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C1 verb 8分で読める

حکم دادن

hokm dadan

練習する例文メモとヒント حکم دادن 30秒で

解説 حکم دادن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'hokm' means a rule or a command, and 'dādan' means to give. You might see this word in the context of a simple card game called 'Hokm' which is very popular in Iran. You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet. Just remember that it is a very strong way to say someone is making a final decision. For example, 'The teacher gives a rule.' It is a formal word, so you won't use it with your friends for small things like picking a movie. Think of it as a 'big' word for 'big' decisions.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'hokm dādan' in simple legal or school contexts. You should know that it is a compound verb. This means the first part 'hokm' stays the same, and the second part 'dādan' changes like other verbs you know (mi-daham, dādam, dāri mi-dahi). You can use it to describe what a referee does in a football match: 'Dāvar hokm dād' (The referee ruled). It is useful for describing situations where there is a clear leader who makes the rules.

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For B1 learners, 'hokm dādan' becomes important for understanding news and basic stories. You should be able to use it with the preposition 'be' (to). For example, 'Qāzi be habs hokm dād' (The judge ruled to imprisonment). You are beginning to see the difference between 'ghazāvat kardan' (to judge) and 'hokm dādan' (to officially rule). You might hear this in TV dramas where a king or a powerful leader gives an order. You should also be familiar with the card game context where the 'Hākem' (ruler) gives the 'hokm' (trump suit).

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At the B2 level, you should use 'hokm dādan' in more formal discussions about society and law. You should understand the nuances of 'be nafe' (in favor of) and 'be zarare' (against). You can use it in the passive voice, like 'hokm dāde shod' (it was ruled). You are expected to understand that this verb implies a formal authority. You can use it in essays to describe how a court or a government body makes a final decision on an issue. You should also recognize it in editorials or opinion pieces where the writer criticizes someone for 'passing judgment' (hokm dādan) too quickly.

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As a C1 learner, you must master the precise legal and administrative use of 'حکم دادن'. You should be able to distinguish it from synonyms like 'rā'y sāder kardan' (to issue a verdict) or 'fatwā dādan' (to give a religious decree). You should use it to describe complex judicial processes, such as 'hokm be mo'alaq shodan-e mojāzāt' (ruling to suspend a sentence). You should also be able to use it metaphorically in high-level literature or intellectual debate to describe the imposition of finality or authority. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the power dynamics inherent in the verb.

At the C2 level, 'حکم دادن' is part of your professional and academic vocabulary. You understand its historical roots in Islamic law and its modern application in the Iranian civil code. You can use it in legal drafting, high-level political analysis, and literary criticism. You are sensitive to its tone—knowing when it sounds archaic, when it sounds strictly professional, and when it sounds authoritarian. You can effortlessly use it in complex sentence structures involving multiple clauses and abstract concepts, such as 'the philosophical impossibility of ruling on the absolute truth'.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

حکم دادن 30秒で

A formal Persian verb meaning to issue a legal verdict or final judgment.
Primarily used by judges in courtrooms or referees in sports matches.
Implies a high level of authority and the finality of a decision.
Crucial for understanding legal news, formal Persian, and card games.

The Persian compound verb حکم دادن (hokm dādan) is a cornerstone of legal and authoritative discourse in the Persian language. At its core, it translates to 'to give a judgment,' 'to issue a verdict,' or 'to sentence.' While the individual components are simple—hokm meaning 'order' or 'judgment' and dādan meaning 'to give'—their combination carries a heavy semantic weight that implies formal authority and finality. In the modern legal system of Iran and other Persian-speaking regions, this verb is specifically reserved for the moment a presiding judge or a legal body culminates a trial by delivering a definitive decision. It is not merely an opinion; it is a legally binding decree that alters the course of the parties involved. Beyond the courtroom, the term finds its way into sports, particularly in games like football or volleyball, where a referee 'gives a ruling' on a play, although sāvat kardan is also common there. However, حکم دادن remains the more formal and decisive choice. In daily life, using this verb metaphorically suggests that someone is acting with an air of absolute authority, perhaps even overstepping by making final judgments on others' lives without the proper standing.

Legal Context: This is the primary domain of the word, used when a judge (Qāzi) officially declares the outcome of a case, whether it be a criminal sentence or a civil resolution.
Authoritative Tone: It implies a top-down hierarchy where the speaker or subject has the power to dictate terms to subordinates.
Sports and Games: In card games like 'Hokm', the lead player 'gives the decree' for the trump suit, showing the word's versatility in rule-setting environments.

قاضی دادگاه پس از شنیدن تمام دفاعیات، به نفع متهم حکم داد.

Translation: The court judge, after hearing all the defenses, ruled in favor of the defendant.

Understanding the nuance of this verb requires recognizing the difference between 'deciding' (tasmim gereftan) and 'ruling' (hokm dādan). While anyone can decide, only those with sanctioned power can 'hokm dādan.' This distinction is vital for C1 learners who must navigate formal Persian texts or news broadcasts where precision in power dynamics is essential. When you hear this word, you are witnessing the conclusion of a process—the transition from deliberation to execution.

هیچ‌کس حق ندارد بدون مدرک درباره دیگران حکم بدهد.

Translation: No one has the right to pass judgment on others without evidence.

Using حکم دادن correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure as a compound verb. In Persian, the word 'hokm' acts as the noun part, and 'dādan' is the auxiliary verb that carries the conjugation. Because it is a transitive concept—you are ruling *about* something or *for/against* someone—it often takes specific prepositions. To say 'to rule against someone,' you use be zarare (someone) hokm dādan. Conversely, 'to rule in favor of someone' is be nafe (someone) hokm dādan. This prepositional logic is crucial for clear communication in legal contexts.

Past Tense: قاضی حکم داد (The judge ruled). Notice how the stress falls on the first syllable of 'hokm'.
Present Continuous: دارند حکم می‌دهند (They are currently issuing the verdict). This is used during live reporting of court events.
Subjunctive Form: باید حکم بدهد (He/She must rule). Essential for expressing legal requirements or expectations.

دادگاه تجدیدنظر هنوز در مورد این پرونده حکم نداده است.

Translation: The appeals court has not yet ruled on this case.

In advanced Persian, you will notice that حکم دادن can also be used in the passive voice: حکم داده شد (The judgment was given). This is very common in news headlines where the focus is on the verdict rather than the specific judge. Furthermore, when discussing international law, you might encounter phrases like حکم به بازداشت دادن (to issue an arrest warrant/ruling). The flexibility of this verb allows it to cover everything from a small fine to a life sentence.

داور مسابقه با قاطعیت به اخراج بازیکن حکم داد.

Translation: The match referee decisively ruled to send off the player.

If you are watching the 21:00 news on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting) or reading a newspaper like 'Etemad' or 'Kayhan', حکم دادن will appear frequently in the legal and political sections. It is the standard vocabulary for reporting on high-profile trials, corruption cases, or constitutional disputes. You will also encounter it in historical dramas (known as 'Serial-haye Tarikhi') where kings or religious leaders sit in judgment over their subjects. In these contexts, the word carries an aura of absolute sovereignty.

News Media: Headlines often start with 'دادگاه حکم داد...' (The court ruled...) followed by the specifics of the punishment.
Literature: In classical poetry and modern novels, it symbolizes the hand of fate or the harsh reality of societal laws.
Card Games (Hokm): In the most popular Iranian card game, 'Hokm', the 'Hākem' (ruler) must 'hokm dādan' at the start of each round to choose the trump suit.

در اخبار دیشب اعلام شد که قاضی به حبس ابد متهم حکم داده است.

Translation: In last night's news, it was announced that the judge has ruled for the defendant's life imprisonment.

Beyond formal settings, you might hear it in intellectual debates. If someone is being too judgmental about a film or a book, a friend might say, 'Zood hokm nade!' (Don't judge too quickly!). This usage bridges the gap between the strict legal definition and the everyday human tendency to form final opinions. It suggests that the person is speaking with more certainty than they actually possess.

تو چطور می‌توانی بدون دانستن واقعیت، این‌طور قاطعانه حکم بدهی؟

Translation: How can you rule (judge) so decisively without knowing the reality?

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Persian is confusing حکم دادن with قضاوت کردن (ghazāvat kardan). While both relate to judging, 'ghazāvat kardan' is the general process of judging or evaluating (e.g., 'Don't judge me by my clothes'), whereas 'hokm dādan' is the specific act of issuing a final, authoritative decision. If you use 'hokm dādan' in a casual social setting, you might sound overly dramatic or like you are pretending to be a judge.

Confusing with 'Dastur Dādan': 'Dastur dādan' means to give an order or command. While a 'hokm' is an order, 'hokm dādan' is specifically a legal or formal ruling. You wouldn't tell a waiter to 'hokm dādan' for your food.
Preposition Errors: Learners often forget to use 'be' (to/for) before the person being ruled upon. It's 'be u hokm dād' not 'u rā hokm dād'.
Verb Choice with 'Hokm': Sometimes learners use 'kardan' instead of 'dādan'. While 'hokm kardan' is occasionally used in literature, 'hokm dādan' is the standard modern compound verb for judicial rulings.

اشتباه: قاضی او را حکم داد. درست: قاضی به نفع او حکم داد.

Correction: You rule 'to' someone's benefit, not 'them' directly as a direct object in this context.

Another mistake is using it for simple voting. For elections, the correct term is rā'y dādan. Using 'hokm dādan' implies you have the sole power to decide the winner, which is not how democratic voting works. Always remember that 'hokm' implies a hierarchy where the 'giver' of the 'hokm' is in a position of superior legal or official standing compared to the 'receiver'.

نباید بر اساس ظاهر مردم حکم داد؛ این کار قضاوت نادرستی است.

Translation: One should not pass judgment based on people's appearance; that is an incorrect judgment.

To truly master C1 Persian, you must be able to swap حکم دادن with its synonyms depending on the register and specific context. The most formal alternative is رأی صادر کردن (rā'y sāder kardan), which literally means 'to issue a vote/verdict.' This is the phrasing you will find in written legal documents and supreme court announcements. It sounds more clinical and administrative than the verbal 'hokm dādan'.

فتوا دادن (Fatwā Dādan): This is specifically for religious rulings issued by a Mufti or Marja'. It is a type of 'hokm' but limited to the religious sphere.
محکوم کردن (Mahkum Kardan): While 'hokm dādan' is the act of ruling, 'mahkum kardan' is 'to sentence' or 'to condemn'. You 'hokm dādan' that someone is 'mahkum'.
داوری کردن (Dāvari Kardan): Used in sports and arbitration. It focuses on the process of refereeing rather than the finality of a legal sentence.

دیوان عالی کشور علیه مصوبه جدید مجلس رأی صادر کرد.

Translation: The Supreme Court issued a ruling against the new parliament resolution.

In a more general sense, تصمیم نهایی را گرفتن (tasmim-e nahāyi rā gereftan)—to take the final decision—can be a softer alternative in non-legal contexts. However, if the decision has the force of law or strict rules behind it, 'hokm dādan' remains the most accurate choice. For instance, in a corporate setting, a CEO might 'hokm dādan' on a new policy, emphasizing their absolute power over the company's direction.

مرجع تقلید در مورد این مسئله مستحدثه فتوا داد.

Translation: The religious authority issued a fatwa (ruling) regarding this modern issue.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The game 'Hokm' is so popular in Iran that almost every family knows the rules. The 'Hākem' has the most power, reflecting the word's legal meaning.

発音ガイド

UK /hokm dɑːdæn/

US /hokm dɑːdæn/

In 'hokm', the stress is on the syllable. In 'dādan', the stress is on the first syllable 'dā'.

韻が合う語

حکم (hokm) rhymes with تخم (tokhm - egg/seed) in some dialects. دادن (dādan) rhymes with شادن (shādan), یادن (yādan).

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'hokm' as 'hakam' (which means referee).
Stress on the final syllable 'dan' instead of 'dā'.
Merging 'hokm' and 'dādan' without a slight pause.
Vocalizing the 'h' too harshly like the German 'ch'.
Shortening the long 'ā' in 'dādan' to a short 'a' like in 'cat'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Requires understanding of formal sentence structures in news and law.

ライティング 4/5

Must use correct prepositions (be nafe/be zarare) and conjugations.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but context must be appropriate.

リスニング 4/5

Often spoken quickly in news broadcasts.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

دادن قاضی دادگاه قانون رأی

次に学ぶ

صادر کردن ابلاغ کردن تجدیدنظر تبرئه محکومیت

上級

استنکاف از حکم اجرای احکام حکم غیابی حکم قطعی

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verbs

In 'حکم دادن', only 'دادن' conjugates: حکم می‌دهم، حکم دادی، حکم دادند.

Preposition 'be'

Always use 'be' for the object of the ruling: به حبس حکم داد.

Subjunctive with 'bāyad'

باید حکم بدهد (He must rule).

Passive Voice

حکم داده شد (The ruling was given).

Transitive vs Intransitive

'Hokm dādan' is transitive but usually takes an indirect object with 'be'.

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レベル別の例文

او در بازی حکم داد.

He gave the rule in the game.

Simple past tense.

معلم حکم داد که ساکت باشیم.

The teacher ruled that we should be quiet.

Used as a formal command.

پدرم حکم داد امروز به پارک برویم.

My father ruled that we go to the park today.

Metaphorical use of authority.

داور حکم داد.

The referee ruled.

Subject + Verb.

من حکم می‌دهم.

I give the rule.

Present tense.

آیا او حکم داد؟

Did he rule?

Question form.

او به من حکم داد.

He ruled to me (gave me an order).

Use of preposition 'be'.

حکم دادن کار سختی است.

Ruling is a hard job.

Gerund form.

قاضی به نفع او حکم داد.

The judge ruled in his favor.

Prepositional phrase 'be nafe'.

داور به نفع تیم ما حکم داد.

The referee ruled in favor of our team.

Sports context.

آنها هنوز حکم نداده‌اند.

They haven't ruled yet.

Present perfect negative.

می‌خواهم در مورد این موضوع حکم بدهم.

I want to rule on this matter.

Infinitive with 'mikhoham'.

او همیشه زود حکم می‌دهد.

He always rules (judges) quickly.

Adverb 'hamishe'.

دادگاه به پرداخت جریمه حکم داد.

The court ruled to pay a fine.

Direct object of the ruling.

چه کسی باید حکم بدهد؟

Who must rule?

Interrogative 'che kasi'.

قاضی با دقت حکم داد.

The judge ruled carefully.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deqqat'.

قاضی پس از بررسی مدارک، به حبس متهم حکم داد.

After reviewing the documents, the judge ruled for the defendant's imprisonment.

Complex sentence with 'pas az'.

شورای شهر به تخریب ساختمان قدیمی حکم داد.

The city council ruled for the demolition of the old building.

Institutional subject.

داور مسابقه به اشتباه حکم داد و همه اعتراض کردند.

The match referee ruled incorrectly and everyone protested.

Compound sentence with 'va'.

اگر قاضی به نفع ما حکم بدهد، خوشحال می‌شویم.

If the judge rules in our favor, we will be happy.

Conditional type 1.

او بدون شنیدن حرف‌های من، علیه من حکم داد.

Without hearing my words, he ruled against me.

Prepositional phrase 'bedune'.

دادگاه تجدیدنظر ممکن است حکم دیگری بدهد.

The appeals court might give another ruling.

Modal 'momken ast'.

باید صبر کنیم تا دادگاه حکم بدهد.

We must wait until the court rules.

Subjunctive after 'tā'.

در بازی ورق، او به عنوان حاکم حکم داد.

In the card game, he ruled as the 'Hakem'.

Specific game terminology.

دادگاه لاهه علیه اقدامات غیرقانونی آن کشور حکم داد.

The Hague Court ruled against that country's illegal actions.

International legal context.

قاضی به دلیل نبود شواهد کافی، به تبرئه زندانی حکم داد.

Due to lack of sufficient evidence, the judge ruled for the prisoner's acquittal.

Reasoning with 'be dalile'.

نمی‌توان به سادگی در مورد سرنوشت دیگران حکم داد.

One cannot simply rule on the fate of others.

Impersonal 'nemishavad/nemitevan'.

حکم دادن در این پرونده پیچیده، ماه‌ها زمان برد.

Ruling on this complex case took months.

Gerund as subject.

او به عنوان مدیر شرکت، به تغییر استراتژی حکم داد.

As the company manager, he ruled for a change in strategy.

Corporate authority.

تاریخ در مورد اعمال ما حکم خواهد داد.

History will rule on our actions.

Future tense 'khāhad dād'.

قاضی پرونده به اعدام جانی حکم داده است.

The trial judge has ruled for the criminal's execution.

Present perfect tense.

جامعه نباید بر اساس شایعات حکم بدهد.

Society should not rule based on rumors.

Social context.

دیوان عالی کشور به ابطال مصوبه جنجالی دولت حکم داد.

The Supreme Court ruled to nullify the government's controversial resolution.

High-level administrative vocabulary.

قاضی با استناد به ماده قانون مدنی، به نفع خواهان حکم داد.

Citing the Civil Law article, the judge ruled in favor of the plaintiff.

Technical legal phrasing 'ba estenād be'.

حکم دادن بدون رعایت تشریفات قانونی، فاقد اعتبار است.

Ruling without observing legal formalities lacks validity.

Legal principle.

دادگاه به جبران خسارت‌های مادی و معنوی شاکی حکم داد.

The court ruled for the compensation of the plaintiff's material and moral damages.

Abstract legal concepts.

او با قاطعیت تمام به لزوم اصلاحات ساختاری حکم داد.

With total decisiveness, he ruled on the necessity of structural reforms.

Political rhetoric.

نمی‌توان به تنهایی در مورد چنین مسائل کلانی حکم داد.

One cannot rule alone on such macro issues.

Macro-social context.

قاضی به توقف موقت عملیات ساختمانی حکم داد.

The judge ruled for the temporary halt of construction operations.

Injunction terminology.

وجدان بشری در برابر این جنایات چگونه حکم خواهد داد؟

How will human conscience rule in the face of these crimes?

Philosophical inquiry.

مرجع قضایی به خلع ید از اراضی تصرف شده حکم داد.

The judicial authority ruled for the dispossession of the seized lands.

Highly technical legal terminology (khala' yad).

حکم دادن در غیاب متهم، چالش‌های حقوقی فراوانی دارد.

Ruling in the absence of the defendant carries many legal challenges.

Abstract legal analysis.

دادگاه به الزام خوانده به ایفای تعهدات قراردادی حکم داد.

The court ruled to compel the respondent to fulfill contractual obligations.

Contract law vocabulary.

این رأی نشان می‌دهد که دادگاه به استقلال قوا حکم داده است.

This verdict shows that the court has ruled for the independence of powers.

Constitutional analysis.

قاضی به رد دعوای مطروحه به دلیل مرور زمان حکم داد.

The judge ruled to dismiss the filed lawsuit due to the statute of limitations.

Procedural law terminology.

حکم دادن به حبس تعزیری در این مورد خاص الزامی است.

Ruling for discretionary imprisonment is mandatory in this specific case.

Islamic/Iranian penal code terms.

او در مقام منتقد، به زوال سبک‌های سنتی حکم داد.

In his capacity as a critic, he ruled on the decline of traditional styles.

Intellectual/Literary register.

آیا عقل سلیم به درستی این تصمیم حکم می‌دهد؟

Does common sense rule on the correctness of this decision?

Rhetorical philosophical question.

よく使う組み合わせ

به نفع کسی حکم دادن

علیه کسی حکم دادن

به حبس حکم دادن

به اعدام حکم دادن

به اشتباه حکم دادن

قاطعانه حکم دادن

زود حکم دادن

به پرداخت خسارت حکم دادن

به ابطال حکم دادن

بر اساس شواهد حکم دادن

よく使うフレーズ

حکم دادن به...

— To rule regarding a specific punishment or outcome.

قاضی به جریمه نقدی حکم داد.

حق حکم دادن

— The right or authority to rule.

فقط قاضی حق حکم دادن دارد.

صلاحیت حکم دادن

— The legal jurisdiction or competence to rule.

این دادگاه صلاحیت حکم دادن در این مورد را ندارد.

زمان حکم دادن

— The time of issuing the verdict.

زمان حکم دادن هنوز فرا نرسیده است.

نحوه حکم دادن

— The manner in which a ruling is delivered.

نحوه حکم دادن قاضی بسیار عادلانه بود.

قدرت حکم دادن

— The power to issue decrees.

پادشاه قدرت مطلق برای حکم دادن داشت.

شجاعت در حکم دادن

— Bravery in issuing a difficult verdict.

او در حکم دادن علیه قدرتمندان شجاعت داشت.

مبنای حکم دادن

— The basis for a ruling.

مبنای حکم دادن باید قانون باشد.

اشتباه در حکم دادن

— An error in the ruling process.

اشتباه در حکم دادن می‌تواند فاجعه‌بار باشد.

سرعت در حکم دادن

— Speed in delivering a verdict.

سرعت در حکم دادن نباید دقت را فدا کند.

よく混同される語

حکم دادن vs حکم کردن

Similar, but 'hokm kardan' is more literary or used specifically in card games.

حکم دادن vs دستور دادن

Means 'to order'. 'Hokm dādan' is a specific type of legal/formal order.

حکم دادن vs رأی دادن

Means 'to vote'. Don't use it for a judge's final decision.

慣用句と表現

"یک‌طرفه به قاضی رفتن و حکم دادن"

— To judge a situation after hearing only one side of the story.

تو فقط حرف او را شنیدی؛ یک‌طرفه به قاضی نرو و حکم نده.

Informal/Idiomatic

"حکم، حکمِ فلانی است"

— Used to say that someone's word is law or they have the final say.

در این خانه، حکم، حکمِ مادر است.

Colloquial

"حکمِ حق دادن"

— To speak the ultimate truth or a divine judgment.

او با سخنانش حکم حق داد.

Literary

"حکمِ دل دادن"

— In card games, to choose hearts as trump; metaphorically, to follow one's heart.

او همیشه حکم دل می‌دهد.

Game/Poetic

"حکمِ تیر دادن"

— To issue a 'shoot on sight' order.

فرمانده حکم تیر داد.

Military/Formal

"حکمِ تخلیه دادن"

— To issue an eviction notice.

صاحب‌خانه حکم تخلیه داد.

Legal/Daily Life

"حکمِ مرگ دادن"

— To sign someone's death warrant or predict their failure.

پزشکان برای آن پروژه حکم مرگ دادند.

Metaphorical

"حکمِ لازم دادن"

— To give the necessary orders.

مدیر حکم لازم را برای شروع کار داد.

Administrative

"حکمِ قطعی دادن"

— To give a final, unchangeable decision.

هنوز نمی‌توان در این مورد حکم قطعی داد.

Formal

"حکمِ برائت دادن"

— To rule someone innocent.

وجدان عمومی به برائت او حکم داد.

Moral/Legal

間違えやすい

حکم دادن vs قضاوت کردن

Both involve judging.

'Ghazāvat' is the process of judging; 'Hokm dādan' is the final legal act of ruling.

او قضاوت کرد که من آدم بدی هستم، اما قاضی به نفع من حکم داد.

حکم دادن vs حاکم

Related root.

'Hākem' is the person (ruler/judge); 'Hokm dādan' is the action.

حاکم حکم داد.

حکم دادن vs محکوم

Related root.

'Mahkum' is the person who receives the ruling (the convicted).

محکوم منتظر است تا قاضی حکم بدهد.

حکم دادن vs فتوا

Both are rulings.

'Fatwā' is religious; 'Hokm' is general or legal.

او فتوا داد که این کار حرام است.

حکم دادن vs تصمیم

General vs specific.

'Tasmim' is any decision; 'Hokm' is a formal, authoritative ruling.

تصمیم گرفتم ناهار بخورم، اما دادگاه حکم داد جریمه شوم.

文型パターン

[Subject] [Preposition] [Object] hokm dād.

قاضی به جریمه حکم داد.

[Subject] pas az [Noun], hokm dād.

داور پس از خطا، حکم داد.

[Subject] be nafe/zarare [Person] hokm dād.

دادگاه به نفع او حکم داد.

[Subject] ba estenād be [Law], hokm dād.

قاضی با استناد به قانون، حکم داد.

Hokm dādan dar [Context] mostalzem-e [Requirement] ast.

حکم دادن در این مورد مستلزم دقت است.

Bāyad montazer mänd tā dādgāh hokm bedahad.

باید منتظر ماند تا دادگاه حکم بدهد.

Hokm-e [Noun] dāde shod.

حکمِ تخلیه داده شد.

[Subject] rā'y be [Action] hokm dād.

دیوان رأی به ابطال حکم داد.

語族

名詞

حکم (hokm - judgment/order)

حاکم (hākem - ruler/judge)

محکوم (mahkum - convicted/sentenced)

حکمرانی (hokmrāni - governance)

動詞

محکوم کردن (mahkum kardan - to convict)

حکومت کردن (hokumat kardan - to govern)

形容詞

حکومتی (hokumati - governmental)

محکومانه (mahkumāne - in a convicted manner)

使い方

frequency

High in legal, news, and sports domains; low in casual daily activities.

よくある間違い

قاضی او را حکم داد. → قاضی به نفع/علیه او حکم داد.
You must use a preposition like 'be nafe' or 'be' for the object.
من حکم کردم که برویم. → من تصمیم گرفتم که برویم.
Hokm dādan is too formal for personal decisions like going somewhere.
داور قضاوت داد. → داور حکم داد.
You don't 'give' a ghazāvat (judgment), you 'do' it. You 'give' a hokm.
حکم کردن در انتخابات. → رأی دادن در انتخابات.
In elections, people 'vote' (rā'y dādan), they don't 'rule' (hokm dādan).
او حکم را داد کرد. → او حکم داد.
Don't add extra verbs. 'Hokm dādan' is the complete compound verb.

ヒント

Auxiliary Verb

Remember that only 'dādan' changes. Don't touch 'hokm'!

Be Formal

Use this verb when you want to sound authoritative or are talking about serious matters.

Preposition 'Be'

Always use 'be' (to) when specifying the punishment or result.

Card Games

Learn the card game 'Hokm' to practice this verb in a fun, social setting.

Synonym Check

Use 'rā'y sāder kardan' for written law and 'hokm dādan' for the spoken act.

Don't judge!

Don't confuse it with 'ghazāvat kardan' (personal judgment).

Institutional Use

Use it for courts, councils, and official boards.

One-sided judgment

Remember the idiom 'yek-tarfe be qāzi raftan' for unfair judgments.

News Clues

Listen for 'hokm dād' at the end of long news sentences.

Legal Essays

In academic writing, use the passive 'hokm dāde shod' to sound more objective.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Home' (Hokm) where the father 'gives' (Dādan) the rules. Hokm Dādan = Giving the home rules.

視覚的連想

Imagine a judge hitting a gavel (hokm) and then handing over (dādan) a piece of paper with the sentence written on it.

Word Web

Judge Court Verdict Sentence Authority Order Law Referee

チャレンジ

Try to write a short news headline about a fictional court case using 'hokm dādan' in the past perfect tense.

語源

The word 'hokm' is derived from the Arabic root H-K-M (ح-ک-م), which relates to wisdom, judging, and governing. 'Dādan' is a pure Persian verb from the Indo-European root meaning 'to give'.

元の意味： In Arabic, 'Hukm' means to prevent or restrain, implying that a judgment restrains someone from wrongdoing or settles a dispute.

Arabic (loanword) + Indo-European (Persian auxiliary).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this word about religious figures, as 'Fatwā' is the more specific and sensitive term.

In English, we say 'pass judgment' or 'issue a verdict'. 'Hokm dādan' covers both but is more commonly used in the judicial sense.

The game of 'Hokm' (Iranian cards). Classical poems by Saadi about the 'Hokm' of a fair king. Legal headlines regarding the 'Hokm' of the Supreme Court of Iran.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Courtroom

قاضی حکم داد
حکم نهایی
اعتراض به حکم
صدور حکم

Sports

داور حکم داد
حکم به اخراج
حکم به پنالتی
تغییر حکم داور

Games

حاکم حکم داد
حکم کردن
تغییر حکم
حکم لازم

Personal Life

زود حکم دادن
قضاوت و حکم دادن
حکم صادر کردن برای بقیه
بدون فکر حکم دادن

Politics

شورای نگهبان حکم داد
حکم حکومتی
حکم به انحلال
ابطال حکم

会話のきっかけ

"آیا فکر می‌کنی قاضی در این پرونده عادلانه حکم داد؟"

"چرا بعضی‌ها بدون دانستن حقیقت، در مورد دیگران حکم می‌دهند؟"

"در بازی حکم، ترجیح می‌دهی چه زمانی حکم بدهی؟"

"اگر تو قاضی بودی، در مورد این مشکل چطور حکم می‌دادی؟"

"به نظر تو تاریخ در مورد سیاستمداران امروز چطور حکم خواهد داد؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که کسی در مورد شما به اشتباه حکم داد و چه احساسی داشتید.

آیا فکر می‌کنید ماشین‌های هوش مصنوعی می‌توانند روزی به جای انسان‌ها در دادگاه حکم بدهند؟

تفاوت بین قضاوت کردن و حکم دادن را از دیدگاه خود شرح دهید.

یک داستان کوتاه درباره قاضی‌ای بنویسید که باید بین قانون و وجدان یکی را برای حکم دادن انتخاب کند.

اهمیت استقلال قضات در حکم دادن برای سلامت یک جامعه چیست؟

よくある質問

10 問

No, that would sound very strange. Use 'tasmim gereftan' (to decide) or 'entekhāb kardan' (to choose) instead. 'Hokm dādan' is too formal.

In modern Persian, 'hokm dādan' is the standard for legal rulings. 'Hokm kardan' is used in card games or in older, more literary texts.

Not necessarily. A judge can 'hokm dādan' in favor of someone (acquittal) or rule on a civil matter like property rights.

Yes, it can be used in any sport where a referee makes a definitive decision on a play, like volleyball or wrestling.

You say: 'Qāzi علیه من حکم داد' (Qāzi aleyhe man hokm dād).

The past tense is 'hokm dād' (he/she ruled). For 'I ruled', it is 'hokm dādam'.

Yes, the noun 'hokm' is Arabic, but 'dādan' is Persian. This is a very common type of compound verb in Persian.

Yes, but it sounds very formal. It implies the teacher is making a final, non-negotiable rule for the class.

It means 'the necessary order' or 'required ruling'. It is common in administrative Persian.

When it's your turn to pick the trump suit, you can say 'Hokm mikonam del' (I rule hearts).

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