carro novo na semana passada.
この文は正解です！ 'Eles' (彼ら) の場合、語尾は '-aram' になるので 'compraram' でバッチリです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：規則動詞-AR (falei, comprou)

正しい過去形を入れてみましょう。

Ontem, eu _______ muito para a prova. (estudar)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: estudei
主語が 'eu' (私) の場合、-ar動詞の過去形の語尾は '-ei' になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：規則動詞-AR (falei, comprou)

Score: /3

よくある質問 (6)

過去に始まって、すでに完了したアクションに使います。一回きりの出来事にぴったりです。例えば eu comprei (買った) や ela falou (話した) などです。
動詞の -ar を取って、人称ごとの語尾をつけます。eu なら -ei、ele/ela/você なら -ou です。Eu estudei (私は勉強した) のようになります。
過去のある時点で完了したアクションに使います。「終わったイベント」と考えてください。
Eu comprei o carro.
最後の「-ar」を取って「-ei」を足します。「falei」になりますよ。 Eu falei tudo.
「完全過去」といって、過去に完了した動作のことだよ。例えば Eu comi (私は食べた) のように使います。
いいえ、規則動詞なので 'com-' はそのままです。語尾だけを変えれば大丈夫！ Eu comi のようにね。
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