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B2 verb #900 よく出る 11分で読める

establecer

上位900

練習する例文メモとヒント establecer 30秒で

解説 establecer in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might not use 'establecer' very often, as it is a formal word. However, you might see it in simple contexts like 'establecer un horario' (to set a schedule) or 'establecer una hora' (to set a time). It is important to know that it means 'to set' or 'to start' something official. Think of it as a more serious version of 'poner' (to put). You will mostly see it in signs or simple instructions in a classroom or office. For example, 'Establecer contacto' means to make contact. At this stage, focus on the basic meaning of starting or setting something up. Don't worry too much about the complex conjugations yet, but try to recognize the word when you see it in a formal document or a news headline. It is a 'bridge' word that helps you move from very basic Spanish to more professional sounding language. Even at A1, knowing 'establecer' helps you understand that Spanish has different levels of formality. If you want to sound more polite when asking to set a meeting, you might use this word, though 'quedar' is more common for friends.

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At the A2 level, you start to encounter 'establecer' in more varied contexts, especially in reading materials about history or business. You should begin to learn its present tense conjugation, particularly the irregular 'yo' form: 'yo establezco'. This is a common pattern for verbs ending in -ecer. You might use 'establecer' to talk about starting a small business ('establecer un negocio') or setting rules for a game ('establecer las reglas'). You will also see the reflexive form 'establecerse' when reading about people moving to new places. For example, 'Mi familia se estableció en esta ciudad hace diez años.' This is a great way to talk about your history or the history of your community. At A2, you should be able to distinguish between 'hacer' (to make) and 'establecer' (to establish/set up formally). Using 'establecer' shows that you are beginning to master more 'adult' or professional vocabulary. It is also useful for talking about goals, such as 'establecer metas para el año nuevo'.

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By B1, 'establecer' becomes a very useful tool for expressing yourself more precisely. You should be comfortable using it in the past tenses (pretérito and imperfecto) and the future. At this level, you can use it to describe more abstract concepts, like 'establecer una relación' (to establish a relationship) or 'establecer un vínculo' (to establish a bond). You will often hear it in the news regarding government decisions: 'El gobierno estableció nuevas medidas.' B1 learners should also start using 'establecer' in the subjunctive mood, which is common after verbs of influence or emotion, like 'Es necesario que establezcamos límites.' You will also find it in academic contexts, such as 'establecer una comparación' (to make a comparison). This level requires you to understand that 'establecer' implies a certain level of permanence. If you 'establecer' something, you don't expect it to change tomorrow. It is about creating a stable foundation for something, whether it's a rule, a habit, or a business connection.

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At the B2 level, 'establecer' is a core part of your vocabulary. You are expected to use it fluently in professional and academic discussions. You should know the difference between 'establecer' and its synonyms like 'fundar', 'instaurar', and 'implantar'. For example, you would use 'establecer' for a record ('establecer un récord') or a precedent ('establecer un precedente'). B2 learners should be able to use the reflexive 'establecerse' to describe professional growth: 'Se estableció como un experto en la materia.' You will also encounter it in legal and administrative texts, where it often introduces a clause: 'La ley establece que...'. At this level, you should also be aware of common collocations like 'establecer prioridades' or 'establecer un diálogo'. Your ability to use 'establecer' instead of simpler verbs like 'poner' or 'decir' in formal writing will significantly improve your score in exams like the DELE. It shows a command of register and a sophisticated understanding of Spanish semantics. You should also be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'Habiendo establecido las bases del proyecto, podemos proceder.'

At the C1 level, you use 'establecer' with nuance and precision. You understand its role in creating 'jurisprudencia' (legal precedent) and its use in high-level philosophical or scientific discourse. You can use it to describe the 'establecimiento' (establishment) of complex systems or the 'restablecimiento' (restoration) of order. C1 learners should be able to use 'establecer' in rhetorical contexts, such as 'establecer un paralelismo' between two historical events. You are also expected to handle the verb in all its forms, including the less common literary tenses if necessary. You understand the subtle difference between 'establecer' and 'instituir'—the latter being more solemn and often related to traditions or official bodies. In business, you use it to talk about 'establecer alianzas estratégicas' or 'establecer cuotas de mercado'. Your usage of the word is not just about the action of setting up, but about the authority and legitimacy that the action carries. You can also discuss the etymology of the word, linking it to the concept of 'estabilidad' (stability).

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At the C2 level, 'establecer' is used with the effortless precision of a native speaker. you can use it to articulate complex legal, political, or philosophical arguments. You might use it in a sentence like 'La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo viene a establecer una doctrina innovadora en materia de derechos digitales.' Here, 'establecer' is not just 'to set,' but to define a new standard for an entire society. You are comfortable with all the derived forms and can use 'establecer' in highly idiomatic or technical ways. For example, in linguistics, you might talk about 'establecer la filiación de una lengua'. You also recognize the word's use in historical texts where it might have slightly different connotations of power and colonization. At C2, you can also play with the word's register, using it ironically in casual speech to sound mock-formal, or using it with absolute authority in a keynote speech. You understand that 'establecer' is more than a verb; it is a tool for defining reality and creating structure in the world. Your mastery of this word allows you to navigate the most sophisticated Spanish-speaking environments with confidence.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

establecer 30秒で

Establecer is a formal Spanish verb meaning to establish, set up, or institute something permanent like laws, rules, or organizations.
It features an irregular 'zc' conjugation in the first person present (yo establezco) and throughout the present subjunctive mood.
The reflexive form 'establecerse' is used to describe settling down in a new location or becoming established in a profession.
It is widely used in academic, legal, and business contexts to describe the creation of frameworks, precedents, and official agreements.

The Spanish verb establecer is a multifaceted term that English speakers often translate as 'to establish,' 'to set up,' or 'to institute.' At its core, it implies the creation of something intended to be permanent, stable, or authoritative. Unlike the simpler 'poner' (to put) or 'hacer' (to make), establecer carries a weight of formality and structural intent. It is the verb of choice when discussing the foundation of institutions, the enactment of laws, or the determination of physical and abstract boundaries. In a professional context, you will hear it used to describe the creation of company policies or the forging of strategic partnerships. In a scientific or academic setting, it refers to the process of proving a fact or defining a new theory so clearly that it becomes an accepted standard.

Formal Context: Used for laws, regulations, and institutional foundations. Example: 'El gobierno decidió establecer una nueva ley de educación.'

Es fundamental establecer un diálogo constructivo entre ambas partes para resolver el conflicto de manera pacífica.

Beyond the abstract, establecer also applies to physical settlement. When a person or a group moves to a new location to live permanently, the reflexive form establecerse is used. This nuance is vital for B2 learners to master, as it distinguishes between a temporary stay and a permanent relocation. For instance, 'Se establecieron en Madrid' implies they made Madrid their home.

Reflexive Usage: 'Establecerse' refers to the act of settling down or making a home in a specific place. Example: 'Tras viajar por años, decidió establecerse en un pequeño pueblo costero.'

La empresa busca establecer una sucursal en México para expandir su presencia en el mercado latinoamericano.

Furthermore, in the realm of communication, 'establecer contacto' is the standard way to say 'to get in touch' in a formal or professional manner. It suggests a deliberate effort to open a channel of communication. This verb is also ubiquitous in sports and records; when an athlete sets a new world record, the media reports that they have 'establecido un nuevo récord.'

Record Setting: Used when someone achieves a new peak performance level. Example: 'El corredor logró establecer una nueva marca mundial en los cien metros lisos.'

Debemos establecer límites claros en nuestra relación para evitar malentendidos en el futuro.

Los científicos intentan establecer una conexión entre el cambio climático y la extinción de ciertas especies.

El manual sirve para establecer los procedimientos de seguridad que todos los empleados deben seguir.

To summarize, use establecer when you are talking about something formal, structural, or permanent. It is more than just 'starting'; it is about 'solidifying' a situation, a rule, or a presence.

Using establecer correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation and its typical direct objects. As a verb ending in -ecer, it follows a specific irregular pattern in the present tense: the 'yo' form becomes establezco. This 'zc' change is a hallmark of Spanish verbs derived from Latin inchoatives. For B2 learners, mastering this conjugation is essential for fluid conversation.

Grammar Note: The 'zc' change occurs in the present indicative (yo establezco) and throughout the present subjunctive (establezca, establezcas, etc.).

Yo establezco las reglas en mi salón de clases para asegurar un ambiente de respeto mutuo.

When constructing sentences, establecer usually takes a direct object. Common objects include normas (norms), leyes (laws), vínculos (links/bonds), prioridades (priorities), and objetivos (objectives). For example, 'La empresa estableció nuevos objetivos para el próximo trimestre.' Here, the verb indicates a formal decision-making process.

Direct Objects: Common pairings: establecer una alianza, establecer un precedente, establecer una base de datos.

Es necesario establecer una distinción clara entre los dos conceptos para evitar confusiones teóricas.

The reflexive use, establecerse, is equally important. It often appears with the preposition 'en' to denote location. 'Se establecieron en la capital' (They settled in the capital). It can also be used figuratively to mean 'to establish oneself' in a profession: 'Se estableció como un abogado de renombre.' This implies a process of gaining recognition and stability in a field.

Passive Voice: The 'se' passive is frequently used with 'establecer' in news and formal documents to focus on the action rather than the actor.

El tratado busca establecer las condiciones para una paz duradera en la región en conflicto.

¿Podrías establecer una comparación entre los dos sistemas económicos que estamos estudiando?

La policía logró establecer la identidad del sospechoso gracias a las huellas dactilares encontradas.

In summary, when using establecer, consider whether you are acting upon an object (transitive) or describing a state of settling (reflexive). Pay close attention to the 'zc' in the present tense and the formal tone it provides to your sentences.

You will encounter establecer in a variety of high-level environments. It is a staple of Spanish news broadcasts, where anchors report on government actions. For instance, you might hear: 'El Ministerio de Salud ha decidido establecer nuevas restricciones debido al aumento de casos.' In this context, the word conveys authority and officiality. It is also the language of the courtroom. Judges and lawyers use establecer to discuss the setting of precedents or the proving of facts during a trial.

News & Media: Commonly used to report on new laws, regulations, or diplomatic agreements. Example: 'Se busca establecer un corredor humanitario.'

El presidente anunció que se van a establecer nuevos aranceles a las importaciones de acero.

In academic and scientific writing, establecer is used to describe the validation of data or the creation of a framework. A researcher might write, 'Este estudio busca establecer la correlación entre el sueño y el rendimiento académico.' Here, it replaces 'encontrar' (to find) to sound more rigorous and definitive. In the corporate world, managers use it to define KPIs or set the company's vision.

Academic Writing: Used to describe the formulation of theories or the confirmation of experimental results. Example: 'Establecer un marco teórico.'

Para tener éxito en este proyecto, primero debemos establecer cuáles son nuestras prioridades reales.

You will also hear it in everyday formal situations, such as when a bank 'establece' the terms of a loan, or a school 'establece' its calendar. It is less common in casual, slang-heavy street talk, where people might prefer 'poner' or 'armar'. However, even in casual conversation, if someone is talking about moving to a new city for good, they will likely use 'establecerse'.

Business Context: Used for contracts and agreements. Example: 'El contrato establece que el pago se realizará en tres cuotas.'

La ONU trabaja para establecer normas internacionales que protejan los derechos de los refugiados.

Es muy difícil establecer una comunicación fluida cuando hay tantas barreras lingüísticas.

El historiador intenta establecer la cronología exacta de los eventos que llevaron a la revolución.

In short, establecer is the language of structure, authority, and permanence. Whether you are watching the news, reading a contract, or discussing a scientific paper, this word will be there to signal that something formal is being created or defined.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with establecer is using it where a simpler verb like 'poner' or 'hacer' would be more natural in casual Spanish. While 'establecer una cita' is grammatically correct, most native speakers would simply say 'quedar' or 'hacer una cita' in a daily context. Using establecer in low-stakes situations can make you sound overly stiff or like a textbook.

Over-formality: Avoid using 'establecer' for minor daily tasks. Instead of 'establecer la mesa', use 'poner la mesa'.

Incorrecto: Voy a establecer mi alarma para las seis. Correcto: Voy a poner mi alarma para las seis.

Another common error is confusing establecer with instalar. While both can mean 'to set up,' instalar is usually for physical equipment or software (instalar un programa, instalar una lavadora), whereas establecer is for abstract systems or institutions (establecer un sistema de leyes). If you say 'establecer un software,' a native speaker will understand you, but it sounds slightly off.

Confusion with Instalar: Use 'instalar' for physical objects or technology. Use 'establecer' for rules, relations, and foundations.

No es lo mismo establecer una empresa (founding it) que instalar una oficina (setting up the physical space).

Students also struggle with the reflexive establecerse. They might forget the 'se' when they mean 'to settle down.' Saying 'Él estableció en París' sounds like he established something else (like a business) in Paris, but forgot to say what. To say he moved there permanently, you must say 'Él se estableció en París.'

Reflexive Omission: Forgetting the 'se' changes the meaning from 'settling down' to 'founding something'.

Muchos inmigrantes buscan establecerse legalmente en el país para poder trabajar y vivir tranquilos.

Es un error establecer conclusiones precipitadas sin haber analizado todas las pruebas disponibles.

No intentes establecer un récord si no has entrenado lo suficiente; podrías lastimarte.

Lastly, be careful with the English false friend 'to establish' meaning 'to prove'. While Spanish establecer can mean this in academic contexts, 'demostrar' or 'probar' are much more common in everyday speech for 'proving' something. If you want to say 'I established that he was lying,' 'Demostré que mentía' is usually better than 'Establecí que mentía.' Use establecer for the formal conclusion of an investigation rather than a personal realization.

Spanish offers several synonyms for establecer, each with its own nuance. Understanding these differences will elevate your Spanish from B2 to C1. Fundar is perhaps the closest synonym when talking about institutions. However, fundar is more specific to the very beginning—the 'founding' of a city, a company, or a charity. Establecer can include the founding, but also the subsequent setting of rules and structures.

Establecer vs. Fundar: Fundar is for the birth of an entity. Establecer is for the creation of systems, rules, or the act of settling.

Él fundó la empresa en 1990, pero le tomó años establecer una cultura corporativa sólida.

Instaurar is another high-level alternative. It is often used in political contexts, such as 'instaurar una democracia' or 'instaurar un régimen.' It implies a significant, often systemic change. Implantar, on the other hand, suggests 'implanting' or 'implementing' a new method or technology within an existing system, like 'implantar un nuevo software de gestión.'

Establecer vs. Instaurar: Instaurar is for large-scale political or social systems. Establecer is more versatile and common.

El nuevo director quiere implantar un sistema de trabajo remoto para todos los empleados.

For setting a date, time, or price, fijar is the most natural choice. While 'establecer una fecha' is possible, 'fijar una fecha' sounds more like a concrete decision. Similarly, determinar is used when you need to 'determine' or 'decide' something based on evidence or analysis.

Establecer vs. Fijar: Fijar is for specific points (dates, prices). Establecer is for broader frameworks (rules, relationships).

Debemos fijar el precio de venta antes de lanzar el producto al mercado.

La autopsia servirá para determinar la causa exacta de la muerte.

Después de vivir en varios países, mi familia decidió radicarse en Chile definitivamente.

Choosing the right synonym depends on the context: use fundar for origins, fijar for specifics, instaurar for systems, and establecer for everything in between that requires a formal touch.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The 'zc' conjugation in 'establezco' is a remnant of the Latin inchoative suffix '-scere', which originally indicated the beginning of an action. Over time, Spanish kept the spelling but the meaning became simply the act of establishing.

発音ガイド

UK /es.ta.βle.ˈθeɾ/

US /es.ta.βle.ˈseɾ/

The stress is on the last syllable (aguda), as it ends in 'r'.

韻が合う語

crecer nacer merecer padecer conocer parecer ofrecer obedecer

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'c' as 'k' (it should be 's' or 'th').
Stress on the wrong syllable (e.g., es-TA-ble-cer).
Failing to soften the 'b' between vowels.
Not pronouncing the final 'r' clearly.
Confusing the 'zc' sound in 'establezco' with 'z'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Common in news and books, but the meaning is usually clear from context.

ライティング 4/5

Requires knowledge of the 'zc' irregular conjugation and formal collocations.

スピーキング 4/5

The 'zc' sound and the formal register can be tricky for learners to use naturally.

リスニング 3/5

Clearly pronounced, but often used in fast-paced formal speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

poner hacer crear regla lugar

次に学ぶ

fundar instituir instaurar implantar fijar

上級

jurisprudencia paradigma doctrina consenso trazabilidad

知っておくべき文法

Verbs ending in -ecer change 'c' to 'zc' in the 'yo' form of the present indicative.

Yo establezco (I establish).

The 'zc' change is maintained throughout the present subjunctive mood.

Espero que tú establezcas las reglas.

Reflexive pronouns are used with 'establecer' to indicate settling in a place.

Ellos se establecieron en Chile.

The passive 'se' is common with 'establecer' for impersonal formal statements.

Se estableció que el lunes es festivo.

Establecer is a transitive verb and usually requires a direct object.

El jefe estableció el orden del día.

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レベル別の例文

Debemos establecer una hora para la reunión.

We must set a time for the meeting.

Establecer is used here as a formal way to say 'set'.

Es bueno establecer un horario de estudio.

It is good to establish a study schedule.

Infinitive form after 'Es bueno'.

Ellos quieren establecer contacto con nosotros.

They want to establish contact with us.

Establecer contacto is a common collocation.

El profesor establece las reglas de la clase.

The teacher establishes the class rules.

Present indicative, third person singular.

Necesito establecer una contraseña segura.

I need to set a secure password.

Establecer used for digital settings.

¿Podemos establecer un punto de encuentro?

Can we establish a meeting point?

Interrogative sentence.

La tienda establece sus precios cada mes.

The store sets its prices every month.

Establecer used for commercial pricing.

Vamos a establecer un plan de trabajo.

We are going to establish a work plan.

Future with 'ir a' + infinitive.

Mi abuelo se estableció en este pueblo en 1950.

My grandfather settled in this town in 1950.

Reflexive 'se estableció' means 'settled'.

Yo establezco mis metas al principio del año.

I establish my goals at the beginning of the year.

Irregular 'yo' form: establezco.

La empresa busca establecer una nueva oficina.

The company seeks to establish a new office.

Establecer used for founding a physical branch.

Es importante establecer una rutina diaria.

It is important to establish a daily routine.

Impersonal expression 'Es importante'.

Ellos establecieron una alianza para el proyecto.

They established an alliance for the project.

Preterite tense, third person plural.

El médico estableció un tratamiento para mi tos.

The doctor established a treatment for my cough.

Establecer used for medical protocols.

¿Quién estableció las leyes de este país?

Who established the laws of this country?

Question word 'Quién'.

Debes establecer límites con tus amigos.

You must establish boundaries with your friends.

Modal verb 'debes' + infinitive.

Es necesario que establezcamos un diálogo abierto.

It is necessary that we establish an open dialogue.

Present subjunctive 'establezcamos' after 'Es necesario que'.

El atleta logró establecer un nuevo récord mundial.

The athlete managed to set a new world record.

Establecer un récord is a fixed expression.

La investigación estableció que el virus es contagioso.

The investigation established that the virus is contagious.

Establecer used to mean 'proving' or 'confirming'.

Se han establecido nuevas normas de seguridad.

New security rules have been established.

Passive 'se' construction.

Si estableces prioridades, terminarás más rápido.

If you set priorities, you will finish faster.

Conditional 'si' clause.

La película establece una atmósfera de misterio.

The movie establishes an atmosphere of mystery.

Establecer used for artistic tone.

Queremos establecer una conexión emocional con el público.

We want to establish an emotional connection with the audience.

Establecer una conexión is very common.

El contrato establece las condiciones del alquiler.

The contract establishes the rental conditions.

Establecer used for legal requirements.

El tribunal estableció un precedente legal importante.

The court established an important legal precedent.

Establecer un precedente is a key B2 collocation.

Es difícil establecer una comparación entre ambos autores.

It is difficult to establish a comparison between both authors.

Academic usage for literary analysis.

La empresa se estableció como líder en el sector tecnológico.

The company established itself as a leader in the tech sector.

Reflexive 'se estableció' meaning 'became recognized'.

Debemos establecer un marco de trabajo colaborativo.

We must establish a collaborative framework.

Establecer un marco (framework) is professional jargon.

El informe establece una clara distinción entre los datos.

The report establishes a clear distinction between the data.

Establecer una distinción is a formal way to say 'distinguish'.

Se busca establecer un equilibrio entre vida y trabajo.

The goal is to establish a balance between life and work.

Impersonal 'se' construction.

El autor establece su tesis en el primer capítulo.

The author establishes his thesis in the first chapter.

Establecer una tesis is common in academia.

La nueva política busca establecer la igualdad salarial.

The new policy seeks to establish pay equality.

Establecer used for social goals.

La sentencia judicial viene a establecer una nueva doctrina.

The judicial sentence comes to establish a new doctrine.

Periphrasis 'viene a establecer' adds nuance.

Resulta imperativo establecer vínculos diplomáticos sólidos.

It is imperative to establish solid diplomatic ties.

High-level vocabulary: 'imperativo', 'vínculos'.

El filósofo intenta establecer los límites de la razón.

The philosopher tries to establish the limits of reason.

Abstract philosophical usage.

Se ha logrado establecer la trazabilidad de los productos.

Product traceability has been successfully established.

Technical term: 'trazabilidad'.

El estudio establece una correlación estadística significativa.

The study establishes a significant statistical correlation.

Scientific/Statistical context.

Es arduo establecer un consenso en un grupo tan diverso.

It is arduous to establish a consensus in such a diverse group.

Establecer un consenso is a formal phrase.

La obra establece un diálogo intertextual con la tradición.

The work establishes an intertextual dialogue with tradition.

Literary criticism terminology.

Buscamos establecer un protocolo de actuación ante crisis.

We seek to establish an action protocol for crises.

Establecer un protocolo is administrative Spanish.

La jurisprudencia establecida por el Tribunal es vinculante.

The jurisprudence established by the Court is binding.

Past participle 'establecida' used as an adjective.

El ensayo establece un paralelismo entre ambas revoluciones.

The essay establishes a parallelism between both revolutions.

Sophisticated analytical usage.

Se pretende establecer un nuevo paradigma socioeconómico.

The aim is to establish a new socioeconomic paradigm.

High-level abstract noun: 'paradigma'.

El decreto establece pautas estrictas para la exportación.

The decree establishes strict guidelines for export.

Legal term: 'decreto', 'pautas'.

Es inviable establecer una cronología fidedigna de los hechos.

It is unfeasible to establish a reliable chronology of the facts.

Vocabulary: 'inviable', 'fidedigna'.

La marca ha logrado establecerse en el imaginario colectivo.

The brand has managed to establish itself in the collective imagination.

Reflexive usage in cultural analysis.

El tratado internacional establece mecanismos de arbitraje.

The international treaty establishes arbitration mechanisms.

Complex institutional terminology.

La investigación no pudo establecer el nexo causal.

The investigation could not establish the causal link.

Legal/Scientific term: 'nexo causal'.

類義語

fundar instaurar fijar determinar crear

反対語

abolir destruir

よく使う組み合わせ

establecer un récord

establecer contacto

establecer prioridades

establecer límites

establecer un precedente

establecer una relación

establecer las bases

establecer un diálogo

establecer una ley

establecer un objetivo

よく使うフレーズ

establecer por ley

— To make something mandatory through legal means. It implies that a rule is not just a suggestion but a requirement.

El uso de cinturón de seguridad está establecido por ley.

establecer un vínculo

— To create a deep connection or bond between people or concepts. Often used in psychology or marketing.

La madre busca establecer un vínculo con su bebé.

establecerse por su cuenta

— To start one's own business or become a freelancer. It implies independence and stability.

Después de años en la oficina, decidió establecerse por su cuenta.

establecer una comparación

— To analyze the similarities and differences between two things. Common in academic writing.

No se puede establecer una comparación entre el arte clásico y el moderno.

establecer el orden

— To restore or create a state of organization and peace. Often used by authorities.

La policía intervino para establecer el orden en la calle.

establecer una marca

— To set a specific standard or to build a brand identity. Used in sports and business.

La empresa ha logrado establecer una marca reconocida.

establecer un protocolo

— To define a set of steps to be followed in a specific situation. Common in medicine and administration.

El hospital estableció un protocolo para emergencias.

establecer una diferencia

— To show how one thing is distinct from another. Similar to 'marcar la diferencia'.

Su talento logra establecer una diferencia notable.

establecer un sistema

— To organize a set of parts into a functioning whole. Used in technology and management.

Vamos a establecer un sistema de reciclaje en la oficina.

establecer una norma

— To create a standard that everyone is expected to follow. Used in social and technical contexts.

La RAE establece las normas del idioma español.

よく混同される語

establecer vs instalar

Instalar is for physical things (software, appliances). Establecer is for abstract things (laws, relationships).

establecer vs fijar

Fijar is for specific data points (dates, prices). Establecer is for broader structures.

establecer vs fundar

Fundar is only for the very beginning (founding). Establecer includes the creation of rules and ongoing structure.

慣用句と表現

"establecer cátedra"

— To speak or act with such authority and knowledge that others should learn from it. Literally 'to establish a chair (professorship)'.

Con su discurso sobre economía, el profesor estableció cátedra.

formal/literary

"establecer las reglas del juego"

— To define the conditions under which a situation or competition will take place. Used figuratively in business and politics.

Antes de empezar la negociación, debemos establecer las reglas del juego.

neutral

"establecer un puente"

— To create a connection or a way of communication between two opposing sides. Figurative usage.

El mediador intentó establecer un puente entre los sindicatos y la empresa.

neutral

"establecer un muro"

— To create a barrier (emotional or physical) that prevents communication or progress.

Su actitud fría estableció un muro entre nosotros.

informal/figurative

"establecer raíces"

— To settle down in a place and feel like part of the community. Similar to 'echar raíces'.

Después de viajar tanto, por fin quiero establecer raíces en esta ciudad.

neutral

"establecer un hito"

— To achieve something so significant that it marks a turning point or a milestone.

Este descubrimiento establece un hito en la historia de la medicina.

formal

"establecer el tono"

— To set the mood or the style for an event or a conversation. Borrowed from English but common in modern Spanish.

Su primera broma estableció el tono para el resto de la fiesta.

neutral

"establecer un precedente peligroso"

— To do something that might justify similar, perhaps negative, actions in the future.

Permitir esto podría establecer un precedente peligroso para la democracia.

formal

"establecer una tregua"

— To agree to stop fighting or arguing for a certain period of time.

Los hermanos decidieron establecer una tregua durante la cena de Navidad.

neutral

"establecer las bases de una nueva era"

— To start a process that will lead to a significant historical or social change.

La invención de internet estableció las bases de una nueva era.

formal/literary

間違えやすい

establecer vs Establecimiento

It can mean both the act of establishing and a physical shop.

In 'el establecimiento de la ley', it's the act. In 'entré al establecimiento', it's the building.

El establecimiento de nuevas reglas mejoró el establecimiento (la tienda).

establecer vs Estable

It's the adjective form but has a slightly different focus.

Establecer is the action; estable is the resulting state of being steady.

Para que la economía sea estable, debemos establecer buenas políticas.

establecer vs Restablecer

Looks very similar.

Restablecer means to put back something that was already there (to restore).

Debemos restablecer el servicio eléctrico.

establecer vs Estatuto

Related root.

Estatuto is the noun for a specific type of established rule or law.

El estatuto establece los derechos de los trabajadores.

establecer vs Instaurar

Synonym with different nuance.

Instaurar is specifically for large-scale systems or regimes.

Instauraron una monarquía tras la guerra.

文型パターン

Quiero establecer [sustantivo].

Quiero establecer un horario.

Se estableció en [lugar].

Se estableció en Madrid.

Es necesario establecer [sustantivo].

Es necesario establecer límites.

La ley establece que [cláusula].

La ley establece que debemos pagar impuestos.

Habiendo establecido [sustantivo], podemos...

Habiendo establecido las bases, podemos empezar.

Viene a establecer un [sustantivo abstracto].

Viene a establecer un nuevo paradigma.

Logró establecerse como [profesión].

Logró establecerse como consultor.

Se han establecido [sustantivo plural].

Se han establecido nuevas normas.

語族

名詞

establecimiento (establishment/shop)

restablecimiento (restoration/recovery)

preestablecimiento (pre-establishment)

動詞

establecer (to establish)

restablecer (to restore/re-establish)

preestablecer (to pre-set)

形容詞

establecido (established/set)

estable (stable)

restablecido (recovered/restored)

preestablecido (pre-set/default)

使い方

frequency

Very high in formal, written, and professional Spanish; moderate in daily spoken Spanish.

よくある間違い

Yo establezo las reglas. → Yo establezco las reglas.
The first person singular of 'establecer' is irregular and requires a 'zc'.
Él estableció en México el año pasado. → Él se estableció en México el año pasado.
To mean 'to settle down', the verb must be reflexive.
Voy a establecer mi computadora nueva. → Voy a instalar mi computadora nueva.
Use 'instalar' for physical equipment and technology.
La ley establece para pagar impuestos. → La ley establece que hay que pagar impuestos.
After 'establece', you usually need 'que' followed by a clause, not 'para' + infinitive.
Establecer la mesa para la cena. → Poner la mesa para la cena.
'Establecer' is too formal and incorrect for the daily task of setting the table.

ヒント

The ZC Rule

Always remember that verbs ending in -ecer like establecer, conocer, and ofrecer have a 'zc' in the 'yo' form. This is a very common pattern in Spanish.

Formal Writing

If you are writing an essay for a Spanish exam, use 'establecer' instead of 'decir' or 'hacer' when referring to rules or theories. It will boost your score.

Reflexive settled

Use 'establecerse' when you want to say someone moved to a city for good. 'Se mudó' just means they moved; 'se estableció' means they made it their home.

Business Spanish

In a business meeting, use 'establecer el orden del día' to sound like a professional leader. It means 'to set the agenda'.

Law and Order

In legal documents, 'establecer' is the standard verb for what a law or a judge does. Look for it in any official contract you read.

Common Pairs

Memorize 'establecer límites' and 'establecer prioridades'. These are two of the most useful phrases for daily professional and personal life.

Stress the End

Since it ends in 'r', the stress is on the last syllable. Practice saying 'es-ta-ble-CER' with a strong final 'r'.

Fijar vs Establecer

Use 'fijar' for numbers and dates (fijar un precio) and 'establecer' for concepts and rules (establecer una política).

Proving Facts

In a scientific paper, 'establecer' means that a fact has been proven and is now part of the accepted knowledge.

Not for Furniture

Don't use 'establecer' for physical objects like furniture. You 'instalas' a TV or 'pones' a chair, you don't 'establecer' them.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'stable' (where horses live). To 'establecer' is to make something 'stable' and firm, like building a strong stable that won't fall down.

視覚的連想

Imagine a judge hitting a gavel to 'establish' a law, or a pioneer driving a stake into the ground to 'establish' a home.

Word Web

Ley Récord Negocio Contacto Límites Prioridades Vínculo Precedente

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences using 'establecer': one about a law, one about a personal goal, and one using the reflexive 'establecerse' about moving to a new city.

語源

Derived from the Latin verb 'stabilire', which means 'to make stable' or 'to make firm'. This in turn comes from the adjective 'stabilis' (stable), which is rooted in the verb 'stare' (to stand).

元の意味： To make something stand firmly or to fix something in place so it doesn't move.

Romance (Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Spanish).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that in historical contexts, 'establecer colonias' can be a sensitive topic related to colonialism.

In English, 'establish' can sound very formal. In Spanish, 'establecer' is also formal, but it is the standard word for many common actions like setting a record or getting in touch in business.

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 'establece' the democratic framework of modern Spain. Gabriel García Márquez often uses 'establecer' to describe the founding of fictional towns like Macondo. Legal codes in Latin America always begin with 'Se establece que...' to define fundamental rights.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Legal/Government

Establecer una ley
Establecer un decreto
Establecer sanciones
Establecer derechos

Business

Establecer una empresa
Establecer objetivos
Establecer una alianza
Establecer el presupuesto

Academic/Scientific

Establecer una teoría
Establecer una comparación
Establecer hechos
Establecer una conclusión

Social/Personal

Establecer límites
Establecer una relación
Establecerse en una ciudad
Establecer una rutina

Sports

Establecer un récord
Establecer una marca
Establecer las reglas
Establecer un sistema de juego

会話のきっかけ

"¿Crees que es necesario establecer leyes más estrictas para proteger el medio ambiente?"

"¿A qué edad te gustaría establecerte definitivamente en un solo lugar?"

"¿Qué prioridades has establecido para tu aprendizaje del español este año?"

"¿Es difícil establecer una buena relación de trabajo cuando se trabaja de forma remota?"

"¿Cuál es el récord más impresionante que alguien ha logrado establecer en tu país?"

日記のテーマ

Describe un momento en el que tuviste que establecer límites claros con alguien en tu vida.

Si pudieras establecer una nueva ley en tu ciudad, ¿cuál sería y por qué?

Reflexiona sobre los pasos que has tomado para establecerte en tu carrera profesional actual.

Escribe sobre una rutina diaria que hayas establecido recientemente y cómo ha afectado tu productividad.

Compara dos culturas que conozcas e intenta establecer las diferencias más significativas entre ellas.

よくある質問

10 問

No, para eso se usa 'poner la mesa'. 'Establecer la mesa' sonaría como si estuvieras fundando una mesa oficial o creando leyes sobre ella.

'Fundar' se usa para el inicio de una organización o ciudad. 'Establecer' es más amplio y se usa también para leyes, récords y relaciones.

Es irregular solo en la primera persona: yo establezco. El resto es regular: tú estableces, él establece, etc.

Significa mudarse a un lugar para vivir de forma permanente o ganar una posición estable en una profesión.

Sí, es el término estándar. 'Establecer un nuevo récord' es muy común en las noticias deportivas.

Es muy común en contextos formales, profesionales y escritos, pero menos común en conversaciones informales entre amigos.

Es correcto pero muy formal. Normalmente decimos 'hacer una cita' o 'quedar con alguien'.

El sustantivo principal es 'establecimiento'.

Se dice exactamente igual: 'establecer contacto'.

No. 'Poner' es físico y simple. 'Establecer' es abstracto, formal y sugiere permanencia.

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