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B1 noun #1,000 よく出る 12分で読める

بجای

bejaay 上位1,000

練習する例文メモとヒント بجای 30秒で

解説 بجای in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'بجای' (be-jā-ye) as a simple way to say 'instead of'. Imagine you are at a cafe. You want tea, but they only have coffee. You can say 'بجای قهوه، چای می‌خورم' (Instead of coffee, I drink tea). It is like a puzzle piece where you swap one thing for another. You always need to add a little 'e' sound at the end of 'بجای' before you say the next word. This 'e' is called the Ezafe. At this stage, just focus on using it with simple nouns like food, drinks, or people. For example, 'بجای من' (instead of me). It helps you express what you want when your first choice is not available. Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just remember: [بجای] + [Thing you don't want] + [Thing you do want]. It is a very useful word for daily life and basic needs.

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As an A2 learner, you can start using 'بجای' to describe simple actions and daily routines. You might say 'بجای اتوبوس، پیاده می‌روم' (Instead of the bus, I go on foot). Notice how 'بجای' helps you compare two different ways of doing something. You can also use it with pronouns more confidently, like 'بجای او' (instead of him/her). At this level, you should start to notice that 'بجای' usually comes at the beginning of the sentence or before the main verb. It is a compound word made of 'به' (to) and 'جای' (place). So, literally, you are saying 'in the place of'. This makes it easier to remember! Try to use it when you change your plans, like 'بجای پارک، به سینما رفتیم' (Instead of the park, we went to the cinema).

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'بجای' in more complex structures, specifically with the phrase 'بجای اینکه' (instead of that/instead of ...ing). This allows you to connect two full ideas. For example, 'بجای اینکه وقت تلف کنی، درس بخوان' (Instead of wasting time, study). Notice that the verb after 'بجای اینکه' is usually in the subjunctive mood (like 'تلف کنی'). This is a key grammar point for B1. You are no longer just swapping nouns; you are swapping entire behaviors or situations. You can also use it to give advice or make suggestions. It is a great word for social interaction and expressing opinions about how things should be done differently. You should also be able to distinguish it from 'در عوض', which is more about trade-offs than direct replacements.

At the B2 level, 'بجای' becomes a tool for nuanced argument and stylistic variety. You can use it in formal writing to propose alternatives or critique current situations. For instance, 'بجای تمرکز بر مشکلات، باید بر راه حل‌ها تمرکز کرد' (Instead of focusing on problems, one must focus on solutions). You will encounter this word in news articles, literature, and academic discussions. You should be comfortable with its placement anywhere in the sentence for emphasis. You also start to see its role in idiomatic expressions and more abstract concepts, such as 'بجای خود' (in its own place/appropriate). At this level, you should also be aware of the formal 'به جای' versus the common 'بجای' and choose the appropriate one for your writing style.

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For C1 learners, 'بجای' is used to handle abstract and philosophical substitutions. You might analyze a text where an author uses 'بجای' to subvert expectations or create metaphors. You should be able to use it fluently in rapid conversation, even when the object of the preposition is a long, complex clause. For example, 'بجای اینکه اجازه دهیم ترس بر ما غلبه کند، باید با شجاعت پیش برویم' (Instead of letting fear overcome us, we must move forward with courage). You will also recognize the word in classical Persian poetry, where the 'place' (جای) of something carries deep symbolic weight. Your mastery should include knowing when *not* to use it, opting for more specific verbs like 'جایگزین کردن' (to substitute) in technical contexts.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'بجای'. You can use it to create sophisticated rhetorical effects, such as irony or parallelism. You understand the historical evolution of the word from Middle Persian and its relationship to other 'place' related terms in the Iranian linguistic family. You can effortlessly switch between 'بجای', 'به عوض', and 'در مقام' depending on the desired register and tone. Whether you are writing a legal brief, a philosophical essay, or a poem, 'بجای' is a precision tool in your kit. You also understand the subtle rhythmic role it plays in Persian prose (Saj'), where the placement of such prepositions can affect the flow and impact of a sentence. You are fully aware of all its grammatical permutations and can correct even the most subtle misuses by others.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

بجای 30秒で

بجای means 'instead of' or 'in place of' in Persian.
It is a compound of 'به' (to) and 'جای' (place).
It always requires the Ezafe (-e) to connect to the following word.
It can be used with nouns, pronouns, and verbal clauses.

The Persian word بجای (pronounced 'be-jā-ye') is a fundamental linguistic tool used to express the concept of substitution or replacement. At its core, it is a compound structure formed from the preposition به (to/in) and the noun جای (place), followed by the Ezafe construction -e which links it to the following noun or pronoun. In English, it translates most directly to 'instead of' or 'in place of'. This word is ubiquitous in Persian because it allows speakers to navigate choices, express preferences, and describe changes in plans. Whether you are at a restaurant asking for tea instead of coffee or discussing complex political substitutions, this word is your primary vehicle.

Literal Meaning: To the place of; in the position of.
Grammatical Function: Compound preposition requiring the Ezafe (-e) to connect to its object.
Common Register: Used in both formal literature and everyday colloquial speech with slight spelling variations.

Historically, the concept of 'place' as a proxy for 'role' or 'substitution' is a common feature in Indo-European languages, but in Persian, the contraction of 'به جای' into 'بجای' has become standard in many modern texts. People use it when they want to highlight a contrast between what was expected and what actually occurred. For example, if a student studies history instead of mathematics, the word 'بجای' marks the path not taken. It is also essential in social etiquette; for instance, offering an apology instead of an excuse.

من بجای او به جلسه رفتم.

Translation: I went to the meeting instead of him.

Understanding this word requires an appreciation for the Ezafe. Without the short 'e' sound at the end, the word remains a static noun. With it, it becomes a dynamic preposition. In the modern Iranian context, you will see this word on menus (substituting ingredients), in news headlines (replacing officials), and in casual text messages. It is a word of flexibility. It implies that there was an original slot or 'place' (جای) and something else has filled it. Furthermore, the word carries a sense of intentionality. Unlike 'in spite of', which suggests an obstacle, 'بجای' suggests a direct trade. In poetic contexts, it can even take on a more metaphorical meaning, where one's soul might be 'in place of' another's, indicating deep empathy or sacrifice.

لطفاً بجای قند از خرما استفاده کنید.

Translation: Please use dates instead of sugar.

او بجای کار کردن، تمام روز خوابید.

Translation: Instead of working, he slept all day.

چرا بجای انتقاد، کمک نمی‌کنی؟

Translation: Why don't you help instead of criticizing?

In summary, 'بجای' is the linguistic bridge between an alternative and a reality. It is indispensable for anyone reaching a B1 level in Persian, as it allows for the construction of complex sentences that involve comparison and choice. Its frequency in the language is a testament to the Iranian cultural emphasis on hospitality (offering alternatives) and nuanced social negotiation.

Using بجای correctly involves understanding its relationship with the Ezafe and the object it precedes. Because it functions as a prepositional phrase, it always needs an object—something that is being replaced. This object can be a noun, a pronoun, or even a verbal phrase. When the object is a noun, the Ezafe (-e) is added to the end of 'بجای'. For example, 'بجایِ نان' (instead of bread). When the object is a pronoun, you can use the separate pronoun (بجایِ من) or the pronominal suffix (بجایم), though the former is much more common in spoken and written Persian for clarity.

With Nouns: Structure: [بجای] + [Ezafe] + [Noun]. Example: بجای آب (instead of water).
With Pronouns: Structure: [بجای] + [Ezafe] + [Pronoun]. Example: بجای تو (instead of you).
With Verbs (Infinitives): Structure: [بجایِ] + [Infinitive]. Example: بجای رفتن (instead of going).

A crucial aspect of using 'بجای' is the sentence order. Typically, the 'بجای' phrase comes before the main action of the sentence. If you want to say 'I ate fruit instead of cake', you would say 'بجای کیک، میوه خوردم'. The thing being replaced (the cake) follows 'بجای', and the thing being chosen (the fruit) is the object of the main verb. This structure helps the listener immediately understand the substitution being made.

بجای اینکه گریه کنی، راه حلی پیدا کن.

Translation: Instead of crying, find a solution.

In the example above, we see 'بجای' used with 'اینکه' (that/the fact that) to introduce a clause. This is a very common B1-level construction. 'بجای اینکه' is followed by a verb, usually in the subjunctive mood (like 'گریه کنی'). This allows for more complex expressions of 'instead of doing X, do Y'. Another interesting usage is in the context of mathematical or logical substitution. In a recipe, you might see 'بجای دو پیمانه شیر، از یک پیمانه ماست استفاده کنید' (Instead of two cups of milk, use one cup of yogurt). Here, 'بجای' establishes a ratio or a replacement rule.

او بجای جواب دادن، فقط لبخند زد.

Translation: Instead of answering, he just smiled.

ما بجای شمال، به جنوب سفر کردیم.

Translation: We traveled to the south instead of the north.

In more formal writing, you might encounter 'به جایِ' as two separate words. The meaning remains identical, but the visual separation adds a touch of formality or traditionalism. In poetry, 'بجای' can be used to describe one thing standing in for another's essence, often used in the 'Ghazal' form to describe the beloved's features replacing natural wonders. For learners, the most important thing is to remember the Ezafe. Saying 'be-ja man' sounds broken; it must be 'be-ja-ye man'. This small vowel is the glue that makes the substitution work.

The word بجای is a staple of the Iranian auditory landscape. You will hear it in the bustling Tajrish bazaar, in the quiet corridors of a Tehran university, and in every Persian-language podcast or television drama. Its versatility makes it a 'workhorse' word. In a commercial setting, such as a pharmacy or a grocery store, customers frequently use it to ask for alternatives. 'بجای این برند، آن یکی را دارید؟' (Do you have that other one instead of this brand?). It is the language of consumer choice and negotiation.

In the Kitchen: Mothers and grandmothers often use it when teaching recipes: 'بجای روغن، از کره استفاده کن تا خوشمزه‌تر شود' (Use butter instead of oil to make it tastier).
In Professional Settings: Managers use it to delegate tasks: 'بجای آقای علوی، شما این گزارش را بنویسید' (You write this report instead of Mr. Alavi).
In Media and News: News anchors use it to describe diplomatic shifts: 'بجای تحریم، باید از دیپلماسی استفاده کرد' (Instead of sanctions, diplomacy should be used).

In Iranian cinema, particularly in the social realism genre (like the films of Asghar Farhadi), 'بجای' is often used in dialogue to highlight moral dilemmas. Characters might argue about what should have been done 'instead of' what was actually done, emphasizing regret or alternative paths. This reflects a cultural tendency to analyze decisions and their consequences deeply.

او بجای اینکه حقیقت را بگوید، دروغ گفت.

Translation: Instead of telling the truth, he lied.

You will also hear it in the context of 'Tarof' (Persian etiquette). A host might say, 'بجای اینکه آنجا بنشینی، بفرما اینجا' (Instead of sitting there, please come sit here), where the substitution is a way of showing honor to the guest. In this sense, 'بجای' is not just about logic; it's about social positioning. In educational environments, teachers use 'بجای' to correct students. 'بجای این کلمه، از واژه دقیق‌تری استفاده کن' (Use a more precise word instead of this one). It is the primary tool for refinement and improvement.

چرا بجای مطالعه، فیلم می‌بینی؟

Translation: Why are you watching a movie instead of studying?

بجای عصبانیت، آرام باش.

Translation: Instead of anger, be calm.

Even in Persian music, lyrics often revolve around substitutions—asking a lover to stay 'instead of' leaving, or describing how sorrow has taken the 'place of' joy. The word 'بجای' thus bridges the gap between the mundane and the poetic. It is a word that every learner will encounter within their first few months of serious study, and its mastery is a sign of moving toward fluency.

For English speakers learning Persian, the word بجای presents a few specific challenges that often lead to common errors. The most frequent mistake is omitting the Ezafe. In English, 'instead of' is two words, but in Persian, 'بجای' is a single unit that *requires* the linking vowel '-e' to connect to the next word. Without this vowel, the sentence becomes grammatically unmoored.

Mistake 1: Missing Ezafe: Saying 'بجای من' (be-jā man) instead of 'بجایِ من' (be-jā-ye man). The 'ye' sound is essential.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Dar Avaz': While 'در عوض' (dar avaz) also means 'instead' or 'in return', it is often used as a standalone adverb at the beginning of a clause, whereas 'بجای' usually takes an object.
Mistake 3: Verb Mood Errors: When using 'بجای اینکه', many learners forget to use the subjunctive mood for the following verb.

Another common error is the word order. In English, we can say 'I went there instead of him' or 'Instead of him, I went there'. In Persian, while both are possible, placing the 'بجای' phrase at the beginning of the sentence or immediately before the verb is more natural. Placing it at the very end of the sentence can sometimes feel like an afterthought or a direct translation from English syntax.

غلط: من رفتم بجای او. (Incorrect/Unnatural)
درست: من بجای او رفتم. (Correct/Natural)

Explanation: Persian prefers the prepositional phrase before the verb.

Learners also struggle with the difference between 'بجای' and 'جایِ'. While 'بجای' means 'instead of', 'جایِ' simply means 'the place of'. For example, 'جایِ کلید اینجاست' (The place of the key is here) vs 'بجای کلید، از کارت استفاده کن' (Instead of a key, use a card). Mixing these up can lead to confusion about whether you are talking about a physical location or a substitution. Spelling is another area of concern. In modern Persian, 'بجای' is often written as one word, but 'به جای' is also correct. However, learners sometimes write 'بجایه' adding a silent 'h' (He-ye-malfuz) at the end to represent the Ezafe. This is a spelling error; the Ezafe is a sound, not a letter, unless it follows a word ending in a vowel. Since 'جای' ends in 'ye', the Ezafe is usually just pronounced or written as a small 'ye' above the final letter in some styles, but never as a full 'h'.

اشتباه: بجایه نان... (Wrong spelling)
صحیح: بجایِ نان... (Correct spelling)

Finally, avoid using 'بجای' when you mean 'rather than' in a purely comparative sense of preference without substitution. While they overlap, 'بجای' strongly implies that one thing is physically or functionally taking the place of another. If you are just expressing a preference, 'ترجیح می‌دهم' (I prefer) might be more appropriate.

While بجای is the most common way to say 'instead of', Persian offers several alternatives that carry slightly different nuances or are used in different registers. Understanding these can help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to choose the exact 'flavor' of substitution you want to express.

در عوض (Dar Avaz): Meaning 'instead' or 'in return'. It is often used to show a compensation or a counter-balance. 'هوا سرد است، در عوض هوا پاک است' (The weather is cold, but instead/on the other hand, the air is clean).
به جایِ (Be Jā-ye): The non-contracted version of 'بجای'. It is more formal and common in classical literature or very formal administrative writing.
به عوضِ (Be Avaz-e): Similar to 'بجای', but slightly more formal. It emphasizes the 'exchange' aspect (avaz means exchange).
در مقابلِ (Dar Moqābel-e): Meaning 'in contrast to' or 'against'. It is used when comparing two things rather than replacing one with another.

The choice between 'بجای' and 'در عوض' is the most common dilemma for learners. Think of 'بجای' as 'X instead of Y' (where Y is removed) and 'در عوض' as 'X in exchange for Y' or 'X, but on the bright side, Y'. For example, if you buy a cheap car, you might say: 'ماشین ارزان است، در عوض مصرفش زیاد است' (The car is cheap, but instead/in return, its consumption is high). You wouldn't use 'بجای' here because the high consumption isn't 'taking the place' of the low price; they coexist as a trade-off.

او بجای پول، به من کتاب داد.

Translation: He gave me a book instead of money.

In this case, 'بجای' is perfect because the book replaced the money. If you used 'به عوضِ', it would sound slightly more formal, perhaps like something you'd read in a contract. Another synonym is 'به موازاتِ' (in parallel with), though this is used for things happening at the same time rather than substitution. For academic writing, you might see 'جایگزینِ' (replacement for). This is a noun/adjective used in technical contexts, like 'جایگزینِ دارو' (medicine replacement).

ما باید بجای نفت، از انرژی خورشیدی استفاده کنیم.

Translation: We should use solar energy instead of oil.

او بجای پیاده‌روی، با تاکسی آمد.

Translation: Instead of walking, he came by taxi.

In summary, while 'بجای' is the king of substitution, knowing its neighbors like 'در عوض' and 'به عوض' allows you to navigate the subtle waters of Persian logic and rhetoric. 'بجای' is about the 'what', while 'در عوض' is often about the 'why' or the 'consequence'.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'جای' (jā) is a cognate with the English word 'stay' and the Latin 'stare', all coming from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh- meaning 'to stand'. So, 'بجای' literally means 'standing in for'.

発音ガイド

UK /be.dʒɒː.je/

US /be.dʒɑː.je/

The stress is typically on the second syllable 'jā'.

韻が合う語

پای (pāye) سای (sāye) رای (rāye) نای (nāye) جای (jāye) های (hāye) وای (vāye) لایه (lāye)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'be-ja' without the Ezafe 'ye'.
Pronouncing the 'j' as 'zh' (like pleasure). It should be 'j' as in 'jam'.
Over-emphasizing the 'be' prefix.
Merging the 'jā' and 'ye' into a single diphthong.
Forgetting the short 'e' at the very end.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize, but sometimes confused with 'بجا' (appropriate).

ライティング 4/5

Requires remembering the Ezafe and the subjunctive mood for clauses.

スピーキング 3/5

Very common in speech; the main challenge is the 'ye' sound at the end.

リスニング 3/5

Easily heard, though sometimes the 'be' prefix is spoken very quickly.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

به (to/in) جای (place) من (me) این (this) آن (that)

次に学ぶ

در عوض (instead/in return) جایگزین (replacement) ترجیح دادن (to prefer) مقایسه (comparison) تفاوت (difference)

上級

من حیث (as/from the aspect of) در مقام (in the position of) به مثابه (as/like) علی‌رغم (despite)

知っておくべき文法

The Ezafe Construction

بجایِ (be-jā-ye) + Noun.

Subjunctive Mood after 'بجای اینکه'

بجای اینکه بروی (Subjunctive), بمان.

Pronominal Suffixes with Prepositions

بجایم (instead of me) - though 'بجای من' is more common.

Infinitive as a Noun

بجایِ رفتن (Instead of going).

Compound Prepositions

بجای is a compound of 'به' and 'جای'.

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レベル別の例文

بجای آب، شیر می‌خورم.

Instead of water, I drink milk.

Simple noun substitution using Ezafe.

بجای من، او آمد.

Instead of me, he came.

Using 'بجای' with a personal pronoun.

بجای سیب، پرتقال بخر.

Instead of apples, buy oranges.

Imperative sentence with substitution.

بجای ماشین، پیاده برویم.

Instead of the car, let's go on foot.

Suggesting an alternative action.

بجای چای، قهوه داری؟

Do you have coffee instead of tea?

Question format for alternatives.

بجای کتاب، فیلم دیدم.

Instead of the book, I watched the movie.

Past tense substitution.

بجای قرمز، آبی بپوش.

Instead of red, wear blue.

Color substitution.

بجای اینجا، آنجا بنشین.

Instead of here, sit there.

Adverbial substitution (here vs there).

بجای اتوبوس، با تاکسی به خانه رفتم.

Instead of the bus, I went home by taxi.

Describing a change in transportation.

بجای کار کردن، او بازی کرد.

Instead of working, he played.

Substitution of infinitives used as nouns.

بجای ناهار، فقط یک میوه خوردم.

Instead of lunch, I only ate a fruit.

Using 'بجای' to show a reduced alternative.

بجای برادرم، من به مغازه رفتم.

Instead of my brother, I went to the shop.

Substitution of a family member.

بجای تهران، به شیراز سفر کردیم.

Instead of Tehran, we traveled to Shiraz.

Geographical substitution.

بجای نوشابه، دوغ بنوشید.

Drink Doogh (yogurt drink) instead of soda.

Giving healthy advice.

بجای خوابیدن، کتاب بخوان.

Read a book instead of sleeping.

Comparing two activities.

بجای این پیرهن، آن یکی را بردار.

Take that one instead of this shirt.

Demonstrative pronoun substitution.

بجای اینکه ناراحت باشی، سعی کن بخندی.

Instead of being sad, try to laugh.

Using 'بجای اینکه' with the subjunctive 'باشی'.

بجای اینکه وقتت را تلف کنی، درس بخوان.

Instead of wasting your time, study.

Common advice structure for B1.

بجای خریدن ماشین نو، قدیمی را تعمیر کردیم.

Instead of buying a new car, we repaired the old one.

Using a gerund-like infinitive phrase.

بجای شکایت کردن، باید عمل کنیم.

Instead of complaining, we must act.

Substitution of attitudes.

بجای اینکه به هتل برویم، در خانه دوستمان ماندیم.

Instead of going to a hotel, we stayed at our friend's house.

Complex clause substitution.

بجای قند، از عسل در چای استفاده کنید.

Use honey in tea instead of sugar.

Instructional substitution.

بجای تماشای تلویزیون، به پیاده‌روی رفتیم.

Instead of watching TV, we went for a walk.

Replacing a passive activity with an active one.

بجای حرف زدن، بهتر است گوش بدهی.

Instead of talking, it's better to listen.

Comparative advice.

بجای تمرکز بر جزئیات، باید به کلیات توجه کرد.

Instead of focusing on details, one must pay attention to the big picture.

Abstract academic substitution.

بجای انتقاد مداوم، راهکار ارائه دهید.

Instead of constant criticism, provide solutions.

Professional workplace language.

بجای استفاده از پلاستیک، از کیسه‌های پارچه‌ای استفاده کنید.

Instead of using plastic, use cloth bags.

Environmental context.

بجای اینکه منتظر شانس باشی، سخت کار کن.

Instead of waiting for luck, work hard.

Philosophical advice.

بجای تخریب آثار تاریخی، باید آن‌ها را بازسازی کرد.

Instead of destroying historical monuments, they should be restored.

Social/Political commentary.

بجای واردات، باید بر تولید داخلی تمرکز کنیم.

Instead of imports, we should focus on domestic production.

Economic context.

بجای ترس از شکست، از آن درس بگیرید.

Instead of fearing failure, learn from it.

Motivational context.

بجای جریمه کردن، باید فرهنگ‌سازی کرد.

Instead of fining, one should build culture/awareness.

Sociological discussion.

بجای تقابل، باید به دنبال تعامل سازنده بود.

Instead of confrontation, one must seek constructive interaction.

Diplomatic/Formal register.

بجای اینکه صرفاً به ظاهر بپردازیم، باید محتوا را غنی کنیم.

Instead of merely dealing with appearance, we must enrich the content.

Intellectual/Literary critique.

بجای تکیه بر منابع طبیعی، باید بر دانش تکیه کرد.

Instead of relying on natural resources, one must rely on knowledge.

Strategic/Economic analysis.

بجای تقلید کورکورانه، باید به تفکر نقادانه روی آورد.

Instead of blind imitation, one must turn to critical thinking.

Educational philosophy.

بجای سرکوب احساسات، باید آن‌ها را مدیریت کرد.

Instead of suppressing emotions, they should be managed.

Psychological context.

بجای قضاوت دیگران، خودمان را اصلاح کنیم.

Instead of judging others, let us reform ourselves.

Ethical/Moral discourse.

بجای هدر دادن منابع، باید به بهره‌وری اندیشید.

Instead of wasting resources, one must think of productivity.

Industrial/Management context.

بجای سکوت در برابر ظلم، باید فریاد عدالت سر داد.

Instead of silence in the face of oppression, one must cry out for justice.

Political/Human rights context.

بجای آنکه در بند گذشته بمانیم، باید افق‌های آینده را ترسیم کنیم.

Instead of remaining in the bonds of the past, we must draw the horizons of the future.

High literary style with 'آنکه'.

بجای اصالت دادن به ماده، باید به معنا پرداخت.

Instead of giving primacy to matter, one should deal with meaning.

Philosophical/Ontological register.

بجای پراکنده‌گویی، باید به ایجاز و اختصار روی آورد.

Instead of verbosity, one must turn to conciseness and brevity.

Rhetorical/Stylistic analysis.

بجای انفعال، باید به کنشگری خردمندانه پرداخت.

Instead of passivity, one should engage in wise activism.

Political science register.

بجای تقلیل مفاهیم، باید به عمق آن‌ها نفوذ کرد.

Instead of reducing concepts, one must penetrate their depth.

Epistemological context.

بجای واگرایی، باید به سمت همگرایی ملی حرکت کرد.

Instead of divergence, one must move towards national convergence.

Sociopolitical discourse.

بجای تعصب، باید به تساهل و مدارا روی آورد.

Instead of prejudice/fanaticism, one must turn to tolerance and forbearance.

Humanistic/Ethical register.

بجای تخیل صرف، باید به واقع‌گرایی انتقادی پایبند بود.

Instead of mere imagination, one must adhere to critical realism.

Artistic/Literary theory.

よく使う組み合わせ

بجای اینکه

بجای من

بجای خود

بجای آوردن

بجای ماندن

بجای گذاشتن

بجای نان

بجای همه

بجای آن

بجای استفاده از

よく使うフレーズ

بجای اینکه حرف بزنی...

— Instead of talking... (used to prompt action).

بجای اینکه حرف بزنی، کار کن.

بجای من باشی...

— If you were in my place...

اگر بجای من باشی، چه می‌کنی؟

بجای همه تشکر می‌کنم.

— I thank you on behalf of everyone.

بجای همه همکاران از شما تشکر می‌کنم.

بجای دوری نمی‌رود.

— It won't go to a bad place (it's a good deed/investment).

کمک به دیگران بجای دوری نمی‌رود.

بجای خود نشستن

— To sit in one's own place (to know one's limits).

او باید بجای خود بنشیند.

بجای آوردن احترام

— To pay respect.

باید احترام بزرگترها را بجای آورد.

بجای گذاشتن اثر

— To leave an impression or trace.

این فیلم اثر عمیقی بجای گذاشت.

بجای اینکه بترسی...

— Instead of being afraid...

بجای اینکه بترسی، شجاع باش.

بجای تو بودم...

— If I were you...

اگر بجای تو بودم، این کار را نمی‌کردم.

بجای هر چیز

— Instead of anything else.

بجای هر چیز، سلامتی مهم است.

よく混同される語

بجای vs بجا

Means 'appropriate' or 'timely'. Example: حرف بجا (a timely word).

بجای vs در عوض

Means 'instead' but often as a trade-off. Example: سرد است در عوض زیباست.

بجای vs جای

Simply means 'place'. Example: جای من اینجاست.

慣用句と表現

"بجای دوری نمی‌رود"

— It's not a waste; it will come back to you as a benefit.

محبت کردن بجای دوری نمی‌رود.

Informal

"بجای آوردن"

— To recognize someone or to perform a duty (like prayer).

او را بجای نیاوردم (I didn't recognize him).

Neutral

"بجای خود"

— Appropriate, in its proper time/place.

هر سخن جایی و هر نکته بجای خود دارد.

Literary

"بجای ماندن"

— To remain, to be left behind.

از آن شهر فقط ویرانه‌ای بجای ماند.

Neutral

"بجای گذاشتن"

— To leave behind (intentionally or not).

او کتابش را بجای گذاشت.

Neutral

"بجای کسی نشستن"

— To take someone's position or role.

او بجای پدرش در شرکت نشست.

Neutral

"بجای کسی بودن"

— To be in someone's shoes.

کاش بجای تو بودم.

Informal

"بجای آوردن سجده"

— To prostrate (religious context).

او سجده شکر بجای آورد.

Formal/Religious

"بجای آوردن عهد"

— To fulfill a promise.

او عهد خود را بجای آورد.

Formal

"بجای آوردن حق"

— To do justice to something.

او حق مطلب را بجای آورد.

Formal

間違えやすい

بجای vs در عوض

Both translate to 'instead' in English.

'بجای' is a preposition requiring an object (instead of X). 'در عوض' is often an adverbial phrase (instead/on the other hand).

بجای نان، میوه بخور. (Instead of bread, eat fruit.) vs نان نداریم، در عوض میوه هست. (We don't have bread, instead/on the other hand, there is fruit.)

بجای vs جایگزین

Both involve substitution.

'جایگزین' is a noun/adjective (replacement). 'بجای' is a preposition (instead of).

او جایگزینِ من است. (He is my replacement.) vs او بجای من آمد. (He came instead of me.)

بجای vs به جایِ

Identical meaning.

Only a spelling/formality difference. 'بجای' is modern/contracted.

به جای او (Formal) vs بجای او (Common).

بجای vs بجا

Spelled similarly.

'بجا' is an adjective (appropriate). 'بجای' is a preposition (instead of).

رفتار او بجا بود. (His behavior was appropriate.) vs بجای او رفتم. (I went instead of him.)

بجای vs به عوضِ

Synonyms.

'به عوض' emphasizes the 'exchange' or 'barter' aspect more than 'بجای'.

به عوضِ پول، گندم داد. (He gave wheat in exchange for money.)

文型パターン

بجای [Noun A]، [Noun B] [Verb].

بجای چای، قهوه خوردم.

بجای [Pronoun]، [Subject] [Verb].

بجای او، من رفتم.

بجای اینکه [Subjunctive Verb]، [Main Verb].

بجای اینکه بخوابی، درس بخوان.

بجای [Infinitive]، [Main Verb].

بجای رفتن، ماندم.

بجای [Abstract Noun]، باید [Verb].

بجای جنگ، باید صلح کرد.

بجای آنکه [Subjunctive Verb]، [Main Verb].

بجای آنکه تسلیم شویم، مقاومت کردیم.

بجای [Complex Clause]، [Complex Clause].

بجای اینکه اجازه دهیم نادانی حاکم شود، باید به خرد پناه برد.

اگر بجای [Pronoun] بودم، [Conditional Verb].

اگر بجای تو بودم، می‌رفتم.

語族

名詞

جای (place)

جایگاه (position/station)

جانشین (successor/substitute)

جایگزین (replacement)

動詞

جای دادن (to place/accommodate)

جایگزین کردن (to substitute)

بجای آوردن (to perform/recognize)

形容詞

بجا (appropriate/timely)

بی‌جا (inappropriate/out of place)

جایگزین (substitute/alternative)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation and writing.

よくある間違い

بجای من رفت (be-jā man raft) → بجایِ من رفت (be-jā-ye man raft)
Missing the Ezafe linking vowel. It must be 'be-jā-ye'.
بجای اینکه می‌روی، بمان (be-jā-ye in-ke mi-ravi...) → بجای اینکه بروی، بمان (be-jā-ye in-ke be-ravi...)
Using the indicative mood instead of the subjunctive after 'بجای اینکه'.
من رفتم بجای او (man raftam be-jā-ye u) → من بجای او رفتم (man be-jā-ye u raftam)
While not strictly wrong, Persian prefers the prepositional phrase before the verb for better flow.
بجایه نان (be-jā-ye nān - written with 'h') → بجایِ نان (be-jā-ye nān)
Writing the Ezafe as a full letter 'h' (he) is a common spelling error.
Using 'بجای' for 'on the other hand'. → Using 'در عوض' for 'on the other hand'.
'بجای' is for substitution; 'در عوض' is for contrast or trade-offs.

ヒント

Don't Forget the Ezafe

The 'ye' at the end of 'بجای' is the Ezafe. It's not part of the root word, but it's required to link it to the object. Always say 'be-jā-ye'.

Subjunctive with 'اینکه'

Whenever you use 'بجای اینکه', the next verb must be in the subjunctive. This is a classic B1 level grammar rule.

One Word or Two?

In modern Persian, writing it as one word 'بجای' is very common and saves space. In formal letters, 'به جای' is safer.

Synonym Nuance

Use 'بجای' for direct replacements and 'در عوض' for trade-offs where both things might still exist in the context.

The 'J' Sound

Ensure your 'j' is hard like in 'juice'. Some learners accidentally make it soft like 's' in 'pleasure'. It's 'be-JĀ-ye'.

Tarof and Alternatives

In Iran, offering an alternative using 'بجای' is a sign of being a good host. Don't be afraid to use it to offer choices.

Sentence Placement

For the most natural flow, place the 'بجای' phrase at the beginning of the sentence.

Listen for 'In-ke'

If you hear 'in-ke' after 'be-jā-ye', get ready for a full action (verb) to be described as the alternative.

Job/Jā Connection

Remember: Jā = Place/Job. Be-Jā-ye = In the place/job of = Instead of.

Practice with Pronouns

Practice saying 'بجای من', 'بجای تو', 'بجای او' until they feel like single, fluid words.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Be-Jā-Ye' as 'Be in the Jā (Job) of'. If someone is in your 'Jā' (place/job), they are there 'instead of' you.

視覚的連想

Imagine a chair with a 'Reserved' sign. Someone else sits in it. They are sitting 'بجای' (instead of) the person who reserved it.

Word Web

جای (Place) بجای (Instead of) کجا (Where) اینجا (Here) آنجا (There) جابجا (Move) جایگاه (Status) بجا (Timely)

チャレンジ

Try to replace three things in your house today and describe it in Persian. 'بجای لیوان، از فنجان استفاده کردم' (Instead of a glass, I used a cup).

語源

Derived from Middle Persian 'gyāg' (place). The prefix 'be-' is the modern Persian preposition 'به' (to/in). The compound 'be-jā' literally means 'in the place'.

元の意味： In the physical location of.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but be careful not to use 'بجای' when you mean 'on behalf of' in a formal legal sense, where 'از طرفِ' (az taraf-e) is more appropriate.

English speakers often confuse 'instead of' with 'rather than'. In Persian, 'بجای' covers both, but 'بجای اینکه' is the specific structure for 'rather than doing...'.

The poem 'هر چیزی بجای خود زیباست' (Everything is beautiful in its own place). The religious phrase 'بجای آوردن مناسک' (Performing the rituals). Modern Iranian pop songs often use 'بجای من' when talking about a lost lover's new partner.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Ordering Food

بجای نوشابه، آب بیاورید.
بجای برنج، سالاد می‌خورم.
بجای گوشت، مرغ دارید؟
بجای شکر، عسل بدهید.

Workplace

بجای من، همکارم می‌آید.
بجای ایمیل، تلفن بزن.
بجای گزارش، خلاصه بنویس.
بجای جلسه، پیام بده.

Giving Advice

بجای گریه، بخند.
بجای تنبلی، ورزش کن.
بجای خرید، پس‌انداز کن.
بجای تلویزیون، کتاب بخوان.

Travel/Directions

بجای شمال، به غرب برو.
بجای اتوبوس، مترو سوار شو.
بجای هتل، ویلا بگیر.
بجای نقشه، از جی‌پی‌اس استفاده کن.

Education

بجای حفظ کردن، یاد بگیر.
بجای مداد، از خودکار استفاده کن.
بجای کلاس، در کتابخانه درس بخوان.
بجای سوال، جواب را بنویس.

会話のきっかけ

"بجای اینکه اینجا بمانی، دوست داری کجا بروی؟ (Instead of staying here, where would you like to go?)"

"بجای قهوه، معمولاً صبح‌ها چه می‌نوشی؟ (Instead of coffee, what do you usually drink in the mornings?)"

"اگر بجای من بودی، این کار را انجام می‌دادی؟ (If you were in my place, would you do this?)"

"بجای تماشای فیلم، دوست داری بازی کنیم؟ (Instead of watching a movie, would you like to play?)"

"بجای زندگی در شهر، دوست داری در روستا زندگی کنی؟ (Instead of living in the city, would you like to live in a village?)"

日記のテーマ

امروز بجای چه کاری، کار دیگری انجام دادی؟ چرا؟ (What did you do today instead of something else? Why?)

بجای اینکه نگران آینده باشی، چگونه می‌توانی در حال زندگی کنی؟ (Instead of worrying about the future, how can you live in the present?)

یک لیست از چیزهایی که می‌خواهی بجای عادت‌های بدت انجام دهی بنویس. (Write a list of things you want to do instead of your bad habits.)

اگر بجای رئیس‌جمهور بودی، اولین کارت چه بود؟ (If you were the president instead, what would be your first act?)

بجای خریدن چیزهای جدید، چگونه می‌توانی از چیزهای قدیمی استفاده کنی؟ (Instead of buying new things, how can you use old things?)

よくある質問

10 問

It can be both. 'بجای' is the modern contracted form, while 'به جای' is the more traditional and formal way of writing it. Both are correct and used frequently.

Yes, when 'بجای' is followed by a noun or pronoun, you must pronounce the Ezafe (-e). It sounds like 'be-jā-ye'. Without it, the sentence is grammatically incorrect.

'بجای' means 'instead of X' (X is replaced). 'در عوض' means 'instead' as in 'on the other hand' or 'in return'. For example, 'I ate fruit instead of cake' (بجای). 'The cake was gone, but instead, we had fruit' (در عوض).

Yes, you can use it with infinitives (e.g., بجای رفتن) or with 'اینکه' followed by a subjunctive verb (e.g., بجای اینکه بروی).

No, that is 'بجا' (without the 'ye' sound). 'بجا' is an adjective meaning timely or correct. 'بجای' is the preposition.

You say 'بجایِ من' (be-jā-ye man). You can also say 'بجایم' (be-jā-yam), but the first version is much more common.

Yes, it is used in Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajiki), though in Dari, it is almost always written as two words: 'به جای'.

The subjunctive mood (التزامی) follows 'بجای اینکه'. For example: 'بجای اینکه بخوری' (instead of you eating).

Absolutely. It is very common to start a sentence with a 'بجای' phrase to set the context of substitution.

There isn't a single word, but 'همراه با' (along with) or 'علاوه بر' (in addition to) are often used as conceptual opposites.

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