قوانین 30秒で
- Ghavānin is the plural of Ghanun, meaning laws or rules.
- It is used in legal, scientific, and everyday social contexts.
- Common verbs include 'observe' (re'āyat) and 'violate' (naghz).
- It is a broken plural, essential for formal Persian communication.
The Persian word قوانین (Ghavānin) is the broken plural (jam-e mokassar) of the word قانون (Ghanun), which translates to 'law' or 'rule'. In its essence, it refers to a structured system of regulations that govern behavior within a society, an organization, or even a scientific framework. When we speak of قوانین, we are moving beyond a single directive to a comprehensive body of mandates that ensure order and justice. This term is foundational in Persian legal, social, and academic discourse, representing the collective boundaries that define what is permissible and what is prohibited.
- Etymological Root
- Derived from the Arabic root 'q-n-n', which originally entered Arabic from the Greek 'kanon' (standard/measuring rod). It implies a standard of measurement for conduct.
- Scope of Application
- It covers everything from traffic regulations (قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی) to the laws of physics (قوانین فیزیک) and international treaties.
- Societal Role
- In Persian culture, respect for 'Ghavānin' is often associated with 'Nazm' (order) and 'Enzebāt' (discipline).
همه شهروندان باید از قوانین کشور پیروی کنند.
رعایت قوانین بازی برای همه الزامی است.
او به قوانین طبیعت احترام میگذارد.
- Grammatical Note
- As a broken plural, it is treated as a plural noun, requiring plural verbs in formal contexts, though in informal speech, inanimate plurals sometimes take singular verbs.
Using قوانین correctly requires an understanding of its typical collocations and the verbs it pairs with. In Persian, you don't just 'do' laws; you 'enact' them, 'follow' them, or 'violate' them. The word functions as a noun and can be the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. Whether you are discussing the strict قوانین سختگیرانه (strict laws) of a workplace or the قوانین نانوشته (unwritten rules) of social etiquette, the word remains a versatile tool for describing structure.
- Following Laws: Use the verb 'پیروی کردن' (peyravi kardan) or 'رعایت کردن' (re'āyat kardan).
- Breaking Laws: Use 'نقض کردن' (naghz kardan) or 'زیر پا گذاشتن' (zir-e pā gozāshtan).
- Enacting Laws: Use 'وضع کردن' (vaz' kardan) or 'تصویب کردن' (tasvib kardan).
- Formal vs. Informal
- In formal writing (legal documents, news), 'Ghavānin' is almost exclusively used. In very casual speech, you might hear 'Ghanun-ha', but 'Ghavānin' is so common that it doesn't sound overly stiff even in conversation.
You will encounter قوانین in a variety of environments, ranging from the highly formal to the everyday. In the legal sphere, it is the bread and butter of courtrooms and parliamentary debates. In educational settings, teachers often discuss the 'قوانین مدرسه' (school rules) on the first day of class. Even in digital spaces, you'll see 'قوانین و مقررات' (Terms and Conditions) at the bottom of every Persian website.
مجلس در حال بررسی قوانین جدید مالیاتی است.
In sports, commentators frequently mention the 'قوانین داوری' (refereeing rules) when a controversial decision is made. In science, a professor might lecture on the 'قوانین ترمودینامیک' (laws of thermodynamics). The word is ubiquitous because it provides the framework for understanding how any system—social, physical, or virtual—operates.
Learners often struggle with the pluralization and the nuances of 'Ghavānin'. One common mistake is trying to pluralize it again, like saying 'Ghavānin-ha', which is redundant since 'Ghavānin' is already plural. Another error is using the wrong preposition; for example, saying 'قوانین به' instead of 'قوانینِ' (using the Ezafe construction) when specifying the type of law.
- Redundant Pluralization: Avoid 'Ghavānin-ha'. Stick to 'Ghavānin'.
- Verb Agreement: In formal Persian, a plural subject like 'Ghavānin' should take a plural verb (e.g., 'تغییر کردند' - they changed), but learners often use the singular.
- Contextual Misuse: Using 'Ghavānin' for personal habits. For personal rules, 'Ghaedeh' (قاعده) or 'Ravesh' (روش) is often better.
Understanding the synonyms of قوانین helps in choosing the right word for the right context. While 'Ghavānin' is the general term for laws, other words offer more specificity.
- مقررات (Moghararāt)
- Refers to regulations or specific bylaws, often more administrative than 'Ghavānin'.
- ضوابط (Zavābet)
- Criteria or standards, often used in technical or architectural contexts.
- آییننامه (Āyin-nāme)
- A directive or a set of procedural rules, usually within an organization.
- اصول (Osul)
- Principles or fundamentals, often used for theoretical or moral frameworks.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Broken Plurals in Persian
Ezafe Construction
Subject-Verb Agreement with Inanimate Plurals
Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'
Adjective Placement
レベル別の例文
قوانین مدرسه ساده هستند.
The school rules are simple.
Simple plural subject with a plural verb.
ما باید قوانین بازی را بدانیم.
We must know the rules of the game.
Object of the sentence.
این قوانین برای همه است.
These rules are for everyone.
Demonstrative 'این' with plural noun.
قوانین خانه ما چیست؟
What are our house rules?
Interrogative sentence.
او قوانین را دوست ندارد.
He doesn't like the rules.
Negative verb with plural object.
قوانین جدید را بخوان.
Read the new rules.
Imperative sentence.
کتاب قوانین کجاست؟
Where is the rule book?
Compound noun with Ezafe.
اینها قوانین کلاس هستند.
These are the class rules.
Plural demonstrative 'اینها'.
قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی مهم هستند.
Traffic laws are important.
Common collocation.
شما باید به قوانین احترام بگذارید.
You must respect the laws.
Compound verb 'احترام گذاشتن'.
در این شهر قوانین سختی وجود دارد.
There are strict laws in this city.
Adjective 'سخت' modifying the noun.
قوانین طبیعت تغییر نمیکنند.
The laws of nature do not change.
Abstract usage.
آیا قوانین را رعایت میکنی؟
Do you observe the rules?
Verb 'رعایت کردن'.
قوانین این کتابخانه چیست؟
What are the rules of this library?
Genitive construction.
او تمام قوانین را میشناسد.
He knows all the rules.
Use of 'تمام' (all).
ما قوانین جدیدی داریم.
We have new rules.
Indefinite plural 'جدیدی'.
قوانین کار در این شرکت منصفانه است.
Labor laws in this company are fair.
Specific professional context.
دولت قوانین جدیدی برای مالیات وضع کرد.
The government enacted new laws for taxes.
Verb 'وضع کردن' (to enact).
رعایت قوانین اجتماعی نشانه فرهنگ است.
Observing social rules is a sign of culture.
Gerund as subject.
او قوانین فیزیک را به خوبی میفهمد.
He understands the laws of physics well.
Scientific context.
بدون قوانین، جامعه دچار هرج و مرج میشود.
Without laws, society falls into chaos.
Conditional logic.
قوانین مهاجرت در حال تغییر هستند.
Immigration laws are changing.
Continuous tense.
باید قوانین را برای همه توضیح دهیم.
We must explain the rules to everyone.
Modal verb 'باید'.
این قوانین از حقوق شهروندان دفاع میکنند.
These laws defend the rights of citizens.
Verb 'دفاع کردن'.
مجلس قوانین مربوط به محیط زیست را تصویب کرد.
The parliament passed laws related to the environment.
Verb 'تصویب کردن'.
نقض قوانین بینالمللی عواقب سنگینی دارد.
Violating international laws has heavy consequences.
Verb 'نقض کردن'.
قوانین حاکم بر بازار باید شفاف باشند.
The laws governing the market must be transparent.
Participle 'حاکم بر'.
او به دلیل عدم رعایت قوانین جریمه شد.
He was fined for not observing the laws.
Passive voice.
قوانین نانوشتهای در هر جامعه وجود دارد.
There are unwritten rules in every society.
Concept of 'unwritten rules'.
ما نیاز به بازنگری در قوانین قدیمی داریم.
We need a revision of the old laws.
Noun 'بازنگری'.
قوانین کپیرایت در فضای مجازی بسیار مهم هستند.
Copyright laws are very important in cyberspace.
Modern context.
این قوانین بر اساس عدالت تنظیم شدهاند.
These laws are organized based on justice.
Prepositional phrase 'بر اساس'.
قوانین اساسی هر کشور چارچوب قدرت را تعیین میکنند.
The constitutional laws of each country determine the framework of power.
Political science terminology.
تطبیق قوانین داخلی با استانداردهای جهانی ضروری است.
Aligning domestic laws with global standards is essential.
Complex noun phrase.
او در مورد فلسفه قوانین تحقیق میکند.
He is researching the philosophy of laws.
Academic context.
قوانین کیفری باید بازدارنده باشند.
Criminal laws must be deterrent.
Legal adjective 'کیفری'.
تفسیر قوانین توسط قضات انجام میشود.
The interpretation of laws is done by judges.
Legal process.
قوانین موضوعه ممکن است با قوانین اخلاقی تفاوت داشته باشند.
Positive laws may differ from moral laws.
Legal philosophy.
او به نقض سیستماتیک قوانین متهم شد.
He was accused of systematic violation of laws.
Advanced adverb 'سیستماتیک'.
قوانین تجارت آزاد باعث رشد اقتصادی میشوند.
Free trade laws cause economic growth.
Economic context.
قوانین موضوعه بازتابی از اراده سیاسی حاکمیت هستند.
Statutory laws are a reflection of the political will of the sovereignty.
High-level political vocabulary.
درهمتنیدگی قوانین و عرف در جوامع سنتی مشهود است.
The intertwining of laws and customs is evident in traditional societies.
Abstract noun 'درهمتنیدگی'.
قوانین حمورابی از قدیمیترین متون حقوقی جهان است.
The Laws of Hammurabi are among the oldest legal texts in the world.
Historical reference.
او به شکلی موشکافانه قوانین مدنی را تحلیل کرد.
He analyzed the civil laws in a meticulous manner.
Adverb 'موشکافانه'.
عدم شفافیت در قوانین میتواند منجر به فساد شود.
Lack of transparency in laws can lead to corruption.
Causal relationship.
قوانین حاکم بر فضا-زمان هنوز به طور کامل شناخته نشدهاند.
The laws governing space-time are not yet fully known.
Advanced scientific context.
او خواستار اصلاحات ساختاری در قوانین قضایی شد.
He called for structural reforms in judicial laws.
Political demand.
قوانین باید به گونهای باشند که کرامت انسانی را حفظ کنند.
Laws must be such that they preserve human dignity.
Philosophical imperative.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
Usually refers to grammar rules or logical principles.
The singular form (one law).
A religious term in prayer, sounds slightly similar.
文型パターン
使い方
Ghavānin is more formal than Ghanun-ha.
In science, it refers to universal constants (e.g., Laws of Motion).
- Using 'Ghanun' when you mean multiple rules.
- Saying 'Ghavānin-ha'.
- Forgetting the Ezafe in 'Ghavānin-e madreseh'.
- Confusing 'Ghavānin' with 'Ghaedeh' (grammar rule).
- Using singular verbs with 'Ghavānin' in formal writing.
ヒント
Learn the Singular
Always learn 'Ghanun' alongside 'Ghavānin' to understand the broken plural pattern.
Ezafe Usage
Remember to use the Ezafe (Ghavānin-e...) when adding a description or owner.
Social Norms
Iranians value 'Ghavānin-e ejtemā'i' (social rules) highly in public spaces.
Intonation
Put emphasis on the 'vā' syllable for a natural sound.
Formal Contexts
Use 'Ghavānin' in any written application or formal letter.
News Keywords
This is a high-frequency word in Persian news; learn it to improve reading speed.
Identify Patterns
Listen for the 'in' ending which often signifies a plural in Arabic-derived words.
The 'V' Connection
The 'V' in Ghavānin is like a 'V' for 'Variety' of rules.
Scientific Laws
Don't hesitate to use it for physics or math; it's the correct term.
Double Plurals
Never add '-ha' to 'Ghavānin'. It marks you as a beginner.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Ghavānin' as a 'Gala of Ghanuns'. A gala is a big collection, just like Ghavānin is a collection of laws.
語源
Arabic plural of 'Qanun'
文化的な背景
Iran's legal system is a mix of civil law and Islamic law (Sharia).
There are many 'unwritten rules' (Ta'arof) that function alongside formal laws.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"به نظر شما کدام قوانین باید تغییر کنند؟"
"آیا قوانین رانندگی در کشور شما سخت است؟"
"مهمترین قوانین در خانه شما چیست؟"
"آیا قوانین بازی شطرنج را بلدید؟"
"چرا جوامع به قوانین نیاز دارند؟"
日記のテーマ
درباره قانونی بنویسید که به نظر شما ناعادلانه است.
اگر شما قانونگذار بودید، چه قانونی وضع میکردید؟
تأثیر قوانین بر زندگی روزمره شما چیست؟
آیا قوانین نانوشته مهمتر از قوانین نوشته شده هستند؟
یک روز بدون هیچ قانونی را تصور کنید و توصیف کنید.
よくある質問
10 問It is plural. The singular is 'Ghanun'.
It is grammatically redundant and generally avoided in correct Persian.
Ghavānin are broader laws; Moghararāt are specific regulations.
Yes, like 'Ghavānin-e Newton' (Newton's Laws).
You can say 'naghz-e ghavānin' or 'zir-e pā gozāshtan-e ghavānin'.
Yes, it is the standard formal plural.
No, Persian nouns do not have gender.
A 'Ghanun-gozār'.
Yes, 'Ghavānin-e bāzi'.
It is an Arabic broken plural used in Persian.
自分をテスト 96 問
/ 96 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Ghavānin is the standard Persian term for 'laws' or 'rules'. It is a broken plural of 'Ghanun' and is used to describe everything from government legislation and scientific principles to simple game rules.
- Ghavānin is the plural of Ghanun, meaning laws or rules.
- It is used in legal, scientific, and everyday social contexts.
- Common verbs include 'observe' (re'āyat) and 'violate' (naghz).
- It is a broken plural, essential for formal Persian communication.
Learn the Singular
Always learn 'Ghanun' alongside 'Ghavānin' to understand the broken plural pattern.
Ezafe Usage
Remember to use the Ezafe (Ghavānin-e...) when adding a description or owner.
Social Norms
Iranians value 'Ghavānin-e ejtemā'i' (social rules) highly in public spaces.
Intonation
Put emphasis on the 'vā' syllable for a natural sound.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1「عادی」という言葉は「普通」や「通常」を意味します。例えば、「普通の生活」(زندگی عادی)。
عافیت
B2幸福、健康、安寧。くしゃみの後に「お大事に」という意味で使われることが多い言葉です。
عاجل
B2緊急の；即時の対応や行動が必要な。例：「至急のニュース」や「早急な回復」。
عاقبت
C1結果、結末、あるいは「ついに」。 'عاقبت پیروز شد.' (彼はついに勝利した。)
عاقل
A1賢明な、分別のあ。理性的で正しい判断ができる人。
عالمگیر
C1世界的な、普遍的な。世界全体に広がるもの。
عالی
A1「Aali」はペルシャ語で「素晴らしい」や「優秀な」を意味します。
عام
B1「Am」という言葉は「一般的」または「公共の」を意味します。
اعم از
B2〜を含めて、〜を問わず（選択肢を導入する際に使用）。
