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B1 noun 9分で読める

باجناق

Q: How do you pluralize bājenāq?

The plural is 'bājenāq-hā' (باجناقها).

練習する例文メモとヒント باجناق 30秒で

解説 باجناق in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn family words like 'mother', 'father', and 'brother'. 'Bājenāq' is a bit advanced for A1, but it is good to know it exists. Think of it as a special kind of 'brother-in-law'. You only use this word if you are a man talking about the husband of your wife's sister. In very simple Persian, you might just say 'the husband of my wife's sister' (shohar-e khāhar-e zanam), but 'bājenāq' is much shorter. Just remember: it is a family member from your wife's side. You might hear it at a big dinner party. If you can say 'In bājenāq-e man ast' (This is my bājenāq), you will sound very smart for a beginner!

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At the A2 level, you are building your vocabulary for daily life and family descriptions. You should start using 'bājenāq' instead of long descriptions. When you talk about your family tree, you can say 'Man yek bājenāq dāram' (I have one bājenāq). At this level, focus on the possessive forms: 'bājenāq-am' (my...), 'bājenāq-at' (your...). You should also understand that this word is specific to men. If you are a woman, you will never have a 'bājenāq'. You will also start to see this word in simple stories about Iranian families. It is a common word because Iranian families are often very large and spend a lot of time together.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the specific cultural nuances of words. 'Bājenāq' is a perfect B1 word because it represents a specific Iranian social concept. You should be able to explain the relationship in Persian: 'Bājenāq yani shohar-e khāhar-e zan' (Bājenāq means the husband of the wife's sister). You should also be aware of the social dynamics—that bājenāqs are often friends but also competitors. You can use the word in more complex sentences, like 'Bājenāqam be man komak kard tā mashin bekharam' (My bājenāq helped me buy a car). This level is where you start to appreciate why Persian has so many different words for 'in-laws' compared to English.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'bājenāq' in various registers, from informal jokes to formal introductions. You should know the synonym 'ham-rish' and when it might be used (dialectal or literary contexts). You should also be able to discuss the 'bājenāq-bāzi' phenomenon—the stereotypical rivalry or close bonding between these men in Iranian culture. At this level, you can understand jokes or movie scenes centered around this relationship. Your grammar should be flawless when using this noun in complex structures, such as 'Agar bājenāqam nayāyad, man ham nemiravam' (If my bājenāq doesn't come, I won't go either).

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the sociolinguistic weight of 'bājenāq'. You can analyze how this term functions in Iranian literature and cinema to represent certain class anxieties or family tensions. You are familiar with proverbs like 'Bājenāq fāmil nemishavad' and can discuss their cultural implications. You understand the historical Turkic roots of the word and how it fits into the broader Persianate kinship system. In conversation, you can use the word with the perfect uvular 'q' sound and use it idiomatically to describe the unique 'outsider-insider' status that these men hold within their wives' families.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'bājenāq' is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You can navigate the most subtle social situations involving this relationship, knowing exactly when to use the term with respect and when to use it for humorous effect. You can engage in academic or sociological discussions about the evolution of Iranian kinship terms and the impact of modernization on traditional roles like that of the 'bājenāq'. You are capable of translating complex English legal or literary texts into Persian, choosing 'bājenāq' correctly over other 'brother-in-law' equivalents to preserve the precise relational meaning of the original text.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

باجناق 30秒で

Refers specifically to a wife's sister's husband.
A term used only by men to describe other men.
Carries significant cultural weight regarding family dynamics.
Of Turkic origin, widely used in modern Persian.

The Persian word باجناق (pronounced 'bājenāq') is a highly specific kinship term that identifies a relationship for which the English language lacks a single unique word. In English, we use the broad umbrella term 'brother-in-law' to describe several different relatives: your spouse's brother, your sister's husband, or your spouse's sister's husband. However, in Persian culture, where family hierarchies and specific relational ties are paramount, bājenāq refers exclusively to the husband of one's wife's sister. This means that two men who are married to two sisters are each other's bājenāqs.

Kinship Specificity: Unlike Western kinship systems that prioritize nuclear units, Persian terminology distinguishes between paternal and maternal sides, and between blood relations and relations by marriage. The term باجناق is essential for navigating family gatherings (mehmoonis) where roles are clearly defined.
Social Dynamics: The relationship between bājenāqs is a frequent subject of Iranian humor, folklore, and television tropes. It is often characterized by a paradoxical mix of deep camaraderie and subtle, competitive rivalry. Because they share the same parents-in-law, they often find themselves compared in terms of career success, financial stability, or how well they treat their respective wives.

دیروز با باجناقم به ورزشگاه رفتیم تا مسابقه فوتبال را تماشا کنیم.
— Translation: Yesterday, I went to the stadium with my bājenāq to watch the football match.

The word is of Turkic origin, which is common in Persian kinship vocabulary. While the formal term is باجناق, you might also hear the term هم‌ریش (ham-rish) in certain dialects or older literary contexts, literally meaning 'same beard,' reflecting the shared status of the two men. However, in modern Tehran and most urban centers, bājenāq is the standard and most recognized term.

رابطه من و باجناقم بیشتر شبیه دو برادر است تا دو فامیل دور.
— Translation: The relationship between me and my bājenāq is more like two brothers than two distant relatives.

Usage in Media: In Iranian sitcoms, the 'bājenāq' character is often used to create conflict. Whether they are competing over who bought a better car or who the father-in-law likes more, the term carries a weight of social expectation and comparison that is instantly recognizable to an Iranian audience.

Understanding this word is crucial for anyone reaching an intermediate (B1) level in Persian because it allows you to describe family trees with the precision required in Iranian culture. While an English speaker might say 'This is my brother-in-law,' an Iranian speaker would feel the sentence is incomplete without knowing exactly how they are related. Using bājenāq correctly shows a deep respect for and understanding of Iranian social structures.

آیا باجناق شما هم در این شرکت کار می‌کند؟
— Translation: Does your bājenāq also work in this company?

Using the word باجناق correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a common noun and its possessive forms. In Persian, kinship terms are almost always used with possessive pronouns or suffixes because family relationships are inherently relative to someone else.

Possessive Suffixes

باجناقم (bājenāq-am) - My bājenāq
باجناقت (bājenāq-at) - Your bājenāq (informal)
باجناقش (bājenāq-ash) - His bājenāq

When introducing your bājenāq to others, you would typically use the formal construction ishun bājenāq-e man hastand (He is my bājenāq). Note that in Persian, even though the relationship is singular, we often use plural verbs ('hastand' instead of 'ast') to show respect to the person being introduced.

من و باجناقم تصمیم گرفتیم با هم یک مغازه باز کنیم.
— Translation: My bājenāq and I decided to open a shop together.

In more complex sentences, bājenāq can act as the subject or object. For example, if you are describing a family conflict or a positive gathering, the word remains stable, but the context changes its emotional weight. Because the word is so specific, it avoids the ambiguity of English where 'brother-in-law' might require a follow-up question like 'Your wife's brother or your sister's husband?'

همه باجناقها در مهمانی شب یلدا حضور داشتند.
— Translation: All the bājenāqs (the husbands of the sisters) were present at the Yalda night party.

Formal vs. Informal: In formal writing, you use باجناق. In very informal or humorous settings, you might hear people refer to the 'bājenāq-bāzi' (bājenāq-playing), which refers to the specific kind of competitive or cooperative behavior typical of this relationship.

Finally, remember that bājenāq is only used by men to refer to other men. A woman would never refer to someone as her bājenāq. If she wants to refer to her husband's brother's wife, she uses a completely different word: جاری (jāri). This gendered specificity is a hallmark of the Persian kinship system.

او همیشه با باجناقش در مورد سیاست بحث می‌کند.
— Translation: He always argues about politics with his bājenāq.

The word باجناق is ubiquitous in Iranian daily life, particularly in environments where family is the central theme. You will hear it in living rooms, at wedding receptions, in comedy clubs, and during holiday celebrations like Nowruz.

Family Gatherings: During a 'mehmooni' (party), the men often congregate in one area. If there are several sisters in the family, their husbands—the bājenāqs—form a natural sub-group. You'll hear phrases like 'Bājenāq, biyā in-jā be-shin' (Bājenāq, come sit here), where the word is used almost like a title or a nickname.

در فرهنگ ایرانی، باجناقها اغلب با هم شوخی‌های زیادی می‌کنند.
— Translation: In Iranian culture, bājenāqs often joke with each other a lot.

In Iranian media, the 'bājenāq' is a staple character in 'tanz' (comedy) series. Shows like 'Peytakht' or 'Noghte Chin' often feature the hilarious and sometimes strained relationships between bājenāqs. It’s used to highlight the 'cheshm-o-ham-cheshmi' (keeping up with the Joneses) aspect of Iranian society. When one bājenāq gets a promotion, the other feels an immediate social pressure to match it.

You will also hear this word in legal or administrative contexts when defining family relations for inheritance, property, or legal testimonies. Even in these serious settings, the term باجناق is the precise legal identifier for this specific relation.

او از باجناقش برای خرید خانه پول قرض گرفت.
— Translation: He borrowed money from his bājenāq to buy a house.

Proverbs and Sayings: There is a common, slightly cynical proverb: 'Bājenāq fāmil nemishavad' (A bājenāq doesn't become real family). This reflects the idea that the bond is through marriage rather than blood, and therefore might be more fragile or prone to competition than a brotherhood.

The most common mistake English speakers make when learning Persian kinship terms is over-applying a single word. Because English uses 'brother-in-law' for three different roles, learners often try to use باجناق for all of them. This is a significant error that can lead to confusion about who is being discussed.

Mistake 1: Confusing with Wife's Brother: If you refer to your wife's brother as your bājenāq, you are incorrect. Your wife's brother is your برادرزن (barādar-zan). A bājenāq is not a blood relative of your wife; he is another man who married your wife's sister.
Mistake 2: Confusing with Sister's Husband: Similarly, your sister's husband is your شوهرخواهر (shohar-khāhar). Again, bājenāq is reserved strictly for the 'co-husband' relationship within the wife's family.

اشتباه: برادرِ زنم باجناق من است. (غلط)
— Correct: برادرِ زنم برادرزن من است.

Another mistake involves the pronunciation of the 'q' (ق) sound at the end. In Tehran Persian, this is often a voiced uvular stop or fricative, similar to a French 'r' but further back in the throat. English speakers often pronounce it as a simple 'k' or 'g'. While you will be understood, practicing the deep 'q' sound will make your Persian sound much more authentic.

Mistake 3: Pluralization: When talking about multiple bājenāqs, use the Persian plural باجناق‌ها (bājenāq-hā). Don't try to use Arabic plural rules which sometimes apply to other Persian words; bājenāq is Turkic/Persian and follows the standard '-hā' rule.

While باجناق is the most common term, there are other words in the Persian family web that are often discussed in the same breath. Understanding these comparisons helps solidify your grasp of the kinship system.

هم‌ریش (Ham-rish)

Definition: Literally 'same beard'.

Comparison: This is an exact synonym for bājenāq. It is more common in regional dialects (like in parts of Khorasan or Afghanistan) and in classical literature. Using it in Tehran today might sound a bit old-fashioned or poetic, but it is a beautiful alternative that highlights the shared identity of the two men.

جاری (Jāri)

Definition: The wife of one's husband's brother.

Comparison: This is the female equivalent of bājenāq. Just as two men married to sisters are bājenāqs, two women married to brothers are jāris. The social dynamics of 'jāri-bāzi' are just as famous (and often more stereotyped as competitive) as 'bājenāq-bāzi'.

شوهرخواهر (Shohar-khāhar)

Definition: Sister's husband.

Comparison: While a bājenāq is related to you through your wife, a shohar-khāhar is related to you through your own sister. This distinction is vital for understanding bloodlines.

در برخی شهرها به جای باجناق از کلمه هم‌ریش استفاده می‌کنند.
— Translation: In some cities, they use the word 'ham-rish' instead of 'bājenāq'.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The Pechenegs, a semi-nomadic Turkic people, were known in some sources by a name related to this root (Bacanāq), though the kinship term is more commonly used today.

発音ガイド

UK /bɑːdʒæˈnɑːk/

US /bɑːdʒəˈnɑːk/

The stress is typically on the last syllable: bā-je-NĀQ.

韻が合う語

اتاق (otāq) باغ (bāgh) داغ (dāgh) چماق (chomāq) فراق (ferāq) نفاق (nefāq) اجاق (ojāq) براق (borāq)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'q' as a simple 'k'.
Stress on the first syllable.
Vowel length: making the 'ā' too short.
Confusing the 'j' sound with 'zh'.
Missing the glottal/uvular quality of the final consonant.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to read once you know the 'q' sound.

ライティング 4/5

The 'q' (ق) and 'j' (ج) are distinct letters to remember.

スピーキング 6/5

The uvular 'q' at the end is challenging for English speakers.

リスニング 3/5

Very distinct sound, easy to pick out in conversation.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

زن (zan) خواهر (khāhar) شوهر (shohar) برادر (barādar) خانواده (khānevāde)

次に学ぶ

جاری (jāri) مادرزن (mādar-zan) پدرزن (pedar-zan) عروس (arus) داماد (dāmād)

上級

صله‌رحم (sele-ye rahem) قوم و خویش (qom o khish) نسبت سببی (nesbat-e sababi)

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe Construction

باجناقِ من (bājenāq-e man)

Possessive Suffixes

باجناقم (bājenāq-am)

Pluralization with -hā

باجناق‌ها (bājenāq-hā)

Respectful Plural Verbs

باجناقم آمدند (My bājenāq came - plural for respect)

Compound Nouns

باجناق‌بازی (bājenāq-bāzi)

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レベル別の例文

این باجناق من است.

This is my bājenāq.

Simple 'this is' sentence with possessive suffix.

باجناق او کجاست؟

Where is his bājenāq?

Question word 'kojāst' with third-person possessive.

من باجناق ندارم.

I don't have a bājenāq.

Negative form of 'to have'.

اسم باجناق شما چیست؟

What is your bājenāq's name?

Formal 'shomā' possessive.

باجناقم مهربان است.

My bājenāq is kind.

Adjective 'mehrabān' describing the noun.

او باجناق علی است.

He is Ali's bājenāq.

Ezafe construction showing relationship.

ما دو باجناق هستیم.

We are two bājenāqs.

Plural subject with 'hastim'.

باجناق من دکتر است.

My bājenāq is a doctor.

Simple profession identification.

باجناقم در تهران زندگی می‌کند.

My bājenāq lives in Tehran.

Present continuous/habitual verb.

آیا باجناق شما ماشین دارد؟

Does your bājenāq have a car?

Interrogative with 'āyā'.

من و باجناقم به رستوران رفتیم.

My bājenāq and I went to a restaurant.

Compound subject with past tense verb.

باجناقش خیلی بلند است.

His bājenāq is very tall.

Adjective 'boland' with intensifier 'kheyli'.

می‌خواهم با باجناقم صحبت کنم.

I want to talk to my bājenāq.

Modal verb 'mikhoham' with subjunctive.

باجناق جدید من بسیار پولدار است.

My new bājenāq is very rich.

Adjective 'jadid' modifying the noun.

او را در خانه باجناقم دیدم.

I saw him at my bājenāq's house.

Prepositional phrase 'dar khāne-ye'.

باجناق‌ها معمولاً با هم صمیمی هستند.

Bājenāqs are usually close with each other.

General plural statement.

رابطه باجناق‌ها همیشه رقابتی نیست.

The relationship of bājenāqs is not always competitive.

Abstract noun 'rābete' with ezafe.

باجناقم به من پیشنهاد داد که با هم سفر کنیم.

My bājenāq suggested that we travel together.

Complex sentence with 'pishnahād dād ke'.

او با باجناقش بر سر ارثیه اختلاف دارد.

He has a dispute with his bājenāq over the inheritance.

Preposition 'bar sar-e' (over/concerning).

باجناق من در واقع صمیمی‌ترین دوست من است.

My bājenāq is actually my closest friend.

Superlative 'samimitarin'.

وقتی باجناقم را دیدم، تعجب کردم.

When I saw my bājenāq, I was surprised.

Time clause with 'vaqti'.

خانواده همسرم دو باجناق دارند.

My wife's family has two bājenāqs.

Possessive 'khānevāde-ye hamsaram'.

باجناقم همیشه بهترین جوک‌ها را تعریف می‌کند.

My bājenāq always tells the best jokes.

Present continuous for habitual action.

آیا باجناق شما هم در مراسم ازدواج بود؟

Was your bājenāq also at the wedding ceremony?

Past tense 'bud' in a question.

رقابت بین باجناق‌ها در سریال‌های طنز ایرانی یک موضوع کلیشه‌ای است.

Competition between bājenāqs is a cliché theme in Iranian comedy series.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

باجناقم با وجود تفاوت‌های سیاسی، همیشه به من احترام می‌گذارد.

Despite political differences, my bājenāq always respects me.

Concession phrase 'bā vojud-e'.

او سعی می‌کند از باجناقش در خرید وسایل منزل عقب نماند.

He tries not to fall behind his bājenāq in buying household appliances.

Idiomatic 'aqab namānd' (not fall behind).

رابطه صمیمانه او با باجناقش زبانزد خاص و عام است.

His close relationship with his bājenāq is well-known to everyone.

Idiom 'zabānzad-e khās o ām'.

باجناقم در مراسم ختم پدرزنم سنگ تمام گذاشت.

My bājenāq did everything possible (went all out) at my father-in-law's funeral.

Idiom 'sang-e tamām gozāsht'.

او از اینکه باجناقش ترفیع گرفته بود، کمی حسادت می‌کرد.

He was a bit jealous that his bājenāq had been promoted.

Causal clause with 'az inke'.

باجناق‌ها معمولاً در مهمانی‌ها یک جبهه مشترک تشکیل می‌دهند.

Bājenāqs usually form a united front at parties.

Military metaphor 'jebhe-ye moshtarak'.

برخلاف تصور عموم، من و باجناقم هیچ مشکلی با هم نداریم.

Contrary to popular belief, my bājenāq and I have no problems with each other.

Prepositional phrase 'barkhalāf-e tasavvor-e omum'.

تحلیل ساختار خویشاوندی نشان می‌دهد که واژه باجناق ریشه در تعاملات قبیله‌ای دارد.

Analysis of kinship structure shows that the word bājenāq has roots in tribal interactions.

Academic register with complex verbs.

در ادبیات کلاسیک، گاهی از واژه 'هم‌ریش' به جای باجناق استفاده شده است.

In classical literature, the word 'ham-rish' has sometimes been used instead of bājenāq.

Passive voice 'estefāde shode ast'.

پیچیدگی‌های عاطفی در روابط باجناق‌ها ناشی از جایگاه مشابه آن‌ها در خانواده همسر است.

Emotional complexities in bājenāq relationships stem from their similar positions in the wife's family.

Abstract subject 'pichidegi-hā-ye ātefi'.

او با ظرافت خاصی از باجناقش در جمع تعریف و تمجید کرد.

He praised his bājenāq in public with a specific subtlety.

Adverbial phrase 'bā zerāfat-e khāsi'.

ضرب‌المثل 'باجناق فامیل نمی‌شود' بازتاب‌دهنده نوعی نگاه بدبینانه به پیوندهای سببی است.

The proverb 'A bājenāq doesn't become family' reflects a pessimistic view of affinal ties.

Present participle 'bāztāb-dahande'.

تنش‌های پنهان میان باجناق‌ها غالباً در قالب شوخی‌های کنایه‌آمیز بروز می‌کند.

Hidden tensions between bājenāqs often manifest in the form of sarcastic jokes.

Formal verb 'boruz mikonad'.

باجناقم با درایت خود توانست اختلاف خانوادگی را حل و فصل کند.

My bājenāq was able to resolve the family dispute with his wisdom.

Compound verb 'hal o fasl kardan'.

حضور مقتدرانه باجناق بزرگتر در خانواده، نظم خاصی به روابط می‌بخشد.

The authoritative presence of the elder bājenāq in the family gives a specific order to the relationships.

Adjectival phrase 'hozur-e moqtaderāne'.

واکاوی پدیدارشناختیِ پیوند باجناقی در جامعه ایران، ابعاد پنهانی از رقابت‌های مردانه را آشکار می‌سازد.

A phenomenological analysis of the bājenāq bond in Iranian society reveals hidden dimensions of male rivalries.

Highest academic register.

تقابل‌های ساختاری میان باجناق‌ها در بستر نظام پدرسالار، موضوعی درخور مداقه است.

Structural oppositions between bājenāqs within the patriarchal system is a subject worthy of scrutiny.

Sophisticated vocabulary like 'modaqqe' and 'moqābel-hā'.

استحکام یا تزلزل رابطه باجناق‌ها مستقیماً بر انسجام کلی خانواده گسترده تأثیرگذار است.

The stability or fragility of the bājenāq relationship directly impacts the overall cohesion of the extended family.

Abstract nouns 'estehkām' and 'tazalzol'.

او در یادداشت‌های خود، باجناقش را به مثابه آینه‌ای برای بازنمایی ضعف‌های خویش توصیف کرده است.

In his memoirs, he described his bājenāq as a mirror for representing his own weaknesses.

Literary 'be masābe-ye' (as/like).

تغییر الگوی همسرگزینی در دهه‌های اخیر، تعاریف سنتی از نقش باجناق را نیز دستخوش تغییر کرده است.

The change in marriage patterns in recent decades has also transformed the traditional definitions of the bājenāq's role.

Idiomatic 'dastkhosh-e taqyir kardan'.

گفتمان حاکم بر روابط باجناقی، آمیزه‌ای از همبستگیِ ناگزیر و رقابتِ پنهان است.

The dominant discourse on bājenāq relationships is a mixture of inevitable solidarity and hidden competition.

Complex noun phrase 'goftemān-e hākem'.

وی با بهره‌گیری از نفوذ باجناقش، توانست بر موانع بوروکراتیک فائق آید.

By utilizing his bājenāq's influence, he was able to overcome bureaucratic obstacles.

Formal 'fā'eq āmadan' (to overcome).

پیوند میان باجناق‌ها، فراتر از یک نسبت فامیلی ساده، یک قرارداد اجتماعی نانوشته برای حمایت متقابل است.

The bond between bājenāqs, beyond a simple family relation, is an unwritten social contract for mutual support.

Philosophical 'farātar az' (beyond).

よく使う組み合わせ

باجناقِ بزرگتر

باجناقِ صمیمی

دعوای باجناق‌ها

رقابت باجناقی

باجناقِ پولدار

دیدار با باجناق

خانواده باجناق

مشورت با باجناق

شوخی با باجناق

باجناقِ سابق

よく使うフレーズ

باجناق فامیل نمی‌شود

— A cynical saying suggesting that a bājenāq is not truly part of the family.

زیاد به او اعتماد نکن، چون باجناق فامیل نمی‌شود.

باجناق‌بازی

— The specific social games, rivalries, or close-knit activities of bājenāqs.

باز هم این دو نفر باجناق‌بازی راه انداختند.

مثل دو تا باجناق

— Describing two men who are either very close or constantly competing.

آن‌ها مثل دو تا باجناق همیشه با هم هستند.

سلام باجناق!

— A common, friendly greeting between two bājenāqs.

سلام باجناق! چطوری؟

باجناقِ هم بودن

— To be bājenāqs to each other.

علی و رضا باجناقِ هم هستند.

چشم و هم‌چشمی باجناق‌ها

— The competitive nature of trying to outdo one's bājenāq.

چشم و هم‌چشمی باجناق‌ها پایانی ندارد.

باجناقِ عزیز

— A polite or affectionate way to address or refer to one's bājenāq.

باجناق عزیز، بفرمایید داخل.

حقِ باجناقی

— The 'rights' or expectations one has from a bājenāq.

به خاطر حق باجناقی، باید به من کمک کنی.

مهمانی باجناق‌ها

— A gathering specifically involving the bājenāqs of a family.

فردا شب مهمانی باجناق‌هاست.

باجناقِ ناخلف

— A humorous or critical term for a bājenāq who doesn't behave well.

او یک باجناق ناخلف است که هیچ‌وقت کمک نمی‌کند.

よく混同される語

باجناق vs برادرزن

This is your wife's brother. A bājenāq is her sister's husband.

باجناق vs شوهرخواهر

This is your own sister's husband. A bājenāq is related through your wife.

باجناق vs جاری

This is the female equivalent (husband's brother's wife). Men don't have a 'jāri'.

慣用句と表現

"باجناق فامیل نمی‌شود، هندوانه عسل نمی‌شود"

— A full version of the proverb emphasizing that some things can't change their nature.

بی‌خود تلاش نکن صمیمی شوی، باجناق فامیل نمی‌شود.

Informal/Proverbial

"باجناق چشم دیدن باجناق را ندارد"

— A common idiom suggesting that bājenāqs are naturally jealous of each other.

تعجب نمی‌کنم که از هم بد می‌گویند؛ باجناق چشم دیدن باجناق را ندارد.

Informal

"هم‌ریش بودن"

— To be in the same boat or have the same specific relationship (literal synonym used idiomatically).

ما با هم هم‌ریش هستیم و دردهای هم را می‌فهمیم.

Informal/Regional

"باندِ باجناق‌ها"

— Referring to the alliance bājenāqs often form during family disputes.

باند باجناق‌ها دوباره جلسه گرفته‌اند.

Slang/Humorous

"باجناقِ سیبِ سرخ"

— A rare idiom for a bājenāq who is particularly favored by the mother-in-law.

او باجناق سیب سرخ خانواده است.

Informal

"ارثِ باجناق"

— Refers to something that is unlikely or difficult to obtain.

رسیدن به آن پول مثل رسیدن به ارث باجناق است.

Slang

"باجناقِ گوش‌به‌فرمان"

— A bājenāq who does whatever the other says.

او باجناق گوش‌به‌فرمانِ علی است.

Informal

"سایه باجناق"

— The influence or presence of a bājenāq.

همیشه سایه باجناقش روی زندگی اوست.

Literary

"باجناقِ یک‌شبه"

— Someone who recently became a bājenāq and is still learning the family ropes.

او هنوز باجناق یک‌شبه است و چیزی نمی‌داند.

Informal

"قهقهرای باجناقی"

— A humorous way to describe a falling out between bājenāqs.

رابطه آن‌ها به قهقهرای باجناقی رسیده است.

Slang

間違えやすい

باجناق vs برادرزن

Both are translated as 'brother-in-law' in English.

Barādar-zan is a blood relative of your wife; bājenāq is the husband of her sister.

برادرزن من مجرد است، اما باجناقم دو فرزند دارد.

باجناق vs شوهرخواهر

Both are 'brother-in-law' in English.

Shohar-khāhar is married to your sister; bājenāq is married to your wife's sister.

شوهرخواهر من پزشک است.

باجناق vs داماد

Both are male relatives by marriage.

Dāmād usually means son-in-law or groom; bājenāq is specifically a co-husband.

پدرزنم دو داماد دارد که با هم باجناق هستند.

باجناق vs برادرشوهر

Relative by marriage.

This is the husband's brother (used by women); bājenāq is used by men.

او برادرشوهرِ خواهرم است.

باجناق vs هم‌ریش

It means the same thing.

Ham-rish is literary/regional; bājenāq is standard modern Persian.

در قدیم به باجناق، هم‌ریش می‌گفتند.

文型パターン

این [Relationship] من است.

این باجناق من است.

من با [Relationship] به [Place] رفتم.

من با باجناقم به پارک رفتم.

[Relationship] من در [Job] کار می‌کند.

باجناق من در بانک کار می‌کند.

با اینکه [Relationship] من [Adjective] است، اما...

با اینکه باجناق من پولدار است، اما بسیار ساده زندگی می‌کند.

رابطه میان [Relationship]ها بر اساس [Concept] است.

رابطه میان باجناق‌ها بر اساس احترام متقابل است.

واکاویِ [Concept] در روابط [Relationship]...

واکاویِ رقابت در روابط باجناقی بسیار جالب است.

آیا [Relationship] شما [Verb]؟

آیا باجناق شما هم فوتبال دوست دارد؟

[Relationship] او [Adjective] است.

باجناق او خیلی مهربان است.

語族

名詞

باجناق (bājenāq)

باجناق‌بازی (bājenāq-bāzi)

形容詞

باجناق‌وار (bājenāq-vār - like a bājenāq)

使い方

frequency

Very high in family contexts.

よくある間違い

Using bājenāq for a sister's husband. → shohar-khāhar
Bājenāq is only for the wife's sister's husband.
Using bājenāq for a wife's brother. → barādar-zan
A wife's brother is a blood relative of the wife, not a bājenāq.
A woman saying 'my bājenāq'. → jāri / barādar-shohar
Women do not have bājenāqs in the Persian kinship system.
Pronouncing it as 'bājenāk'. → bājenāq
The final letter is 'qaf' (ق), which has a deep, voiced sound, not a 'k'.
Confusing it with 'bājenāq-zāde'. → bājenāq
Bājenāq-zāde would be the child of your bājenāq (though this is rarely used; usually 'khāhar-zāde-ye zan' is used).

ヒント

Build a Bond

If you have a bājenāq, try to form a good relationship with him. In Iranian families, bājenāqs often support each other during large gatherings and can be great allies.

Possessive Suffixes

Kinship terms almost always take a possessive suffix in speech. Instead of 'bājenāq-e man', say 'bājenāq-am' to sound more natural.

The 'Q' Sound

Don't be afraid of the 'q' sound. It's produced deep in the throat. Practicing it correctly will significantly improve your Persian accent.

Comedy Trope

When watching Iranian TV, look for the bājenāq characters. Understanding their dynamic will give you a great window into Iranian social humor.

Don't Generalize

Always double-check the relationship. If the man is your wife's brother, use 'barādar-zan'. Only use 'bājenāq' for the sister's husband.

Turkic Roots

Knowing that many Persian kinship terms are Turkic can help you understand the historical influence of Turkic tribes on Iranian culture.

Synonym Alert

If you hear 'ham-rish', don't be confused. It's the exact same as 'bājenāq'. It's just a more 'Persian' literal way of saying it.

Formal Introductions

In formal settings, introduce your bājenāq as 'Ishun bājenāq-e man hastand' to show respect.

The 'Jari' Connection

Remember that 'bājenāq' is for men and 'jāri' is for women. They are the male and female versions of the same 'co-in-law' concept.

Context Clues

If someone mentions a 'bājenāq', you immediately know they are talking about their wife's family side.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Bā' as 'Brother' and 'Jen' as 'Joined' - Brothers joined by marriage to sisters. (Bā-jen-āq).

視覚的連想

Imagine two men sitting on a bench at a wedding, both looking at the same father-in-law. They are the 'outsider brothers'.

Word Web

Family Marriage In-laws Wife's sister Husband Rivalry Friendship Gathering

チャレンジ

Try to identify if you have a bājenāq in your own family tree and say his name using the word: 'X bājenāq-e man ast'.

語源

The word is of Turkic origin, specifically from the Old Turkic word 'bacanak'. It entered Persian through centuries of linguistic contact and the rule of various Turkic dynasties in Iran.

元の意味： In its original Turkic context, it also referred to the husband of one's wife's sister, maintaining its meaning through history.

Turkic (loanword in Indo-European Persian).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using the proverb 'Bājenāq fāmil nemishavad' as it can be seen as offensive if taken too literally by your actual bājenāq.

English speakers often struggle because they use 'brother-in-law' for everything. It's important to realize that to an Iranian, 'bājenāq' is a completely different category of person than a 'barādar-zan'.

The comedy series 'Peytakht' features hilarious bājenāq dynamics. The movie 'Bājenāq-hā' (The Brothers-in-Law) is a classic Iranian comedy. Commonly mentioned in 'tanz' (satirical) literature regarding middle-class family life.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Weddings

تبریک به باجناق
رقص باجناق‌ها
هدیه باجناق
سفره عقد

Family Dinners

بفرمایید باجناق
دستت درد نکنه باجناق
چای با باجناق
نشستن کنار باجناق

Business

شراکت با باجناق
اعتبار باجناق
قرض از باجناق
کار برای باجناق

Travel

سفر با باجناق
ماشین باجناق
هزینه سفر با باجناق
هتل باجناق

Gossip/Socializing

حرف‌های باجناقی
غیبت از باجناق
تعریف از باجناق
خبر از باجناق

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما با باجناق خود رابطه صمیمی دارید؟"

"معمولاً با باجناقتان در مورد چه موضوعاتی صحبت می‌کنید؟"

"آیا تا به حال با باجناق خود به سفر رفته‌اید؟"

"به نظر شما چرا در ایران در مورد باجناق‌ها اینقدر جوک می‌سازند؟"

"بهترین خاطره‌ای که با باجناق خود دارید چیست؟"

日記のテーマ

در مورد اولین باری که باجناق خود را دیدید بنویسید.

تفاوت‌های شخصیتی خود و باجناقتان را توصیف کنید.

آیا فکر می‌کنید 'باجناق فامیل نمی‌شود'؟ چرا؟

نقش باجناق در برگزاری مراسم‌های خانوادگی در ایران را تحلیل کنید.

اگر باجناق داشتید، دوست داشتید او چه ویژگی‌هایی داشته باشد؟

よくある質問

10 問

No, the term is gender-specific. Only a man can have a bājenāq (his wife's sister's husband). A woman would refer to her husband's brother's wife as her 'jāri'.

Yes, it is the standard neutral term. However, using it as a direct address ('Hey Bājenāq!') is informal and should only be done with someone you are close to.

There is no single-word equivalent. You have to say 'the husband of my wife's sister' or use the broad term 'brother-in-law'.

Culturally, it is seen as a mix. They are often close friends because they share the same in-law family, but there is also a stereotype of subtle competition (cheshm-o-ham-cheshmi).

It's a proverb meaning 'A bājenāq doesn't become real family.' It suggests that since the bond is through marriage, it isn't as strong as blood, though it's often said jokingly.

The plural is 'bājenāq-hā' (باجناق‌ها).

Yes, but mostly in literature, older generations, or specific regions like Mashhad. In Tehran, 'bājenāq' is much more common.

No. Your sister's husband is your 'shohar-khāhar'. 'Bājenāq' is only for your wife's sister's husband.

It is a Turkic loanword from the root 'bacanak', which has been part of the Persian language for centuries.

You say 'bājenāq-am' (باجناقم) or 'bājenāq-e man' (باجناقِ من).

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