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A2 adjective #1,000 よく出る 10分で読める

sucio/a

上位1,000

At the A1 level, 'sucio' is one of the first adjectives you learn to describe physical objects. You use it in very simple sentences to express that something needs cleaning. For example, 'La mesa está sucia' (The table is dirty) or 'Mi camisa está sucia' (My shirt is dirty). At this stage, you focus on the most common physical meanings: clothes, hands, and household items. You also learn that it has a feminine form, 'sucia', and plural forms, 'sucios' and 'sucias'. The main goal is to use it with the verb 'estar' to describe the current state of things around you. You might also learn its opposite, 'limpio' (clean), to create basic contrasts. It's a high-frequency word because it relates to daily survival and basic hygiene, which are core topics in beginner Spanish courses. You don't need to worry about figurative meanings yet; just focus on identifying when something isn't clean and communicating that to others.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'sucio' in more varied contexts and with slightly more complex grammar. You start to notice that 'sucio' can describe places like 'una calle sucia' (a dirty street) or 'un parque sucio' (a dirty park). You also learn to use it in the past tense: 'Ayer mi ropa estaba sucia' (Yesterday my clothes were dirty). You might begin to see the word used in common phrases like 'ropa sucia' (dirty laundry). At this level, you should be comfortable making the adjective agree with the noun every time. You also start to understand the difference between 'estar sucio' (to be dirty now) and 'ser sucio' (to be a dirty person/thing by nature), although the latter is less common in your daily speech. You are building the foundation to describe your environment in more detail, moving beyond just objects to describing entire scenes or experiences, like a 'dirty' hotel room or a 'dirty' restaurant.

By the B1 level, you are ready to explore the figurative and idiomatic uses of 'sucio'. You will encounter phrases like 'juego sucio' (foul play/dirty game) in the context of sports or competitions. You also learn the very common idiom 'sacar los trapos sucios', which means to reveal someone's secrets or past mistakes. Your vocabulary expands to include related words like 'suciedad' (dirtiness/grime) and the verb 'ensuciar' (to get something dirty). You can now describe more abstract concepts, such as a 'dirty' conscience ('conciencia sucia') or 'dirty' money ('dinero sucio'). At this stage, you should be able to use 'sucio' in complex sentences with connectors and different moods, like the subjunctive: 'No quiero que ensucies el suelo porque está sucio' (I don't want you to get the floor dirty because it is dirty). You are moving from simple description to expressing opinions and describing social or moral situations using this versatile adjective.

At the B2 level, you use 'sucio' with a high degree of nuance and can distinguish it from its many synonyms like 'mugriento', 'asqueroso', or 'manchado'. You understand the cultural implications of the word in different Spanish-speaking regions—for instance, knowing that 'cochino' might be used more in Mexico while 'guarro' is common in Spain. You can use 'sucio' to describe complex social phenomena, such as 'guerra sucia' (dirty war), referring to periods of state-sponsored violence or political repression. Your ability to use the word in the 'ser' vs. 'estar' distinction is now instinctive. You can also use it in more sophisticated literary or journalistic contexts, such as describing a 'dirty' atmosphere in a film noir or a 'dirty' political campaign. You are comfortable with the word's role in various registers, from very informal slang to formal reports on environmental 'suciedad'.

At the C1 level, your use of 'sucio' is sophisticated and precise. You can use it to convey subtle emotional or atmospheric details. You might use it to describe a 'dirty' look ('una mirada sucia') that implies not just anger, but a specific kind of malice or suspicion. You are well-versed in the etymology and historical context of the word, understanding how it has evolved in the Spanish language. You can analyze its use in literature, where 'sucio' might be used as a motif for moral decay or social neglect. You are also capable of using the word in professional contexts, such as discussing 'dirty' data in a technical field or 'dirty' tactics in a legal argument. Your command of idioms involving 'sucio' is extensive, and you can use them naturally in conversation to add color and depth to your speech. You no longer just see the word as a descriptor of dirt, but as a tool for complex social and psychological commentary.

At the C2 level, you have a near-native mastery of 'sucio' and all its connotations. You can use it with effortless precision in any context, from the most academic to the most colloquial. You might explore the word's use in obscure regional dialects or historical texts. You can play with the word's meaning in creative writing, using it in metaphors that are both striking and culturally resonant. You understand the deepest levels of its moral and ethical implications in Spanish-speaking societies. You can lead discussions on topics like 'la política sucia' or 'la estética de lo sucio' in art and cinema. Your ability to switch between 'sucio' and its most rare synonyms (like 'pérfido' in certain moral contexts or 'lúteo' in poetic ones) is seamless. You are not just a learner of the language but a master of its nuances, using 'sucio' as a versatile instrument to express the full range of human experience, from the mundane to the profound.

練習する例文メモとヒント

sucio/a 30秒で

Sucio is the primary Spanish word for 'dirty', used for physical grime on objects or people.
It changes to sucia, sucios, or sucias to match the noun it describes in gender and number.
Commonly used with the verb 'estar' for temporary states and 'ser' for permanent traits.
Figuratively, it describes unfair play, corruption, dirty jokes, or a guilty conscience.

The Spanish adjective sucio (masculine) or sucia (feminine) is a fundamental word used to describe anything that is not clean. At its most basic level, it refers to physical contamination—think of a child playing in the mud, a kitchen floor after a long day of cooking, or a car that hasn't been washed in months. However, like its English counterpart 'dirty,' it extends far beyond the physical realm into moral, ethical, and social contexts. Understanding the nuances of this word is essential for any Spanish learner because it appears in everything from daily household chores to high-stakes political discussions.

Physical State: Refers to objects, surfaces, or people covered in dirt, dust, grime, or stains. It is the direct opposite of 'limpio' (clean).

No puedes entrar a la casa con los zapatos sucios.

Beyond the physical, sucio is used to describe behavior that is dishonest or unfair. In sports, a 'jugador sucio' is someone who breaks the rules or plays with unnecessary aggression to gain an advantage. In business or politics, it describes corruption or underhanded tactics. This figurative use is incredibly common in Spanish-speaking media. Furthermore, the word applies to language and humor; a 'chiste sucio' is a dirty joke, often involving sexual themes or profanity. It is important to note that the word changes its ending to match the gender and number of the noun it describes: sucio, sucia, sucios, sucias.

Moral Corruption: Used to describe illegal or unethical actions, such as 'dinero sucio' (dirty money) obtained through criminal activities.

Ese político tiene las manos sucias por la corrupción.

In everyday life, you will hear this word in the kitchen ('platos sucios'), in the laundry room ('ropa sucia'), and when talking about hygiene. It is a word that carries a negative connotation, often implying a need for action—cleaning, washing, or correcting a behavior. In some Latin American countries, it can also be used more colorfully in slang to describe someone who is acting 'shady' or untrustworthy in a social situation. Understanding the context is key to knowing whether the speaker is complaining about a smudge on a window or a deep-seated ethical failure.

Social Context: Can describe a reputation or a 'dirty' look (una mirada sucia) that implies suspicion or malice.

La cocina está muy sucia después de la fiesta.

Ganaron el partido haciendo juego sucio.

Using sucio correctly requires attention to two main grammatical rules: gender/number agreement and the choice between the verbs ser and estar. Because it is an adjective, it must match the noun it modifies. If you are talking about a car (el coche), it is sucio. If you are talking about a table (la mesa), it is sucia. For plural nouns like windows (las ventanas), it becomes sucias, and for shoes (los zapatos), it is sucios. This is a basic rule, but one that beginners often forget when speaking quickly.

Agreement Rule: Always change the ending: -o (masc. sing.), -a (fem. sing.), -os (masc. plur.), -as (fem. plur.).

Tus manos están sucias; lávatelas antes de comer.

The choice between ser and estar is crucial. Most often, you will use estar because being dirty is usually a temporary state. If a room is dirty right now, you say 'La habitación está sucia'. However, if you use ser, you are describing an inherent characteristic. Saying 'Este perro es sucio' implies that the dog is naturally a dirty animal or always dirty by nature, rather than just having stepped in mud. In figurative contexts, ser is common: 'Él es un hombre sucio' suggests he is a morally corrupt person as a defining trait.

Ser vs. Estar: Use 'estar' for temporary dirtiness and 'ser' for permanent traits or moral character.

El agua del río se ve muy sucia hoy.

You can also use sucio with verbs of perception like parecer (to seem) or verse (to look). For example, 'Ese vaso parece sucio' (That glass looks dirty). When used with reflexive verbs like ensuciarse (to get oneself dirty), the adjective form is often the result: 'Me ensucié la camisa y ahora está sucia'. In comparative sentences, you might say 'Mi cuarto está más sucio que el tuyo' (My room is dirtier than yours). Mastering these structures allows you to describe the world with precision and express your needs for cleanliness effectively.

Comparatives: Use 'más sucio que' (dirtier than) or 'el más sucio' (the dirtiest) to compare levels of grime.

Este es el rincón más sucio de toda la ciudad.

No dejes los platos sucios en el fregadero.

The word sucio is omnipresent in Spanish-speaking cultures, appearing in domestic, professional, and media settings. In a typical household, you will hear it most frequently in the context of chores. Parents often tell their children, '¡Tienes la cara sucia!' (Your face is dirty!) or 'Pon esa ropa sucia en el cesto' (Put those dirty clothes in the basket). It is a staple of daily communication regarding hygiene and order. If you visit a restaurant and notice a spot on your cutlery, you would say to the waiter, 'Perdone, este tenedor está sucio'.

Domestic Life: Heard constantly regarding laundry, dishes, and general house cleaning.

Mamá, ¿dónde está el cesto de la ropa sucia?

In the world of sports, particularly football (soccer), commentators frequently use the term 'juego sucio' to describe fouls, diving, or unsportsmanlike conduct. If a player intentionally trips another, the fans might scream that it was a 'jugada sucia'. Similarly, in news broadcasts, you will hear about 'negocios sucios' (dirty business) or 'dinero sucio' when reporting on money laundering or drug trafficking. The word serves as a powerful descriptor for anything that lacks transparency or integrity.

Sports and News: Commonly used to describe cheating in sports or corruption in politics and finance.

El árbitro no vio el juego sucio del defensa.

You will also encounter sucio in literature and film to set a mood. A 'barrio sucio' (dirty neighborhood) isn't just about trash on the streets; it often implies a dangerous or neglected area. In social interactions, 'sacar los trapos sucios' (to air the dirty laundry) is a common idiom used when people start revealing embarrassing secrets or past mistakes during an argument. Whether you are reading a crime novel or watching a soap opera (telenovela), sucio is a key word for building tension and describing conflict.

Idiomatic Usage: 'Trapos sucios' is one of the most frequent idioms you will hear in personal or political dramas.

No es el momento de sacar nuestros trapos sucios.

Esa película tiene un estilo visual muy sucio y realista.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using sucio is failing to adjust for gender and number. In English, 'dirty' never changes, but in Spanish, you must be vigilant. Saying 'Las manos están sucio' is a classic error; it must be 'Las manos están sucias'. This mistake is particularly common when the noun doesn't end in a clear 'o' or 'a', or when the adjective is separated from the noun by several other words in a sentence.

Gender/Number Mismatch: Mistake: 'Los platos está sucia'. Correct: 'Los platos están sucios'.

Incorrecto: Las calles son sucio. Correcto: Las calles están sucias.

Another major pitfall is the ser vs. estar distinction mentioned earlier. If you say 'Mi perro es sucio', you are calling your dog a naturally filthy creature. If you mean he just got back from a muddy walk, you must use 'Mi perro está sucio'. Using ser for a temporary state sounds unnatural and can even be offensive if applied to a person. For example, 'Eres sucio' (You are a dirty person/pervert) is much stronger and more permanent than 'Estás sucio' (You have some dirt on you).

Verb Confusion: Mistake: Using 'ser' for temporary dirt. Result: Implies a permanent character flaw.

No digas 'soy sucio' si solo quieres decir que necesitas una ducha.

Learners also struggle with the placement of the adjective. While Spanish usually puts adjectives after the noun, placing sucio before the noun can change the tone to be more metaphorical or literary. However, for 95% of daily situations, keep it after the noun. Also, be careful with the word mugre (grime/dirt). While sucio is the adjective, mugre is the noun. You cannot say 'La mesa es mugre'; you must say 'La mesa tiene mugre' or 'La mesa está sucia'.

Noun vs. Adjective: Mistake: Using the noun 'suciedad' where the adjective 'sucio' is needed.

El suelo tiene mucha suciedad, por eso está sucio.

¡Qué sucio eres! (Meaning: You have very bad hygiene habits).

While sucio is the most common way to say 'dirty,' Spanish offers a rich palette of synonyms that can add precision to your descriptions. Depending on the level of filth or the specific type of dirt, you might choose a different word. For instance, mugriento implies something covered in 'mugre' (thick grime or grease), often suggesting it hasn't been cleaned in a very long time. It is much stronger than sucio. On the other hand, manchado specifically means 'stained'—it could be a clean shirt with one drop of wine on it.

Synonym Comparison: Sucio: General dirt.
Mugriento: Filthy/grimy.
Manchado: Stained.
Inmundo: Extremely filthy/vile.

Ese taller mecánico está mugriento por el aceite.

If you want to describe something that is disgustingly dirty, you can use asqueroso (disgusting) or asquerosamente sucio. For moral filth, words like corrupto (corrupt) or impuro (impure) are often more appropriate in formal settings. In many Latin American countries, you will hear cochino or puerco (literally 'pig'). These are very common in colloquial speech to describe both physical dirtiness and 'dirty' behavior or thoughts. '¡No seas cochino!' is a common way to tell someone to stop being gross or inappropriate.

Colloquial Alternatives: 'Cochino' and 'Puerco' are frequently used for children or in informal settings to mean 'dirty'.

El baño público estaba inmundo.

When talking about environmental pollution, contaminado is the technical term. You wouldn't say the air is 'sucio' in a scientific report; you would say it is 'aire contaminado'. However, in a casual conversation, 'el aire está sucio' is perfectly acceptable. For water, turbio (cloudy/murky) is often used if the water isn't necessarily 'dirty' with bacteria but just isn't clear. Understanding these distinctions helps you move from basic A2 Spanish to a more fluent, expressive B2 or C1 level where you can choose the exact word for the situation.

Technical vs. Casual: Use 'contaminado' for pollution and 'turbio' for murky liquids.

No bebas esa agua, se ve turbia.

La ciudad está contaminada por el tráfico.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"El informe detalla el manejo sucio de los fondos públicos."

ニュートラル

"La habitación está sucia y necesita limpieza."

カジュアル

"¡Qué sucio está este sitio, vámonos!"

Child friendly

"Mira tus manos, están sucias de chocolate."

スラング

"Ese tipo es un sucio, no confíes en él."

豆知識

It is fascinating that a word now meaning 'dirty' started as a word for 'juicy'. The transition happened because greasy wool attracts dirt.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈsu.θjo/

US /ˈsu.sjo/

The stress is on the first syllable: SU-cio.

韻が合う語

anuncio denuncio renuncio pronuncio nuncio prepucio rancio (near rhyme) despacio (near rhyme)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'u' like the 'u' in 'cup'. It should always be 'oo'.
Over-emphasizing the 'i' so it sounds like two syllables (su-ci-o). It's a diphthong (sjo).
Using the English 'sh' sound for the 's'.
In Spain, forgetting the 'th' sound for 'ci'.
In Latin America, using the 'th' sound for 'ci' when it should be 's'.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text due to high frequency.

ライティング 2/5

Requires attention to gender and number agreement.

スピーキング 2/5

Must remember the 'ser' vs 'estar' distinction.

リスニング 1/5

Clear pronunciation and usually easy to catch.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

limpio ropa mano casa estar

次に学ぶ

ensuciar suciedad mancha mugre asqueroso

上級

pérfido lúteo inmundo corrupto impuro

知っておくべき文法

Adjective-Noun Agreement

Las casas sucias (Feminine Plural).

Ser vs Estar with Adjectives

La mesa está sucia (temporary) vs Él es sucio (trait).

Adjective Placement

Ropa sucia (Standard) vs Sucia traición (Poetic).

Comparatives

Más sucio que el anterior.

Reflexive Verbs and Adjectives

Se ensució y ahora está sucio.

レベル別の例文

El vaso está sucio.

The glass is dirty.

Masculine singular agreement with 'el vaso'.

Mis manos están sucias.

My hands are dirty.

Feminine plural agreement with 'las manos'.

La mesa no está sucia.

The table is not dirty.

Negative sentence with 'no'.

Tengo los zapatos sucios.

I have dirty shoes.

Adjective follows the noun 'zapatos'.

¿Está sucia la camisa?

Is the shirt dirty?

Question form with 'estar'.

El perro está sucio.

The dog is dirty.

Using 'estar' for a temporary state.

Tu cara está un poco sucia.

Your face is a little dirty.

Using 'un poco' to modify the adjective.

Necesito agua, el plato está sucio.

I need water, the plate is dirty.

Simple cause and effect sentence.

La cocina siempre está sucia después de cocinar.

The kitchen is always dirty after cooking.

Use of 'siempre' and 'después de'.

No me gusta vivir en una ciudad sucia.

I don't like living in a dirty city.

Adjective modifying 'ciudad' in a prepositional phrase.

Tus calcetines están muy sucios, ponlos a lavar.

Your socks are very dirty, put them to wash.

Direct object pronoun 'los' referring to 'calcetines'.

El coche estaba sucio por la lluvia de ayer.

The car was dirty because of yesterday's rain.

Past tense 'estaba' with 'por' to show cause.

Hay muchos platos sucios en el fregadero.

There are many dirty dishes in the sink.

Plural agreement with 'muchos platos'.

No quiero tocar eso, se ve muy sucio.

I don't want to touch that, it looks very dirty.

Verbo de percepción 'verse'.

La ventana está tan sucia que no puedo ver nada.

The window is so dirty that I can't see anything.

Structure 'tan... que' for result.

Ella tiene la falda sucia de barro.

She has her skirt dirty with mud.

Using 'de' to specify the type of dirt.

El equipo ganó gracias a un juego sucio.

The team won thanks to dirty play.

Figurative use in sports.

No quiero que saques nuestros trapos sucios aquí.

I don't want you to air our dirty laundry here.

Idiomatic expression 'trapos sucios'.

Ese político está involucrado en negocios sucios.

That politician is involved in dirty business.

Figurative use for corruption.

Siento que tengo la conciencia sucia por lo que hice.

I feel like I have a dirty conscience for what I did.

Abstract use with 'conciencia'.

El aire de la capital está muy sucio hoy.

The capital's air is very dirty today.

Describing environmental pollution.

Es un truco sucio para ganar las elecciones.

It's a dirty trick to win the elections.

Adjective modifying 'truco'.

Me da asco entrar en ese baño tan sucio.

It grosses me out to enter that dirty bathroom.

Expressing emotion with 'me da asco'.

Lava la ropa sucia antes de que se acumule más.

Wash the dirty clothes before more accumulates.

Subjunctive 'se acumule' after 'antes de que'.

La guerra sucia dejó cicatrices profundas en el país.

The dirty war left deep scars in the country.

Historical/political term 'guerra sucia'.

No me vengas con esos cuentos sucios.

Don't come to me with those dirty stories/lies.

Colloquial use for lies or inappropriate stories.

El río está tan contaminado que el agua sale sucia de los grifos.

The river is so polluted that dirty water comes out of the taps.

Connecting pollution with the adjective 'sucio'.

Fue una jugada sucia por parte de la competencia.

It was a dirty move on the part of the competition.

Business context for unfair tactics.

Aquel hombre tiene un pasado bastante sucio.

That man has a rather dirty past.

Describing a person's history/reputation.

No soporto los chistes sucios en las reuniones familiares.

I can't stand dirty jokes at family gatherings.

Refers to inappropriate or sexual humor.

El cristal del coche está tan sucio que es peligroso conducir.

The car's windshield is so dirty that it's dangerous to drive.

Using 'tan... que' for consequence.

Siempre dejas el baño sucio, ¡es una falta de respeto!

You always leave the bathroom dirty, it's a lack of respect!

Direct accusation using 'dejar'.

La estética de la película es deliberadamente sucia y decadente.

The film's aesthetic is deliberately dirty and decadent.

Artistic/cinematic description.

El fiscal denunció el manejo sucio de las pruebas.

The prosecutor denounced the dirty handling of the evidence.

Legal context for misconduct.

Sus palabras dejaron un rastro sucio en la conversación.

His words left a dirty trail in the conversation.

Metaphorical use for unpleasant impact.

Es difícil mantener las manos limpias en un negocio tan sucio.

It's hard to keep one's hands clean in such a dirty business.

Contrast between 'limpio' and 'sucio' in a moral sense.

La ciudad se despertó bajo un manto sucio de calima.

The city woke up under a dirty blanket of haze.

Literary description of weather.

No permitas que su sucio lenguaje empañe tu reputación.

Don't let his dirty language tarnish your reputation.

Adjective preceding the noun for emphasis.

El informe revela los trapos sucios de la corporación.

The report reveals the corporation's dirty laundry.

Journalistic use of an idiom.

Se percibía un ambiente sucio, cargado de sospechas.

A dirty atmosphere was perceived, laden with suspicion.

Describing an abstract atmosphere.

La narrativa se sumerge en los rincones más sucios del alma humana.

The narrative dives into the dirtiest corners of the human soul.

Philosophical/literary metaphor.

El autor utiliza un realismo sucio para retratar la marginalidad.

The author uses 'dirty realism' to portray marginality.

Literary movement 'realismo sucio'.

Hubo una confabulación sucia para derrocar al director.

There was a dirty conspiracy to overthrow the director.

Describing a complex political/corporate plot.

Su mirada sucia delataba sus verdaderas intenciones.

His dirty look betrayed his true intentions.

Subtle psychological description.

La pátina sucia del tiempo cubría los antiguos pergaminos.

The dirty patina of time covered the ancient parchments.

Poetic description of age and dust.

No es más que un sucio oportunista sin escrúpulos.

He is nothing more than a dirty opportunist without scruples.

Strong personal condemnation.

El escándalo sacó a relucir lo más sucio de la alta sociedad.

The scandal brought to light the dirtiest parts of high society.

Describing social corruption.

Aquel pacto sucio selló el destino de la región.

That dirty pact sealed the region's fate.

Describing a historical or political agreement.

よく使う組み合わせ

ropa sucia

platos sucios

juego sucio

dinero sucio

manos sucias

negocio sucio

conciencia sucia

chiste sucio

agua sucia

aire sucio

よく使うフレーズ

estar sucio

ponerse sucio

verse sucio

dejar sucio

quedar sucio

un poco sucio

muy sucio

asquerosamente sucio

todo sucio

limpiar lo sucio

よく混同される語

sucio/a vs manchado

Sucio is general dirt; manchado is a specific stain.

sucio/a vs desordenado

Sucio means dirty; desordenado means messy/untidy.

sucio/a vs oscuro

Sometimes a 'dirty' color is called 'sucio', but 'oscuro' is just dark.

慣用句と表現

"sacar los trapos sucios"

To reveal embarrassing secrets or past mistakes, usually during an argument.

En la pelea, ella sacó todos sus trapos sucios.

informal

"lavar la ropa sucia en casa"

To settle private matters or disputes privately rather than in public.

Es mejor lavar la ropa sucia en casa y no hablar con los vecinos.

neutral

"jugar sucio"

To act in an unfair or dishonest way to gain an advantage.

Ellos jugaron sucio para ganar el contrato.

neutral

"tener las manos sucias"

To be involved in something illegal or unethical.

Ese concejal tiene las manos sucias por el soborno.

neutral

"guerra sucia"

A period of state-sponsored violence or unethical political tactics.

La historia del país está marcada por la guerra sucia.

formal

"dinero sucio"

Money obtained through illegal activities.

No quiero nada que ver con ese dinero sucio.

neutral

"conciencia sucia"

A feeling of guilt for having done something wrong.

Su conciencia sucia no lo deja vivir en paz.

neutral

"mirada sucia"

A look that implies malice, suspicion, or inappropriate thoughts.

Me lanzó una mirada sucia cuando pasé por su lado.

neutral

"negocios sucios"

Illicit or corrupt business dealings.

Se rumorea que el jefe está en negocios sucios.

neutral

"realismo sucio"

A literary movement focused on the gritty, unvarnished aspects of life.

Bukowski es un referente del realismo sucio.

academic

間違えやすい

sucio/a vs suciedad

It's the noun form.

Sucio is an adjective (The floor is dirty); suciedad is a noun (There is dirt on the floor).

Hay mucha suciedad en el suelo sucio.

sucio/a vs ensuciar

It's the verb form.

Sucio describes the state; ensuciar is the action of making it dirty.

No ensucies el suelo que ya está sucio.

sucio/a vs mugre

It's a synonym noun.

Mugre refers to the actual grime; sucio describes the object covered in it.

Esa mugre hace que el coche esté sucio.

sucio/a vs asqueroso

Stronger synonym.

Sucio is neutral; asqueroso implies disgust or revulsion.

No es solo sucio, ¡es asqueroso!

sucio/a vs limpio

Opposite.

Limpio is clean; sucio is dirty. They are often learned together.

Este vaso está limpio, pero aquel está sucio.

文型パターン

[Noun] está sucio/a.

El plato está sucio.

Tengo los/las [Noun] sucios/as.

Tengo los zapatos sucios.

No me gusta el [Noun] sucio.

No me gusta el juego sucio.

Es un/una [Noun] muy sucio/a.

Es una ciudad muy sucia.

Parece que el/la [Noun] está sucio/a.

Parece que la ventana está sucia.

Dejaste el/la [Noun] sucio/a.

Dejaste la cocina sucia.

Bajo un/una [Noun] sucio/a de...

Bajo una capa sucia de polvo.

Lo más sucio de [Concept] es...

Lo más sucio de la política es la mentira.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Very high; it is a core vocabulary word in Spanish.

よくある間違い

Las manos están sucio. → Las manos están sucias.
The adjective must match the feminine plural noun 'manos'.
Soy sucio. → Estoy sucio.
Using 'soy' implies you are a dirty person by nature; 'estoy' means you just need a shower.
El cuarto es sucio. → El cuarto está sucio.
Dirtiness is usually a temporary state, so 'estar' is preferred.
Ropa suciedad. → Ropa sucia.
Don't use the noun 'suciedad' when you need the adjective 'sucio'.
Juego suciamente. → Juego sucio.
In the context of sports, 'juego sucio' is the fixed expression.

ヒント

Agreement is Key

Always check the noun's gender. 'La mano' is feminine, so it's 'mano sucia' despite ending in 'o'.

Use Synonyms

Level up by using 'mugriento' for really dirty things and 'manchado' for stains.

Idiom Alert

Use 'sacar los trapos sucios' when talking about drama or scandals to sound more native.

Ser vs Estar

Remember: 'está sucio' (needs a wash), 'es sucio' (is a slob).

Descriptive Power

In stories, use 'sucio' to describe the atmosphere of a place, not just the objects.

Catch the Diphthong

Listen for the quick 'jo' sound at the end; it's faster than you might expect.

Hygiene Context

In a restaurant, always use 'está sucio' to politely point out a dirty utensil.

Sports Talk

Use 'juego sucio' to complain about fouls during a match.

Ethical Use

'Dinero sucio' is a common term in news about financial crimes.

Weather Haze

Use 'cielo sucio' to describe a day with lots of smog or dust in the air.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'SU-cio' as 'SOO-dirty'. The 'SU' sounds like 'SOO'. If something is SU-cio, it's SOO dirty you need to wash it.

視覚的連想

Imagine a white shirt with a big 'S' shaped mud stain on it. The 'S' stands for 'Sucio'.

Word Web

limpio ropa manos juego dinero cocina baño cara

チャレンジ

Try to find five things in your house that are 'sucias' and name them in Spanish (e.g., 'el plato sucio').

語源

From the Latin word 'sucidus', which means 'juicy' or 'sappy'.

元の意味： Originally referred to wool that was still greasy with its natural oils (sappy/juicy), which made it appear 'dirty'.

It is a Romance language word, with cognates in Portuguese (sujo) and Italian (sucido - though less common than 'sporco').

文化的な背景

Be careful when calling a person 'sucio' as it can imply they are a pervert or have extremely poor hygiene.

Similar to English, 'dirty' can mean physically unclean, morally corrupt, or sexually suggestive.

The literary movement 'Realismo Sucio' (Dirty Realism). The film 'Guerra Sucia' contexts in Latin American history. The song 'Dirty' (Sucio) references in various urban music genres.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Laundry

Cesto de la ropa sucia
Lavar la ropa sucia
Ropa sucia acumulada
Separar lo sucio

Kitchen

Platos sucios
Suelo sucio
Fregadero sucio
Trapo sucio

Sports

Juego sucio
Jugada sucia
Jugador sucio
Ganar sucio

Hygiene

Manos sucias
Cara sucia
Pelo sucio
Uñas sucias

Ethics

Dinero sucio
Negocio sucio
Pasado sucio
Conciencia sucia

会話のきっかけ

"¿Crees que esta ciudad está más sucia que otras?"

"¿Qué es lo más sucio que has tenido que limpiar en tu vida?"

"¿Alguna vez has visto a un jugador hacer juego sucio en un partido?"

"¿Cómo reaccionas cuando alguien saca los trapos sucios en una cena?"

"¿Prefieres lavar los platos sucios inmediatamente o dejarlos para después?"

日記のテーマ

Describe una vez que te pusiste muy sucio haciendo una actividad al aire libre.

Escribe sobre un personaje de una película que tenga un pasado sucio.

¿Qué opinas de la frase 'la ropa sucia se lava en casa'?

Describe cómo se ve una habitación sucia comparada con una limpia.

Escribe sobre la importancia de mantener el aire de las ciudades menos sucio.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but be careful. 'Estás sucio' means they have dirt on them. 'Eres sucio' means they have bad hygiene or a 'dirty' (perverted) mind.

'Sucio' is the general word for dirty. 'Mugriento' is much stronger and implies thick, greasy grime (mugre).

You say 'ropa sucia'. The idiom for revealing secrets is 'sacar los trapos sucios'.

Yes, 'chistes sucios' is the correct term for inappropriate or sexual humor.

Yes, in a figurative sense, 'negocios sucios' means shady or illegal business.

Usually, yes. 'Ropa sucia'. If you put it before, like 'sucio traidor', it adds poetic emphasis or drama.

Use the reflexive verb 'ensuciarse'. For example, 'Me ensucié las manos'.

Yes, you can say 'aire sucio', though 'aire contaminado' is more formal/technical.

If there is actual dirt/trash, yes. If it's just clothes everywhere, 'desordenado' is better.

The feminine plural is 'sucias', used for nouns like 'las manos' or 'las camisas'.