A2 · 초중급 챕터 6

Completed Past Actions

8 총 규칙
84 예문
6

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your ability to tell stories by mastering the Pretérito Perfeito for completed actions.

  • Conjugate regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir in the past.
  • Navigate irregular verbs like ser, ir, ter, and saber.
  • Narrate finished events and personal anecdotes with confidence.
Master the past, own your story.

배울 내용

Ready to tell your own stories in Portuguese? You've already got a handle on the present, and now it's time to dive into the exciting world of 'Completed Past Actions'! This chapter is your key to mastering the *Pretérito Perfeito*, the essential past tense for talking about things you've finished, done, and dusted. Imagine vividly recounting your amazing weekend trip, sharing what you ate for dinner last night, or telling a friend about that captivating movie you *saw*. That's exactly the kind of confident narration you'll achieve! We'll begin by conquering the regular verbs – those ending in -AR, -ER, and -IR. You'll discover the straightforward patterns to transform them into past actions, making it effortless to say 'I spoke,' 'you ate,' or 'they left.' Then, we'll tackle some crucial irregulars that are indispensable for natural, everyday conversations. Ever wondered how to distinguish between 'I went' and 'I was' when they share the same form ('fui')? We'll demystify 'ser' and 'ir' in the past! You'll also learn to express what you *had* or *felt* with the versatile verb 'ter' (like, 'I had a great time!'). Plus, we'll cover how to talk about *sleeping* and, perhaps most importantly, how you *found out* something with the unique past form of 'saber'. By the end of this chapter, you'll be confidently narrating past events, sharing personal anecdotes, and connecting with native Portuguese speakers on a whole new, dynamic level. Get ready to become a past-tense pro, ready to chat about yesterday, last week, or even last year!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular verbs in the past tense.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to the exciting world of completed past actions in Portuguese! As an A2 Portuguese grammar learner, you've mastered the present, and now it's time to unlock a new dimension: telling stories about what's already happened. This chapter introduces you to the Pretérito Perfeito, the cornerstone tense for discussing events that are finished, done, and dusted.
Imagine confidently sharing details about your last vacation, describing a delicious meal you cooked, or recounting a memorable experience – that's the power you're about to gain.
The Pretérito Perfeito is absolutely essential for natural conversation, allowing you to narrate past events with clarity and precision. It's how you'll move beyond simply stating facts to truly engaging in dynamic storytelling. By understanding its structure and common uses, you'll be able to express everything from what you did yesterday to significant life events, connecting more deeply with native speakers.
Get ready to transform your ability to communicate and become a pro at discussing Portuguese past tense.

How This Grammar Works

The Pretérito Perfeito is your go-to tense for talking about completed past actions in Portuguese. We'll start with the regular verbs, which follow predictable patterns. For -AR verbs, like falar (to speak), you drop the -AR and add specific endings: eu falei (I spoke), você/ele/ela falou (you/he/she spoke), nós falamos (we spoke), vocês/eles/elas falaram (you all/they spoke).
For example: Eu falei com a Maria ontem. (I spoke with Maria yesterday.)
Next, we have -ER verbs, such as comer (to eat). The endings here are slightly different: eu comi (I ate), você/ele/ela comeu (you/he/she ate), nós comemos (we ate), vocês/eles/elas comeram (you all/they ate). An example: Ele comeu pizza no jantar. (He ate pizza for dinner.) Finally, -IR verbs, like partir (to leave/depart), largely follow the -ER pattern: eu parti (I left), você/ele/ela partiu (you/he/she left), nós partimos (we left), vocês/eles/elas partiram (you all/they left).
For instance: Nós partimos cedo. (We left early.)
Beyond the regulars, some crucial irregular verbs pop up frequently. The verbs ser (to be) and ir (to go) are famously irregular and share the exact same conjugations in the Pretérito Perfeito: eu fui (I was/I went), você/ele/ela foi (you/he/she was/went), nós fomos (we were/went), vocês/eles/elas foram (you all/they were/went). Context is key to distinguishing their meaning!
For example: Eu fui ao mercado. (I went to the market.) vs. Eu fui feliz. (I was happy.) The verb ter (to have) also has an irregular past: eu tive (I had), você/ele/ela teve (you/he/she had), nós tivemos (we had), vocês/eles/elas tiveram (you all/they had). As in: Nós tivemos um bom tempo. (We had a good time.) Dormir (to sleep) is a regular -IR verb in the past, so it follows the pattern: eu dormi (I slept), ele dormiu (he slept).
Lastly, saber (to know/to find out) is irregular in the past when it means found out: eu soube (I found out), você/ele/ela soube (you/he/she found out). Example: Eu soube a notícia ontem. (I found out the news yesterday.) Mastering these forms will greatly enhance your A2 Portuguese fluency.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong:
    Eu fala com ele ontem.
Correct:
Eu falei com ele ontem.
*Explanation:* Learners sometimes forget to conjugate the verb for the past tense, using the present tense form instead. Remember to apply the specific Pretérito Perfeito endings.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Eu estive ao cinema.
    (Meaning
    I went to the cinema
    )
Correct:
Eu fui ao cinema.
*Explanation:* While estive is the past of estar (to be, temporary), fui is used for both ser (to be) and ir (to go) in the Pretérito Perfeito. For I went, you must use fui.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Ela tem um bom dia.
    (Meaning
    She had a good day
    )
Correct:
Ela teve um bom dia.
*Explanation:* Ter (to have) is an irregular verb in the Pretérito Perfeito. Its correct past tense form is teve (for ela/ele/você), not tem (present tense).

Real Conversations

A

A

O que você fez no fim de semana? (What did you do on the weekend?)
B

B

Eu fui à praia e nadei muito. Depois, comi um peixe delicioso. (I went to the beach and swam a lot. Afterwards, I ate a delicious fish.)
A

A

Você soube da festa da Maria? (Did you find out about Maria's party?)
B

B

Sim, eu soube ontem. Nós fomos e nos divertimos muito! (Yes, I found out yesterday. We went and had a lot of fun!)
A

A

Onde vocês dormiram na viagem? (Where did you all sleep on the trip?)
B

B

Nós dormimos em um hotel pequeno, mas foi muito confortável. (We slept in a small hotel, but it was very comfortable.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use the Pretérito Perfeito in Portuguese?

You use the Pretérito Perfeito for actions that started and finished in the past, often at a specific, completed time (e.g., yesterday, last week). It focuses on the completion of the action.

Q

Are there many irregular verbs in the Portuguese past tense?

Yes, Portuguese has a fair number of irregular verbs in the Pretérito Perfeito, but the most common ones (like ser, ir, ter, saber, fazer) are crucial to learn early on for A2 Portuguese communication.

Q

How do I say I went and I was in Portuguese A2?

Both I went and I was are translated as eu fui in the Pretérito Perfeito. You distinguish their meaning through context. For example, Eu fui ao parque (I went to the park) vs. Eu fui estudante (I was a student).

Q

What's the past tense of fazer (to do/make)?

The past tense of fazer is irregular: eu fiz, você/ele/ela fez, nós fizemos, vocês/eles/elas fizeram.

Cultural Context

In everyday Portuguese conversations, the Pretérito Perfeito is used constantly. It's the primary way to share stories, recount experiences, and discuss recent events. Whether you're in Portugal or Brazil, native speakers use this tense to chat about their day, their weekend, or what they did on their last holiday.
There are generally no significant regional differences in the conjugation or usage of the simple Pretérito Perfeito, making it a universally understood and vital part of your A2 Portuguese toolkit. Mastering it allows for truly engaging dialogue.

주요 예문 (4)

1

Eu escrevi uma mensagem para ele ontem.

나는 어제 그에게 메시지를 썼어.

과거 시제: 규칙 -er 동사 (먹었다, 마셨다)
2

Você bebeu todo o suco?

당신이 주스 다 마셨어요?

과거 시제: 규칙 -er 동사 (먹었다, 마셨다)
3

Eu fui ao cinema ontem à noite.

나는 어젯밤에 영화관에 갔어.

과거형 Ser와 Ir: 같은 단어, 다른 의미 (fui, foi)
4

O teste de ontem foi muito difícil.

어제 시험은 정말 어려웠어.

과거형 Ser와 Ir: 같은 단어, 다른 의미 (fui, foi)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

시간 힌트를 찾아보세요

ontem(어제)이나 ano passado(작년) 같은 단어는 과거 시제를 쓰라는 아주 큰 신호등이에요!
Eu estudei muito ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제: 규칙 -AR 동사 (falei, comprou)
⚠️

'Eu' 형태를 조심하세요!

현재형 'falo'와 과거형 'falei'를 헷갈리지 마세요. 끝에 'i'가 붙으면 «이미 끝난 일»이라는 신호예요:
Eu falei com o meu chefe.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 과거 시제: 규칙 -ar 동사
💡

발음 꿀팁

'-eu'로 끝나는 단어(예: comeu)는 '우' 소리를 아주 강하고 확실하게 내주세요. 영어의 'new'와 비슷한 느낌이에요!
Ele comeu o bolo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제: 규칙 -er 동사 (먹었다, 마셨다)
🎯

쌍둥이 'Nós' 형태

Nós abrimos는 현재와 과거가 똑같아요. 헷갈릴 땐 'ontem'(어제) 같은 단어를 붙여보세요:
Nós abrimos a caixa ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -ir 동사의 과거 시제 (완료 과거)

핵심 어휘 (7)

ontem yesterday falar to speak comer to eat partir to leave/depart ter to have dormir to sleep saber to know/find out

Real-World Preview

calendar

Recounting a weekend

Review Summary

  • -ei, -aste, -ou, -ámos, -aram
  • -i, -este, -eu, -emos, -eram
  • -i, -iste, -iu, -imos, -iram

자주 하는 실수

You used the present tense instead of the preterite. Remember to add the -ei ending for 'eu'.

Wrong: Eu fala no passado.
정답: Eu falei no passado.

This is identical in present and past! Ensure context clarifies it.

Wrong: Nós comemos ontem.
정답: Nós comemos ontem.

Confusing 'ser' and 'ir'. Both are 'fui' in the past, so rely on the adjective or location context.

Wrong: Eu fui feliz (I went happy).
정답: Eu fui feliz (I was happy).

이 챕터의 규칙 (8)

Next Steps

You've conquered the past! Keep narrating your day to yourself in Portuguese to lock in these new skills.

Write a short paragraph about your last vacation.

빠른 연습 (10)

빈칸에 'saber'의 알맞은 과거 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

Eu ___ que o show foi cancelado ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: soube
주어가 'Eu'이고 어제 알게 된 특정 사실이므로 'soube'가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 알게 되다: 과거 시제의 Saber (soube)

'그들은 그 뉴스를 알게 되었다'라는 뜻의 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles souberam da notícia.
'Souberam'은 3인칭 복수형으로, 특정 순간에 정보를 얻었음을 나타냅니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 알게 되다: 과거 시제의 Saber (soube)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Eles compraram um carro novo na semana passada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles compraram um carro novo na semana passada.
원래 문장이 맞아요! 'eles'(그들)의 -ar 과거 어미는 '-aram'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제: 규칙 -AR 동사 (falei, comprou)

비밀을 알아낸 상황에 대한 문장에서 틀린 부분을 고쳐보세요.

Nós sabiamos do segredo na semana passada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós soubemos do segredo na semana passada.
'지난주'라는 특정 시점에 알게 된 것이므로 불완료 과거인 'sabíamos' 대신 완료 과거인 'soubemos'를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 알게 되다: 과거 시제의 Saber (soube)

빈칸에 알맞은 과거형을 써보세요.

Ontem, eu _______ muito para a prova. (estudar)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: estudei
주어가 'eu'(나)일 때 -ar 동사의 과거 어미는 '-ei'가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제: 규칙 -AR 동사 (falei, comprou)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós aprendeu a lição ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós aprendemos a lição ontem.
주어가 'Nós'(우리)일 때는 동사 끝이 '-emos'로 끝나야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제: 규칙 -er 동사 (먹었다, 마셨다)

어제 일어난 일을 올바르게 표현한 문장을 고르세요.

Which sentence correctly describes a single action yesterday?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela falou com a amiga ontem.
'ontem'(어제)은 이미 끝난 일이므로 완료 과거인 'falou'를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제: 규칙 -AR 동사 (falei, comprou)

'Eu'(나)에 알맞은 형태를 채워보세요.

Eu ___ ao supermercado agora mesmo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fui
'Eu'와 짝꿍인 과거형은 항상 'fui'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거형 Ser와 Ir: 같은 단어, 다른 의미 (fui, foi)

여기서 사용된 동사의 의미는 무엇일까요?

"Nós fomos alunos dessa escola."에서 'fomos'의 뜻은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ser (이다/였다)
'Alunos'(학생들)라는 명사가 오기 때문에 우리가 누구였는지를 설명하는 'Ser' 동사예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거형 Ser와 Ir: 같은 단어, 다른 의미 (fui, foi)

'그는 차를 팔았다'라는 뜻의 문장을 골라보세요.

알맞은 과거형 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele vendeu o carro.
'Vende'는 현재형이고, 'Ele'에 어울리는 과거형 꼬리는 '-eu'예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제: 규칙 -er 동사 (먹었다, 마셨다)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

과거에 시작해서 완전히 끝난 행동에 써요. eu comprei (내가 샀다)처럼 한 번 일어난 사건을 생각하면 쉬워요.
-ar을 떼고 'eu'는 -ei, 'ele/ela'는 -ou, 'nós'는 -amos를 붙여요. 예를 들어 falarfalei가 됩니다.
과거의 특정 시점에 완전히 끝난 행동에 사용해요. «완료된 사건»이라고 생각하면 쉬워요. 예를 들어: Eu comi pizza.
끝의 '-ar'을 빼고 '-ei'를 붙여서 falei라고 하면 돼요.
과거의 특정 시점에 시작해서 완전히 끝난 행동을 말할 때 쓰는 시제예요. 예를 들어 Eu comi (나 먹었어)처럼요.
아니요, 'comer'는 규칙 동사라 'com-' 부분은 그대로 두고 끝만 바꿔요. Eu comi처럼 말이죠.