B2 verb ニュートラル #7,000 よく出る 4分で読める

drought

/ˈdraʊt/ 上位7,000

Drought signifies a severe, prolonged lack of water or another essential element, impacting survival and progress.

30秒でわかる単語

A long period with little or no rain, causing water shortages.
Can also mean a lack of something desirable (e.g., success, inspiration).
Used in environmental, economic, and personal contexts.
Implies a significant, often harmful, deficiency.

Overview

The word 'drought' primarily refers to a meteorological phenomenon: a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. This scarcity can have devastating consequences, affecting agriculture, water supplies for communities, natural habitats, and even contributing to wildfires. The intensity of a drought is often categorized by its duration and severity, with terms like 'mild,' 'moderate,' 'severe,' and 'exceptional' drought being used by meteorological agencies.

Beyond its literal meaning concerning weather, 'drought' is frequently used metaphorically to describe a prolonged absence or lack of something essential or desirable. This figurative usage extends to various domains. For instance, an athlete might experience a 'scoring drought,' meaning they haven't scored for a considerable time. A writer could face a 'creative drought,' struggling for inspiration. Businesses might talk about a 'hiring drought' if they can't find suitable candidates, or an 'investment drought' if capital is scarce. This metaphorical extension highlights the core idea of scarcity, emptiness, or a frustrating lack of expected supply.

Usage Patterns

In formal contexts, such as scientific reports, news articles about environmental issues, or economic analyses, 'drought' is used precisely to describe the meteorological condition or its economic impact. For example, 'The region is facing its worst drought in fifty years, threatening crop yields.' In spoken English, especially in casual conversation, the metaphorical uses are more common. People might say, 'I've been on a dating drought lately,' or 'There's been a drought of good movies recently.' Regional variations are minimal for the literal meaning, but the frequency of metaphorical use might vary based on cultural emphasis on certain activities (e.g., sports, arts).

Common Contexts

1Environment & Agriculture: This is the most direct context. News reports frequently cover droughts, discussing their impact on farming, water restrictions, and conservation efforts. Scientific studies analyze climate patterns contributing to droughts.

1Economy & Business: Businesses discuss investment droughts, hiring droughts, or periods of low consumer spending as a 'drought' of economic activity.

1Personal Life & Hobbies: Individuals use it to describe periods of lack in personal pursuits: a 'creative drought' for artists, a 'fitness drought' for someone unable to exercise, or a 'social drought' during isolated times.

1Sports: Athletes and commentators often speak of a 'scoring drought,' 'goal drought,' or a period where a team struggles to win, referring to a lack of success.

1Media & Entertainment: Critics might lament a 'drought of originality' in films or television.

Comparison with Similar Words:

Drought vs. Famine: While related, 'famine' specifically refers to a severe shortage of food, often caused by drought, war, or other disasters, leading to widespread hunger and starvation. Drought is the lack of water; famine is the resulting lack of food and starvation.

Drought vs. Scarcity: 'Scarcity' is a more general term for a limited supply of something. Drought is a specific type of scarcity related to water. You can have a scarcity of resources without a drought, but a drought inherently implies scarcity of water.

Drought vs. Lack: 'Lack' is a very general term for not having something. 'Drought' implies a prolonged, significant, and often detrimental absence, carrying a heavier connotation of hardship or deficiency than a simple 'lack.'

Register & Tone

The literal use of 'drought' is generally neutral to formal, depending on the context (e.g., a scientific paper vs. a casual news report). The metaphorical use tends to be more informal and expressive, often used to add emphasis or a touch of drama to a situation. It's generally acceptable in most conversational settings but might be avoided in highly formal or technical discussions unless the metaphor is clearly understood and appropriate.

Common Collocations:

Severe drought: Indicates a high level of water shortage. 'The area is suffering from a severe drought, forcing water rationing.'

Prolonged drought: Emphasizes the long duration. 'This prolonged drought has devastated the agricultural sector.'

Water drought: Specifically refers to the lack of water. 'The city is implementing strict water restrictions due to the ongoing water drought.'

Economic drought: Used metaphorically for a period of poor economic performance. 'The company faced an economic drought following the recession.'

Creative drought: A common metaphor for a lack of artistic inspiration. 'The author is experiencing a creative drought and hasn't written anything new in months.'

Drought conditions: Refers to the state of being in a drought. 'Meteorologists are monitoring the drought conditions across the plains.'

End a drought: To overcome the period of scarcity. 'Rainfall is expected to end the drought.'

Drought relief: Measures taken to help areas affected by drought. 'The government announced drought relief packages for farmers.'

例文

The region has been suffering from a severe drought for the past three years, leading to widespread crop failure.

environmental

La región ha estado sufriendo una sequía severa durante los últimos tres años, lo que ha provocado el fracaso generalizado de las cosechas.

After a string of losses, the team is in a serious scoring drought.

sports

Después de una racha de derrotas, el equipo está en una seria sequía de anotaciones.

The artist confessed to experiencing a creative drought, struggling to find inspiration for her next project.

literary

La artista confesó estar experimentando una sequía creativa, luchando por encontrar inspiración para su próximo proyecto.

Government reports detailed the economic drought the country faced during the recession.

business

Los informes gubernamentales detallaron la sequía económica que el país enfrentó durante la recesión.

We've had such a drought of good conversation lately; let's really talk.

informal

Hemos tenido tanta escasez de buena conversación últimamente; hablemos en serio.

The prolonged drought necessitated the implementation of strict water conservation measures.

formal

La prolongada sequía obligó a la implementación de estrictas medidas de conservación de agua.

In the arid climate, a lack of rainfall is a constant threat, making drought a recurring challenge.

academic

En el clima árido, la falta de lluvia es una amenaza constante, haciendo de la sequía un desafío recurrente.

He felt like he was in a dating drought, lamenting the lack of potential partners.

everyday

Sentía que estaba en una sequía de citas, lamentando la falta de parejas potenciales.

類義語

dry spell aridity shortage scarcity dehydration lack

反対語

flood deluge abundance

よく使う組み合わせ

severe drought sequía severa

prolonged drought sequía prolongada

water drought sequía de agua

economic drought sequía económica

creative drought sequía creativa

drought conditions condiciones de sequía

end a drought poner fin a una sequía

drought relief alivio para la sequía

よく使うフレーズ

in a drought

experiencing a significant lack of something

hit by drought

negatively affected by a lack of water

drought-stricken area

a region suffering severely from lack of water

よく混同される語

drought vs scarcity

'Scarcity' is a general term for a limited supply of anything. 'Drought' specifically refers to a prolonged lack of water, though it can be used metaphorically for other lacks.

drought vs famine

'Famine' is a severe shortage of food causing widespread hunger, often a consequence of drought but not the same thing. Drought is the lack of water; famine is the lack of food.

drought vs lack

'Lack' is a general term for not having something. 'Drought' implies a more severe, prolonged, and often damaging absence, carrying a stronger negative connotation.

文法パターン

Subject + be + in + a + [adjective] + drought (e.g., 'The team is in a scoring drought.') Noun Phrase + suffer from + a + [adjective] + drought (e.g., 'The region suffers from a severe drought.') There + be + a + drought + of + Noun (e.g., 'There was a drought of new ideas.') Drought + conditions + [verb phrase] (e.g., 'Drought conditions worsened.') Article + [adjective] + drought + [verb phrase] (e.g., 'A prolonged drought threatened the harvest.') To + face/experience/end + a + drought

How to Use It

使い方のコツ

While 'drought' literally refers to a lack of water, its metaphorical use is widespread in English. Be mindful of context; using it metaphorically for trivial matters might sound overly dramatic. In formal or scientific writing, stick to the literal meaning unless the metaphorical extension is clearly established within the field.

よくある間違い

Learners sometimes use 'drought' when they mean a temporary or minor shortage; remember it implies a significant, prolonged absence. Avoid using it for a simple lack of something unless the duration and severity match the word's core meaning. For instance, saying 'a drought of coffee' might be an exaggeration unless you truly mean a prolonged, severe absence.

Tips

💡

Visualize the Lack

Imagine cracked earth or an empty well when you hear 'drought'. This helps remember the core meaning of severe lack and dryness.

⚠️

Don't Confuse with Shortage

While drought implies scarcity, it specifically means a prolonged, severe lack, often with significant negative consequences, unlike a simple 'shortage' or 'lack'.

🌍

Impact on Civilization

Historically, droughts have profoundly shaped civilizations, leading to migration, conflict, and agricultural innovation. This deep impact is often reflected in literature and historical accounts.

🎓

Nuance the Metaphor

When using 'drought' metaphorically, consider the specific 'thing' that is lacking. Specifying it (e.g., 'a drought of empathy,' 'a drought of reliable information') adds precision and impact.

語源

The word 'drought' originates from Old English 'drūgath,' related to 'drȳge' (dry). It evolved through Middle English and signifies a long period of dryness, both literally and figuratively.

文化的な背景

Droughts have historically been major drivers of human migration and societal change, particularly in agricultural societies. Their impact is deeply embedded in cultural narratives, religious texts, and folklore worldwide, often symbolizing hardship, divine punishment, or a test of resilience.

覚え方のコツ

Picture a 'drooping' plant under a relentless sun, gasping for water – the 'drooping' sound evokes 'drought,' painting a vivid image of desperate dryness and lack.

よくある質問

8 問

A drought is specifically a lack of rainfall and water. Famine is a severe shortage of food, often resulting from a drought but also caused by conflict or other disasters, leading to widespread starvation.

Yes, absolutely. It's commonly used metaphorically to describe any prolonged period where something desirable is significantly lacking, like inspiration, success, or opportunities.

In its literal sense concerning water, it's overwhelmingly negative due to its destructive impact. Metaphorically, it highlights a difficult or frustrating period, so it generally carries negative connotations of lack or hardship.

There's no single fixed duration, as it depends on the region's typical climate and water needs. However, it implies a period significantly longer than usual and severe enough to cause noticeable water shortages.

Yes, meteorological agencies often classify droughts based on severity and duration, using terms like 'mild,' 'moderate,' 'severe,' and 'exceptional' to describe the conditions and their impacts.

It refers to a period when an artist, writer, or musician finds themselves unable to generate new ideas or inspiration, feeling creatively blocked or uninspired.

Yes, prolonged lack of rainfall affects groundwater levels significantly. A drought condition implies a widespread water shortage affecting various sources, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and underground aquifers.

Yes, it's often used metaphorically in business. For example, a company might face a 'drought of new clients' or an 'investment drought' if funding is hard to come by.

自分をテスト

fill blank

The relentless ______ has led to severe water restrictions in many cities.

正解！おしい！正解: drought

'Drought' refers to a prolonged lack of rain, which directly causes water shortages and restrictions.

multiple choice

After a decade of blockbuster hits, the actor seemed to be in a career drought.

正解！おしい！正解: B

In this context, 'drought' is used metaphorically to mean a prolonged lack of success or desirable roles.

sentence building

facing / severe / the / region / is / drought / a

正解！おしい！正解: The region is facing a severe drought.

This sentence structure correctly places the subject ('The region'), verb ('is facing'), article ('a'), adjective ('severe'), and noun ('drought').

error correction

The prolonged drought of good ideas made the meeting unproductive.

正解！おしい！正解: The prolonged drought of good ideas made the meeting unproductive.

The original sentence is grammatically correct. 'Drought' is appropriately used metaphorically here to signify a lack of ideas.

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Summary