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B1 verb #8,000 よく出る 9分で読める

کدر کردن

上位8,000

練習する例文メモとヒント کدر کردن 30秒で

解説 کدر کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'kadar kardan' means making something like water or glass not clear. You can think of it as 'making it dirty' in a simple way. For example, 'The water is not clear because I put sand in it.' In Persian, you would say 'Man ab ra kadar kardam.' It is a compound verb, which means it has two parts. The first part 'kadar' means 'not clear' and the second part 'kardan' means 'to do'. You use this when you are talking about basic things like water, windows, or mirrors. Just remember to put 'ra' after the thing you are making cloudy. Even though this is a B1 word, A1 students can use it to describe simple actions in the kitchen or outside in nature. Don't worry about the metaphorical meanings yet; just focus on physical objects that you can see through, and how they stop being clear.

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At the A2 level, you should start using 'kadar kardan' to describe more specific situations. You can use it when talking about cleaning or the weather. For example, if there is a lot of dust in the air and you can't see the mountains clearly, you can say 'Gard o ghobar hava ra kadar karde ast' (Dust has made the air murky). You should also be able to conjugate it in the past and present tenses. 'Kadar mikonam' (I am making it cloudy) and 'Kadar kardam' (I made it cloudy). You might also see the adjective 'kadar' on its own to describe a glass of water that looks funny. At this level, you are moving beyond just 'dirty' and starting to understand the specific visual quality of being 'opaque' or 'dull'. You can use it to explain why you need to clean something: 'Shishe kadar ast, bayad an ra pak konam' (The glass is dull, I must clean it).

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As a B1 learner, you should be comfortable using 'kadar kardan' in both physical and basic metaphorical contexts. You should understand that this word describes a loss of clarity, whether it's a liquid, a surface, or a situation. You can use it to describe how milk clouds tea, how steam clouds a mirror, or how a misunderstanding 'clouds' a friendship. This is the level where you distinguish 'kadar kardan' from 'tireh kardan' (darkening) and 'mat kardan' (making matte). You should also be able to use it in more complex sentences with conjunctions like 'chon' (because) or 'agar' (if). For example: 'Agar ab ra kadar koni, mahi-ha ra nemibini' (If you make the water murky, you won't see the fish). You are also beginning to recognize it in news reports about pollution or in literature where it describes a person's mood or heart being 'clouded' by sadness.

At the B2 level, you should use 'kadar kardan' with precision in professional or academic discussions. You might use it in a presentation about environmental issues to describe the effect of industrial waste on local rivers. You should also be familiar with its passive counterpart 'kadar shodan' and use both fluently. Metaphorically, you can use it to describe abstract concepts like 'the clouding of judgment' or 'the obscuring of facts'. For example, 'Ezhahat-e u vagheiyat ra kadar kard' (His statements obscured the reality). You should also be aware of the formal synonym 'mokaddar kardan' and know that it is specifically used for hurting someone's feelings or making them sad. At this level, your use of 'kadar kardan' should reflect an understanding of its nuances—that it implies a transition from a state of purity or clarity to one of confusion or opacity.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'kadar kardan' in sophisticated literary and analytical contexts. You can use it to critique a complex piece of literature, noting how the author uses certain imagery to 'kadar kardan' the reader's perception of a character. You should be able to weave it into discussions about philosophy or psychology, perhaps talking about how trauma can 'kadar kardan' one's view of the world. Your vocabulary should also include related terms like 'kadurat' (the noun for murkiness or grudge). You understand the historical and poetic weight of the word, especially in classical Persian poetry where the 'kadar' of the world is contrasted with the 'safa' (clarity) of the spiritual path. You can use the verb in various complex grammatical structures, including subjunctive moods and conditional perfects, with ease and natural flow.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'kadar kardan'. You can use it to express the finest shades of meaning, whether in a high-level diplomatic negotiation—describing how a specific clause might 'cloud' the overall agreement—or in a technical scientific paper about the refractive properties of materials. You are fully aware of all its synonyms and antonyms and can choose the exact word needed for the register you are in. You might use 'kadar kardan' in a creative writing piece to evoke a specific atmosphere of gloom or confusion. You also understand the etymological roots of the word and how it has evolved in the Persian language. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker, utilizing the word's full range of physical, emotional, and intellectual connotations effortlessly.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

کدر کردن 30秒で

Kadar kardan means making something clear become opaque or murky, like clouding water.
It is a compound verb used for both physical objects (glass, liquids) and abstract concepts (moods, relationships).
In daily life, it describes things getting dull or dirty; in literature, it describes sadness or confusion.
Commonly confused with 'darkening', it specifically refers to a loss of clarity rather than just color change.

The Persian compound verb کدر کردن (kadar kardan) is a versatile term primarily used to describe the act of making something lose its clarity, transparency, or brightness. Derived from the Arabic-origin adjective 'kadar' (turbid or murky) combined with the Persian auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/make), it bridges the gap between physical descriptions and emotional or abstract states. In a physical context, it is most frequently applied to liquids and surfaces. For instance, if you stir up the silt at the bottom of a pond, you are performing the action of kadar kardan on the water. Similarly, when steam builds up on a mirror or when a jeweler handles a gemstone with oily fingers, the surface becomes dull or opaque.

Physical Application: This involves changing the state of a transparent or shiny object to one that is cloudy or light-obstructing. It is common in chemistry, cooking, and industrial cleaning contexts.

افزودن شیر به چای باعث کدر کردن آن می‌شود. (Adding milk to tea causes it to become cloudy/opaque.)

Beyond the physical, the word takes on a profound metaphorical weight in Persian literature and daily conversation. It can describe the clouding of one's judgment, the souring of a relationship, or the darkening of a mood. When a misunderstanding occurs between two close friends, a Persian speaker might say that their 'hearts' or 'souls' have been made 'kadar'. This implies a loss of the 'safa' (purity/clarity) that previously defined the bond. It is a sophisticated way to express that something is no longer pure, clear, or joyous.

Emotional Context: In poetry and high-register prose, this verb describes the obscuring of truth or the introduction of sorrow into a situation.

دروغ‌های او فضای اعتماد را کدر کرد. (His lies clouded the atmosphere of trust.)

In technical settings, such as photography or optics, 'kadar kardan' might refer to the intentional use of filters or chemicals to reduce glare or transparency. However, in most everyday scenarios, it carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting that something which should be clear or bright has become tainted or obscured. Whether it is the 'kadar kardan' of a window by rain-streaked dust or the 'kadar kardan' of a political climate by misinformation, the core concept remains the reduction of clarity and the introduction of obscurity.

Using کدر کردن correctly requires understanding its role as a transitive compound verb. This means it always takes a direct object—the thing that is being made opaque or dull. In Persian grammar, the object is often followed by the postposition 'ra' (را). For example, 'shishe ra kadar kardam' (I made the glass opaque). The verb 'kardan' is conjugated according to the subject and tense, while the adjective 'kadar' remains static as the prefix part of the compound.

Grammar Structure: [Subject] + [Object] + را + کدر + [Conjugated form of Kardan]

او با انگشتان کثیفش آینه را کدر کرد. (He made the mirror dull with his dirty fingers.)

When using the verb in different tenses, remember that the prefix 'kadar' never changes. In the present continuous, you would say 'daram kadar mikonam' (I am making [it] opaque). In the past perfect, 'kadar karde budam' (I had made [it] opaque). Because this is a B1-level word, you are expected to use it in more complex sentence structures, such as those involving causative agents or passive constructions (though the passive 'kadar shodan'—to become opaque—is also very common).

Metaphorical Usage: In abstract sentences, the object is often a feeling or a concept like 'khater' (mind/memory) or 'ravabet' (relationships).

این اتفاق تلخ، خاطرات شیرین ما را کدر کرد. (This bitter event clouded our sweet memories.)

It is also useful in academic or descriptive writing. For instance, in a scientific report about water pollution, one might write: 'Mavad-e shimiyayi ab-e rudkhane ra kadar mikonand' (Chemical substances make the river water turbid). Note that in formal writing, you might see the more Arabic-sounding synonym 'mokaddar kardan' specifically for feelings, but 'kadar kardan' remains the standard for physical descriptions and general use.

You will encounter کدر کردن in a variety of real-life settings in Iran and other Persian-speaking regions. One of the most common places is in the kitchen or during household chores. A parent might warn a child not to touch the freshly cleaned windows because their handprints will 'kadar kardan' the glass. In the context of traditional Persian arts, such as 'Ayeneh-kari' (mirror work) or jewelry making, craftsmen use this term to describe the loss of luster in metals or glass due to oxidation or improper handling.

Everyday Life: Heard during cleaning, cooking (e.g., clouding a broth), or discussing the weather (e.g., dust clouding the air).

چرا با دستمال کثیف شیشه را کدر کردی؟ (Why did you make the glass dull with a dirty cloth?)

In the news and media, 'kadar kardan' is frequently used in environmental reporting. When discussing air pollution in Tehran—a recurring issue—journalists often describe how smog 'kadar mikonad' the horizon or the sky. It is also a staple in political commentary. Analysts might speak of how a certain policy or scandal is 'kadar kardan' the future of a negotiation or the reputation of an institution. This demonstrates the word's transition from a simple physical description to a tool for sophisticated socio-political critique.

News & Media: Used to describe environmental turbidity, smog, or the metaphorical clouding of political situations.

آلودگی هوا دورنمای شهر را کدر کرده است. (Air pollution has made the city's horizon murky.)

Finally, in the beauty and fashion industry in Iran, you might hear this regarding hair or skin care. A stylist might explain that using the wrong shampoo can 'kadar kardan' the hair's natural shine. Or a dermatologist might discuss factors that 'kadar mikonad' the complexion. In all these instances, the word conveys a loss of an original, desirable state of clarity or brightness, making it an essential verb for nuanced communication in Persian.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with کدر کردن is confusing it with 'tireh kardan' (to darken). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. 'Tireh kardan' specifically refers to making a color darker (like adding black to blue), whereas 'kadar kardan' refers to making something less transparent or less shiny. You can have a light color that is 'kadar' (dull/opaque) without it being 'tireh' (dark). For example, a frosted glass pane is 'kadar', but it isn't necessarily 'tireh'.

Kadar vs. Tireh: 'Kadar' = Opaque/Dull (loss of clarity). 'Tireh' = Dark (loss of lightness).

اشتباه: او با مداد سیاه صفحه را کدر کرد. (Wrong: He made the page opaque with a black pencil.) -> Correct: تیره کرد.

Another common error is using 'kadar kardan' when the speaker actually means 'kasif kardan' (to make dirty). While making something dirty often makes it opaque, 'kadar kardan' focuses on the visual quality of the object rather than the presence of filth. If a window is blurry because of the way the glass was manufactured, it is 'kadar', but it is not 'kasif'. Learners should also be careful with the word 'mokaddar'. While 'mokaddar kardan' is a synonym, it is almost exclusively used for people's feelings (making someone upset/saddened) and would sound very strange if used for a glass of water.

Agent Confusion: Confusion between 'kadar kardan' (active) and 'kadar shodan' (passive). If the sun makes the paint dull, the sun 'kadar mikonad', but the paint 'kadar mishavad'.

Finally, some learners struggle with the prepositional usage. Unlike some English verbs that require 'with' or 'by', 'kadar kardan' usually takes the instrument of the action with the preposition 'ba'. For example, 'ba dust' (with dust). Forgetting the 'ra' for the direct object is also a common grammatical slip. Ensuring that the object being clouded is clearly marked with 'ra' will make your Persian sound much more natural and grammatically sound.

In Persian, there are several verbs that share a semantic field with کدر کردن, but each has a specific nuance that makes it suitable for different contexts. Understanding these alternatives will greatly enrich your vocabulary and allow you to be more precise in your descriptions. The most common synonym is 'mat kardan' (to make matte/dull). This is often used in art and design. While 'kadar' implies a loss of clarity that might be accidental or negative, 'mat' often refers to a deliberate aesthetic choice, like 'shishe-ye mat' (frosted glass).

کدر کردن (Kadar Kardan): General use for making things opaque, murky, or dull. Often negative or accidental.
مات کردن (Mat Kardan): Specifically making a surface non-reflective or frosted. Often used in photography and décor.

نقاش برای از بین بردن درخشش، سطح تابلو را مات کرد. (The painter made the surface of the painting matte to remove the glare.)

Another alternative is 'tar kardan' (to blur). This is specifically used for vision or images. If you take a photo out of focus, you have 'tar'ed the image. While 'kadar kardan' means the material itself has become opaque, 'tar kardan' means the details are no longer sharp. For liquids, 'lay-alud kardan' (to make muddy/silty) is a more specific and descriptive choice than the general 'kadar kardan'. It implies the presence of sediment ('lay').

تار کردن (Tar Kardan): To blur or make out of focus (eyesight, lenses, photos).
تیره کردن (Tireh Kardan): To darken a color or reduce the amount of light in a room.

Lastly, 'aludeh kardan' (to contaminate/pollute) is often used in conjunction with 'kadar kardan' when talking about water or air. While 'aludeh kardan' refers to the act of adding pollutants, 'kadar kardan' refers to the visual result of that pollution. Choosing between these words depends on whether you want to focus on the cause (pollution), the visual effect (opacity), or the specific medium (blurriness for eyes, muddiness for water).

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In classical Persian poetry, 'kadar' is the ultimate enemy of 'safa' (clarity/purity). Poets often speak of the 'kadar' of the world's wine, meaning its hidden sorrows.

発音ガイド

UK /kæ.dæɾ kæɾ.dæn/

US /kə.dæɹ kɑɹ.dən/

The primary stress is on the last syllable of the prefix 'ka-DAR' and the last syllable of the auxiliary 'kar-DAN'.

韻が合う語

بدر کردن (badar kardan) حذر کردن (hazar kardan) گذر کردن (gozar kardan) نظر کردن (nazar kardan) سفر کردن (safar kardan) خبر کردن (khabar kardan) ضرر کردن (zarar kardan) اثر کردن (asar kardan)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'kadar' like 'kay-dar' (incorrect vowel).
Merging the two words into one without a slight pause.
Using a long 'a' (aa) in 'kadar' like 'kaadar' (incorrect).
Failing to tap the 'r' in 'kadar'.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable 'KA-dar'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but requires understanding the prefix-verb split.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct use of 'ra' and proper conjugation of the auxiliary verb.

スピーキング 3/5

Common in daily life; pronunciation is straightforward.

リスニング 3/5

Easily distinguishable due to the unique 'k-d-r' sound combination.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

کردن (kardan) آب (ab) شیشه (shishe) کثیف (kasif) پاک کردن (pak kardan)

次に学ぶ

شفاف (shaffaf) زلال (zolal) کدورت (kodurat) مات (mat) تار (tar)

上級

مکدر (mokaddar) تیره و تار (tireh o tar) ابهام (ebham) انعکاس (enekas)

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verbs (Hamkard)

کدر + کردن. Only the 'kardan' part changes.

Direct Object Marker 'Ra'

شیشه را کدر کردم. (I made the glass opaque.)

Passive Voice with 'Shodan'

آب کدر شد. (The water became murky.)

Causative with 'Kardan'

The structure itself is causative (making something be X).

Subjunctive Mood

باید مراقب باشی آب را کدر نکنی.

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レベル別の例文

من آب را کدر کردم.

I made the water murky.

Simple past tense: Subject + Object + ra + kadar + kardam.

بچه شیشه را کدر کرد.

The child made the glass opaque.

Third person singular past tense.

آیا تو آینه را کدر کردی؟

Did you make the mirror dull?

Question form using the past tense.

او با رنگ آب را کدر می‌کند.

He makes the water murky with paint.

Present continuous sense (habitual).

خاک آب را کدر کرد.

The soil made the water murky.

Inanimate subject with past tense verb.

ما نباید آب را کدر کنیم.

We should not make the water murky.

Negative modal 'nabayad' + present subjunctive.

شیر چای را کدر کرد.

The milk made the tea opaque.

Simple past tense.

دست کثیف عینک را کدر می‌کند.

A dirty hand makes the glasses dull.

General truth in the present tense.

گرد و غبار هوا را کدر کرده است.

Dust has made the air murky.

Present perfect tense (karde ast).

او با بخار دهانش شیشه را کدر کرد.

He made the glass opaque with his breath.

Using 'ba' (with) to show the instrument.

صابون ممکن است سنگ مرمر را کدر کند.

Soap might make the marble dull.

Use of 'momken ast' (it is possible) + subjunctive.

باران پنجره‌های تمیز را کدر کرد.

The rain made the clean windows murky.

Plural object 'panjereh-ha'.

چرا آب آکواریوم را کدر کردی؟

Why did you make the aquarium water murky?

Interrogative 'chera' (why).

این ماده شیمیایی محلول را کدر می‌کند.

This chemical makes the solution opaque.

Present tense for a scientific fact.

آفتاب رنگ ماشین را کدر کرده است.

The sun has made the car's paint dull.

Present perfect tense.

او سعی کرد با روغن سطح را کدر کند.

He tried to make the surface dull with oil.

Compound verb 'say kardan' + infinitive.

یک سوءتفاهم کوچک رابطه آن‌ها را کدر کرد.

A small misunderstanding clouded their relationship.

Metaphorical use of 'kadar kardan'.

دود کارخانه آسمان آبی را کدر کرده بود.

The factory smoke had made the blue sky murky.

Past perfect tense (karde bud).

او با حرف‌هایش فضای مهمانی را کدر کرد.

He clouded the atmosphere of the party with his words.

Metaphorical use for 'atmosphere' (faza).

اگر از این پاک‌کننده استفاده کنی، فلز را کدر می‌کنی.

If you use this cleaner, you will make the metal dull.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

خبر بد، شادی ما را کدر کرد.

The bad news clouded our joy.

Abstract object 'shadi' (joy).

آلودگی نوری دیدن ستاره‌ها را کدر کرده است.

Light pollution has obscured the view of the stars.

Gerund 'didan' as part of the object.

او نمی‌خواست با گریه چشمانش را کدر کند.

She didn't want to dull her eyes with crying.

Negative 'nemikhast' + infinitive.

مواد زاید رودخانه را کدر کرده‌اند.

Waste materials have made the river murky.

Plural subject and plural verb agreement.

این سیاست‌های غلط، آینده اقتصادی کشور را کدر کرده است.

These wrong policies have clouded the country's economic future.

Abstract political/economic context.

نویسنده با ابهام‌گویی، هدف داستان را کدر کرد.

The author clouded the goal of the story with ambiguity.

Literary analysis context.

رسوبات آهکی لوله‌ها را کدر و مسدود کرده‌اند.

Lime scale deposits have made the pipes dull and clogged.

Technical/Maintenance context.

تعصب می‌تواند حقیقت را در ذهن انسان کدر کند.

Prejudice can obscure the truth in the human mind.

Philosophical/Psychological context.

او سعی داشت با دروغ، چهره واقعی خود را کدر نکند.

He tried not to obscure his true face (reputation) with lies.

Negative subjunctive in a complex sentence.

افزودن ناخالصی، بلورهای الماس را کدر می‌کند.

Adding impurities makes the diamond crystals opaque.

Scientific/Gemological context.

تداخل امواج، تصویر تلویزیون را کدر کرده بود.

Signal interference had made the TV picture fuzzy/cloudy.

Technical context for electronics.

این واقعه تاریخی، روابط دو کشور را برای سال‌ها کدر کرد.

This historical event clouded the relations between the two countries for years.

Diplomatic/Historical context.

تردیدهای فلسفی، باورهای یقین‌آور او را کدر کرده بود.

Philosophical doubts had clouded his certain beliefs.

High-register vocabulary (yaghin-avar).

مداخلات بیجا، شفافیت فرآیند دادرسی را کدر کرد.

Unwarranted interventions clouded the transparency of the judicial process.

Legal/Institutional context.

شاعر با استفاده از استعاره‌های پیچیده، معنای متن را کدر می‌کند.

The poet obscures the meaning of the text by using complex metaphors.

Literary criticism context.

خشم آنی، بصیرت او را برای لحظه‌ای کدر کرد.

Momentary anger clouded his insight for a moment.

Psychological/Spiritual context.

رسانه‌ها با جنجال‌آفرینی، فضای نقد منصفانه را کدر کرده‌اند.

The media have clouded the atmosphere for fair criticism by creating hype.

Sociological/Media studies context.

اکسیداسیون تدریجی، درخشش نقره‌های قدیمی را کدر کرده است.

Gradual oxidation has dulled the shine of the old silver.

Scientific/Descriptive context.

او با رفتارهای دوگانه، اعتماد همکارانش را کدر کرد.

He clouded his colleagues' trust with his dual behaviors.

Professional/Interpersonal context.

مه غلیظ، چشم‌انداز کوهستان را به کلی کدر کرده بود.

The thick fog had completely obscured the mountain view.

Advanced descriptive context.

این نظریه جدید، وضوح پارادایم‌های قبلی را کدر کرده و پرسش‌های نویی برانگیخته است.

This new theory has clouded the clarity of previous paradigms and raised new questions.

Academic/Epistemological context.

او با ظرافتی خاص، مرز میان واقعیت و خیال را در آثارش کدر می‌کند.

With a specific subtlety, he obscures the boundary between reality and fantasy in his works.

Artistic/Literary masterpiece context.

تضاد منافع، بی‌طرفی هیئت داوران را به شدت کدر کرده است.

Conflict of interest has severely clouded the impartiality of the jury.

Formal legal/ethical context.

غبار زمان، خاطرات جمعی یک ملت را کدر کرده و حقایق را دگرگون می‌سازد.

The dust of time clouds the collective memories of a nation and transforms truths.

Historical/Philosophical context.

نویسنده تعمداً با نثر مسجع، صراحت کلام را کدر کرده است تا بر جنبه‌های هنری تأکید ورزد.

The author has intentionally clouded the directness of speech with rhymed prose to emphasize artistic aspects.

Advanced literary register.

آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی نه تنها آب، بلکه زیست‌بوم منطقه را کدر و رنجور کرده است.

Environmental pollution has not only clouded the water but also made the region's ecosystem ailing.

Eco-critical context.

او با ذکاوت، ردپای جرم را کدر کرد تا بازرسان را به گمراهی بکشاند.

He cleverly obscured the trail of the crime to mislead the investigators.

Narrative/Crime genre context.

ابهامات موجود در قرارداد، مسیر همکاری‌های آتی را کدر کرده است.

The ambiguities in the contract have clouded the path for future collaborations.

Professional/Contractual context.

よく使う組み合わせ

کدر کردن آب

کدر کردن شیشه

کدر کردن رابطه

کدر کردن آینده

کدر کردن رنگ

کدر کردن آینه

کدر کردن فضا

کدر کردن ذهن

کدر کردن جواهرات

کدر کردن دید

よく使うフレーズ

آب را کدر کردن

— To make water murky, often used literally but can imply causing trouble.

ماهی‌ها با حرکت خود آب را کدر کردند.

خاطر کسی را کدر کردن

— To upset or sadden someone (usually using 'mokaddar').

نمی‌خواستم با این خبر خاطرت را کدر کنم.

رنگ کدر کردن

— To make a color look dull or washed out.

شستشوی زیاد رنگ لباس را کدر کرد.

فضای سیاسی را کدر کردن

— To make the political atmosphere uncertain or tense.

شایعات فضای سیاسی را کدر کرده است.

دید را کدر کردن

— To obscure one's vision.

گرد و غبار دید ما را کدر کرد.

آینه را کدر کردن

— To make a mirror lose its reflection.

رطوبت حمام آینه را کدر کرد.

شفافیت را کدر کردن

— To reduce transparency in a process or material.

فساد مالی شفافیت نظام را کدر کرد.

چای را کدر کردن

— To make tea look cloudy (usually by adding something).

آب سرد چای را کدر می‌کند.

هوا را کدر کردن

— To make the air hazy or smoggy.

آلودگی هوای شهر را کدر کرده است.

ذهن را کدر کردن

— To cloud one's thinking or judgment.

تعصب ذهن او را کدر کرده بود.

よく混同される語

کدر کردن vs تیره کردن

Tireh kardan means making darker; kadar kardan means making less clear.

کدر کردن vs مات کردن

Mat kardan is often a deliberate aesthetic choice for surfaces.

کدر کردن vs تار کردن

Tar kardan specifically refers to blurring vision or focal points.

慣用句と表現

"آب را گل‌آلود کردن و ماهی گرفتن"

— To muddy the waters to catch fish (to take advantage of a confused situation).

او همیشه سعی می‌کند آب را کدر کند و ماهی بگیرد.

Informal/Proverbial

"خاطر مکدر داشتن"

— To have a clouded (saddened) mind/heart.

او از رفتارهای پسرش خاطری مکدر داشت.

Formal

"گرد کدر بر چیزی نشستن"

— For a 'dull dust' to settle on something (to lose its glory or freshness).

گرد کدر بر خاطرات قدیمی نشسته بود.

Literary

"دل کسی را کدر کردن"

— To make someone's heart heavy or to cause a grudge.

با این حرف دل دوستت را کدر نکن.

Neutral

"چشم حقیقت‌بین را کدر کردن"

— To cloud the eye that sees the truth.

طمع چشم حقیقت‌بین او را کدر کرده بود.

Literary

"آینه دل را کدر کردن"

— To cloud the mirror of the heart (spiritual impurity).

گناه آینه دل را کدر می‌کند.

Religious/Sufi

"آسمان زندگی را کدر کردن"

— To make someone's life gloomy or difficult.

مشکلات مالی آسمان زندگی آن‌ها را کدر کرد.

Poetic

"شفافیت را به مسلخ کدر کردن بردن"

— To sacrifice transparency for the sake of obscurity (highly formal).

او با پنهان‌کاری، شفافیت را کدر کرد.

Journalistic

"کدر کردن چشمه از سرچشمه"

— To muddy the spring from the source (to ruin something fundamentally).

مدیریت غلط، کار را از سرچشمه کدر کرد.

Proverbial

"کدر کردن رنگ واقعیت"

— To distort the color of reality.

تبلیغات دروغین رنگ واقعیت را کدر می‌کنند.

Neutral

間違えやすい

کدر کردن vs تیره (Tireh)

Both relate to a loss of light/clarity.

Tireh is about the depth of color (dark vs light). Kadar is about the quality of the medium (clear vs murky).

آسمان شب تیره است، اما آسمان غبارآلود کدر است.

کدر کردن vs مات (Mat)

Both describe a lack of shine.

Mat usually refers to a texture or finish (like matte paint). Kadar refers to a lack of transparency or a tainted clarity.

شیشه مات نور را پخش می‌کند، اما شیشه کدر کثیف به نظر می‌رسد.

کدر کردن vs تار (Tar)

Both involve difficulty in seeing through something.

Tar is an optical issue (blurriness). Kadar is a material issue (opacity).

بدون عینک همه چیز تار است، اما پشت پنجره کثیف همه چیز کدر است.

کدر کردن vs کثیف (Kasif)

Dirtiness often causes opacity.

Kasif is about the presence of unwanted matter. Kadar is about the resulting visual state.

آب ممکن است به خاطر مواد شیمیایی کدر باشد ولی لزوماً کثیف نباشد.

کدر کردن vs مکدر (Mokaddar)

It is the formal version of kadar.

Mokaddar is almost always for feelings (sadness). Kadar is for objects.

او از شنیدن خبر فوت دوستش مکدر شد.

文型パターン

[Object] را کدر کردم.

آب را کدر کردم.

[Subject] دارد [Object] را کدر می‌کند.

بچه دارد شیشه را کدر می‌کند.

[Abstract Subject] رابطه را کدر کرد.

دروغ رابطه را کدر کرد.

اگر [Condition]، [Object] کدر می‌شود.

اگر خاک بریزی، آب کدر می‌شود.

[Subject] نباید اجازه دهد [Object] کدر شود.

ما نباید اجازه دهیم هوای شهر کدر شود.

با کدر کردن [Noun]، [Effect] حاصل شد.

با کدر کردن حقیقت، مردم گمراه شدند.

[Noun] که کدر شده بود، نیاز به [Action] داشت.

آینه‌ای که کدر شده بود، نیاز به صیقل داشت.

هرچه [Noun] کدرتر شود، [Noun] دشوارتر می‌گردد.

هرچه فضا کدرتر شود، تصمیم‌گیری دشوارتر می‌گردد.

語族

名詞

کدورت (kodurat) - Murkiness, gloom, or a grudge.

کدری (kadari) - Opacity, dullness.

動詞

کدر شدن (kadar shodan) - To become opaque or murky.

مکدر کردن (mokaddar kardan) - To sadden or upset (formal).

形容詞

کدر (kadar) - Opaque, dull, murky.

مکدر (mokaddar) - Saddened, upset, or clouded.

使い方

frequency

Common in descriptive and emotional contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 'kadar kardan' for 'making it dark'. → تیره کردن (tireh kardan)
Kadar is about opacity/turbidity, not the amount of light/darkness.
Saying 'kadar shodam' to mean 'I am dirty'. → کثیف شدم (kasif shodam)
Kadar refers to clarity, not personal cleanliness.
Forgetting 'ra' after the object. → شیشه را کدر کرد.
This is a transitive verb and requires an object marker.
Using 'kadar kardan' for out-of-focus photos. → تار کردن (tar kardan)
Optical blurring is 'tar', while material opacity is 'kadar'.
Using 'mokaddar kardan' for a glass of water. → کدر کردن (kadar kardan)
'Mokaddar' is reserved for formal emotional contexts.

ヒント

Compound Verb Split

Remember that in negative forms, the 'ne' goes before 'kardan', not 'kadar'. Example: 'kadar nakon' (don't make it opaque).

Use with 'Ra'

Always use the object marker 'ra' because 'kadar kardan' is a transitive verb. 'Ab ra kadar kard' (He clouded the water).

Formal Contexts

In formal letters, use 'mokaddar' when expressing that you are sorry to have bothered someone.

Kadar vs Mat

Use 'mat' for intentional design (matte finish) and 'kadar' for unintentional dullness (tarnish/smudge).

Stress

The stress is on the second syllable of 'kadar'. Practice saying 'ka-DAR' to sound more native.

Clouded Judgment

Use 'kadar kardan-e zehn' to describe how emotions can cloud someone's ability to think clearly.

Environmental Use

This is a great word for describing pollution. 'Dood hava ra kadar mikonad' (Smoke clouds the air).

Descriptive Power

Instead of just saying something is 'dirty', use 'kadar' to describe exactly how the light doesn't pass through it anymore.

Avoiding Grudges

Understand that 'kodurat' (noun) is a serious word for a grudge. Don't 'kadar' your friendships!

The 'K' Connection

Connect 'Kadar' with 'Kardan'. They both start with K. It is one of the most common K-K compound verbs.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Kadar' as 'Cloudy' and 'Kardan' as 'to Create'. You are 'Creating Cloudiness'. Both start with 'C'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a clear glass of water. Now imagine someone dropping a spoonful of 'Cocoa' (starts with K/C) into it. The Cocoa makes it 'Kadar'.

Word Web

Water Glass Mirror Pollution Cloudy Opaque Sadness Dull

チャレンジ

Try to find three things in your room that are 'kadar' and say out loud what 'kadar kard' them (e.g., 'The dust made the TV kadar').

語源

The word 'kadar' originates from the Arabic root K-D-R (کدر), which relates to being turbid or muddy. It was borrowed into Persian and combined with the native Persian auxiliary verb 'kardan'.

元の意味： The original Arabic meaning specifically referred to the turbidity of water or the darkening of the sky.

Afro-Asiatic (Arabic root) + Indo-European (Persian auxiliary).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this for people's complexions, as it can be taken as a comment on health or beauty in a sensitive way.

English speakers might use 'clouding' or 'muddying' in similar ways, but Persian uses 'kadar kardan' more broadly for any loss of luster, including on metals or jewelry.

Hafez often contrasts 'Safa' with 'Kadar' in his ghazals. Modern environmental campaigns in Tehran use 'kadar kardan' to describe smog. Traditional Iranian medicine (Unani/Avicenna) uses 'kadar' to describe the quality of certain bodily fluids.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Cleaning/Housework

شیشه کدر شده
کدر کردن آینه
پاک کردن لکه‌های کدر
چرا کدرش کردی؟

Environment

کدر کردن هوای شهر
آلودگی آب را کدر کرده
ذرات معلق
کاهش دید

Relationships

کدر کردن روابط
رفع کدورت
دلخوری و کدر شدن
حرف‌های کدرکننده

Art/Science

کدر کردن محلول
رنگ‌های کدر
مات و کدر
تغییر ضریب شکست

Cooking

کدر کردن آبگوشت
جوشاندن زیاد
اضافه کردن آرد
شفاف ماندن مایع

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال آلودگی هوا دید شما را کدر کرده است؟"

"چگونه می‌توان از کدر کردن جواهرات نقره جلوگیری کرد؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید شبکه‌های اجتماعی روابط را کدر می‌کنند؟"

"در نقاشی، چه زمانی ترجیح می‌دهید رنگ‌ها را کدر کنید؟"

"چه چیزی بیشتر از همه خاطر شما را کدر می‌کند؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک سوءتفاهم رابطه شما را با دوستی کدر کرد.

توصیف کنید که چگونه گرد و غبار می‌تواند زیبایی یک اتاق را کدر کند.

آیا تا به حال احساس کرده‌اید که خستگی ذهن شما را کدر کرده است؟ توضیح دهید.

نقش رسانه‌ها را در کدر کردن حقیقت در دنیای امروز بررسی کنید.

یک خاطره بنویسید که در آن باران منظره‌ای زیبا را برای شما کدر کرد.

よくある質問

10 問

No, you should use 'tireh kardan' or 'tarik kardan' for that. 'Kadar kardan' is for transparency and luster.

Yes, it is very common in both spoken and written Persian, especially at an intermediate level.

'Kadar kardan' is general and often physical. 'Mokaddar kardan' is formal and usually refers to making someone's heart/mind sad.

You can say 'Shishe dareh kadar mishe' (The glass is becoming opaque).

Yes, if a color looks dull or washed out, you can say the color has been 'kadar'ed.

Yes, it is used to describe the turbidity of liquids in chemistry and biology.

The opposite of 'kadar kardan' for water would be 'shaffaf kardan' or 'zolal kardan'.

Yes, the auxiliary 'kardan' follows regular conjugation patterns.

It is less common for voices; 'gerefteh' (hoarse) is usually used instead.

Rarely. It almost always implies a loss of a better, clearer state.

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