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communities

B1 noun #34 よく出る 10分で読める

communities

上位34

練習する例文メモとヒント communities 30秒で

解説 communities in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'communities' as just 'groups of people.' For example, the people who live on your street are a community. The people you go to school with are a community. It is a word for people who are together in one place or who like the same things. You might say, 'I like my community' to mean you like the people around you. At this level, we usually use the singular 'community,' but 'communities' just means more than one group. Imagine two different towns; those are two communities. It is a friendly word that helps us talk about being with other people. You don't need to worry about complex meanings yet; just think of it as a way to describe groups of people who belong together. You might see this word in simple stories about neighborhoods or schools. It is important to know that it ends in 'ies' when there is more than one. For example, 'There are many communities in this city.' This means there are many different groups of people living there. It is a very common and useful word for talking about your world.

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At the A2 level, 'communities' refers to more specific groups of people who share something in common. You might talk about 'local communities' or 'online communities.' A local community is the group of people living in your town or neighborhood. An online community is a group of people who talk to each other on the internet about things they like, such as games or music. You can use this word to describe how people help each other. For example, 'Communities work together to keep the park clean.' This shows that the word is about people doing things as a group. You will also start to see it used with adjectives. You might hear about 'small communities' or 'large communities.' It is a step up from just saying 'groups' because it implies that the people in the group have a connection to each other. They aren't just random people; they belong together. When you use the plural 'communities,' you are usually comparing different groups or talking about many groups at once. For example, 'The government helps poor communities.' This means the government is helping many different groups of people who need support.

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At the B1 level, 'communities' becomes a more versatile term used to describe social structures and shared identities. You will encounter it in discussions about social issues, culture, and the environment. It's not just about where people live, but also about what they believe and how they interact. For instance, you might read about 'scientific communities' or 'ethnic communities.' This level of usage recognizes that people can belong to multiple communities at the same time—you might be part of your local neighborhood community, a professional community at work, and a digital community of hobbyists online. The word often appears in contexts involving support, development, and cooperation. You might hear phrases like 'building stronger communities' or 'supporting marginalized communities.' At B1, you should also be aware of the word's use in biology to describe different species living together in one habitat. Understanding 'communities' at this level means recognizing the importance of social cohesion and the various ways people organize themselves. It is a key word for discussing how society functions and how individuals find their place within it. You should be comfortable using it in both spoken and written English to describe various social groups.

At the B2 level, 'communities' is used with more nuance and precision, often in academic, professional, or political contexts. You will see it used to analyze social dynamics, urban planning, and global relations. For example, you might discuss 'the impact of gentrification on local communities' or 'the role of digital communities in political mobilization.' At this level, the word often carries a sense of collective agency and social capital. It's about how these groups function, how they are governed, and how they interact with larger societal structures. You will also encounter more complex collocations, such as 'vulnerable communities,' 'intentional communities,' or 'the international community.' The plural form 'communities' is frequently used to highlight diversity and the existence of multiple, sometimes overlapping, social spheres. You should be able to distinguish between 'community' as an abstract ideal and 'communities' as specific, tangible groups. In professional settings, you might hear about 'community engagement' or 'community-led initiatives,' which emphasize the importance of involving local groups in decision-making processes. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the social, economic, and cultural factors that define and sustain these groups.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'communities' should encompass its complex sociological and philosophical dimensions. You will use the term to explore deep-seated issues of identity, belonging, and social fragmentation. For instance, you might analyze how 'transnational communities' challenge traditional notions of the nation-state or how 'virtual communities' redefine human interaction in the digital age. The word is often used in critical discourse to examine power dynamics, social exclusion, and the construction of collective memory. You will encounter it in sophisticated academic texts, where it might be used to discuss 'discursive communities' (groups defined by shared ways of speaking and thinking) or 'communities of practice' (groups that learn and grow through shared activity). At this level, you should be able to use 'communities' to articulate subtle distinctions between different forms of social organization and to critique the ways in which the term is sometimes used to oversimplify complex social realities. Your writing and speaking should demonstrate a high degree of precision, using the word to explore the intricate web of relationships that constitute modern society. You will also be familiar with its use in ecological theory to describe the complex interactions within biological systems, using it as a metaphor for social interdependence.

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At the C2 level, 'communities' is a highly nuanced concept used to navigate the most complex social, political, and scientific discussions. You will use it to engage with high-level theories of social structure, global governance, and ecological complexity. The term might be used to discuss the 'atomization of modern communities' or the 'resilience of indigenous communities' in the face of globalization. You will be able to use the word with complete mastery, understanding its historical evolution and its various applications across different disciplines. In your own work, you might use 'communities' to describe the intersectional nature of identity, where individuals belong to multiple, often conflicting, social groups. You will also be adept at using the word in metaphorical and rhetorical ways, perhaps discussing 'communities of thought' or 'communities of interest' to describe intellectual or political movements. At this level, 'communities' is not just a label for groups of people, but a powerful tool for analyzing the very fabric of human and natural existence. You will be able to participate in deep, critical conversations about the future of communities in an increasingly interconnected yet polarized world, using the term to highlight both the challenges and the possibilities of collective human endeavor.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

communities 30秒で

Communities are groups of people linked by shared location, interests, or identity, providing a sense of belonging and mutual support in various social contexts.
The word can describe physical neighborhoods, professional groups, digital forums, or even biological ecosystems where different species interact in a shared habitat.
In plural form, 'communities' highlights the diversity and existence of multiple distinct social groups within a larger society or across different geographical areas.
Commonly used in politics, sociology, and everyday conversation, the term emphasizes social cohesion, collective agency, and the fundamental human need for connection.

The term communities is the plural form of community, representing a foundational concept in sociology, geography, and human interaction. At its core, it refers to groups of people who share something significant, whether that is a physical location, a set of beliefs, a professional interest, or a common identity. In the modern era, the definition has expanded significantly from purely geographic boundaries to include digital spaces and global networks. When we speak of communities, we are often discussing the invisible threads of connection that bind individuals together, providing them with a sense of belonging, security, and mutual support. This word is used in almost every facet of life, from local government discussions about 'neighborhood communities' to technical discussions about 'open-source software communities.' It implies a collective agency where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Geographic Communities: These are defined by physical proximity, such as towns, villages, or specific urban neighborhoods where residents share local resources and infrastructure.

Interest-Based Communities: Groups formed around shared hobbies, professions, or goals, such as the scientific community, the gaming community, or the artistic community.

Identity Communities: Groups based on shared characteristics like ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation, which often provide a vital support system for marginalized individuals.

The internet has allowed diverse communities to thrive across national borders, connecting people with rare interests.

The versatility of the word allows it to describe both the small-scale (a local knitting club) and the large-scale (the international community of nations). In a sociological context, communities are often analyzed through the lens of 'social capital,' which refers to the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. When people use this word, they are frequently highlighting the importance of social cohesion and the human need for connection. It is a warm word, generally carrying positive connotations of cooperation and togetherness, though it can also be used to describe more exclusive or insular groups.

Local communities often come together during times of crisis to support those in need.

The project aims to empower marginalized communities by providing access to better education.

Scientists from various communities collaborated on the groundbreaking climate research.

Online communities have revolutionized the way we share information and support one another.

Using 'communities' correctly requires an understanding of its role as a plural countable noun. It is most frequently used to describe multiple distinct groups that share a commonality. In formal writing, it often appears as the subject or object of sentences involving social policy, urban planning, or sociology. For instance, 'The government is investing in rural communities' highlights a specific target for policy. In more casual contexts, it might describe social circles or online groups. The word often pairs with adjectives that define the type of group, such as 'vibrant,' 'disadvantaged,' 'scientific,' or 'virtual.'

As a Subject: 'Communities across the nation are facing similar economic challenges.' Here, the word acts as the actor performing the action of facing challenges.

As an Object: 'We must protect the coastal communities from rising sea levels.' In this case, the communities are the recipients of the protection.

With Prepositions: 'There is a sense of pride within these communities.' The preposition 'within' is commonly used to describe internal dynamics.

Building strong communities requires active participation from all members.

One nuance to keep in mind is the distinction between 'community' (the abstract concept or a single group) and 'communities' (multiple groups). If you are talking about the general feeling of togetherness, use the singular. If you are talking about the specific groups themselves, use the plural. For example, 'Community is important' vs. 'Many communities are struggling.' Additionally, in scientific contexts, particularly biology, 'communities' refers to the populations of different species interacting in a specific area. This ecological usage is quite specific but follows the same grammatical rules.

The researcher studied the microbial communities found in extreme environments.

Diverse communities bring a wealth of different perspectives to the table.

The festival celebrates the various ethnic communities living in the city.

Digital communities often form around shared interests in technology and gaming.

You will encounter the word 'communities' in a vast array of settings, ranging from high-level political discourse to casual social media interactions. In the news, it is a staple term used by journalists and politicians to discuss social issues, urban development, and public health. For example, a news report might discuss how 'underserved communities' are being impacted by a new policy. In academic settings, particularly in sociology, anthropology, and environmental science, 'communities' is a technical term used to categorize groups of people or organisms for study. Professors might lecture on the 'dynamics of urban communities' or 'the evolution of online communities.'

In Politics: Politicians often use the word to sound inclusive and grounded, referring to 'working-class communities' or 'the business communities' to signal their priorities.

In Technology: Tech companies frequently talk about their 'user communities' or 'developer communities,' emphasizing the collaborative and social aspect of their platforms.

In Social Media: Platforms like Reddit, Discord, and Facebook are built around the concept of 'communities,' where users join groups based on specific interests.

The mayor promised to listen to the concerns of all local communities before making a decision.

In everyday life, you might hear someone talk about their 'school community' or 'church community.' It is a word that carries a sense of warmth and personal connection. In business, 'community management' has become a significant professional field, focusing on how brands interact with their customer base. Even in sports, commentators often refer to the 'fan communities' of different teams. The word is ubiquitous because it touches on the fundamental human experience of belonging to something larger than oneself. Whether it's a physical neighborhood or a global network of hobbyists, 'communities' is the word we use to describe these essential social structures.

Many online communities have their own unique slang and cultural norms.

The international communities are working together to address the global health crisis.

The charity works with rural communities to improve access to clean water.

Gaming communities can be incredibly supportive and creative spaces.

While 'communities' is a common word, there are several pitfalls to avoid in its usage. The most frequent error is confusing the plural 'communities' with the singular 'community.' Remember that 'communities' refers to multiple distinct groups, while 'community' refers to either a single group or the abstract concept of social connection. Another common mistake is using 'communities' when 'society' would be more appropriate. 'Society' refers to the entire organized population of a country or the world, whereas 'communities' refers to the smaller, more specific groups within that society. Using 'communities' too broadly can make your writing feel imprecise.

Plural vs. Singular: Incorrect: 'The communities is growing.' Correct: 'The communities are growing.' or 'The community is growing.'

Community vs. Society: 'Society' is the macro-level structure; 'communities' are the micro-level groups. Don't say 'The communities must follow the law' if you mean the entire population.

Spelling Errors: Watch out for the 'ies' ending. Common misspellings include 'communitys' or 'communitites.'

It is a mistake to treat all communities as if they have the same needs and goals.

Another subtle mistake is failing to specify which communities you are referring to. Because 'communities' is such a broad term, using it without an adjective or context can leave the reader confused. Are you talking about geographic communities, ethnic communities, or professional communities? Always provide enough context to make your meaning clear. Finally, be careful with the word 'communal,' which is the adjective form. While related, 'communal' often implies shared ownership or living arrangements (like a 'communal kitchen'), which is a more specific meaning than simply belonging to a community.

The report failed to distinguish between urban and rural communities, leading to flawed conclusions.

Some communities are more resistant to change than others due to long-standing traditions.

The researcher noted that these communities had very different ways of managing resources.

Misunderstanding the cultural nuances of local communities can lead to project failure.

While 'communities' is a versatile word, there are many synonyms and related terms that can offer more precision depending on the context. Understanding these alternatives will help you avoid repetition and choose the most accurate word for your meaning. For instance, if you are talking about people living in the same area, 'neighborhoods' or 'localities' might be more specific. If you are discussing a group with a shared purpose, 'collectives,' 'associations,' or 'organizations' could be better choices. In more formal or academic writing, terms like 'societies,' 'populations,' or 'constituencies' are often used to describe specific types of groups.

Neighborhoods vs. Communities: 'Neighborhoods' specifically refers to geographic areas, while 'communities' emphasizes the social bonds and shared identity of the people within those areas.

Collectives vs. Communities: 'Collectives' often implies a more formal or intentional organization, often with shared ownership or political goals, whereas 'communities' can be more organic.

Populations vs. Communities: 'Populations' is a more clinical or statistical term, often used in science or demographics, while 'communities' suggests social interaction and connection.

The artist worked with various local communities to create the public mural.

Other alternatives include 'fellowships,' which suggests a very close-knit and often religious or spiritual bond, and 'circles,' which often refers to social or professional networks (e.g., 'academic circles'). In a digital context, you might use 'networks' or 'forums.' When choosing an alternative, consider the level of formality and the specific type of connection you want to highlight. 'Communities' remains the most general and widely applicable term, but using these alternatives can make your writing more nuanced and professional. For example, 'The scientific community' is a standard phrase, but you might also say 'The scientific fraternity' or 'The body of researchers' in certain contexts.

Different communities have different ways of expressing their cultural heritage.

The project sought to bridge the gap between the tech and arts communities.

Religious communities often provide a strong sense of identity and purpose.

The study examined how these communities adapted to the changing climate.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'community' shares the same root as 'communication' and 'common.' This highlights the deep linguistic connection between sharing information and sharing a life with others. In the Middle Ages, 'community' often referred specifically to a town or a guild that had been granted certain legal rights by a monarch.

発音ガイド

UK /kəˈmjuː.nə.tiz/

US /kəˈmjuː.nə.t̬iz/

The primary stress is on the second syllable: com-MU-ni-ties.

韻が合う語

opportunities immunities impunities unities vicinities affinities virginities divinities

よくある間違い

Stressing the first syllable: COM-mu-ni-ties (Incorrect).
Pronouncing the 'o' as a full /ɒ/ or /oʊ/ instead of a schwa /ə/.
Mispronouncing the 'ies' as 'eyes' instead of 'eez'.
Failing to flap the 't' in American English, making it sound too sharp.
Missing the 'n' sound in the middle: com-mu-i-ties.

難易度

読解 3/5

The word is common, but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the context (e.g., scientific vs. social).

ライティング 4/5

Requires careful use of the plural form and appropriate adjectives to be precise.

スピーキング 3/5

The pronunciation is relatively straightforward, though the stress must be correct.

リスニング 3/5

Easily recognizable in most contexts, though it can be confused with 'community' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

people group place share common

次に学ぶ

society culture identity cohesion network

上級

sociology anthropology gentrification marginalization social capital

知っておくべき文法

Pluralization of nouns ending in -y

Community becomes communities (change y to i and add es).

Subject-Verb Agreement with plural nouns

The communities are (not is) working together.

Using adjectives with plural nouns

Vibrant communities (adjective comes before the noun).

Collective nouns vs. Plural nouns

The community (singular collective) vs. The communities (plural distinct groups).

Prepositional phrases with 'communities'

People in communities, support for communities, within communities.

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レベル別の例文

Many communities live in this big city.

Muitas comunidades vivem nesta cidade grande.

Plural noun 'communities' with plural verb 'live'.

The two communities share a small park.

As duas comunidades compartilham um pequeno parque.

Using 'two' to specify the number of communities.

We help different communities in our school.

Nós ajudamos diferentes comunidades em nossa escola.

Adjective 'different' modifying 'communities'.

Small communities are often very friendly.

Pequenas comunidades são frequentemente muito amigáveis.

Adjective 'small' modifying 'communities'.

Do you know any online communities?

Você conhece alguma comunidade online?

Question form with 'any' and 'communities'.

These communities have many traditions.

Estas comunidades têm muitas tradições.

Demonstrative 'these' with plural 'communities'.

I want to visit different communities.

Eu quero visitar diferentes comunidades.

Infinitive 'to visit' followed by the object 'communities'.

The communities are happy today.

As comunidades estão felizes hoje.

Plural subject with the verb 'are'.

Local communities are working to save the forest.

Comunidades locais estão trabalhando para salvar a floresta.

Present continuous tense 'are working'.

Many online communities focus on video games.

Muitas comunidades online focam em videogames.

Verb 'focus' in the present simple.

The government supports rural communities with new roads.

O governo apoia comunidades rurais com novas estradas.

Present simple 'supports' with the object 'communities'.

These communities often have their own markets.

Estas comunidades frequentemente têm seus próprios mercados.

Possessive 'their own' referring to 'communities'.

We need to listen to all communities in the area.

Precisamos ouvir todas as comunidades na área.

Prepositional phrase 'in the area' modifying 'communities'.

How do these communities communicate with each other?

Como estas comunidades se comunicam umas com as outras?

Question form with 'how' and 'do'.

Different ethnic communities live together in peace.

Diferentes comunidades étnicas vivem juntas em paz.

Adjective 'ethnic' providing more detail.

The festival brings many communities together.

O festival reúne muitas comunidades.

Phrasal verb 'brings... together'.

Scientific communities are constantly sharing new research.

Comunidades científicas estão constantemente compartilhando novas pesquisas.

Adjective 'scientific' specifying the type of community.

The project aims to empower marginalized communities.

O projeto visa capacitar comunidades marginalizadas.

Infinitive 'to empower' followed by the object.

Biological communities consist of many different species.

Comunidades biológicas consistem em muitas espécies diferentes.

Scientific usage of the term 'communities'.

Building strong communities requires time and effort.

Construir comunidades fortes requer tempo e esforço.

Gerund 'Building' as the subject of the sentence.

Many communities have been affected by the recent floods.

Muitas comunidades foram afetadas pelas recentes enchentes.

Passive voice 'have been affected'.

There is a growing interest in sustainable communities.

Há um interesse crescente em comunidades sustentáveis.

Adjective 'sustainable' modifying 'communities'.

How can we foster a sense of belonging in these communities?

Como podemos promover um senso de pertencimento nestas comunidades?

Modal verb 'can' in a question.

The study compares urban and rural communities.

O estudo compara comunidades urbanas e rurais.

Present simple 'compares' with two objects.

The government is implementing policies to revitalize declining communities.

O governo está implementando políticas para revitalizar comunidades em declínio.

Present continuous 'is implementing' with a complex object.

Digital communities have played a crucial role in social movements.

Comunidades digitais têm desempenhado um papel crucial em movimentos sociais.

Present perfect 'have played' with an adjective phrase.

The impact of climate change on coastal communities is severe.

O impacto das mudanças climáticas nas comunidades costeiras é severo.

Noun phrase 'The impact of... on...'.

These communities are characterized by a high level of social capital.

Estas comunidades são caracterizadas por um alto nível de capital social.

Passive voice 'are characterized by'.

Researchers are examining how these communities adapt to economic shifts.

Pesquisadores estão examinando como estas comunidades se adaptam a mudanças econômicas.

Indirect question 'how these communities adapt'.

Intentional communities often share resources and living spaces.

Comunidades intencionais frequentemente compartilham recursos e espaços de convivência.

Adjective 'intentional' defining a specific type of group.

The international community has expressed concern over the situation.

A comunidade internacional expressou preocupação com a situação.

Collective noun 'international community' used in the singular.

Vulnerable communities need targeted support during the pandemic.

Comunidades vulneráveis precisam de apoio direcionado durante a pandemia.

Adjective 'vulnerable' and 'targeted' providing precision.

Transnational communities often maintain strong ties to their countries of origin.

Comunidades transnacionais frequentemente mantêm laços fortes com seus países de origem.

Complex adjective 'transnational' and noun phrase 'countries of origin'.

The study explores the discursive communities that form around political ideologies.

O estudo explora as comunidades discursivas que se formam em torno de ideologias políticas.

Academic term 'discursive communities' and relative clause 'that form...'.

Social fragmentation can lead to the isolation of certain communities.

A fragmentação social pode levar ao isolamento de certas comunidades.

Abstract noun 'fragmentation' as the subject.

The resilience of indigenous communities is a testament to their cultural strength.

A resiliência das comunidades indígenas é um testemunho de sua força cultural.

Noun phrase 'The resilience of...'.

Urban planners must consider the diverse needs of multi-ethnic communities.

Planejadores urbanos devem considerar as diversas necessidades de comunidades multiétnicas.

Modal verb 'must' and compound adjective 'multi-ethnic'.

The project aims to bridge the gap between academic and practitioner communities.

O projeto visa diminuir a lacuna entre as comunidades acadêmica e de profissionais.

Parallel structure 'academic and practitioner communities'.

Virtual communities can provide a vital support system for those with rare conditions.

Comunidades virtuais podem fornecer um sistema de apoio vital para aqueles com condições raras.

Adjective 'vital' and noun phrase 'support system'.

The erosion of traditional communities has significant sociological implications.

A erosão das comunidades tradicionais tem implicações sociológicas significativas.

Abstract noun 'erosion' and adjective 'sociological'.

The atomization of modern communities is a central theme in contemporary sociology.

A atomização das comunidades modernas é um tema central na sociologia contemporânea.

Highly academic term 'atomization' and complex noun phrase.

The interplay between biological and social communities offers a rich field for interdisciplinary study.

A interação entre comunidades biológicas e sociais oferece um campo rico para o estudo interdisciplinar.

Abstract noun 'interplay' and adjective 'interdisciplinary'.

The international community's response to the crisis was criticized for its lack of cohesion.

A resposta da comunidade internacional à crise foi criticada por sua falta de coesão.

Possessive form 'international community's' and passive voice.

Disadvantaged communities are often disproportionately affected by systemic inequalities.

Comunidades desfavorecidas são frequentemente afetadas de forma desproporcional por desigualdades sistêmicas.

Adverb 'disproportionately' and adjective 'systemic'.

The construction of collective memory within marginalized communities is a form of resistance.

A construção da memória coletiva dentro de comunidades marginalizadas é uma forma de resistência.

Complex noun phrase 'The construction of collective memory'.

Globalized markets can sometimes undermine the economic stability of local communities.

Mercados globalizados podem, às vezes, minar a estabilidade econômica das comunidades locais.

Modal verb 'can' and verb 'undermine'.

The concept of 'communities of practice' has revolutionized our understanding of organizational learning.

O conceito de 'comunidades de prática' revolucionou nossa compreensão da aprendizagem organizacional.

Quoted term 'communities of practice' and present perfect 'has revolutionized'.

The intricate web of relationships within these communities is difficult to quantify.

A intrincada teia de relacionamentos dentro destas comunidades é difícil de quantificar.

Metaphorical phrase 'intricate web of relationships'.

よく使う組み合わせ

local communities

online communities

scientific communities

marginalized communities

rural communities

vibrant communities

international community

diverse communities

disadvantaged communities

business communities

よく使うフレーズ

sense of community

— A feeling of belonging and mutual support within a group. It describes the emotional connection people feel.

The small town has a strong sense of community.

building communities

— The process of creating and strengthening social bonds among people. It is often used in social work and marketing.

The organization is dedicated to building communities through art.

community outreach

— Activities designed to provide services or information to people in a specific area. It is common in government and non-profits.

The hospital's community outreach program offers free health screenings.

community service

— Work done by a person or group of people that benefits others. It is often voluntary or part of a legal sentence.

The students performed community service at the local food bank.

community leader

— A person who is respected and influential within a specific group. They often represent the group's interests.

The community leader spoke out against the new development.

community center

— A place where members of a group can meet for social, educational, or recreational activities. It is a physical hub.

The local community center offers classes for all ages.

community development

— The process of improving the social, economic, and environmental conditions of a group. It is a field of study and practice.

The grant will fund several community development projects.

community engagement

— The process of working collaboratively with groups of people to address issues affecting their well-being. It is vital for policy-making.

Effective community engagement is key to the success of the project.

community spirit

— A feeling of pride and willingness to help others within a group. It is often seen during festivals or crises.

The disaster brought out a wonderful community spirit.

community-based

— Something that is located in or controlled by a specific group. It emphasizes local involvement.

The program uses a community-based approach to education.

よく混同される語

communities vs society

Society is the big, overall group of people in a country. Communities are the smaller groups within that society.

communities vs neighborhood

A neighborhood is a physical place where you live. A community is the social connection between the people in that place.

communities vs commune

A commune is a specific type of intentional community where people live and work together, often sharing everything. It is much more specific than 'communities'.

慣用句と表現

"a pillar of the community"

— A person who is very important, respected, and active in their local group. They are seen as a foundation of the group.

The local doctor has been a pillar of the community for forty years.

neutral

"the international community"

— The countries of the world considered as a whole, especially when acting together on global issues. It is a political idiom.

The international community condemned the invasion.

formal

"gated community"

— A residential area with walls or fences and controlled access. It often implies wealth and exclusivity.

They moved into a gated community for extra security.

neutral

"community of interests"

— A group of people who share a common goal or concern, even if they don't live in the same place. It is often used in law or politics.

The various stakeholders have a community of interests in the project's success.

formal

"bedroom community"

— A residential town where most people commute to a nearby city for work. It is also called a 'commuter town.'

The small village has become a bedroom community for the nearby metropolis.

neutral

"retirement community"

— A residential area specifically designed for older people who have stopped working. It often provides special services.

My grandparents live in a lovely retirement community in Florida.

neutral

"community of practice"

— A group of people who share a craft or profession and learn from each other through regular interaction.

The teachers formed a community of practice to share lesson plans.

academic

"in the community"

— Living among the general public rather than in an institution like a hospital or prison.

The program helps former prisoners reintegrate into life in the community.

neutral

"community chest"

— A fund of money collected from the public for local charities. It is also a famous card in the game Monopoly.

The community chest provided emergency funds for the family.

neutral

"part of the community"

— Feeling integrated and accepted within a social group. It implies active participation and belonging.

After ten years, they finally felt like part of the community.

neutral

間違えやすい

communities vs communal

It is the adjective form of community.

Communal refers to things that are shared by a group (like a communal kitchen), while community refers to the group itself.

The apartment building has a communal garden for all the communities living there.

communities vs collective

Both refer to groups of people.

A collective is usually a group that has a formal agreement to work together, while a community can be more informal and based on shared identity.

The workers formed a collective, but they also felt part of the local communities.

communities vs population

Both refer to groups of people in an area.

Population is a statistical or scientific term for the number of people. Communities implies social interaction and shared life.

The city's population is growing, but its local communities are struggling.

communities vs association

Both are groups of people with shared interests.

An association is a formal organization with members and rules. A community is a broader social group.

The neighborhood association represents the interests of the local communities.

communities vs network

Both involve connections between people.

A network is a system of connections (often for information or professional gain). A community implies a deeper sense of belonging and support.

He has a large professional network, but he lacks a sense of belonging in his local communities.

文型パターン

There are many [adjective] communities.

There are many friendly communities.

I belong to several [adjective] communities.

I belong to several online communities.

The project helps [adjective] communities to [verb].

The project helps local communities to grow food.

The impact of [noun] on [adjective] communities is [adjective].

The impact of the new law on rural communities is significant.

By fostering [noun], we can empower [adjective] communities.

By fostering social capital, we can empower marginalized communities.

The atomization of [adjective] communities reflects [noun].

The atomization of modern communities reflects a shift in social values.

Communities across the [place] are [verb-ing].

Communities across the country are celebrating the holiday.

It is essential to engage with [adjective] communities.

It is essential to engage with diverse communities.

語族

名詞

community

communalism

communitarianism

communicant

動詞

commune

communicate

形容詞

communal

communitarian

communicative

使い方

frequency

Very common in both spoken and written English.

よくある間違い

The communities is working together. → The communities are working together.
Communities is a plural noun, so it must take a plural verb (are). Using a singular verb is a common grammatical error.
I live in a very friendly communities. → I live in a very friendly community.
If you are talking about only one group (where you live), you must use the singular 'community.' Use 'communities' only for multiple groups.
There are many communitys in this city. → There are many communities in this city.
The plural of community is spelled 'communities,' not 'communitys.' Always change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'es.'
The government must help the whole communities. → The government must help the whole society.
If you mean everyone in the country, 'society' is a better word. 'Communities' refers to specific smaller groups within that society.
He is a pillar of the communities. → He is a pillar of the community.
The idiom 'a pillar of the community' usually refers to one specific local group, so it is almost always used in the singular.

ヒント

Plural Agreement

Always make sure your verbs match the plural 'communities.' Say 'The communities are' and 'The communities have.' This is a very common mistake for learners who are used to the singular 'community.' Checking your subject-verb agreement will make your writing sound much more professional.

Use Specific Adjectives

Instead of just saying 'communities,' try adding an adjective to be more precise. Use 'rural communities,' 'vibrant communities,' or 'scientific communities.' This helps your reader understand exactly which groups you are talking about. It adds detail and depth to your descriptions.

The Y to IES Rule

Remember that for nouns ending in a consonant + y, you change the y to i and add es. Community becomes communities. This rule applies to many other words like 'city' (cities) and 'party' (parties). Mastering this rule will help you avoid many common spelling errors in English.

Community vs. Society

Don't use 'communities' when you mean 'society' as a whole. Society is the entire population of a country. Communities are the smaller groups within it. For example, 'Society must follow the law,' but 'Local communities should have a say in the new park.' Using the right word shows you understand social structures.

Avoid Repetition

If you find yourself using the word 'communities' too many times in one paragraph, try using synonyms. You can use 'groups,' 'neighborhoods,' 'networks,' or 'collectives.' This makes your writing more interesting and varied. It also shows that you have a wide vocabulary.

Master the Stress

The stress in 'communities' is on the second syllable: com-MU-ni-ties. Practice saying it out loud several times. Correct stress is one of the most important factors in being understood by native speakers. If you put the stress on the first syllable, people might not recognize the word.

Listen for Adjectives

When you hear the word 'communities,' pay close attention to the words that come before it. Adjectives like 'marginalized,' 'online,' or 'biological' will tell you exactly what the speaker is talking about. This is a great way to improve your listening comprehension in academic or professional settings.

The 'Sense of Community'

If you want to talk about the feeling of belonging, use the phrase 'a sense of community.' This is a very common and natural-sounding expression in English. For example, 'The festival helped create a strong sense of community.' It's a great way to describe the emotional side of social groups.

Community Engagement

In business and government, 'community engagement' is a key term. It means talking to and working with local groups. If you are writing a report or a proposal, using this term will show that you are familiar with professional standards. It's a very positive and proactive phrase.

Biological Communities

If you are studying science, remember that 'communities' has a specific meaning in ecology. It refers to all the different species living in one area. Don't be confused if you see the word used to describe fish, plants, and bacteria. It's the same word, just used in a different field.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Common Units': Communities are groups of people who share Common interests and act as Units. The 'ies' at the end reminds you there are many of them.

視覚的連想

Imagine a map with many different colored circles. Each circle is a community. Some circles overlap, showing that people can belong to many communities at once.

Word Web

People Shared Support Belonging Location Interests Diversity Connection

チャレンジ

Write a paragraph describing three different communities you belong to (e.g., your family, your workplace, and an online group). Use the word 'communities' at least twice.

語源

The word 'communities' comes from the Old French 'comunité,' which in turn derives from the Latin 'communitas.' The Latin root 'communis' means 'common,' 'public,' or 'shared by all.' It is composed of 'com-' (together) and 'munis' (bound, under obligation), suggesting a group of people who are bound together by shared duties or interests.

元の意味： In its earliest usage, it referred to the quality of being common or shared, as well as to a body of people having common rights or privileges.

Indo-European (Italic -> Latin -> Romance -> English).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'communities' to label groups; always ensure the label is respectful and accurate (e.g., use 'marginalized communities' rather than 'poor communities' in formal contexts).

In English-speaking countries, 'community' is a 'warm' word often used by politicians to evoke a sense of home and safety.

The TV show 'Community' (focuses on a diverse group at a community college). The book 'Imagined Communities' by Benedict Anderson (about nationalism). The 'International Community' (a common term in UN speeches).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Urban Planning

sustainable communities
walkable communities
community infrastructure
urban communities

Social Media

online communities
community guidelines
community manager
digital communities

Public Health

community health
vulnerable communities
community immunity
underserved communities

Education

learning communities
school communities
academic communities
community college

Environment

biological communities
ecological communities
coastal communities
resilient communities

会話のきっかけ

"What are some of the most important communities you belong to in your life?"

"How have online communities changed the way you interact with people who share your hobbies?"

"What do you think makes a local community strong and supportive?"

"Do you think it's possible to feel a sense of community with people you've never met in person?"

"How can local governments better support the diverse communities living in their cities?"

日記のテーマ

Reflect on a time when a community you belong to helped you through a difficult situation. What did they do?

Describe the ideal community. What would it look like, and how would people interact with each other?

How do you think the concept of 'communities' has changed since your grandparents' generation?

Write about a community you would like to join. Why does it appeal to you, and what would you contribute?

Analyze the impact of technology on the communities you are a part of. Has it made them stronger or weaker?

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, 'communities' is the plural form of 'community.' Use it when you are talking about more than one group of people. For example, 'The two communities are very different.' If you are talking about only one group, use 'community.' This is a basic rule of English grammar for countable nouns.

A neighborhood is a geographic area, like a few streets in a city. A community refers to the people and the social bonds between them. You can live in a neighborhood without being part of the community if you don't talk to your neighbors. Conversely, an online community has no physical neighborhood at all. Communities are about people; neighborhoods are about places.

Yes, in biology, 'communities' refers to different species of animals and plants living together in the same habitat. For example, a coral reef is home to many biological communities. This is a scientific use of the word. In this context, it describes the interactions between different populations of organisms. It is a very common term in ecology.

This is a common phrase used in politics and news. It refers to all the countries in the world acting together, usually through organizations like the United Nations. For example, 'The international community is providing aid to the earthquake victims.' It treats the whole world as one large group with shared responsibilities. It is almost always used in the singular 'community' in this specific idiom.

The plural of community is 'communities.' Because 'community' ends in a consonant (t) followed by 'y,' you must change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'es.' This is a standard spelling rule in English. Avoid spelling it as 'communitys' or 'communitites,' as these are common mistakes. Always remember the 'y to ies' rule for this word.

This is a formal term for groups of people who are excluded from the main social, economic, or political life of a society. This can include ethnic minorities, poor people, or people with disabilities. The term 'marginalized' means they are pushed to the 'margins' or edges of society. Helping these communities is a major goal of many charities and government programs. It is a very common phrase in social justice discussions.

An online community is a group of people who interact with each other primarily via the internet. They share common interests, such as a hobby, a professional field, or a fan base. Examples include Reddit subreddits, Discord servers, and Facebook groups. These communities allow people from all over the world to connect and support each other without needing to be in the same physical location. They have become very important in modern life.

Community service is unpaid work that someone does to help their local area. This could be cleaning up a park, working at a food bank, or helping at a school. Sometimes, people do this voluntarily because they want to help. Other times, it is a punishment given by a judge instead of going to jail. It is a way for individuals to give back to the communities they live in.

A community leader is someone who is respected and influential within a specific group. They might be a religious leader, a local business owner, or someone who runs a charity. They often speak for the group and help organize events or solve problems. They are the people that others in the community look up to for guidance and support. Being a community leader requires good communication and a desire to help others.

The plural 'communities' is used to recognize that there isn't just one single group of people. Even in one city, there are many different communities based on religion, language, interests, and location. Using the plural highlights this diversity and prevents us from oversimplifying society. It acknowledges that people have different needs and perspectives depending on which groups they belong to. It is a more inclusive and accurate way to talk about society.

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自分をテスト 200 問

writing

Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) about a community you belong to. Use the word 'community' or 'communities' at least once.