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B2 adverb 9分で読める

بی گمان

例文 メモとヒント بی گمان 30秒で
解説 بی گمان in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting your Persian journey. You might not use 'bi-goman' yourself yet, as it is a bit advanced. However, it is good to know that it is a fancy way of saying 'yes, for sure' or 'certainly.' If you see this word in a book, just think of it as a very strong 'Yes.' It is made of 'bi' (without) and 'goman' (doubt). So, 'without doubt.' You can use the simpler word 'hatman' for now, but remember 'bi-goman' is the 'king' of certain words. It shows you are very sure about something. For example, 'Bi-goman man sib mikhoram' (Undoubtedly, I eat an apple). It sounds a bit funny at this level because it is so formal, like a king talking about his fruit!
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As an A2 learner, you are building more complex sentences. You can start recognizing 'bi-goman' in short stories or news headlines. It is an adverb, which means it describes how something is happening—in this case, with 100% certainty. You might notice it at the start of sentences. Try to remember it as a more 'polite' or 'educated' version of 'hatman.' When you want to tell your teacher that you definitely did your homework, you could use 'bi-goman' to sound very serious and respectful. It is a great word to have in your passive vocabulary even if you prefer using easier words when speaking.
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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate Persian. You should start using 'bi-goman' in your writing to improve your style. Instead of always using 'ghat'an' or 'hatman,' try 'bi-goman' when you are writing an essay or a formal letter. It adds a literary 'shine' to your work. You should understand that this word is not just for facts, but for opinions you feel very strongly about. For example, 'Bi-goman, farsi zibā-tarin zabān ast' (Undoubtedly, Persian is the most beautiful language). At this level, you should also be careful not to use it in very casual text messages, as it might sound like you are trying too hard to be formal.
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At B2, you are expected to understand the nuances of register. 'Bi-goman' is a B2-level word because it requires an understanding of formal vs. informal Persian. You should use it to construct arguments in debates or to write analytical pieces. You should be able to place it correctly in different parts of the sentence—either at the beginning for emphasis or before the verb for a smoother flow. You should also recognize it in classical poetry and modern editorials, understanding that the author is using it to establish authority. It is a key word for anyone wanting to pass upper-intermediate proficiency exams.
For C1 learners, 'bi-goman' should be a natural part of your high-level discourse. You should be able to distinguish it from 'yaghinan' (which is more about internal certainty) and 'mosallaman' (which is more about logical admission). You can use 'bi-goman' to weave complex narratives or to provide deep commentary on social issues. At this level, you might also use it rhetorically to challenge an opponent's view by asserting your own 'undoubted' truth. You should be comfortable with its historical roots and how its usage has evolved from the Shahnameh to modern political speeches.
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At the C2 level, you have mastered the Persian language. 'Bi-goman' is a tool for stylistic precision. You use it not just for certainty, but to evoke a specific cultural and historical atmosphere. You understand that in the hands of a master writer, 'bi-goman' can be used to create a sense of destiny or inevitability in a story. You can analyze its use in classical texts compared to modern prose and discuss how it contributes to the 'vazn' (weight) of a sentence. For you, 'bi-goman' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a piece of the Persian soul that you use to express the deepest convictions of the human experience.
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例文 メモとヒント

بی گمان 30秒で

  • Bi-goman means 'undoubtedly' and is used to express 100% certainty in formal Persian.
  • It is a compound of 'bi' (without) and 'goman' (doubt), making it easy to remember.
  • This word is most common in literature, news, and academic writing rather than street slang.
  • Using it correctly adds elegance and authority to your Persian speech and writing.

The Persian adverb بی‌گمان (Bi-goman) is a sophisticated and powerful tool in the Persian language used to express absolute certainty. Rooted in the rich linguistic history of Iran, this word translates directly to 'without doubt' or 'undoubtedly.' It is composed of the prefix bi- (meaning 'without') and the noun goman (meaning 'doubt,' 'suspicion,' or 'supposition'). When you use this word, you are not just saying that something is likely; you are asserting that there is no room for questioning the truth of your statement. It carries a weight that simpler words like hatman (certainly) sometimes lack, often appearing in literature, formal speeches, and high-level journalism.

Linguistic Register
This word is predominantly formal and literary. While you might hear it in intellectual conversations among friends, it is most common in written Persian, such as academic papers, news editorials, and classical poetry. It signals a level of education and eloquence in the speaker.

بی‌گمان فردا باران خواهد بارید.
(Bi-goman fardā bārān khāhad bārid.)
Undoubtedly, it will rain tomorrow.

In everyday spoken Persian, people might opt for sad-dar-sad (one hundred percent) or shak nakon (don't doubt it), but bi-goman remains the gold standard for formal conviction. It is often used to introduce a logical conclusion or a deeply held belief. For example, if a historian is discussing the impact of a certain event, they might start a sentence with bi-goman to show that the evidence is overwhelming.

Structural Analysis
The prefix 'bi-' is extremely productive in Persian, similar to the English suffix '-less'. 'Goman' comes from Middle Persian 'gumān'. Together, they create an adverb that functions as a sentence modifier, usually appearing at the very beginning to set the tone of certainty for everything that follows.

بی‌گمان او بهترین انتخاب برای این شغل است.
(Bi-goman u behtarin entekhāb barāye in shoghl ast.)
Without a doubt, he is the best choice for this job.

Understanding the nuance of bi-goman involves recognizing that it isn't just about facts; it's about the speaker's stance. It is a word of conviction. When a poet uses it, they are bridging the gap between the physical world and the world of ideals. In modern Iranian media, you will see it used to emphasize political or social certainties, often to sway public opinion or provide a definitive analysis of current affairs.

Historical Context
The word has remained virtually unchanged for over a millennium. You can find it in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, where it is used by kings and heroes to express their resolve. This historical pedigree is why the word still feels 'heavy' and 'significant' to modern ears.

Mastering the placement of بی‌گمان (Bi-goman) is key to sounding natural. In Persian, adverbs of certainty are quite flexible, but their position changes the emphasis of the sentence. Most commonly, bi-goman is placed at the beginning of the sentence to act as a frame for the entire thought. This is the most formal and impactful position.

Sentence-Initial Position
When placed first, it signals to the listener that the upcoming statement is an absolute truth. Example: 'Bi-goman, in safar tajrobe-ye bozorgi khāhad bud' (Undoubtedly, this trip will be a great experience).

بی‌گمان، این کتاب زندگی شما را تغییر می‌دهد.
(Bi-goman, in ketāb zendegi-ye shomā rā taghyir midahad.)
Undoubtedly, this book will change your life.

Another common position is right before the verb or the predicate. This places the emphasis specifically on the action or the quality being described. For instance, saying 'In ghazā bi-goman khoshmaze ast' (This food is undoubtedly delicious) focuses the certainty on the taste of the food rather than the existence of the food itself.

Pre-Verbal Position
Placing the adverb before the verb makes the sentence feel more integrated and slightly less dramatic than starting with it. It is very common in descriptive prose. Example: 'U bi-goman mi-āyad' (He is undoubtedly coming).

ایران بی‌گمان کشوری با تاریخ کهن است.
(Irān bi-goman keshvari bā tārikhe kohan ast.)
Iran is undoubtedly a country with ancient history.

It is important to note that bi-goman does not trigger any specific grammatical changes in the verb, unlike some other mood-setting words. The verb remains in its usual indicative or future tense. However, because it is a 'strong' word, it is rarely used with the subjunctive mood, which is reserved for doubt and possibility.

Usage with Negative Verbs
You can use 'bi-goman' with negative verbs to express that something 'undoubtedly is not' the case. Example: 'Bi-goman u dorough nemi-guyad' (Undoubtedly, he is not lying).

این تصمیم بی‌گمان آسان نبود.
(In tasmim bi-goman āsān nabud.)
This decision was undoubtedly not easy.

If you are walking through a busy bazaar in Tehran, you might not hear بی‌گمان (Bi-goman) as often as you would hear hatman or ghat'an. However, the moment you turn on the evening news, open a literary magazine, or attend a university lecture, bi-goman becomes a staple. It is the language of the Iranian intelligentsia and the formal state apparatus. It provides a sense of authority and intellectual rigor to the speaker's claims.

In Literature and Poetry
From the classical verses of Rumi and Hafez to modern poets like Ahmad Shamlou, 'bi-goman' is used to anchor abstract concepts in reality. It is a word that bridges the gap between the seen and the unseen, asserting a truth that transcends physical evidence.

بی‌گمان عشق راه نجات است.
(Bi-goman eshgh rāhe nejāt ast.)
Undoubtedly, love is the way of salvation.

In modern Iranian cinema, particularly in dramas that deal with ethical or legal dilemmas, characters who are highly educated or in positions of power (like judges, doctors, or professors) will use bi-goman to show their confidence. It is a linguistic marker of social status and education. If a character uses this word, the audience immediately perceives them as serious and perhaps a bit formal.

In News and Documentaries
Documentary narrators love this word. It helps them present historical facts or scientific discoveries with a sense of finality. 'Bi-goman, in kashf jahān rā takān dād' (Undoubtedly, this discovery shook the world).

بی‌گمان، این یکی از مهم‌ترین رویدادهای سال بود.
(Bi-goman, in yaki az mohemm-tarin ruyedād-hāye sāl bud.)
Undoubtedly, this was one of the most important events of the year.

Social media has also seen a resurgence of bi-goman. Influencers and bloggers who want to sound more 'deep' or 'literary' in their captions will often use it instead of more colloquial alternatives. It adds a touch of 'class' to a digital post, making the content feel more curated and thoughtful. If you are reading a Persian blog post about travel, art, or philosophy, you will bi-goman encounter this word multiple times.

While بی‌گمان (Bi-goman) is a powerful word, it is easy for learners to misuse it in ways that sound unnatural to native speakers. The most common mistake is using it in a register that is too casual. Imagine using the word 'henceforth' or 'verily' while ordering a pizza—it sounds out of place. Similarly, using bi-goman in a casual street conversation can sound overly dramatic or even slightly sarcastic.

Register Mismatch
Mistake: Using 'bi-goman' with slang or very informal verbs. Correction: Stick to 'hatman' or 'ghat'an' for daily chores and casual plans.

❌ بی‌گمان میام پیتزا می‌خوریم.
(Bi-goman miyām pizza mikhorim.)
✅ حتماً میام پیتزا می‌خوریم.
(Hatman miyām pizza mikhorim.)

Another common error involves the spelling and pronunciation. Some learners confuse goman (doubt) with zaman (time) or gām (step). It is vital to remember the 'G' sound at the beginning. Also, in written Persian, bi-goman is often written with a 'half-space' (Zunj) between the 'bi' and the 'goman'. Writing them as one word without a space is acceptable in some contexts but less professional.

Over-Reliance on 'Bi-goman'
Learners often find a 'cool' word and use it for everything. If you use 'bi-goman' for every fact, you lose the ability to show varying degrees of certainty. Use 'shāyad' for 'maybe', 'ehtemālan' for 'probably', and 'bi-goman' only for the absolute truths.

❌ بی‌گمان شاید باران بیاید.
(Bi-goman shāyad bārān biyāyad.)
This is a logical contradiction: 'Undoubtedly maybe it will rain.'

Finally, avoid using it with the subjunctive mood unless you are being extremely rhetorical. The subjunctive is the mood of 'possibility,' while bi-goman is the adverb of 'certainty.' They are like oil and water in a sentence. Stick to the indicative mood to maintain logical consistency in your Persian speech.

Persian is a language rich in synonyms, and expressing certainty is no exception. While بی‌گمان (Bi-goman) is your best choice for literary and formal contexts, you should be aware of its siblings to choose the right 'flavor' for your sentence. The most common alternative is hatman, which is versatile and used in almost every situation from casual to semi-formal.

Bi-goman vs. Hatman
'Hatman' is the workhorse of certainty. It's direct and common. 'Bi-goman' is the elegant elder sibling—more formal, more literary, and carries a sense of timeless truth.

حتماً بیا! (Hatman biyā!) - Certainly come! (Casual/Common)
بی‌گمان او خواهد آمد. (Bi-goman u khāhad āmad.) - Undoubtedly he will come. (Formal/Literary)

Another close relative is ghat'an (definitely). This word is of Arabic origin and is very common in official documents and news reports. It feels slightly more 'legalistic' or 'logical' than the poetic bi-goman. If you are stating a hard fact or a scientific result, ghat'an might be more appropriate. Bedun-e shak (without a doubt) is a literal equivalent of the English phrase and is used frequently in both spoken and written Persian.

Comparison Table
  • بی‌شک (Bi-shak): Very similar to bi-goman, but slightly more modern.
  • یقیناً (Yaghinan): Highly formal, often used in religious or philosophical contexts.
  • مسلماً (Mosallaman): Means 'admittedly' or 'certainly,' often used to concede a point.

مسلماً این پروژه زمان‌بر است.
(Mosallaman in proje zamān-bar ast.)
Admittedly/Certainly, this project is time-consuming.

Finally, for those looking for a very strong, almost aggressive certainty, the phrase shaki dar ān nist (there is no doubt in it) is used. This is the equivalent of saying 'It is an indisputable fact.' Use this sparingly, as it leaves zero room for dialogue. Bi-goman, by contrast, is firm but maintains a level of grace and sophistication that makes it a favorite among writers.

豆知識

In the Zoroastrian text 'Shkand-gumanig Vizar', the word 'guman' is used to describe the 'doubt-dispelling' arguments against other religions. 'Bi-goman' is the ultimate state of having those doubts dispelled.

発音ガイド

UK /biː.ɡoʊ.mɑːn/
US /biː.ɡoʊ.mɑːn/
The primary stress is on the last syllable: bi-go-MAN.
韻が合う語
شادمان (Shādmān) مهربان (Mehrabān) آسمان (Āsemān) قهرمان (Ghahramān) رایگان (Rāyegān) بی‌کران (Bi-karān) ناگهان (Nāgahān) باغبان (Bāghbān)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'goman' as 'zaman' (time).
  • Shortening the final 'a' sound in 'man'.
  • Merging the two words without the slight pause of the half-space.
  • Confusing the 'G' with a 'K' sound.
  • Putting stress on the 'bi' instead of the 'man'.
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レベル別の例文

1

بی‌گمان او دوست من است.

Undoubtedly he is my friend.

Simple sentence with 'bi-goman' at the start.

2

بی‌گمان این سیب قرمز است.

Undoubtedly this apple is red.

Using certainty for a simple physical fact.

3

بی‌گمان فردا شنبه است.

Undoubtedly tomorrow is Saturday.

Using 'bi-goman' for a calendar fact.

4

او بی‌گمان گرسنه است.

He is undoubtedly hungry.

Adverb placed before the adjective.

5

بی‌گمان کتاب روی میز است.

Undoubtedly the book is on the table.

Sentence-initial position.

6

بی‌گمان مادر در خانه است.

Undoubtedly mother is at home.

Expressing certainty about a person's location.

7

این بی‌گمان آب است.

This is undoubtedly water.

Identifying an object with certainty.

8

بی‌گمان هوا گرم است.

Undoubtedly the weather is hot.

Describing weather with certainty.

1

بی‌گمان ما به مدرسه می‌رویم.

Undoubtedly we are going to school.

Present continuous sense with certainty.

2

بی‌گمان او درس می‌خواند.

Undoubtedly he is studying.

Confirming an ongoing action.

3

این فیلم بی‌گمان جالب است.

This movie is undoubtedly interesting.

Adverb modifying the adjective 'jāleb'.

4

بی‌گمان تهران شهر بزرگی است.

Undoubtedly Tehran is a big city.

Stating a well-known fact.

5

بی‌گمان او زبان فارسی بلد است.

Undoubtedly he knows the Persian language.

Certainty about a skill.

6

بی‌گمان فردا تعطیل است.

Undoubtedly tomorrow is a holiday.

Formal announcement style.

7

بی‌گمان این گربه گرسنه است.

Undoubtedly this cat is hungry.

Observation with certainty.

8

او بی‌گمان فردا می‌آید.

He will undoubtedly come tomorrow.

Future certainty.

1

بی‌گمان ورزش برای سلامتی مفید است.

Undoubtedly exercise is useful for health.

General truth statement.

2

بی‌گمان این بهترین راه حل است.

Undoubtedly this is the best solution.

Expressing a strong opinion.

3

او بی‌گمان در امتحان موفق می‌شود.

He will undoubtedly succeed in the exam.

Predictive certainty.

4

بی‌گمان سفر به شیراز لذت‌بخش است.

Undoubtedly traveling to Shiraz is enjoyable.

Cultural statement of certainty.

5

بی‌گمان تکنولوژی زندگی را آسان کرده است.

Undoubtedly technology has made life easier.

Present perfect tense with adverb.

6

بی‌گمان یادگیری زبان زمان می‌برد.

Undoubtedly learning a language takes time.

Philosophical certainty.

7

این تصمیم بی‌گمان درست بود.

This decision was undoubtedly right.

Past tense certainty.

8

بی‌گمان هنر مرزی ندارد.

Undoubtedly art has no borders.

Abstract concept assertion.

1

بی‌گمان تغییرات اقلیمی چالشی بزرگ است.

Undoubtedly climate change is a big challenge.

Formal academic tone.

2

بی‌گمان سعدی یکی از بزرگترین شاعران است.

Undoubtedly Saadi is one of the greatest poets.

Literary commentary.

3

این سیاست بی‌گمان پیامدهای جدی خواهد داشت.

This policy will undoubtedly have serious consequences.

Political analysis.

4

بی‌گمان ریشه‌های این مشکل در گذشته است.

Undoubtedly the roots of this problem are in the past.

Metaphorical certainty.

5

بی‌گمان آزادی بیان سنگ‌بنای دموکراسی است.

Undoubtedly freedom of speech is the cornerstone of democracy.

Ideological assertion.

6

بی‌گمان او از این موضوع بی‌خبر بوده است.

Undoubtedly he was unaware of this matter.

Perfective past certainty.

7

بی‌گمان موسیقی زبان مشترک انسان‌هاست.

Undoubtedly music is the common language of humans.

Universal truth statement.

8

بی‌گمان این کشف علمی جهان را دگرگون می‌کند.

Undoubtedly this scientific discovery will transform the world.

Future impact certainty.

1

بی‌گمان، تقابل سنت و مدرنیته در آثار او مشهود است.

Undoubtedly, the contrast between tradition and modernity is evident in his works.

Complex literary analysis.

2

بی‌گمان، این تحولات ساختاری به نفع جامعه خواهد بود.

Undoubtedly, these structural transformations will benefit society.

Sociological discourse.

3

بی‌گمان، درک مفاهیم عرفانی نیازمند تامل عمیق است.

Undoubtedly, understanding mystical concepts requires deep reflection.

Philosophical register.

4

بی‌گمان، او با درایتی که داشت، بحران را مهار کرد.

Undoubtedly, with the wisdom he possessed, he contained the crisis.

Historical narrative.

5

بی‌گمان، این رویکرد انتقادی راه را برای اصلاحات باز می‌کند.

Undoubtedly, this critical approach opens the way for reforms.

Political theory.

6

بی‌گمان، زیبایی در سادگی نهفته است.

Undoubtedly, beauty lies in simplicity.

Aesthetic assertion.

7

بی‌گمان، عدالت اجتماعی بدون برابری فرصت‌ها محقق نمی‌شود.

Undoubtedly, social justice is not achieved without equality of opportunity.

Legal/Social ethics.

8

بی‌گمان، هوش مصنوعی آینده بشر را بازتعریف خواهد کرد.

Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence will redefine the future of humanity.

Technological futurism.

1

بی‌گمان، هستی‌شناسی او بر پایه وحدت وجود بنا شده است.

Undoubtedly, his ontology is built on the foundation of the unity of existence.

High-level philosophical terminology.

2

بی‌گمان، این اثر حماسی بازتاب‌دهنده هویت ملی ایرانیان است.

Undoubtedly, this epic work reflects the national identity of Iranians.

Cultural studies discourse.

3

بی‌گمان، ظرافت‌های زبانی این متن در ترجمه از دست می‌رود.

Undoubtedly, the linguistic subtleties of this text are lost in translation.

Translation theory.

4

بی‌گمان، تلاقی فرهنگ‌ها در این منطقه جغرافیایی بی‌نظیر است.

Undoubtedly, the intersection of cultures in this geographic region is unique.

Geopolitical analysis.

5

بی‌گمان، این پارادایم فکری ریشه در آموزه‌های باستان دارد.

Undoubtedly, this intellectual paradigm is rooted in ancient teachings.

Epistemological discussion.

6

بی‌گمان، هر پدیده اجتماعی معلول علت‌های متعددی است.

Undoubtedly, every social phenomenon is the effect of multiple causes.

Scientific/Sociological law.

7

بی‌گمان، شعر حافظ لایه‌های معنایی بی‌پایانی دارد.

Undoubtedly, Hafez's poetry has endless layers of meaning.

Hermeneutic analysis.

8

بی‌گمان، صلح جهانی آرمانی است که بشریت همواره در پی آن بوده است.

Undoubtedly, world peace is an ideal that humanity has always pursued.

Universal humanistic ideal.

よく使う組み合わせ

بی‌گمان یکی از...
بی‌گمان می‌توان گفت
بی‌گمان فردا
بی‌گمان چنین است
بی‌گمان تأثیرگذار
بی‌گمان درست
بی‌گمان لازم
بی‌گمان زیبا
بی‌گمان برتر
بی‌گمان ماندگار

よく使うフレーズ

بی‌گمان، همین‌طور است

— Undoubtedly, it is so. Used to strongly agree with someone.

بی‌گمان، همین‌طور است که شما می‌فرمایید.

بی‌گمان، شک نکن

— Undoubtedly, don't doubt it. Used to reassure someone.

بی‌گمان موفق می‌شوی، شک نکن.

بی‌گمان، راهی نیست

— Undoubtedly, there is no way. Used to express impossibility of alternatives.

بی‌گمان راهی جز این نیست.

بی‌گمان، حق با اوست

— Undoubtedly, he is right.

هر چه بگوید، بی‌گمان حق با اوست.

بی‌گمان، بهترین است

— Undoubtedly, it/he is the best.

این برند بی‌گمان بهترین است.

بی‌گمان، می‌دانید

— Undoubtedly, you know. Used as a rhetorical transition.

بی‌گمان می‌دانید که وقت تنگ است.

بی‌گمان، باید رفت

— Undoubtedly, one must go.

بی‌گمان باید رفت و دید.

بی‌گمان، تمام شد

— Undoubtedly, it is finished.

بی‌گمان کار تمام شد.

بی‌گمان، حقیقت دارد

— Undoubtedly, it is true.

این داستان بی‌گمان حقیقت دارد.

بی‌گمان، ممکن است

— Undoubtedly, it is possible. (Used to emphasize potential).

بی‌گمان تغییر ممکن است.

慣用句と表現

"بی‌گمان و بی‌چون و چرا"

— Without doubt and without 'why' or 'wherefore' (i.e., absolutely and unconditionally).

او دستور را بی‌گمان و بی‌چون و چرا پذیرفت.

Formal
"بی‌گمان، تیرش به هدف می‌خورد"

— Undoubtedly, his arrow will hit the target (i.e., he will definitely succeed).

با این تلاش، بی‌گمان تیرش به هدف می‌خورد.

Literary
"بی‌گمان، بار کج به منزل نمی‌رسد"

— Undoubtedly, a crooked load won't reach its destination (i.e., dishonesty doesn't pay).

دزدی نکن، چون بی‌گمان بار کج به منزل نمی‌رسد.

Proverbial
"بی‌گمان، خورشید پشت ابر نمی‌ماند"

— Undoubtedly, the sun won't stay behind the cloud (i.e., the truth will come out).

حقیقت را بگو، بی‌گمان خورشید پشت ابر نمی‌ماند.

Poetic
"بی‌گمان، از تو به یک اشاره"

— Undoubtedly, just a sign from you (and I will do it).

بی‌گمان، از تو به یک اشاره، از ما به سر دویدن.

Romantic/Literary
"بی‌گمان، کوه به کوه نمی‌رسد"

— Undoubtedly, mountain doesn't meet mountain (but humans do).

دنیا کوچک است، بی‌گمان کوه به کوه نمی‌رسد اما آدم به آدم می‌رسد.

Proverbial
"بی‌گمان، صبر تلخ است ولیکن بر شیرین دارد"

— Undoubtedly, patience is bitter but has sweet fruit.

صبر کن، بی‌گمان صبر تلخ است ولیکن بر شیرین دارد.

Classical
"بی‌گمان، هر چه کنی به خود کنی"

— Undoubtedly, whatever you do, you do to yourself.

مهربان باش، بی‌گمان هر چه کنی به خود کنی.

Moralistic
"بی‌گمان، پایان شب سیه سپید است"

— Undoubtedly, the end of a dark night is white (dawn).

ناامید نشو، بی‌گمان پایان شب سیه سپید است.

Inspirational
"بی‌گمان، آب از سرش گذشته"

— Undoubtedly, the water has gone over his head (he is in too deep).

دیگر تلاش نکن، بی‌گمان آب از سرش گذشته.

Colloquial/Formal

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名詞

動詞

形容詞

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記憶術

Think of 'Bi' as 'Bye-bye' and 'Goman' as 'Gloom/Doubt'. So, 'Bye-bye doubt!' = Bi-goman.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant red 'X' over a question mark. The question mark is 'Goman', and the 'X' is 'Bi'. Together, they mean 'No Doubt'.

Word Web

Certainty Truth No doubt Formal Poetry Knowledge Confidence Fact

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences about your favorite hobby using 'bi-goman' to explain why it is the best hobby in the world.

語源

Derived from Middle Persian 'gumān' which referred to doubt or ambiguity. The prefix 'bi-' is the Old Persian 'vi-' meaning 'apart' or 'without'.

元の意味： Without doubt or without suspicion.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian

文化的な背景

There are no major sensitivities, but avoid using it to be arrogant. It should express truth, not just ego.

In English, we often use 'undoubtedly' in academic writing, but in speech, we might say 'for sure'. 'Bi-goman' bridges both but leans towards the academic side.

The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi uses 'bi-goman' frequently to describe the resolve of heroes. Modern Iranian news broadcasts use it to announce definitive government decisions. Sadegh Hedayat, a famous Iranian writer, used it in his prose to create a sense of dark inevitability.
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