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A2 adjective 10分で読める

مقدس

moqaddas

練習する例文メモとヒント مقدس 30秒で

解説 مقدس in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know that مقدس (Moqaddas) means 'holy.' It is a word used for very important religious things. You will most likely see it in the name of the 'Holy Book' (کتاب مقدس). Think of it as a special label for things that people respect very much because of God or religion. You don't need to use it in everyday conversation about food or toys. Just remember it for religious places like mosques or churches. For example, 'This is a holy place' is این یک مکان مقدس است. It is an adjective, so it usually comes after the noun with a small 'e' sound connecting them. It is a 'big' word, so use it with a serious face! Even at this early stage, knowing this word helps you read signs near religious buildings in Iran or Tajikistan.

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As an A2 learner, you can start using مقدس (Moqaddas) to describe things that are sacred to people, not just books. You should understand that it means 'sacred' or 'set apart.' You might hear it in the news when they talk about 'Sacred Defense' (دفاع مقدس), which is how Iranians talk about the war with Iraq. It shows that the word can be used for things like 'duty' or 'homeland.' You should also practice the Ezafe correctly: شهرِ مقدس (holy city). Notice that the word doesn't change if the noun is plural. You can say کتاب‌های مقدس (holy books). At this level, you should be able to identify the word in simple sentences and understand that it implies a high level of respect. It is a good word to use when you want to show you understand cultural values.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using مقدس in more abstract ways. It isn't just for physical objects; it can describe ideals or promises. For example, 'A sacred promise' (پیمان مقدس). You should also learn the plural form used in formal writing: مقدسات (Moqaddasāt), which means 'sanctities' or 'holy things.' You might hear people say, 'We must respect the sanctities of others.' This shows a more advanced understanding of social and religious boundaries. You should also be able to distinguish 'Moqaddas' from 'Pāk' (pure). Remember that 'Moqaddas' always has a religious or transcendental 'vibe,' while 'Pāk' can just mean clean. You can start using it in short essays about culture or religion to add a level of sophistication to your Persian.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the historical and political weight of مقدس. In Iran, this word is heavily used in official discourse. You should recognize how it is used to frame certain events as spiritual missions. You can also use the comparative and superlative forms: مقدس‌تر and مقدس‌ترین. For example, comparing the importance of different religious sites. You should be able to discuss the concept of 'the sacred' in a basic debate or discussion. For instance, 'Is art sacred?' (آیا هنر مقدس است؟). Your pronunciation should be accurate, especially the 'Q' sound, and you should be able to use the word in complex sentences with multiple clauses. You are now moving beyond the literal definition into the cultural 'flavor' of the word.

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At the C1 level, you should explore the use of مقدس in classical and modern literature. Poets like Rumi and Hafez use the word to describe the divine beloved or the mystical path. You should understand the nuance of 'Moqaddas' when it's used metaphorically to describe a secular concept, which often serves to elevate that concept to a higher moral plane. You should also be familiar with related theological terms like قدوسی (Qodsi) or تقدیس (Taqdis - sanctification). You should be able to write detailed analyses of cultural texts where the concept of holiness is central. At this level, you aren't just using the word; you are analyzing how the word shapes the world-view of the speaker or writer. You should be able to use it in academic contexts without error.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of مقدس. You can use it with irony, sarcasm, or deep sincerity, depending on the context. You understand the subtle differences between this word and its Arabic-derived synonyms like مطهر, منزه, and سبحان. You can engage in high-level theological or philosophical discussions about the nature of the sacred in Persian thought. You should be able to translate complex English philosophical texts into Persian, choosing 'Moqaddas' or its alternatives based on the specific philosophical tradition being discussed (e.g., Rudolf Otto’s 'The Idea of the Holy'). Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker with a high level of education, and you can appreciate the word's resonance in various historical eras of the Persian language.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

مقدس 30秒で

Moqaddas means holy or sacred in Persian, used for religious items and locations.
It comes from an Arabic root meaning purity and is a high-register, respectful word.
Commonly found in titles like 'Holy Book' or historical terms like 'Sacred Defense'.
It follows the noun it modifies using the Ezafe construction (e.g., Ketāb-e Moqaddas).

The Persian word مقدس (Moqaddas) is a profound adjective that translates primarily to 'holy,' 'sacred,' or 'sanctified.' Rooted in the Arabic triliteral root Q-D-S, which pertains to purity and holiness, it carries a weight that transcends everyday mundane descriptions. In the Persian language, calling something مقدس implies that it is set apart from the ordinary, often dedicated to a divine purpose or deserving of the highest form of respect and veneration. It is not merely a descriptive term but an evaluative one, often used to establish a boundary between the secular and the spiritual realms.

Religious Sanctity: In its most common usage, it refers to religious artifacts, locations, and scriptures. For example, the Bible is referred to as کتاب مقدس (Ketāb-e Moqaddas). Similarly, shrines and temples are often described with this adjective to signify their status as dwellings of the divine or sites of pilgrimage.

این شهر برای پیروان بسیاری از ادیان یک مکان مقدس است. (This city is a holy place for followers of many religions.)

National and Historical Reverence: Beyond strictly religious contexts, 'Moqaddas' is used in Iranian political and historical discourse. A notable example is the term دفاع مقدس (Defā-ye Moqaddas), or 'Sacred Defense,' which refers to the Iran-Iraq War. Here, the word elevates a national struggle to a level of spiritual duty and sacrifice, suggesting that defending one's homeland is a sanctified act.

When using this word, speakers often adopt a more formal or respectful tone. It is rarely used for trivial or mundane items unless used ironically. For instance, one would not call a sandwich 'sacred' unless they were making a specific cultural joke about their love for food. It is reserved for the sublime, the ancestral, and the divine. In modern literature, it can also describe abstract concepts like 'the sacred duty of a teacher' or 'the holy bond of friendship,' though even here, it retains a sense of gravity.

احترام به والدین در فرهنگ ما امری مقدس تلقی می‌شود. (Respecting parents is considered a sacred matter in our culture.)

Usage in Art and Literature: Persian poetry frequently employs 'Moqaddas' to describe the beloved or the path of the mystic. It signifies a level of purity that is untouched by the corruption of the material world. In these contexts, it is synonymous with 'untainted' or 'celestial.'

هنر در نگاه او یک رسالت مقدس بود. (Art was a holy mission in his view.)

آن‌ها در خاکی مقدس قدم می‌زدند. (They were walking on holy ground.)

In summary, 'Moqaddas' is a high-register word that demands respect. Use it when discussing religion, deep-seated traditions, or matters of profound moral importance. Its presence in a sentence immediately signals that the topic at hand is not to be taken lightly.

Using مقدس (Moqaddas) correctly requires an understanding of Persian adjective placement and the Ezafe construction. In Persian, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by a short 'e' sound (the Ezafe). For example, 'Holy Book' becomes کتابِ مقدس (Ketāb-e Moqaddas). This structure is essential for building meaningful phrases with this word.

Attributive Usage: When using 'Moqaddas' to describe a noun directly, ensure the Ezafe is audible or written if necessary. This is the most common way to use the word in titles or descriptions of objects.

او به زیارت اماکن مقدس رفت. (He went to visit holy places.)

Predicative Usage: You can also use 'Moqaddas' as a predicate adjective following a linking verb like 'to be' (بودن) or 'to become' (شدن). This is used to state that something is holy.

این معبد برای ما بسیار مقدس است. (This temple is very holy for us.)

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the intensity of the word. Because 'Moqaddas' is already a 'strong' word, using intensive adverbs like خیلی (very) or بسیار (extremely) should be done carefully. It is often more powerful when standing alone or paired with verbs that imply respect, such as دانستن (to consider/know) or شمردن (to count/regard).

بسیاری از مردم آزادی را حقی مقدس می‌دانند. (Many people consider freedom a sacred right.)

Comparative and Superlative: Though rare because holiness is often seen as absolute, you can form the comparative مقدس‌تر (moqaddas-tar - holier) and superlative مقدس‌ترین (moqaddas-tarin - holiest). Use these when comparing different sites or values.

کعبه مقدس‌ترین مکان در اسلام است. (The Kaaba is the holiest place in Islam.)

توهین به مقدسات در این کشور غیرقانونی است. (Insulting sanctities is illegal in this country.)

Finally, remember that 'Moqaddas' can be used metaphorically. When a poet refers to 'sacred wine' or 'sacred love,' they are using the word to elevate the subject to a transcendental plane. This is common in the works of Hafez and Rumi, where the lines between the earthly and the divine are intentionally blurred.

You will encounter مقدس in a wide variety of settings, ranging from daily news broadcasts to religious sermons and classical literature. Because Iran is a country with a deep religious and historical heritage, the concept of 'the sacred' is woven into the fabric of public life. Understanding where you hear this word will help you grasp its cultural significance.

News and Media: In Iranian state media, you will frequently hear the term نظام مقدس جمهوری اسلامی (The sacred system of the Islamic Republic). Here, the word is used to legitimize the political system by imbuing it with religious authority. You will also hear it during anniversaries of the Iran-Iraq war, referred to as the 'Sacred Defense.'

امروز سالگرد آغاز دفاع مقدس است. (Today is the anniversary of the start of the Sacred Defense.)

Religious Institutions and Pilgrimages: If you visit cities like Mashhad or Qom, you will hear this word constantly. Signs pointing to the حرم مطهر و مقدس (The pure and holy shrine) of Imam Reza are ubiquitous. Pilgrims use the word to express their awe and devotion to the site.

ما به زیارت آستان مقدس رفتیم. (We went to visit the holy threshold/shrine.)

In academic and philosophical circles, 'Moqaddas' is discussed in the context of phenomenology and theology. Professors might lecture on the 'distinction between the sacred and the profane' (تمایز بین امر مقدس و امر عرفی). In these settings, the word is used more analytically to describe human experiences of the divine.

فیلسوفان درباره مفهوم امر مقدس بحث می‌کنند. (Philosophers debate the concept of the sacred.)

Daily Conversations: While less common in casual slang, you might hear it when someone is talking about their values. For example, 'Family is sacred to me' (خانواده برای من مقدس است). It is a way of saying that something is non-negotiable and highly valued.

او به عهد مقدس خود وفادار ماند. (He remained faithful to his sacred oath.)

Lastly, in literature and cinema, the word is often used to create a sense of drama or destiny. A 'sacred mission' or a 'sacred fire' are common tropes used to describe a character's intense motivation. By paying attention to these different contexts, you will see how 'Moqaddas' functions as a bridge between the spiritual and the social in Persian-speaking cultures.

Learning to use مقدس (Moqaddas) correctly involves avoiding certain pitfalls in grammar, pronunciation, and social context. Because it is a word with high emotional and religious stakes, using it incorrectly can sometimes lead to misunderstandings or sounding unintentionally disrespectful.

Overuse in Casual Contexts: One of the most common mistakes for English speakers is translating 'holy' or 'sacred' too literally in informal situations. In English, we might say 'Holy cow!' or 'This pizza is sacred.' In Persian, using مقدس in these ways sounds very strange and potentially offensive to religious individuals. It is not an exclamation; it is a serious adjective.

Incorrect: این پیتزا مقدس است! (This pizza is holy!) - sounds bizarre in Persian.

Confusing with 'Pāk' (Pure): While all things 'Moqaddas' are generally 'Pāk' (pure), not all things 'Pāk' are 'Moqaddas.' 'Pāk' can refer to physical cleanliness (like a clean shirt), whereas 'Moqaddas' always implies a spiritual or transcendental quality. Don't use 'Moqaddas' when you just mean that something is clean or hygienic.

Pronunciation is another area where learners struggle. The letter 'Q' (ق) in Moqaddas is often mispronounced as a 'K' or a soft 'G.' Pronouncing it as 'Mokaddas' changes the feel of the word and can make it harder for native speakers to understand. It requires a deep, uvular sound. Additionally, ensure the 'd' is doubled (geminated) slightly: Mo-qad-das.

Correct Pronunciation: mo-qad-das (with a strong 'q' and stressed 'd').

Misusing with the Ezafe: When describing a 'holy book,' some learners forget the Ezafe and say 'Ketāb Moqaddas.' This is grammatically incomplete. It must be 'Ketāb-e Moqaddas.' Without the 'e' sound, the two words don't link correctly to form a single concept.

Correct: کتابِ مقدس (Ketāb-e Moqaddas). Incorrect: کتاب مقدس (Ketāb Moqaddas).

Finally, be careful with the word قدس (Qods). While related, 'Qods' is the Persian name for Jerusalem. If you mean 'holy,' use the adjective 'Moqaddas.' If you use 'Qods' as an adjective, it will sound like you are referring to the city specifically. Keeping these distinctions in mind will help you navigate the spiritual vocabulary of Persian with precision and respect.

While مقدس is the standard word for 'holy,' Persian offers several synonyms and related terms that carry slightly different nuances. Choosing the right one depends on whether you want to emphasize purity, divinity, or blessing.

Pāk (پاک) vs. Moqaddas: 'Pāk' means 'pure' or 'clean.' While 'Moqaddas' implies a religious status, 'Pāk' can be physical or spiritual. You might describe a 'pure heart' as قلب پاک. 'Moqaddas' is more formal and specifically religious.

او قلبی پاک دارد. (He has a pure heart.)

Motahhar (مطهر) vs. Moqaddas: 'Motahhar' is another Arabic loanword meaning 'purified' or 'sanctified.' It is often used in religious titles, such as حرم مطهر (the purified shrine). It sounds even more formal and traditional than 'Moqaddas.'

کلام مطهر خداوند. (The purified word of God.)

Monazzah (منزه): This word means 'free from defects' or 'transcendently pure.' It is almost exclusively used for God. To say God is منزه is to say He is far above any human weakness or error.

خداوند از هر عیبی منزه است. (God is free/pure from any defect.)

Mobārak (مبارک): Often translated as 'blessed,' this word is used for auspicious occasions (like Eid) or objects that bring good fortune. While 'Moqaddas' is about the status of the object, 'Mobārak' is about the positive effect or blessing it carries.

ماه مبارک رمضان. (The blessed month of Ramadan.)

In literary contexts, you might also see قدسی (Qodsi), which means 'celestial' or 'divine.' It is used to describe things that belong to the heavenly realm. Understanding these variations allows you to speak with more nuance. If you are describing a church, 'Moqaddas' is perfect. If you are describing a person's character, 'Pāk' might be better. If you are praising God, 'Monazzah' is the most appropriate choice.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The name of the city Jerusalem in Persian and Arabic is 'Al-Qods' or simply 'Qods,' which literally means 'The Holy [City].'

発音ガイド

UK /moʊ.kæd.dæs/

US /moʊ.kæd.dæs/

The stress is typically on the final syllable: mo-qad-DAS.

韻が合う語

وسواس (vasvās - though the vowel is different, the cadence is similar) احساس (ehsās) عباس (Abbās) ناس (nās) سپاس (sepās) قیاس (qiyās) لباس (lebās) حساس (hassās)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'q' as 'k' (Mokaddas).
Failing to double the 'd' sound (Moqadas).
Pronouncing the final 'a' as a long 'ā' (Moqaddās).
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Muttering the 'q' so it sounds like 'h'.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to its frequent use in titles.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'q' (ق) and 's' (س).

スピーキング 4/5

The 'q' sound and geminated 'd' are tricky for beginners.

リスニング 2/5

Clear, distinct sound usually makes it easy to hear.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

خدا (God) پاک (Pure) کتاب (Book) دین (Religion) جا (Place)

次に学ぶ

تقدیس (Sanctification) روح (Spirit) ایمان (Faith) عبادت (Worship) پیامبر (Prophet)

上級

پدیدارشناسی (Phenomenology) لاهوت (Divinity) عرفان (Mysticism) قدوسی (Celestial) توهین به مقدسات (Blasphemy)

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe Construction

کتابِ مقدس (The holy book)

Adjective Placement

مکانِ مقدس (Holy place - adjective follows noun)

Arabic Pluralization (at-)

مقدس -> مقدسات

Gemination (Tashdid)

The 'd' in Moqaddas is doubled: مُقَدَّس

Comparative Adjectives

این شهر مقدس‌تر است. (This city is holier.)

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レベル別の例文

این کتاب مقدس است.

This book is holy.

Simple subject + adjective + verb.

او به مکان مقدس رفت.

He went to the holy place.

Ezafe used between makan and moqaddas.

قرآن کتاب مقدس مسلمانان است.

The Quran is the holy book of Muslims.

Proper noun + title.

این شهر مقدس است.

This city is holy.

Demonstrative pronoun + noun + adjective.

مادر برای من مقدس است.

Mother is holy to me.

Metaphorical use at a basic level.

آیا این آب مقدس است؟

Is this water holy?

Question form.

آن‌ها در جای مقدسی هستند.

They are in a holy place.

Indefinite 'y' (ye-ye esharat) added to the noun.

نام او مقدس است.

His/Her name is holy.

Possessive + noun + adjective.

بسیاری از مردم به کوه‌های مقدس اعتقاد دارند.

Many people believe in holy mountains.

Plural noun + adjective.

او از یک سفر مقدس بازگشت.

He returned from a holy journey.

Prepositional phrase.

دفاع مقدس بخشی از تاریخ ایران است.

The Sacred Defense is a part of Iran's history.

Fixed historical term.

معبد مکان مقدسی برای دعا است.

The temple is a holy place for prayer.

Purpose clause with 'barāye'.

ما باید به عقاید مقدس دیگران احترام بگذاریم.

We must respect the sacred beliefs of others.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + infinitive.

این خاک برای ما مقدس است.

This soil is sacred to us.

Abstract concept of homeland.

او کتاب‌های مقدس زیادی دارد.

He has many holy books.

Quantifier 'ziyādi'.

آیا اورشلیم یک شهر مقدس است؟

Is Jerusalem a holy city?

Interrogative sentence.

حفاظت از محیط زیست یک وظیفه مقدس است.

Protecting the environment is a sacred duty.

Gerund phrase as subject.

او سوگند مقدسی برای خدمت به مردم خورد.

He took a sacred oath to serve the people.

Verb 'sogand khordan' (to take an oath).

در این موزه، اشیاء مقدس نگهداری می‌شوند.

In this museum, sacred objects are kept.

Passive voice 'negahdāri shodan'.

احترام به مقدسات وظیفه هر شهروندی است.

Respecting sanctities is the duty of every citizen.

Plural noun 'moqaddasāt'.

آن‌ها به دنبال یک هدف مقدس بودند.

They were pursuing a sacred goal.

Past continuous tense.

این پیمان نباید شکسته شود زیرا مقدس است.

This treaty should not be broken because it is sacred.

Conjunction 'zirā' (because).

هنرمند سعی کرد زیبایی‌های مقدس را نشان دهد.

The artist tried to show sacred beauties.

Plural adjective usage.

عشق مادر به فرزند، پیوندی مقدس است.

A mother's love for her child is a sacred bond.

Compound subject.

نویسنده در کتاب خود به مفاهیم مقدس پرداخته است.

The author has dealt with sacred concepts in his book.

Present perfect tense.

برخی از حیوانات در هند مقدس شمرده می‌شوند.

Some animals are considered sacred in India.

Verb 'shomorde shodan' (to be counted/considered).

او زندگی خود را وقف یک آرمان مقدس کرد.

He dedicated his life to a sacred ideal.

Verb 'vaqf kardan' (to dedicate).

آزادی بیان یکی از مقدسات دموکراسی است.

Freedom of speech is one of the sanctities of democracy.

Abstract application of 'moqaddasāt'.

آن‌ها در جستجوی جام مقدس بودند.

They were in search of the Holy Grail.

Cultural reference to Western myth.

این موسیقی احساسی مقدس در من ایجاد می‌کند.

This music creates a sacred feeling in me.

Causative structure.

او به مقدس‌ترین ارزش‌های انسانی وفادار بود.

He was loyal to the holiest human values.

Superlative adjective.

باید مرز بین امر مقدس و امر مادی را شناخت.

One must recognize the boundary between the sacred and the material.

Infinitive as object.

در فلسفه، امر مقدس به مثابه تجربه‌ای متعالی بررسی می‌شود.

In philosophy, the sacred is examined as a transcendent experience.

Formal academic register.

اشعار حافظ سرشار از اشارات به حریم مقدس عشق است.

Hafez's poems are full of references to the sacred sanctuary of love.

Literary metaphors.

او معتقد بود که زبان مادری امری مقدس و غیرقابل تغییر است.

He believed that the mother tongue is something sacred and immutable.

Complex sentence with nested clause.

تقدیس خشونت تحت لوای دین، عملی خطرناک است.

Sanctifying violence under the banner of religion is a dangerous act.

Noun form 'taqdis'.

معماری مساجد بازتابی از هندسه مقدس است.

The architecture of mosques is a reflection of sacred geometry.

Technical term 'hendese-ye moqaddas'.

او در نوشته‌هایش به نقد سوءاستفاده از مقدسات می‌پردازد.

In his writings, he critiques the abuse of sanctities.

Analytical verb 'pardākhtan be'.

تجربه حضور در آن مکان، حسی از امر قدسی به او بخشید.

The experience of being in that place gave him a sense of the divine.

Use of 'amr-e qodsi'.

عدالت، به عنوان یک اصل مقدس، پایه و اساس جامعه است.

Justice, as a sacred principle, is the foundation of society.

Appositive phrase.

دیالکتیک میان امر مقدس و امر عرفی در جوامع مدرن پیچیده شده است.

The dialectic between the sacred and the profane has become complex in modern societies.

Sociological terminology.

او با رویکردی پدیدارشناسانه به تحلیل تجلیات مقدس در هنر پرداخت.

He analyzed the manifestations of the sacred in art with a phenomenological approach.

Advanced academic vocabulary.

تقدس‌زدایی از جهان مدرن یکی از دغدغه‌های متفکران معاصر است.

The desacralization of the modern world is one of the concerns of contemporary thinkers.

Complex noun 'moqaddas-zodāyi'.

نویسنده با ظرافت، مرزهای میان خرافه و باور مقدس را ترسیم می‌کند.

The author subtly draws the boundaries between superstition and sacred belief.

Nuanced literary description.

در متون کهن، پادشاهی به عنوان یک نهاد مقدس تلقی می‌شد.

In ancient texts, kingship was regarded as a sacred institution.

Historical analysis register.

او در پی یافتن زبانی بود که بتواند امر وصف‌ناپذیر مقدس را بیان کند.

He was in search of a language that could express the ineffable sacred.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

تلفیق سیاست و مقدسات همواره با چالش‌های اخلاقی همراه بوده است.

The fusion of politics and sanctities has always been accompanied by ethical challenges.

Gerund subject.

او با نگاهی عارفانه، تمام ذرات جهان را مقدس می‌دید.

With a mystical gaze, he saw all particles of the universe as sacred.

Adverbial phrase 'bā negāhi ārefāne'.

類義語

پاک مطهر منزه قدسی مبارک سبحان روحانی لاهوتی

反対語

نامقدس عرفی دنیوی نجس

よく使う組み合わせ

کتاب مقدس

مکان مقدس

دفاع مقدس

آرمان مقدس

وظیفه مقدس

حریم مقدس

سوگند مقدس

پیوند مقدس

آتش مقدس

جنگ مقدس

よく使うフレーズ

به مقدسات قسم خوردن

— To swear by what is holy. Used when making a very serious promise.

او به مقدساتش قسم خورد که راست می‌گوید.

توهین به مقدسات

— Blasphemy or insulting sanctities. A serious legal and social term.

توهین به مقدسات در بسیاری از فرهنگ‌ها جرم است.

خاک مقدس

— Holy soil. Often refers to one's homeland or a pilgrimage site.

او بر خاک مقدس وطن بوسه زد.

روح مقدس

— Holy Spirit. Used in Christian contexts in Persian.

او به روح مقدس ایمان دارد.

نام مقدس

— Holy name. Used when mentioning God or a prophet.

با ذکر نام مقدس او کار را شروع کرد.

وادی مقدس

— Holy valley. A poetic and religious term for a sacred space.

اینجا وادی مقدس است، کفش‌هایت را درآور.

عهد مقدس

— Sacred covenant. Used for marriage or religious agreements.

آن‌ها عهد مقدسی با هم بستند.

ندای مقدس

— Sacred call. Often used for a divine calling or inspiration.

او ندای مقدس درونش را شنید.

سنت مقدس

— Sacred tradition. Refers to long-standing religious practices.

این یک سنت مقدس در خانواده ماست.

نور مقدس

— Holy light. Used metaphorically for guidance or divinity.

نور مقدس حقیقت در دلش تابید.

よく混同される語

مقدس vs قدس (Qods)

Qods is the name of Jerusalem; Moqaddas is the adjective 'holy'.

مقدس vs مخلص (Mokhles)

Sounds slightly similar but means 'sincere' or 'devoted'.

مقدس vs مقصد (Maqsad)

Sounds similar but means 'destination'.

慣用句と表現

"گاو مقدس"

— Holy cow. Used to describe something that is considered above criticism or change (similar to the English idiom).

این قانون برای آن‌ها مثل یک گاو مقدس است.

Colloquial/Critical

"مقدس‌مآب"

— Someone who acts holier-than-thou or is a hypocritical religious person.

من از آدم‌های مقدس‌مآب خوشم نمی‌آید.

Informal/Critical

"تقدس بخشیدن"

— To sanctify something, often used critically when someone makes a mundane thing seem holy.

نباید به اشتباهات او تقدس بخشید.

Formal/Analytical

"هاله مقدس"

— A sacred halo. Used metaphorically for someone who seems untouchable or divine.

او همیشه یک هاله مقدس دور خودش دارد.

Literary

"بز مقدس"

— Similar to 'sacred cow,' though less common, referring to something protected from scrutiny.

این پروژه بز مقدس شرکت است.

Informal

"مقدس شمردن"

— To hold something sacred. A common way to express deep respect.

ما آزادی را مقدس می‌شمریم.

Formal

"آب مقدس روی چیزی ریختن"

— To give something a 'holy' seal of approval, often used cynically.

آن‌ها با این کار روی معامله‌شان آب مقدس ریختند.

Colloquial

"محراب مقدس"

— Holy altar. Used metaphorically for the center of one's devotion.

قلب او محراب مقدس عشق بود.

Poetic

"دفاع از مقدسات"

— Defending the sanctities. A common slogan in religious-political contexts.

او جانش را در راه دفاع از مقدسات داد.

Formal/Political

"پیوند مقدس زناشویی"

— The sacred bond of marriage. Used in wedding ceremonies.

آن‌ها در پیوند مقدس زناشویی متحد شدند.

Formal

間違えやすい

مقدس vs پاک (Pāk)

Both can mean pure.

Pāk is physical or general purity; Moqaddas is specifically sacred/religious.

دست‌های پاک (Clean hands) vs. کتاب مقدس (Holy book).

مقدس vs مطهر (Motahhar)

Both used for shrines.

Motahhar is highly formal and means 'ritually purified'.

حرم مطهر.

مقدس vs مبارک (Mobārak)

Both imply goodness.

Mobārak means blessed/lucky; Moqaddas means holy/sacred.

عید مبارک vs. مکان مقدس.

مقدس vs روحانی (Ruhāni)

Both relate to spirit.

Ruhāni is 'spiritual' or refers to a cleric; Moqaddas is 'holy'.

موسیقی روحانی vs. متن مقدس.

مقدس vs الهی (Elāhi)

Both relate to God.

Elāhi means 'divine' (of God); Moqaddas means 'holy' (sanctified).

رحمت الهی vs. دفاع مقدس.

文型パターン

[Noun] moqaddas ast.

این کتاب مقدس است.

Man be [Noun]-e moqaddas miravam.

من به شهر مقدس می‌روم.

Ehtiram be [Moqaddasat] vazife ast.

احترام به مقدسات وظیفه است.

Anha [Noun] ra moqaddas mishomaran.

آن‌ها آزادی را مقدس می‌شمرند.

Amr-e moqaddas dar [Context] barresi mishavad.

امر مقدس در فلسفه بررسی می‌شود.

Taqdis-e [Noun] baese [Result] shod.

تقدیس خشونت باعث بحران شد.

Any

Aya [Noun] moqaddas ast?

آیا این کوه مقدس است؟

Any

[Noun]-e moqaddas-e ma.

وطن مقدس ما.

語族

名詞

قدس (Qods - Holiness/Jerusalem)

تقدیس (Taqdis - Sanctification)

مقدسات (Moqaddasāt - Sanctities)

قدوسیت (Qoddusiyat - Holiness/Sacredness)

動詞

تقدیس کردن (Taqdis kardan - To sanctify)

مقدس شمردن (Moqaddas shomardan - To hold sacred)

形容詞

مقدس (Moqaddas - Holy)

قدسی (Qodsi - Divine/Celestial)

قدوس (Qoddus - Most Holy, often for God)

使い方

frequency

High in religious, historical, and political contexts; low in daily casual small talk.

よくある間違い

Mokaddas → Moqaddas
Using 'k' instead of 'q' is a common pronunciation error for Westerners.
Ketāb Moqaddas → Ketāb-e Moqaddas
Missing the Ezafe makes the phrase grammatically incorrect.
In pīzzā moqaddas ast. → In pīzzā khīlī khoshmaze ast.
Using 'Moqaddas' for food is culturally inappropriate and sounds weird.
Moqaddas-hā → Moqaddasāt
The Arabic plural is the standard form for 'sanctities' in Persian.
Taqdis-e shahr → Shahr-e moqaddas
Don't confuse the noun 'sanctification' (Taqdis) with the adjective 'holy' (Moqaddas).

ヒント

Respect the Word

When you use 'Moqaddas,' native speakers will perceive you as being serious and respectful. Use it to show you value their traditions.

The Ezafe is Key

Never forget the 'e' sound (Ezafe) when putting 'Moqaddas' after a noun. It's the glue that holds the phrase together.

Double the D

The 'tashdid' on the 'd' makes the word sound more authentic. It's Mo-qad-das, not Mo-qa-das.

Learn the Plural

Knowing 'Moqaddasāt' will help you understand news headlines about religious laws and social values.

Spelling Check

The word uses 'Qaf' (ق) and 'Sin' (س). Don't use 'Ghaf' (گ) or 'Sad' (ص).

Metaphors

You can use it for things you deeply love, like 'Mādar-e Moqaddas' (Holy Mother), to show extreme devotion.

News Keywords

In Iranian news, 'Moqaddas' is often a keyword for government-sanctioned or religious topics.

Titles

Look for this word in the titles of religious books in bookstores; it's almost always there.

Root Connection

Remembering the root Q-D-S helps you learn other words like 'Qods' and 'Taqdis' easily.

Interfaith Dialogue

This is a great word to use when discussing similarities between different religions in Persian.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Mo-Qad-Das.' 'Mo' like 'More,' 'Qad' like 'God' (with a back-throat Q), and 'Das' like 'Dust' (but with an 'a'). 'More God-ly than the Dust.'

視覚的連想

Imagine a bright, glowing book (Ketāb-e Moqaddas) sitting on a high pedestal in a quiet, sunlit room.

Word Web

God Purity Temple Bible Sacred Respect Shrine Prayer

チャレンジ

Try to name three things in your life that you consider 'Moqaddas' and explain why using simple Persian sentences.

語源

Derived from the Arabic root Q-D-S (ق-د-س), which fundamentally relates to the concept of being pure, clean, or set apart for God.

元の意味： To be holy, to be pure, or to be distant from any impurity or defect.

Semitic root adopted into the Indo-European Persian language through Islamic influence.

文化的な背景

Be very careful when using this word in a joking or lighthearted way in Iran; it is taken very seriously.

The English 'Holy' is a close match, but 'Sacred' often captures the 'Moqaddas' usage in political or secular contexts (like 'sacred duty') better.

Ketāb-e Moqaddas (The Bible) Defā-ye Moqaddas (Iran-Iraq War) Al-Qods (Jerusalem)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Religious Travel

زیارت اماکن مقدس
تور شهرهای مقدس
نقشه مکان‌های مقدس
احترام به حرم مقدس

History Class

دوران دفاع مقدس
شهدای مقدس
جنگ‌های مقدس تاریخ
ارزش‌های مقدس

Weddings

پیوند مقدس زناشویی
خطبه مقدس عقد
تعهد مقدس
زندگی مقدس

Philosophy

تجربه امر مقدس
تعریف مقدسات
نسبت دین و امر مقدس
تقدس در هنر

Family Talk

خانواده مقدس است
احترام مقدس
وظیفه مقدس فرزندی
یاد مقدس پدر

会話のきっかけ

"آیا در کشور شما مکان‌های مقدس زیادی وجود دارد؟ (Are there many holy places in your country?)"

"به نظر شما چه چیزی در زندگی امروز مقدس است؟ (In your opinion, what is sacred in today's life?)"

"آیا تا به حال به یک شهر مقدس سفر کرده‌اید؟ (Have you ever traveled to a holy city?)"

"چرا کتاب‌های مقدس برای مردم مهم هستند؟ (Why are holy books important to people?)"

"آیا هنر می‌تواند یک امر مقدس باشد؟ (Can art be a sacred thing?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره مکانی که برای شما مقدس است بنویسید و توضیح دهید چرا. (Write about a place that is sacred to you and explain why.)

آیا فکر می‌کنید مفاهیم مقدس در دنیای مدرن تغییر کرده‌اند؟ (Do you think sacred concepts have changed in the modern world?)

نقش مقدسات در صلح جهانی چیست؟ (What is the role of sanctities in world peace?)

یک خاطره از زیارت یا بازدید از یک مکان مقدس بنویسید. (Write a memory of a pilgrimage or visiting a holy place.)

چگونه می‌توان به مقدسات دیگران احترام گذاشت؟ (How can one respect the sanctities of others?)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it is very rare and usually reserved for saints or prophets. Using it for a regular person would be highly metaphorical or ironic.

In common Persian usage, 'Ketāb-e Moqaddas' specifically refers to the Christian Bible. For the Quran, people usually say 'Quran-e Majid' or 'Quran-e Karim,' though it is obviously considered a holy book.

It translates to 'Sacred Defense' and is the official term in Iran for the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988).

No, Persian adjectives do not have gender. It is 'Moqaddas' for everything.

As an adjective, it doesn't change. As a noun meaning 'sacred things,' use 'Mogadassāt'.

Only if you are joking with close friends. In public, it might seem disrespectful to the concept of holiness.

Qods is a noun (holiness/Jerusalem); Moqaddas is the adjective (holy).

It can be for English speakers. It's like the 'k' sound but much further back in the throat.

Yes, 'Vazife-ye Moqaddas' is a very common and natural phrase.

Yes, you will see it in books, news, and religious sites very often.

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