相関接続詞:二者択一と強調 (either...or, neither...nor)
either...or で選択を、neither...nor で強い否定をスマートに使い分けましょう。
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use these pairs to link two equal ideas, offering a choice (either...or) or rejecting both options (neither...nor) with perfect balance.
- Always pair 'either' with 'or' and 'neither' with 'nor'; never mix them up. Example: 'Either stay or leave.'
- The verb must agree with the subject closest to it. Example: 'Neither the boss nor the employees are happy.'
- Keep it parallel: if a noun follows 'either', a noun must follow 'or'. Example: 'Either tea or coffee.'
Overview
or だけでは寂しすぎる、あの感じ。あるいは、お気に入りのNetflix番組を説明しようとして、'it's funny and scary'(面白くて怖い)と言うのが、まるでロボットが書いたように聞こえるとき。そこで登場するのが、相関接続詞(Correlative Conjunctions)です。これらは英語の文法の「パワーカップル」だと考えてください。これらは2つの言葉がペアになって、アイデアをつなげたり、選択肢を強調したり、話し方にドラマチックなニュアンスを加えたりします。単なる and や but のような接続詞ではありません。彼らはタッグチームなのです。一方が考えを始め、もう一方がそれを完結させます。ピザか寿司か決めるために either...or を使ったことがあるなら、あなたはすでにこれらを使っています。これらを使うことで、あなたの英語はより洗練され、バランスが取れ、そして正直なところ、よりネイティブスピーカーらしく聞こえるようになります。これは、「基本」レベルを脱却して、ロンドンのカフェやニューヨークのZoomミーティングに本当に馴染んでいるように聞こえたいB2レベルの学習者にとっての秘訣です。さらに、これらを正しく使うことは、文の構造を本当に理解していることを示します。これは、高級なディナーでどのフォークを使うべきかを知っていることの言語的な版のようなものです。ただ、元カレや元カノの話をするためには使わないでください。文法にも限界がありますから。How This Grammar Works
either...or(〜か〜のどちらか)、neither...nor(〜も〜もどちらもない)、そして not only...but also(〜だけでなく〜もまた)です。これらのペアは、文の中の同等の2つの部分をつなぎます。2つの名詞、2つの動詞、2つの形容詞、あるいは2つのフレーズ全体をつなぐこともあります。魔法が起こるのは、これらが「並列構造」(Parallel Structure)を考えさせるからです。これは、最初の言葉の後に来るものが、2番目の言葉の後に来るものと同じ形でなければならないということをかっこよく言っただけです。either の後に名詞を置くなら、or の後にも名詞を置かなければなりません。これは「リーダーに従え」というゲームのようなものです。このルールを破ると、文の意味は通じるかもしれませんが、サンダルに靴下を履いている人のように「違和感」を感じさせます。技術的には選択肢の一つですが、それは *正しい* 選択でしょうか?おそらく違います。Formation Pattern
either...or を使います。両方を否定するときは neither...nor を使います。ちょっと「おまけ」を加えて、*両方* が真実であることを示したいときは not only...but also を使います。
either [pizza]。
or [tacos]。
Either the cat or the dogs are [ 'dogs' が近いので複数動詞]。
Neither the dogs nor the cat is [ 'cat' が近いので単数動詞]。
not only [動詞] と言ったら、2番目の部分は but also [動詞] でなければなりません。
She not only sings but also dances.
She not only sings but also a dancer.(一貫性を保ちましょう!)
When To Use It
either...or を使いましょう。例えば、'You can either pay via Apple Pay or use a credit card.'(Apple Payで支払うか、クレジットカードを使うか選べます)のように。単に 'or' と言うよりも、決断力があるように聞こえます。少しこだわりがあるときや、完全な失敗を説明するときは neither...nor を使います。'Neither my Wi-Fi nor my cellular data is working'(Wi-Fiもデータ通信も動いていない)― まさに21世紀の悪夢です。このペアが素晴らしいのは、攻撃的になりすぎずに2つのことを同時に「ノー」と言えるからです。最後に、誰かを感心させたいときは not only...but also を使いましょう。これは「プラスアルファ」の接続詞です。「彼は頭が良くて面白い」と言う代わりに、'He is not only smart but also hilarious.' と言います。これにより、2番目のポイントに重みと強調が加わります。自分のスキルを強調したい就職面接に最適です:'I am not only proficient in Python but also experienced in project management.' これにより、あなたは自分の成功物語の主人公のように聞こえます。ただ、'I not only brushed my teeth but also put on pants.'(歯を磨いただけでなく、ズボンも履いた)といった、当たり前のことには使わないでください。デイブ、私たちはあなたにそれを期待していますから。Common Mistakes
neither と nor にはすでに「否定」の意味が含まれているため、文の中に別の否定語を入れる必要はありません。- 間違い:
I don't like neither coffee nor tea. - 正解:
I like neither coffee nor tea.(または単に:I don't like coffee or tea.)
- ぎこちない:
He looked either in the fridge or the cupboard. - スムーズ:
He looked either in the fridge or in the cupboard.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
And はプレーンなベーグルのようなものです。both...and は全部のせのベーグルです。どちらも同じ仕事。ですが、後者の方がはるかに満足感があります。Either...or は、単純な or よりもフォーマルで具体的です。選択肢が *ちょうど* 2つであることを強調します。'Do you want tea or coffee?' と言えば、水でもいいかもしれません。'You can have either tea or coffee' と言えば、明確な境界線を引いていることになります。Not only...but also は、階層を作るという点で and とは異なります。2番目の部分は通常、1番目よりも驚きがあったり重要だったりします。'She is a doctor and a pilot'(彼女は医者でパイロットだ)と言えば、両方は同等です。'She is not only a doctor but also a pilot' と言えば、基本的には「彼女がパイロットでもあるなんて信じられる?!」と言っていることになります。ステータスの更新とヘッドラインの違いです。また、否定文で neither...nor と either...or を混同しないでください。'I don't like either' は良いですが、'I like neither' の方が洗練されています。英語の先生をびっくりさせたくないのであれば、'I don't like neither' とは言わないでくださいね。Quick FAQ
neither...or は使えますか?
ダメです!彼らは一生添い遂げる夫婦です。Neither は常に nor と、Either は or とペアになります。幸せなカップルを別れさせようとしないでください。
動詞は常に2番目の主語に一致しますか?
はい、主語が異なる(単数と複数など)場合、動詞に最も近い主語が優先されます。これが「近接のルール」です。
also を抜かして not only...but だけ言ってもいいですか?
もちろんです。カジュアルな会話では、also は省略されたり、最後に移動したりすることがよくあります。'He's not only tall but handsome, too.'
neither...nor はメッセージで使うにはフォーマルすぎますか?
少し「お上品」に聞こえるかもしれませんが、強調したいときには最適です。友達にジムか図書館に行きたいか聞かれて、だらだらしたい気分なら、'Neither the gym nor the library sounds good right now'(ジムも図書館も今はいいや)と言うのは、今の気分を伝えるのにぴったりです。
3つの選択肢がある場合はどうすればいいですか?
厳密に言えば、これらはペアのためのものです。3つある場合は、リストを使いましょう。'I want pizza, tacos, or sushi.' 3つのリストに either を加えるのは、フォーマルな文法では技術的に「NG」ですが、カジュアルな会話では行われることもあります。無難にいくなら2つにしておきましょう。
Subject-Verb Agreement with Correlative Conjunctions
| Subject 1 | Subject 2 | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Singular
|
Singular
|
Singular
|
Neither the cat nor the dog IS hungry.
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Plural
|
Either the teacher or the students ARE wrong.
|
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Singular
|
Neither the players nor the coach IS happy.
|
|
Plural
|
Plural
|
Plural
|
Either the boys or the girls ARE winning.
|
|
I
|
He/She
|
Singular (3rd person)
|
Either I or he IS going to the store.
|
|
He/She
|
I
|
Am
|
Neither he nor I AM responsible.
|
Meanings
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that work together to join two parts of a sentence that have equal value or importance. 'Either...or' indicates a choice between two possibilities, while 'neither...nor' indicates that two or more things are not true or do not happen.
Exclusive Choice
Used to present two options where only one can be chosen or is true.
“Either we win this game or we are out of the tournament.”
“You can have either the chocolate cake or the fruit salad.”
Double Negation/Exclusion
Used to say that two things are both not true, not present, or not possible.
“Neither the phone nor the laptop is working.”
“He neither called nor texted me all weekend.”
Emphasis and Rhetoric
Used to emphasize the balance or the extremity of two situations, often in formal speeches or literature.
“Neither rain nor snow shall stay these messengers.”
“Either we stand together, or we fall divided.”
Reference Table
| 接続詞 | 意味 | 使い方 | 動詞の一致 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`either...or`
|
AかBのどちらか(肯定的な選択)
|
2つの選択肢や可能性を繋ぐ
|
後ろ(近い方)の主語に合わせる
|
|
`neither...nor`
|
AもBも〜ない(否定的な選択)
|
2つの否定や除外を繋ぐ
|
後ろ(近い方)の主語に合わせる
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I care for neither the salmon nor the steak. (Dining out)
I want neither the salmon nor the steak. (Dining out)
I don't want either the salmon or the steak. (Dining out)
Nah, neither for me. (Dining out)
レベル別の例文
I want either juice or water.
Neither Tom nor Sam is here.
You can either sit or stand.
I have neither a pen nor paper.
We can either watch a movie or play a game.
Neither the cat nor the dog is hungry.
Either you come with us or you stay home.
He speaks neither English nor French.
The hotel was neither clean nor comfortable.
You must either pay the fine or go to court.
Neither the students nor the teacher was prepared for the fire drill.
I will either call you tonight or send an email tomorrow.
Neither the marketing strategy nor the sales figures were impressive.
The candidate was either extremely nervous or completely unqualified.
Neither does she enjoy her job, nor does she plan to stay much longer.
You may either submit the assignment via the portal or hand it in personally.
Neither the inherent complexity of the task nor the looming deadline deterred him.
Either the government must intervene, or the economy will face a total collapse.
The results were neither statistically significant nor practically relevant.
Neither did the witness recognize the suspect, nor could he describe the vehicle.
The poem's meter is neither strictly iambic nor entirely free-verse, creating a jarring effect.
Either we acknowledge the existential threat of climate change, or we resign ourselves to an uninhabitable planet.
Neither the veracity of the claims nor the integrity of the claimant was ever in doubt.
The solution lies neither in isolationism nor in unbridled globalism, but in a nuanced middle ground.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'neither' for more than two items.
Learners use 'either' when there are multiple choices.
Mixing up the negative structures.
よくある間違い
Either you or me.
Either you or I.
Neither tea or coffee.
Neither tea nor coffee.
I don't want neither.
I want neither.
Either stay or you leave.
Either stay or leave.
Neither my mom nor my sisters is coming.
Neither my mom nor my sisters are coming.
He is neither smart or funny.
He is neither smart nor funny.
I can either go or staying.
I can either go or stay.
Neither of the two options are good.
Neither of the two options is good.
He neither likes to swim nor running.
He likes neither swimming nor running.
Either the students or the teacher are wrong.
Either the students or the teacher is wrong.
Neither he did call nor did he write.
Neither did he call nor did he write.
文型パターン
Either ___ or ___ will be enough to finish the project.
Neither the ___ nor the ___ is available at the moment.
He was neither ___ nor ___ about the news.
Neither did she ___ nor did she ___.
Real World Usage
We are looking for someone who is either a certified accountant or has five years of experience.
Either Friday or Saturday works for me!
Neither party shall be liable for delays caused by acts of God.
I'll have neither the onions nor the pickles on my burger.
Neither the first hypothesis nor the second was supported by the data.
We can either book the hotel now or wait for a better price.
動詞の一致に注意!
Either my brother or my parents are coming.
二重否定を避けよう
She neither sings nor dances.
並列構造(パラレリズム)をキープ
I like either hiking or swimming.
より自然に聞こえるコツ
Neither his tone nor his words were kind.
強調のために使う
Neither the rain nor the wind stopped us.
Smart Tips
Scan ahead for 'nor'. If you see 'or', change it immediately!
Put the plural subject second. It often sounds more natural to have the plural verb at the end.
Replace 'not...and not' with 'neither...nor'.
Check that both verbs are in the same tense and form.
発音
Either/Neither Vowel Sounds
In American English, these usually start with a long 'E' sound (/iː/). In British English, they often start with a long 'I' sound (/aɪ/). Both are correct.
Stress Pattern
Stress the first syllable of 'either' and 'neither', and the words that follow them for emphasis.
Rising-Falling
Either tea (rise) or coffee (fall).
Indicates a complete list of options.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember: 'Either' is for 'One' (O for Or), and 'Neither' is for 'None' (N for Nor).
視覚的連想
Imagine a balance scale. On one side is 'Either', on the other is 'Or'. If you put a noun on the left, you must put a noun on the right to keep the scale balanced (Parallelism).
Rhyme
Either and Or, a choice is in store; Neither and Nor, both out the door.
Story
A traveler comes to a fork in the road. He can either go left or go right. However, he has neither a map nor a compass, so he decides to stay put.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences about your weekend plans: one using either...or for a choice, one using neither...nor for things you won't do, and one where the subjects have different numbers (singular/plural).
文化メモ
British speakers are more likely to use the /aɪ/ pronunciation for 'either' and 'neither'. They also strictly adhere to the proximity rule in formal writing.
American speakers predominantly use the /iː/ pronunciation. In very casual speech, 'neither' is sometimes used with a plural verb even if the closer subject is singular, though this is discouraged in schools.
These pairs are essential in legal 'legalese' to ensure no ambiguity in exclusions or choices.
From Old English 'ægther' (either) and 'nāhwæther' (neither).
会話のきっかけ
If you could travel anywhere, would you either go to the mountains or the beach?
What are two foods that you like neither the taste nor the smell of?
In a job, is it more important to have either a high salary or a good work-life balance?
Neither the past nor the future is guaranteed. How do you live in the present?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
either...or が正解です。cook(動詞の原形)には order(動詞の原形)を合わせる必要があります。neither...nor を使って、2つの不定詞句(to go to the park と to the movie)を繋いでいます。Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercises___ the manager ___ the employees were happy with the new policy.
Neither the teacher nor the students ___ coming to the party.
Find and fix the mistake:
You can either have the cake or eating the pie.
Combine: I don't like coffee. I don't like tea.
1. Either we go now... 2. Neither the car... 3. He neither speaks...
Neither did he know the answer, nor did he care.
A: Should we order pizza or Chinese? B: ___ sounds good to me, I'm not really hungry.
A. Either you or I am going. B. Neither him or his friend came.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesScore: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, 'either' must always be paired with 'or'. Using 'either...nor' is a common mistake that should be avoided.
Technically, 'either' and 'neither' are for two options. For three or more, use 'any' or 'none'. However, in informal speech, people sometimes say 'either A, B, or C'.
It is 'Neither he nor I am'. According to the proximity rule, the verb agrees with 'I', and 'I' takes 'am'.
Yes! For example: 'Neither of the boys was ready.' Just remember that when 'neither' is the subject on its own, it is usually singular.
Usually, no. You only need a comma if you are joining two independent clauses (full sentences). Example: 'Either you must leave, or I will call the police.'
It can be. In texts, people often say 'I don't like A or B' instead. But 'Neither works for me' is a very common and natural short response.
It's the rule that says the verb should agree with the subject closest to it. 'Neither the apples nor the *pear* *is*...' vs 'Neither the pear nor the *apples* *are*...'
Parallelism makes your sentences balanced and easier to read. If you mix parts of speech (like a noun and a verb), the sentence feels 'broken' to a native speaker.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
o...o / ni...ni
English forbids double negatives with 'neither...nor'.
soit...soit / ni...ni
French requires an extra negative particle 'ne'.
entweder...oder / weder...noch
Word order in German clauses can change, unlike English.
...ka...ka / ...mo...mo (nai)
Japanese uses post-position particles rather than pre-position conjunctions.
imma...aw / la...wa la
Arabic repeats the negative 'la' with a conjunction 'wa'.
bushi...jiushi / ji bu...ye bu
Chinese structures are more like 'if/then' or 'also' patterns.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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