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B1 noun 12分で読める

بوران

buran

練習する例文メモとヒント بوران 30秒で

解説 بوران in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that بوران (Buran) means a very, very bad winter storm. Think of it as 'Snow + Strong Wind + Very Cold.' When it is a Buran, you cannot go outside to play. It is much stronger than just regular snow (برف - barf). You might hear your teacher say, 'Today is a Buran, stay home.' The word is simple to pronounce: 'Boo-Raan.' Just remember it is about winter. You don't see a Buran in the summer. It's the kind of weather that makes everything white and very cold. If you see 'Buran' on a weather app, it means you need a very heavy coat and should probably stay indoors with a hot tea.

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For A2 learners, بوران is an important word for describing the weather in more detail. Instead of just saying 'the weather is bad' (havā bad ast), you can say 'it is a blizzard' (burān ast). You should learn to use it with simple verbs like 'shodan' (to become). For example, 'havā burān shod' (the weather became a blizzard). This word is very common in countries like Iran and Afghanistan during the winter. You will hear it in news reports about roads being closed. It's a noun. You can also use it with 'dar' (in), like 'dar burān māndim' (we stayed/got stuck in the blizzard). It helps you explain why you might be late or why a trip was cancelled.

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At the B1 level, you should understand that بوران is a specific meteorological phenomenon. It's not just any storm; it's a cold, violent wind that carries snow or dust. You should be able to distinguish it from 'tufān' (a general storm) and 'koolāk' (drifting snow). At this level, you can start using adjectives to describe it, such as 'burān-e shadid' (severe blizzard) or 'burān-e sard' (cold blizzard). You should also be familiar with the cultural context—that this word is often used when talking about the mountains in Iran. You might read about it in short stories or hear it in more detailed weather forecasts that discuss visibility (did) and wind speed (sor'at-e bād).

At the B2 level, you are expected to use بوران in more complex sentences and understand its nuances. You should know that it often appears in the 'Ezafe' construction, such as 'shiddat-e burān' (the intensity of the blizzard). You should also be able to use it metaphorically to describe a chaotic situation. For example, 'burān-e moshkelāt' (a blizzard of problems). You should understand the historical and geographic origins of the word, knowing that it relates to the climate of the Central Asian steppes. At this level, you should be comfortable using the verb 'vazidan' (to blow) with 'burān' and understand how it affects transportation and logistics in the region.

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For C1 learners, بوران is a word that appears in high-level literature, academic discussions about climate, and sophisticated news analysis. You should understand the subtle differences between 'burān' and 'صرصر' (sarsar) or other poetic terms for winter winds. You should be able to discuss the impact of a 'Buran' on the economy, agriculture, and regional history. You should also recognize the word in the context of international relations or history, such as the naming of the Soviet space shuttle. Your usage should be precise, and you should be able to describe the sensory experience of a 'Buran' using a wide array of advanced Persian adjectives and idiomatic expressions.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of بوران. You can analyze its use in classical Persian poetry compared to modern journalism. You understand the scientific mechanisms behind the storm—how pressure systems over the Caspian Sea or Siberia create these conditions. You can use the word in any register, from a technical meteorological report to a highly metaphorical literary essay. You are aware of the word's etymological journey from Turkic roots into the Persian lexicon and how it reflects the shared history of the region. You can engage in deep discussions about how the 'Buran' has shaped the architecture, clothing, and lifestyle of people living on the Iranian plateau.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

بوران 30秒で

Buran refers to a severe, cold blizzard with high winds and snow.
The word has Turkic roots and is common in Iran and Central Asia.
It is primarily used to describe dangerous winter weather in mountainous regions.
Grammatically, it is a noun often paired with verbs like 'vazidan' (to blow).

The Persian word بوران (pronounced 'Burān') is a specialized meteorological term that refers to a fierce, cold, and often snow-laden windstorm. While many English speakers might simply translate it as 'blizzard,' the word carries a much more specific geographic and atmospheric weight in the Persian-speaking world, particularly in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. It is not just about falling snow; it is about the violent movement of that snow by high-velocity winds, often resulting in whiteout conditions where visibility drops to near zero. In the high altitudes of the Alborz and Zagros mountains, a Buran is a life-threatening event that can trap travelers and isolate entire villages within minutes. The term is used most frequently during the late autumn and winter months, specifically when discussing weather patterns that originate from the Siberian high-pressure systems or the steppes of the north.

Meteorological Context: A true بوران involves wind speeds exceeding 50 kilometers per hour and temperatures well below freezing, which causes the snow to become fine and powdery, easily whipped into the air.

دیشب در گردنه حیران بوران شدیدی وزید و جاده بسته شد.

Translation: Last night, a severe blizzard (Buran) blew in the Heyran Pass and the road was closed.

Beyond the physical storm, بوران is often associated with the concept of 'biting cold.' In Persian literature and daily speech, it evokes a sense of isolation and the raw power of nature. When you hear this word on the Iranian news (IRIB), it usually precedes warnings for mountain climbers and drivers. It is a word that demands respect and caution. Historically, the word has Turkic and Mongolic roots, reflecting the shared climatic challenges of the Eurasian landmass. It is also interesting to note that the Soviet Union named its space shuttle program 'Buran,' highlighting the word's association with power and the ability to withstand the harshest environments.

Cultural Significance: In the rural regions of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan, the Buran is a character in local folklore, often depicted as a force that tests the endurance and hospitality of the people.

چوپان در میان بوران راه خانه را گم کرد.

Translation: The shepherd lost his way home in the middle of the blizzard.

In modern urban Persian, the word might be used hyperbolically to describe a very cold day with strong winds, even if it isn't a full-scale blizzard. However, its primary use remains within the realm of serious weather events. If you are planning a trip to the Iranian plateau in winter, knowing this word is essential for understanding safety warnings and regional weather forecasts. It is a noun that describes both the wind and the snow together as a singular, chaotic event.

Regional Variations: In Dari (Afghanistan), the word is equally common and refers to the same freezing, dust-or-snow-laden winds that sweep across the Hindu Kush.

صدای وحشتناک بوران تمام شب شنیده می‌شد.

Translation: The terrifying sound of the blizzard was heard all night long.

هیچ‌کس نباید در این بوران از خانه خارج شود.

Translation: No one should leave the house in this blizzard.

Using the word بوران correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and the verbs that typically accompany it. In Persian, you don't 'have' a blizzard; rather, a blizzard 'becomes' (shodan), 'takes' (gereftan), or 'blows' (vazidan). The most common construction is 'بوران شد' (it became a blizzard) or 'بوران گرفت' (a blizzard started/took hold). Because it is a phenomenon that happens to the environment, it often serves as the subject of the sentence or the object of a preposition describing the conditions of a place.

Verb Pairings: Common verbs include: وزیدن (to blow), شروع شدن (to start), ادامه داشتن (to continue), and غافلگیر کردن (to surprise).

کوهنوردان در بوران شدید قله دماوند گرفتار شدند.

Translation: The climbers got trapped in a severe blizzard on the peak of Damavand.

When describing the intensity of the storm, you can use adjectives like 'شدید' (severe), 'سهمگین' (fierce/heavy), or 'بی‌امان' (relentless). For instance, 'بورانِ بی‌امان' describes a storm that shows no signs of stopping. If you want to talk about the aftermath, you might say 'پس از بوران' (after the blizzard). The word can also be used in more complex grammatical structures, such as compound nouns. For example, 'برف‌وبوران' (snow and blizzard) is a frequent pairing that emphasizes the combined effect of precipitation and wind.

Sentence Structure: Often used with the preposition 'در' (in) to describe being caught in the storm: 'در بوران ماندن' (to be stuck in the blizzard).

هواشناسی درباره وقوع بوران در مناطق شمالی هشدار داد.

Translation: The weather service warned about the occurrence of a blizzard in northern regions.

In a more literary or formal context, بوران can be used metaphorically to describe a chaotic or difficult period in life or politics. For example, 'بورانِ حوادث' (the blizzard of events) refers to a sequence of overwhelming and cold-hearted incidents. This usage is less common in everyday speech but adds a layer of depth to your Persian vocabulary. When speaking, pay attention to the stress on the last syllable: bu-RĀN. This gives the word its characteristic weight and finality.

Negative Connotations: The word is almost always negative or cautionary. You wouldn't say 'I enjoyed the Buran' unless you were being extremely sarcastic or are a fan of extreme survival.

با شروع بوران، دید رانندگان به کمتر از ده متر رسید.

Translation: With the start of the blizzard, drivers' visibility reached less than ten meters.

آیا می‌توانی در این بوران بیرون بروی؟

Translation: Can you go outside in this blizzard?

The word بوران is most prominently featured in four main areas of Persian life: news broadcasts, mountaineering communities, classical and modern literature, and regional dialects of the colder provinces. If you tune into the weather forecast on Iranian television during January, you are almost certain to hear the meteorologist mention 'کولاک و بوران' (Koolāk and Burān) in the northwest. This phrase is the standard way to describe dangerous winter conditions. In these reports, the focus is on road closures, especially in high-altitude passes like 'Gardan-e Heyran' or 'Gardan-e Gaduk.' For the average Iranian, hearing this word on the news is a signal to cancel travel plans or prepare for power outages in remote areas.

News & Media: Used in headlines like: 'بوران و برف سنگین در راه است' (Heavy snow and blizzard are on the way).

گزارشگر گفت که بوران تا فردا ادامه خواهد داشت.

Translation: The reporter said that the blizzard will continue until tomorrow.

In the world of mountaineering and outdoor sports, بوران is a technical reality. Iran has many peaks over 4,000 meters, and climbers often share stories of surviving a 'Buran' near the summit. Here, the word is used with a sense of awe and terror. It signifies the point where skill must be matched by endurance. You will find this word frequently in mountaineering blogs, magazines, and social media posts by hikers who venture into the Alborz mountains. It is also a staple of Persian literature. From the epic poems of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, where winter is often personified as a harsh warrior, to modern novels like those of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, the 'Buran' serves as a backdrop for human struggle against the elements.

Regional Usage: In provinces like Ardabil or Zanjan, locals use the word more casually because it is a more frequent part of their winter experience.

پدربزرگم همیشه از بورانهای سخت قدیم تعریف می‌کند.

Translation: My grandfather always tells stories about the harsh blizzards of the old days.

Finally, you will encounter the word in historical and scientific documentaries. Because the 'Buran' is a phenomenon that affects the entire Central Asian steppe, it is often discussed in the context of the history of the Silk Road and the movement of tribes. It is a word that connects the modern Iranian weather forecast to the ancient environmental challenges of the region. Whether it is a shepherd in the 12th century or a truck driver in the 21st, the 'Buran' remains a shared linguistic marker of the harshness of the continental climate.

Social Media: Search for #بوران on Instagram or Twitter during the winter to see dramatic videos of snowstorms in Iran.

فیلم‌های بوران امروز در فضای مجازی پربازدید شده است.

Translation: The videos of today's blizzard have gone viral on social media.

به دلیل بوران، پروازها لغو شدند.

Translation: Due to the blizzard, flights were cancelled.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with the word بوران is confusing it with the word بورانی (Borāni). While they sound identical in their first two syllables, they belong to entirely different worlds. Borāni is a popular Persian dish made with yogurt and vegetables (usually spinach or eggplant). Imagine the confusion if you told your Iranian host that you 'got stuck in a spinach yogurt' (در بورانی ماندم) instead of a blizzard (در بوران ماندم)! Always remember that the weather term ends abruptly with the 'n' sound, while the food term ends with a long 'i' sound.

Buran vs. Koolak: Another common confusion is between بوران and کولاک. While they are often used together, they technically refer to different things. Koolāk refers to the swirling of snow that is already on the ground, caused by wind. Buran is the overall storm, usually including falling snow and extreme cold.

اشتباه: من عاشق خوردن بوران هستم! (درست: بورانی)

Translation: Mistake: I love eating blizzard! (Correct: Borani)

Learners also tend to use the verb 'to rain' (baridan) with بوران. While a blizzard involves snow falling, the word بوران itself describes the storm as a whole, so it 'happens' (shodan) or 'blows' (vazidan). Saying 'بوران می‌بارد' is technically awkward; it is better to say 'برف می‌بارد و بوران است' (It is snowing and it's a blizzard) or 'بوران شدیدی در حال وزیدن است' (A severe blizzard is blowing). Additionally, don't use بوران for a simple wind (bād) or a light snow (barf). It is a 'Level 10' weather event. Using it for a light breeze makes you sound overly dramatic.

Register Errors: Using بوران in a tropical or warm context is logically incorrect. It is strictly a cold-weather term.

اشتباه: در تابستان بوران آمد. (درست: طوفان شن یا گرد و غبار)

Translation: Mistake: A blizzard came in summer. (Correct: Sandstorm or dust storm)

A final mistake is neglecting the 'vazidan' (to blow) verb. In English, we say 'there is a blizzard.' In Persian, while you can say 'بوران است', it sounds much more natural and native to describe the action of the wind. Using 'vazidan' shows a higher level of fluency. Also, be careful with the plural. While 'بوران‌ها' exists, we usually use the singular to describe the event, even if it lasts for days. Only use the plural when talking about multiple separate occurrences over a season or history.

Spelling Note: Make sure to use the letter 'و' (vāv) for the 'oo' sound. Writing it as 'بران' changes the meaning entirely or makes it unrecognizable.

دقت کنید: بوران با 'و' نوشته می‌شود، نه 'بُران'.

Translation: Note: Buran is written with 'vav', not as 'Boran' with a short vowel.

در اخبار گفتند بوران است، پس زنجیر چرخ بردار.

Translation: They said on the news it's a blizzard, so take snow chains.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for weather, and knowing the nuances between بوران and its synonyms will greatly enhance your descriptive abilities. The most common alternative is کولاک (Koolāk). While frequently used as a synonym, Koolāk specifically refers to the blinding effect of snow being blown off the ground by strong winds, even if it isn't currently snowing. بوران is broader, encompassing the entire storm system, including the falling snow and the extreme cold. You will often hear them together as 'برف و بوران و کولاک' to describe the ultimate winter nightmare.

Comparison: Buran vs. Tufan: طوفان (Tufān) is a general word for 'storm.' It can be a rainstorm, a dust storm, or a windstorm. بوران is a subset of 'Tufān' that is specifically cold and snowy.

تفاوت بوران و کولاک در این است که بوران معمولاً با بارش برف همراه است.

Translation: The difference between Buran and Koolak is that Buran is usually accompanied by snowfall.

Another related word is صرصر (Sarsar), which is a more literary and archaic term for a very cold, whistling wind. You might encounter this in classical poetry or the Quran. For a general snowstorm without the heavy wind, you would simply use برف سنگین (heavy snow). If you are talking about a storm in the desert, you would use طوفان شن (sandstorm) or ریزگرد (dust particles/smog). Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right word for the right environment. In a mountain setting, بوران is almost always the correct choice for a severe winter storm.

Alternative Phrases: Instead of 'بوران است', you can say 'هوا خیلی خراب است' (The weather is very bad) or 'گرگ‌ومیش است' (It's hazy/blizzardy - literally 'wolf and sheep' visibility).

به جای بوران، گاهی از عبارت 'طوفانِ برف' استفاده می‌شود.

Translation: Instead of 'Buran', sometimes the phrase 'snowstorm' is used.

Lastly, consider the word یخبندان (Yakhbandān), which means 'frost' or 'freezing conditions.' While a بوران often leads to Yakhbandān, the latter refers to the state of the ground and air being frozen, rather than the active storm itself. If the wind is the main feature without snow, you might use بادِ سُرخ (red wind - often used for dry, cold winds) or simply بادِ سَرد. By mastering these synonyms, you can describe the Iranian winter with the precision of a local.

Formal vs. Informal: بوران is acceptable in both registers, but کولاک is slightly more common in casual conversation about winter driving.

امروز هوا فقط سرد نیست، یک بوران واقعی است.

Translation: Today it's not just cold, it's a real blizzard.

آیا این طوفان به بوران تبدیل خواهد شد؟

Translation: Will this storm turn into a blizzard?

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The Soviet space shuttle was named 'Buran' because it was designed to be as powerful and unstoppable as the steppe winds.

発音ガイド

UK /buːˈrɒːn/

US /buˈrɑn/

The stress is on the second syllable: bu-RAN.

韻が合う語

باران (Bārān) توفان (Tufān) ایران (Irān) پایان (Pāyān) سوزان (Suzān) لرزان (Larzān) گریان (Geryān) خندان (Khandān)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it like 'Baran' (rain).
Making the first 'u' too short like 'buck'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the final 'n' with 'ni'.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' like in Spanish.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize once you know the root.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct use of 'vav' and 'alef'.

スピーキング 3/5

Distinguishing from 'Baran' and 'Borani' is the main challenge.

リスニング 4/5

Can be missed in fast speech or confused with synonyms.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

برف باد سرد طوفان زمستان

次に学ぶ

کولاک یخبندان گردنه هواشناسی امداد

上級

صرصر توده هوا جبهه سرد فشار جو اقلیم

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe Construction

بورانِ سرد (The cold blizzard)

Indefinite 'i'

بورانی آمد (A blizzard came)

Compound Nouns

برف‌وبوران (Snow and blizzard)

Passive Voice

جاده بر اثر بوران بسته شد (The road was closed due to the blizzard)

Subjunctive with Modals

باید از بوران فرار کنیم (We must flee from the blizzard)

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レベル別の例文

امروز بوران است.

Today is a blizzard.

Simple 'noun + verb to be' structure.

من در بوران بیرون نمی‌روم.

I do not go out in the blizzard.

Use of 'dar' (in) as a preposition.

بوران خیلی سرد است.

The blizzard is very cold.

Adjective 'sard' modifying the noun.

برف و بوران را دوست ندارم.

I don't like snow and blizzards.

Compound subject using 'va' (and).

آیا این بوران است؟

Is this a blizzard?

Question form.

بوران سفید است.

The blizzard is white.

Simple descriptive sentence.

مادرم گفت: بوران خطرناک است.

My mother said: the blizzard is dangerous.

Direct quote structure.

گربه از بوران می‌ترسد.

The cat is afraid of the blizzard.

Verb 'tarsidan' with the preposition 'az'.

دیروز هوا ناگهان بوران شد.

Yesterday the weather suddenly became a blizzard.

Use of the adverb 'nāgahān' (suddenly).

ما به خاطر بوران به مدرسه نرفتیم.

We didn't go to school because of the blizzard.

Compound preposition 'be khāter-e' (because of).

بوران شدیدی در کوهستان شروع شد.

A severe blizzard started in the mountains.

Indefinite 'i' on 'shadid' (severe).

آیا در شهر شما هم بوران می‌آید؟

Does it also blizzard in your city?

Using 'āmadan' (to come) for weather.

ماشین در میان بوران ماند.

The car got stuck in the middle of the blizzard.

Prepositional phrase 'dar miyān-e'.

بوران تمام شب ادامه داشت.

The blizzard continued all night.

Verb 'edāme dāshtan' (to continue).

او لباس گرم برای بوران ندارد.

He doesn't have warm clothes for the blizzard.

Preposition 'barāye' (for).

صدای بوران خیلی بلند بود.

The sound of the blizzard was very loud.

Ezafe construction linking 'sedā' and 'burān'.

هواشناسی هشدار داد که بوران در راه است.

The weather service warned that a blizzard is on the way.

Subordinate clause starting with 'ke'.

به دلیل بوران و کولاک، جاده‌های شمال بسته شدند.

Due to blizzard and drifting snow, the northern roads were closed.

Passive voice 'baste shodan'.

کوهنوردان باید قبل از شروع بوران به پناهگاه برسند.

Climbers must reach the shelter before the blizzard starts.

Modal verb 'bāyad' with subjunctive.

بوران دید رانندگان را به شدت کاهش داد.

The blizzard severely reduced the drivers' visibility.

Object marker 'rā' after 'did-e rānandegān'.

در این منطقه، بوران‌های زمستانی بسیار مشهور هستند.

In this region, winter blizzards are very famous.

Plural noun 'burānhā'.

او با وجود بوران، سعی کرد به مقصد برسد.

Despite the blizzard, he tried to reach the destination.

Conjunction 'bā vojud-e' (despite).

شدت بوران به قدری بود که درختان شکستند.

The intensity of the blizzard was such that the trees broke.

Result clause 'be ghadri bud ke'.

بدون تجهیزات کافی، مقابله با بوران غیرممکن است.

Without sufficient equipment, facing a blizzard is impossible.

Gerund-like use of 'moghābele' (facing/confronting).

بوران سهمگینی که از سیبری آمده بود، کل منطقه را فرا گرفت.

The fierce blizzard that had come from Siberia engulfed the entire region.

Relative clause with past perfect 'āmde bud'.

امدادگران در تلاش هستند تا در میان بوران به آسیب‌دیدگان کمک کنند.

Rescuers are trying to help the victims in the middle of the blizzard.

Progressive tense 'dar talāsh hastand'.

هیچ‌کس تصور نمی‌کرد که این طوفان ساده به بورانی چنین مخرب تبدیل شود.

No one imagined that this simple storm would turn into such a destructive blizzard.

Use of 'chenin' (such/this kind of).

در ادبیات فارسی، بوران گاهی نمادی از سختی‌های روزگار است.

In Persian literature, the blizzard is sometimes a symbol of life's hardships.

Abstract usage of the noun.

بر اثر بوران، خطوط انتقال برق در بسیاری از روستاها قطع شد.

As a result of the blizzard, power lines were cut in many villages.

Prepositional phrase 'bar asar-e' (as a result of).

آیا می‌دانستید که نام فضاپیمای شوروی از کلمه بوران گرفته شده است؟

Did you know that the name of the Soviet spacecraft was taken from the word Buran?

Passive construction 'gerofte shode ast'.

بوران‌های پیاپی باعث شد که کشاورزان محصولات خود را از دست بدهند.

Successive blizzards caused the farmers to lose their crops.

Adjective 'payāpay' (successive).

او در نوشته‌هایش، تنهایی خود را به بورانی بی‌پایان تشبیه کرده است.

In his writings, he has likened his loneliness to an endless blizzard.

Verb 'tashbih kardan' (to liken/compare).

پدیده بوران در دشت‌های مرکزی آسیا با ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فردی همراه است.

The phenomenon of Buran in the central plains of Asia is accompanied by unique characteristics.

Technical/Scientific register.

تقابل توده‌های هوای سرد و گرم منجر به شکل‌گیری این بوران ویرانگر گشت.

The confrontation of cold and warm air masses led to the formation of this devastating blizzard.

Formal verb 'gasht' instead of 'shod'.

در متون کهن، از بوران به عنوان یکی از بلایای آسمانی یاد شده است.

In ancient texts, Buran is mentioned as one of the celestial calamities.

Formal phrase 'yād shode ast'.

تغییرات اقلیمی ممکن است فراوانی و شدت بوران‌ها را در این منطقه تغییر دهد.

Climate change may alter the frequency and intensity of blizzards in this region.

Academic vocabulary: 'farāvāni' (frequency).

شعر او بازتاب‌دهنده هراس انسان در برابر بوران‌های سهمگین طبیعت است.

His poetry reflects human fear in the face of nature's fierce blizzards.

Compound adjective 'bāztāb-dahande' (reflecting).

دولت برای مقابله با بحران‌های ناشی از بوران، بودجه ویژه‌ای اختصاص داد.

The government allocated a special budget to deal with crises resulting from the blizzard.

Administrative register: 'ekhtesās dād'.

بررسی‌های تاریخی نشان می‌دهد که بوران‌های بزرگ مسیر مهاجرت اقوام را تغییر داده‌اند.

Historical studies show that great blizzards have changed the migration routes of tribes.

Complex subject-verb agreement.

او با مهارتی ستودنی، کشتی را از میان بوران و طوفان به ساحل رساند.

With praiseworthy skill, he brought the ship to shore through the blizzard and storm.

Adjective 'setudani' (praiseworthy).

گستره نفوذ بوران‌های سیبریایی تا اعماق فلات ایران، گویای پیچیدگی‌های اقلیمی این مرز و بوم است.

The extent of the influence of Siberian blizzards to the depths of the Iranian plateau speaks to the climatic complexities of this land.

High-level literary and geographical vocabulary.

در سپیده‌دم تاریخ، بوران نه تنها یک پدیده جوی، بلکه آزمونی برای بقای تمدن‌ها تلقی می‌شد.

At the dawn of history, the Buran was considered not just an atmospheric phenomenon, but a test for the survival of civilizations.

Philosophical/Historical register.

نویسنده با استفاده از استعاره بوران، سردی و انجماد روابط انسانی در جوامع مدرن را به نقد می‌کشد.

The author, using the metaphor of the blizzard, criticizes the coldness and freezing of human relations in modern societies.

Literary analysis register.

تحلیل‌های سینوپتیک حاکی از آن است که این بوران محصول یک فرود ناگهانی در تراز میانی جو بوده است.

Synoptic analyses indicate that this blizzard was the product of a sudden trough in the mid-levels of the atmosphere.

Technical meteorological terminology.

در شاهنامه، توصیف بوران‌های کوهستان با چنان جزئیاتی همراه است که گویی شاعر خود در میان آن‌ها زیسته است.

In the Shahnameh, the description of mountain blizzards is accompanied by such detail that it is as if the poet himself lived among them.

Literary criticism.

انعطاف‌پذیری جوامع محلی در برابر بوران‌های ویرانگر، ریشه در دانش بومی و تجربیات هزارساله دارد.

The resilience of local communities against destructive blizzards is rooted in indigenous knowledge and millennial experiences.

Sociological/Anthropological vocabulary.

بوران، این واژه کهن، چونان پلی میان زبان‌های اوراسیایی، حکایتگر پیوندهای دیرین فرهنگی است.

Buran, this ancient word, like a bridge between Eurasian languages, tells the story of long-standing cultural ties.

Etymological and poetic reflection.

هرچند تکنولوژی پیشرفت کرده، اما هنوز هم در برابر قهر بوران‌های قطبی، بشر خود را ناتوان می‌یابد.

Although technology has advanced, humans still find themselves powerless against the wrath of polar blizzards.

Concessive clause starting with 'harchand'.

類義語

کولاک طوفان برف صرصر توفان بادِ سَرد دمه برف‌وباد یخبندان

反対語

آرامش نسیم هوای آفتابی گرمای ملایم

よく使う組み合わせ

بوران شدید

گرفتار شدن در بوران

شروع بوران

بوران سهمگین

هشدار بوران

برف و بوران

بوران بی‌امان

صدای بوران

پس از بوران

در میان بوران

よく使うフレーズ

بوران گرفت

— A blizzard started suddenly.

ناگهان بوران گرفت و ترسیدیم.

هوا بورانی است

— The weather is blizzard-like.

امروز هوا بورانی است، بیرون نرو.

در بوران ماندن

— To be stuck or stranded in a blizzard.

دیشب در بوران جاده ماندیم.

بوران کردن

— To act like a blizzard (often used for intense wind).

باد دارد بوران می‌کند.

از بوران گذشتن

— To pass through or survive a blizzard.

ما به سختی از بوران گذشتیم.

بورانِ برف

— A snow blizzard (redundant but common).

بورانِ برف تمام دشت را پوشاند.

وحشتِ بوران

— The terror of the blizzard.

وحشتِ بوران در دل همه بود.

مقابله با بوران

— Dealing with or fighting against a blizzard.

تجهیزات برای مقابله با بوران لازم است.

بورانِ سرد

— A cold blizzard.

بورانِ سردی از شمال می‌وزد.

پایان بوران

— The end of the blizzard.

همه منتظر پایان بوران بودند.

よく混同される語

بوران vs بورانی

A yogurt dish. Don't eat a blizzard!

بوران vs باران

Rain. One is liquid, the other is a frozen storm.

بوران vs بُران

Sharp/Cutting. Though a blizzard is 'cutting,' this is an adjective.

慣用句と表現

"مثل بوران آمدن"

— To arrive suddenly and forcefully, like a storm.

او مثل بوران آمد و همه چیز را تغییر داد.

Informal

"در بوران حوادث"

— Being in the middle of many difficult problems.

او در بوران حوادث تنها ماند.

Literary

"بوران به پا کردن"

— To cause a great commotion or trouble.

با حرف‌هایش بورانی به پا کرد.

Informal/Slang

"دلش مثل بوران است"

— To be very cold-hearted or chaotic inside.

دلش مثل بوران سرد شده است.

Poetic

"بورانِ خشم"

— A blizzard of anger; intense, cold rage.

بورانِ خشم در چشمانش دیده می‌شد.

Literary

"از بوران نترسیدن"

— To be very brave in the face of extreme hardship.

او کسی است که از بوران نمی‌ترسد.

General

"بورانِ کلمات"

— An overwhelming amount of words or talking.

او با بورانِ کلماتش مرا گیج کرد.

Metaphorical

"مثلِ بوران گذشتن"

— To pass by very quickly and intensely.

جوانی‌اش مثل بوران گذشت.

Poetic

"بورانِ تنهایی"

— The coldness of extreme loneliness.

در بوران تنهایی گرفتار شده بود.

Literary

"سپر در برابر بوران"

— A protection against harsh difficulties.

صبر، سپر او در برابر بورانِ زندگی بود.

Formal

間違えやすい

بوران vs کولاک

Both involve wind and snow.

Koolak is specifically swirling snow on the ground; Buran is the whole storm system.

کولاک دید را صفر کرد، اما بوران همه جا را دفن کرد.

بوران vs طوفان

Both are storms.

Tufan is general (rain, dust, wind); Buran is only cold/snowy.

طوفان شن در کویر است، اما بوران در کوهستان.

بوران vs برف

Both involve white precipitation.

Barf is just snow; Buran is snow plus violent wind and extreme cold.

برف می‌بارد (It's snowing) vs. بوران است (It's a blizzard).

بوران vs تگرگ

Both are frozen precipitation.

Tagarg is hail (ice balls); Buran is a windstorm with fine snow.

تگرگ ماشین را خراب کرد، اما بوران جاده را بست.

بوران vs سرمای خشک

Both are very cold.

Sarmaye khoshk is just cold air without the wind and snow of a Buran.

امروز فقط سرمای خشک است، بوران نداریم.

文型パターン

امروز [Weather] است.

امروز بوران است.

[Place] بوران شد.

تبریز بوران شد.

به دلیل [Weather]، [Result].

به دلیل بوران، جاده بسته است.

[Person] در [Weather] گرفتار شد.

او در بوران گرفتار شد.

با شروع [Weather]، [Action].

با شروع بوران، دید رانندگان کم شد.

پدیده [Weather] ناشی از [Cause] است.

پدیده بوران ناشی از توده هوای سرد است.

[Subject] نمادی از [Concept] است.

بوران نمادی از سختی است.

هرچند [Weather] سهمگین بود، اما [Outcome].

هرچند بوران سهمگین بود، اما آن‌ها نجات یافتند.

語族

名詞

بوران (Blizzard)

برف‌وبوران (Snow and Blizzard)

動詞

بوران گرفتن (To start blizzarding)

بوران کردن (To blizzard/blow fiercely)

形容詞

بورانی (Blizzard-like/Stormy)

بوران‌زده (Blizzard-stricken)

使い方

frequency

High during winter, rare in other seasons.

よくある間違い

Using 'Baridan' (to rain) with Buran. → Using 'Vazidan' (to blow) or 'Shodan' (to become).
Buran is a storm event, not just the falling precipitation.
Confusing Buran with Borani. → Buran (blizzard) vs. Borani (yogurt dish).
This is a classic 'false friend' for learners because of the similar spelling.
Using Buran for a light wind. → Use 'Bad' or 'Nasim'.
Buran is a very high-intensity word. Using it for a breeze is incorrect.
Misspelling as 'Boran' (short vowel). → Buran (with vav).
The 'oo' sound is essential for the meaning and pronunciation.
Thinking Buran only happens in Russia. → Buran happens across Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia.
It is a regional term, not just limited to one country.

ヒント

Intensity

Always add 'shadid' (severe) to Buran to emphasize how dangerous the weather is.

Verb Choice

Use 'vazidan' (to blow) to sound more like a native speaker when describing the wind's action.

Geography

Associate Buran with the 'Alborz' and 'Zagros' mountains for the correct mental context.

Final Sound

Make sure the final 'n' is clear and doesn't turn into an 'ee' sound.

Compound Form

Use 'برف و بوران' as a single concept to describe heavy winter weather in essays.

Warning

If you see 'بوران' in a weather forecast, do not travel to mountainous areas without chains and supplies.

Origins

Knowing it comes from Central Asia helps you remember it's a storm of the 'plains' and 'passes'.

The Boot Rain

Remember: BOOT + RAIN = BURAN. You need boots for this kind of rain!

News Keywords

Listen for 'ekhtelāl' (disruption) and 'burān' together in news reports.

Koolak

Use 'Koolak' if you want to emphasize the blinding snow, and 'Buran' for the whole storm.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'BOOT' (bu) in the 'RAIN' (ran). When it's a BURAN, you need your boots because it's raining snow and wind!

視覚的連想

Imagine a white wall of snow where you can't see your own hand. That 'white-out' is the Buran.

Word Web

Snow Wind Cold Danger Mountains Winter Visibility White

チャレンジ

Try to describe the coldest day you've ever experienced using the word 'بوران' to an Iranian friend.

語源

The word originates from the Turkic languages (Old Turkic 'boran'), which was later adopted into Persian and Russian. It describes the specific storms of the Eurasian steppes.

元の意味： Whirling storm or violent wind.

Turkic (Altaic) influence on Indo-Iranian.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but use it seriously as it implies a dangerous situation.

English speakers often just say 'blizzard,' but 'Buran' specifically implies the dry, dusty, or icy wind of the Eurasian interior.

The Soviet Buran Space Shuttle Ferdowsi's descriptions of winter in the Shahnameh Modern Iranian news reports on the Heyran Pass

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Mountain Climbing

بوران در قله
پناه گرفتن
کیسه خواب
دمای زیر صفر

Driving in Winter

زنجیر چرخ
دید کم
جاده بسته
پلیس راه

Watching News

هشدار قرمز
سازمان هواشناسی
بارش سنگین
آماده‌باش

Literature

سرمای استخوان‌سوز
سپیدی مطلق
خشم طبیعت
تنهایی

History/Geography

دشت‌های آسیا
بادهای سیبری
مسیرهای باستانی
بقای انسان

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال در بوران گیر کرده‌ای؟ (Have you ever been stuck in a blizzard?)"

"در شهر شما بوران زیاد اتفاق می‌افتد؟ (Do blizzards happen often in your city?)"

"به نظر تو بوران زیباتر است یا باران؟ (Do you think a blizzard is more beautiful or rain?)"

"برای مقابله با بوران چه تجهیزاتی لازم است؟ (What equipment is needed to face a blizzard?)"

"خاطره‌ای از یک روز بورانی داری؟ (Do you have a memory of a blizzardy day?)"

日記のテーマ

توصیف کنید که اگر در یک بوران شدید در کوهستان تنها بودید، چه حسی داشتید.

تفاوت‌های بین یک روز برفی معمولی و یک روز بورانی را بنویسید.

چگونه یک بوران می‌تواند زندگی مردم یک روستا را تغییر دهد؟

درباره اهمیت هشدار‌های هواشناسی در زمان بوران بنویسید.

یک داستان کوتاه درباره چوپانی بنویسید که در بوران راهش را گم کرده است.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, it is used in Persian, though it originally comes from Turkic roots. It has been part of the Persian language for centuries.

The most accurate word is 'Buran' (بوران). You can also use 'Koolak' (کولاک) or 'Tufan-e barf' (طوفان برف).

Yes, extremely. It causes zero visibility and life-threatening cold, especially in the mountains of Iran and Afghanistan.

Technically, some definitions include dust-laden winds, but in modern Persian, it almost exclusively refers to snowstorms. Use 'Tufan-e shan' for sandstorms.

Buran is a blizzard (noun). Borani is a yogurt-based appetizer (noun). They are pronounced differently at the end.

Rarely in the city center, but the northern parts of Tehran (near the mountains) can experience Buran-like conditions in winter.

The most common verbs are 'vazidan' (to blow), 'gereftan' (to take/start), and 'shodan' (to become).

Yes, many classical and modern poets use it to symbolize the harshness of fate or the coldness of a lover's heart.

Yes, the Russian word 'Буран' is borrowed from the same Turkic source and means the same thing.

It is written as 'ب-و-ر-ا-ن' (بوران).

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