第一条件文:多分/おそらく (May/Might)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'may' or 'might' in the result clause when you aren't 100% sure what will happen.
- Use Present Simple after 'if' (If it rains...).
- Use 'may' or 'might' + base verb for the result (I might stay).
- Never use 'will' in the 'if' part of the sentence.
Overview
If the driver gets lost, my food might be cold(ドライバーが道に迷ったら、料理が冷めちゃうかも)」と思ったことはありませんか?あるいは友達に、「If I finish this Netflix show tonight, I may actually wake up early tomorrow(今夜このNetflixの番組を見終えたら、明日は本当に早く起きるかも)」とメールしたことは?もしそうなら、あなたはすでにmayとmightを使った「第1条件文」を使っています。これは、将来について話したいけれど、何が起こるか100%確信が持てないときに使うパターンです。いわば「たぶん」の文法です。確実な約束や事実のように聞こえるwillとは違い、mayやmightは現実的な疑いのニュアンスを加えます。金曜の夜に本当に外出する気になるかどうかなんて誰にもわからないから、堅苦しい予定を立てるのが嫌いな私たちにはぴったりです。このガイドを読めば、あなたもエキスパートになれる「かも」しれませんよ(ね?)。How This Grammar Works
ifの部分)、第2パートは起こりうる結果です。mayやmightを使うとき、私たちは聞き手に、その結果は可能性があるけれど確実ではないと伝えています。降水確率50%の天気予報のようなものです。命を賭けるほどではないけれど、念のために傘を持っていくくらいの感じ。頭の中で、0%(起こらない)から100%(必ず起こる)まで動くスライダーをイメージしてください。mayとmightはちょうど真ん中の40〜60%あたりにあります。言語的な「肩をすくめる」動作のようなものです。「If I study, I will pass」と言えば自信満々(あるいはちょっと傲慢)ですが、「If I study, I might pass」と言えば、その試験が実際どれほど難しいかに対して少し現実的になっています。責任逃れにも最適です。上司に「I might finish it by 5 PM(5時までに終わるかも)」と言って終わらなくても、「*might*って言ったでしょ?」と言い訳できます。天才的ですね。Formation Pattern
if節:これはif + 現在形を使います。未来のことを話していても、この部分にwillやmightは絶対に使いません。常にIf I goやIf she callsです。
mayまたはmight + 動詞の原形(toなし、-ingなし、-sなし)を使います。
We might stay in if it rains.」のように。ifが真ん中に来るときは、カンマ(,)が必要ないことに注意してください。カンマは文章の後半部分のためにドアを開けておくような役割をしているだけなのです。
When To Use It
- SNS:
If I post this photo, I might get a few likes.(この写真を投稿したら、いいねがいくつか付くかも。) - 仕事/大学:
If the professor is in a good mood, he may extend the deadline.(教授の機嫌がよければ、締め切りを延ばしてくれるかも。) - ゲーム:
If I find the legendary sword, I might actually win this round.(伝説の剣を見つけたら、このラウンドは勝てるかも。) - 旅行:
If the flight is delayed, we may miss our connection.(飛行機が遅れたら、乗り継ぎに失敗するかも。)
I might be able to help(手伝えるかも)」と言うほうが、きっぱりとした「はい」や「いいえ」よりもずっと柔らかく、プレッシャーも少なくなります。「逃げ道」を作ってくれるのです。私たちみんなが持っている(あるいは自分自身である)「優柔不断な友達」のための公式文法です。Tinderの相手にまた会いたいかと聞かれて、「If I have time next week, we might meet(来週時間があれば、会えるかも)」と言えば、うまく選択肢を保留にしておくことができます。Common Mistakes
might willやmay willとは言わないでください。どちらか1つを選んでください!- ✗
If it rains, it might will be cold.(間違い!どっちかにして。) - ✓
If it rains, it might be cold.
if節にwillを入れてしまうことです。- ✗
If I will see her, I might tell her. - ✓
If I see her, I might tell her.
if節は「アンカー(錨)」だと考えてください。シンプルでなければなりません。mayとmightはhe、she、itになっても変化しないことを忘れないでください。mightsなんて言葉はありません。「She mights go」なんて言ったら、フォークでスープを飲もうとしている人のように見られてしまいます。シンプルに「She might go」でいきましょう。Contrast With Similar Patterns
willを使うのとどう違うのでしょうか?答えはシンプル、可能性(確率)です。If I go to the party, I will see him.(確率100%。確信しています。)If I go to the party, I might see him.(確率50%。彼がいるかもしれないし、家でNetflixを見ているかもしれません。)
canはどうでしょう?canは能力についてです。「If I have money, I can buy it」は、物理的に買える能力があることを意味します。「If I have money, I may buy it」は、買うかどうかを「決めている」最中であることを意味します。If I won the lottery, I might travel)と混同しないでください。第2条件文は夢や不可能なことのためのものです。第1条件文(今回のルール)は現実的な可能性のためのものです。もし今、本当に宝くじのチケットを手に持っているなら、今回のルールを使ってください!インスタントラーメンを食べながら空想しているだけなら、第2条件文を使いましょう。Quick FAQ
mightはmayよりも「たぶん」度が高いですか?
厳密にはmightのほうがmayより少し確信度が低いですが、2024年現在、ほとんどの人はこれらを入れ替えて使っています。気にしすぎないでください。
代わりにcouldを使ってもいいですか?
はい、couldも可能性を表しますが、「能力」や「機会」に重点が置かれることが多いです。
就職面接でこれを使っても大丈夫ですか?
もちろんです。現実的であることを示せます。「If I am hired, I may be able to start on Monday.」と言えば、プロフェッショナルに聞こえ、必死すぎない印象を与えます。
mightの否定形は?
might notです。書くときにmightn'tを使うのは避けましょう。19世紀の小説の登場人物のように聞こえてしまいます。現代的でクールな響きにするならmight notがベストです。
Memory Trick
MIGHTという単語を、Maybe I Guess He Thinks(たぶん彼はそう思っている……はず)の略だと考えてください。「たぶん」の単語です!あるいはシンプルに「Might is Light(マイトは軽い)」と覚えましょう。重い約束ではなく、軽い可能性のことです。
Real Conversations
会話1:グループチャット
サム:フェスティバルに来る?
アレックス:If I can get the day off work, I might come.(仕事が休みになれば、行くかも。)
サム:了解、教えてね。If you come, we may need to book a bigger Airbnb.(君が来るなら、もっと広いAirbnbを予約する必要があるかもね。)
会話2:テクニカルサポート
ユーザー:スマホの調子が変なんです。
サポート:If you restart it, it might fix the bug.(再起動すれば、バグが直るかもしれません。)
ユーザー:直らなかったら?
サポート:Then we may have to reset the whole system.(その場合はシステム全体をリセットする必要があるかもしれません。)
Progressive Practice
初級: 文を完成させてください:If it ________ (be) sunny, I might go for a run.(答え:is)
中級: 次の確実な文を「たぶん」の文に変えてください:If she calls, I will answer.(答え:If she calls, I might answer.)
上級: if、現在形、mayを使って、自分の週末について文を書いてください。(例:If I feel productive, I may clean my room.)
Gender & Agreement
mayやmightのような助動詞は「ジェンダーニュートラル」かつ「人称ニュートラル」です。- I
may - You
may - He/She/It
may('s'は付けない!)
if節の冠詞だけに気をつければ大丈夫です。例:「If the a dog barks, I might wake up.」Structure of the First Conditional with Modals
| Clause Type | Conjunction | Subject | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Condition Clause
|
If
|
I / You / He / She / It / We / They
|
Present Simple
|
If she arrives...
|
|
Result Clause (Affirmative)
|
-
|
Subject
|
may/might + base verb
|
...she might stay.
|
|
Result Clause (Negative)
|
-
|
Subject
|
may/might + not + base verb
|
...she might not stay.
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
might not
|
mightn't
|
Very rare, mostly British English, formal/old-fashioned.
|
|
may not
|
None
|
Cannot be contracted in this context.
|
Meanings
A variation of the First Conditional used to express a possible (but not certain) consequence of a future condition.
Future Possibility
Expressing that a result is possible if a condition is met.
“If we leave now, we might catch the train.”
“If she studies hard, she may pass the exam.”
Polite Suggestions
Using a conditional structure to suggest a possible course of action tentatively.
“If you have time, you might want to check this report.”
“If you're looking for a gift, you may find something in that shop.”
Warning of Risks
Highlighting a potential negative outcome that isn't guaranteed but is possible.
“If you don't wear a coat, you might catch a cold.”
“If we don't hurry, we may lose our reservation.”
Reference Table
| If節(条件) | 主節(結果) | 確実性のレベル | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
現在形
|
will + 動詞の原形
|
高い
|
If I study, I will pass.
|
|
現在形
|
will probably + 動詞の原形
|
中高程度
|
If I study, I will probably pass.
|
|
現在形
|
will maybe + 動詞の原形
|
中低程度
|
If I study, I will maybe pass.
|
|
現在形
|
may + 動詞の原形
|
低中程度
|
If I study, I may pass.
|
|
現在形
|
might + 動詞の原形
|
低い
|
If I study, I might pass.
|
|
現在形
|
won't probably + 動詞の原形
|
中高程度(否定)
|
If it's late, she probably won't come.
|
|
現在形
|
may not + 動詞の原形
|
低中程度(否定)
|
If it's late, she may not come.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
If my schedule permits, I may attend the gala. (Social planning)
If I finish work, I might go to the party. (Social planning)
If I'm done, I might show up. (Social planning)
If I'm free, I might hit up that bash. (Social planning)
仮定法1型:確実性の度合い
高い確実性
- Will If it rains, I will stay home.
中高程度の確実性
- Will Probably If it rains, I will probably stay home.
中低程度の確実性
- Will Maybe If it rains, I will maybe stay home.
低中程度の確実性
- May If it rains, I may stay home.
低い確実性
- Might If it rains, I might stay home.
助動詞の比較:「May」vs「Might」vs「Will Probably」
仮定法修飾語の選び方
条件は現実的な未来の可能性ですか?
結果について非常に確実ですか?
結果は非常に起こりそうですが、100%確実ではありませんか?
結果はある程度起こりそうで、まだかなり迷っていますか?
不確実な仮定法1型を使う文脈
計画
- • 柔軟なスケジュール
- • 予備計画
アドバイス
- • 慎重な提案
- • 控えめな推薦
予測
- • 投機的な結果
- • 天気予報
交流
- • 友達とのメッセージ
- • カジュアルな会話
レベル別の例文
If it is sunny, I might go out.
If it is sunny, I might go out.
If I am hungry, I may eat a snack.
If I am hungry, I may eat a snack.
If she is late, we might wait.
If she is late, we might wait.
If you are tired, you might sleep.
If you are tired, you might sleep.
If I see him, I might tell him the news.
If I see him, I might tell him the news.
If we don't hurry, we may miss the bus.
If we don't hurry, we may miss the bus.
If it rains tomorrow, I might not go to the park.
If it rains tomorrow, I might not go to the park.
If you study, you may get a good grade.
If you study, you may get a good grade.
If the company expands, they might hire more staff.
If the company expands, they might hire more staff.
If you don't follow the instructions, the machine may break.
If you don't follow the instructions, the machine may break.
If we save enough money, we might go to Italy next summer.
If we save enough money, we might go to Italy next summer.
If he doesn't call soon, I might start to worry.
If he doesn't call soon, I might start to worry.
If the interest rates rise, the housing market may suffer a decline.
If the interest rates rise, the housing market may suffer a decline.
If you invest in this stock, you might see a significant return.
If you invest in this stock, you might see a significant return.
If the negotiations fail, the workers might go on strike.
If the negotiations fail, the workers might go on strike.
If she continues to perform this well, she may be promoted by year-end.
If she continues to perform this well, she may be promoted by year-end.
If the data is misinterpreted, the entire study may be rendered invalid.
If the data is misinterpreted, the entire study may be rendered invalid.
If we overlook these minor details, we might jeopardize the whole project.
If we overlook these minor details, we might jeopardize the whole project.
If the government intervenes, the market dynamics might shift unpredictably.
If the government intervenes, the market dynamics might shift unpredictably.
If you choose to ignore the warning signs, you may well regret it later.
If you choose to ignore the warning signs, you may well regret it later.
If the philosophical premise is flawed, the subsequent arguments may crumble under scrutiny.
If the philosophical premise is flawed, the subsequent arguments may crumble under scrutiny.
If the protagonist makes that choice, the narrative might take a darker turn.
If the protagonist makes that choice, the narrative might take a darker turn.
If we concede this point, we might inadvertently undermine our entire legal position.
If we concede this point, we might inadvertently undermine our entire legal position.
If the ecosystem is disrupted further, certain species may face imminent extinction.
If the ecosystem is disrupted further, certain species may face imminent extinction.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'will' when they aren't actually sure of the result.
Learners use 'If I might...' instead of 'If I were...'.
よくある間違い
If it will rain, I might stay.
If it rains, I might stay.
If I see her, I might to go.
If I see her, I might go.
If he might come, I will be happy.
If he comes, I might be happy.
If it rains, I mightn't go.
If it rains, I might not go.
文型パターン
If it ___, I might ___.
If I have enough ___, I may ___.
Real World Usage
If the cold front moves in, it might snow.
If I am hired, I may be able to start immediately.
If I'm not too tired, I might come over.
If you take this medicine, you might feel dizzy.
If you restart the router, the signal may improve.
If the flight is overbooked, some passengers may be moved.
確実性の度合いを測ろう
「will」と「May/Might」は一緒に使わない!
If I have time, I may go.
「Maybe」の位置
Maybe if it snows tomorrow, we will stay home.
丁寧さと表現の和らげ方
If the proposal is approved, we may proceed.
「もし〜ならば」で練習しよう
If it rains tomorrow, I might stay home.
Smart Tips
Always use 'might' instead of 'will' to avoid making promises you can't keep.
Use 'may' instead of 'might' to sound more professional.
Check if 'will' is in the 'if' clause. If it is, move it or remove it!
Use 'might' to sound like you are giving helpful advice rather than a threat.
発音
The 't' in Might
In fast speech, the 't' at the end of 'might' is often a 'stop t' (not fully pronounced) if the next word starts with a consonant.
Rising-Falling
If it rains (rise), I might stay home (fall).
The rise shows the condition is unfinished; the fall shows the result is the end of the thought.
暗記しよう
記憶術
M&M: May and Might mean Maybe.
視覚的連想
Imagine a weather vane spinning in the wind. It could point North, or it might point South. The 'If' is the wind, and the 'Might' is the uncertain direction.
Rhyme
If the sun is bright, I just might. If the sky is gray, I may stay.
Story
A traveler stands at a crossroads. If he takes the left path, he might find a village. If he takes the right, he may find a forest. He isn't sure, so he uses 'might' and 'may' to plan his journey.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences about your plans for next weekend using 'If... I might...'. Make sure one is about the weather, one about work/study, and one about a hobby.
文化メモ
British speakers use 'might' very frequently to sound polite and indirect, avoiding being too assertive.
Americans use 'might' and 'maybe' interchangeably, but 'may' is almost exclusively reserved for formal writing or permission.
In international business, using 'might' is a way to 'under-promise and over-deliver'. It manages expectations.
The word 'might' comes from the Old English 'mihte', the past tense of 'magan' (to be able).
会話のきっかけ
If you win the lottery tomorrow, what might you buy first?
If the weather is perfect this weekend, what might you do?
If you could change your job, what career may you choose?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
If she studies hard, she ___ pass the exam.
Find and fix the mistake:
If I finish work early, I will might join you.
Translate into English: 'Si hace sol mañana, probablemente iremos a la playa.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesIf we leave now, we ___ catch the early bus, but I'm not sure.
If he ___ (study) more, he might pass the test.
Find and fix the mistake:
If it will be sunny, we might go to the beach.
Maybe I will call you if I have time.
1. If you eat too much... 2. If you save money... 3. If it rains...
A: Are you coming to the party? B: If I finish my essay, I ___.
Sort these sentences.
You can use 'might' in both the 'if' clause and the result clause.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesIf the traffic is bad, I ___ be late for the meeting.
If it will rain, we might cancel the picnic.
Translate into English: 'Si ella estudia, quizás apruebe el examen.'
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the conditions to their possible results:
If it snows tonight, schools ___ close tomorrow.
Maybe if he comes, we will go.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Si compras eso, probablemente te arrepentirás.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the first half of the sentence to its second half:
If you don't eat now, you ___ feel hungry later.
Score: /13
よくある質問 (8)
In modern English, there is almost no difference. `Might` is more common in speech, while `may` is slightly more formal. Some grammarians say `might` is even less certain than `may`, but most people use them the same way.
Yes! `Could` also expresses possibility. 'If it rains, we could stay home' means it is a possible option for us.
The `if` clause sets the condition, which is usually treated as a factual possibility in the Present Simple. Adding a modal of uncertainty like `might` inside the condition makes the sentence grammatically redundant and confusing.
Yes, it is the contraction of `might not`. However, it is very rare. It's better to use `might not` to sound more natural.
Yes! You can say 'I might go if I have time.' Just remember that if the `if` clause comes second, you don't need a comma.
No. In this conditional structure, `may` refers to probability, not permission. 'If it rains, I may stay' means 'maybe I will stay', not 'I am allowed to stay'.
We usually use 'Do you think...?' For example: 'Do you think you might come if I invite you?' Starting a question with 'Might you...?' sounds very old-fashioned.
No. The First Conditional (with might) is for real possibilities. The Second Conditional (If I won...) is for imaginary or impossible situations.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + presente + puede que + subjuntivo
English uses a modal verb; Spanish often triggers the subjunctive mood.
Si + présent + futur (avec 'peut-être')
French relies on adverbs rather than a distinct modal conjugation.
Wenn + Präsens + vielleicht + Futur
German word order (V2) changes the position of the verb in the result clause.
~tara, ~kamoshirenai
The 'might' equivalent comes at the end of the sentence in Japanese.
Idha + present + qad + present
The particle 'qad' changes meaning based on the tense of the following verb.
Ruguo... jiu keneng...
No verb conjugation or tense markers are used in Chinese.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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【英語学習】仮定法1型 「maybe/probably/may/might」で可能性を表現!
バイリンガル英会話
May Mightの違いと使い方 | 英語の可能性を表す表現を徹底解説!
英会話の達人
【英文法】First Conditionalの「will」「may」「might」使い分け講座
英語の森
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