منجمد 30秒で
- Monjamad means 'frozen' or 'solidified' due to cold temperatures.
- It is the formal and technical term used for food and science.
- It is commonly used metaphorically for 'frozen assets' in banking.
- It comes from an Arabic root and is used as an adjective.
The Persian word منجمد (monjamad) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used to describe something that has transitioned from a liquid or soft state into a solid, frozen state due to extreme cold. Rooted in Arabic morphology (from the root N-J-M-D), it carries a sense of structural transformation rather than just being 'cold'. While the common word for ice is 'yakh', منجمد is the technical and formal term used in science, commerce, and formal descriptions. You will encounter this word most frequently in the context of food preservation, meteorology, and even economics.
- Scientific Precision
- In physics and chemistry, this word describes the state of matter. It implies a complete lack of fluidity. For example, water becomes monjamad at zero degrees Celsius.
آب در دمای صفر درجه منجمد میشود.
Water becomes frozen at zero degrees.
Beyond the physical freezing of water, منجمد is the standard term for 'frozen foods' (ghazā-ye monjamad). If you are walking through an Iranian supermarket, the section containing frozen peas, meat, or pre-packaged meals will be labeled with this term. It suggests a professional level of freezing intended for preservation, distinguishing it from something that just accidentally got icy.
- Culinary Context
- Used to differentiate between fresh (tāze) and preserved goods. It is essential for reading labels and understanding storage instructions on packaging.
گوشت منجمد باید قبل از پخت کاملاً باز شود.
Frozen meat must be completely thawed before cooking.
Interestingly, this word extends into the world of finance and law. When a bank account is 'frozen' by a court order, Persians use the word منجمد or its verbal form enjemād (freezing). This metaphorical use mirrors English perfectly, representing a state where assets are 'solid' and cannot flow or be moved. This makes it a high-frequency word in news broadcasts regarding international sanctions or legal disputes.
- Financial/Legal Register
- Describes assets, accounts, or capital that has been legally restricted from movement or use.
داراییهای ایران در بانکهای خارجی منجمد شدهاند.
Iran's assets in foreign banks have been frozen.
Finally, in literature and descriptive writing, منجمد can describe a person's state of shock or the stillness of a landscape. A 'frozen gaze' or a 'frozen smile' uses this word to convey a lack of life or motion. It evokes a sense of permanence and coldness that 'yakh' (simple ice) does not fully capture. Understanding this word allows a learner to move from basic 'cold' descriptions to nuanced, professional, and metaphorical expressions in Persian.
نگاه منجمد او نشاندهنده ترس عمیقش بود.
His frozen gaze indicated his deep fear.
Using منجمد correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective and its relationship with the verb shodan (to become). Because it is a passive participle in origin, it functions smoothly in various sentence structures to describe state and change. It usually follows the noun it modifies in an Ezafe construction, or it acts as a predicate adjective.
- As an Attributive Adjective
- When describing a noun directly, you use the Ezafe (-e). For example, 'frozen vegetables' becomes sabzijāt-e monjamad. This is the most common way to see it on menus and labels.
من همیشه سبزیجات منجمد در فریزر دارم.
I always have frozen vegetables in the freezer.
When describing a process, you pair it with shodan (to become) or kardan (to make). 'To freeze something' (active) is monjamad kardan, while 'to freeze' (intransitive/passive) is monjamad shodan. This is vital for recipes or scientific explanations.
- Verbal Compounds
- Monjamad shodan (to freeze/solidify) and Monjamad kardan (to freeze something). These are the standard verbs for these actions in formal Persian.
دانشمندان موفق شدند سلولها را منجمد کنند.
Scientists succeeded in freezing the cells.
In more advanced usage, منجمد is used to describe abstract concepts. For instance, a 'frozen conflict' in geopolitics or 'frozen emotions' in psychology. In these cases, the word adds a layer of clinical or analytical distance, suggesting a state that is stuck and unmoving.
- Abstract Usage
- Describing time, feelings, or situations that have ceased to progress or change.
زمان برای او در آن لحظه منجمد شده بود.
Time had frozen for him at that moment.
Lastly, pay attention to the pluralization and noun forms. The noun form is enjemād (freezing/solidification). You might hear about the 'freezing point' (noghte-ye enjemād). Using the adjective منجمد alongside its noun counterpart will significantly boost your fluency in technical discussions.
نقطه انجماد روغن متفاوت است.
The freezing point of oil is different.
If you are in an Iranian city, you will hear منجمد in several specific environments. First and foremost is the grocery store. When asking a clerk if they have frozen meat, you would use this word. It’s the difference between buying 'fresh' (tāze) and 'frozen' (monjamad) lamb, which is a common distinction in Iranian markets due to price differences.
- Marketplace Dynamics
- Used to distinguish imported frozen meat from local fresh meat. This has significant economic and culinary implications in Iran.
قیمت گوشت منجمد ارزانتر از گوشت تازه است.
The price of frozen meat is cheaper than fresh meat.
Secondly, you will hear it on the news almost daily. Iran's geopolitical situation often involves discussions of 'frozen assets'. Reporters will frequently use the phrase dārāyi-hā-ye monjamad shode. This refers to billions of dollars held in international banks that Iran cannot access. For anyone interested in Iranian politics or economics, this word is indispensable.
- News & Media
- Standard terminology in broadcasts regarding international relations, sanctions, and central bank reports.
اخبار درباره آزادسازی پولهای منجمد بود.
The news was about the unfreezing of frozen funds.
Thirdly, in academic and scientific settings—from high school biology classes to university research labs—منجمد is the only appropriate term for freezing. Whether it's freezing blood samples, soil in permafrost, or gases in a physics lab, the word provides the necessary technical weight. It is also used in medical contexts, such as 'frozen shoulder' (shāneh-ye monjamad).
- Science and Medicine
- Used in medical diagnoses and laboratory procedures to describe solidified states or restricted movement.
او به دلیل التهاب، دچار شانه منجمد شده است.
He has developed a frozen shoulder due to inflammation.
Finally, you will find it in weather reports during the harsh winters in regions like Tabriz or Ardabil. While 'yakh-bandān' refers to the general icy conditions of the roads, monjamad might be used to describe the state of the lakes or the ground itself. Listening for this word in these diverse contexts will help you understand its versatility and formal tone.
سطح دریاچه کاملاً منجمد شده است.
The surface of the lake has completely frozen.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Persian is overusing the word 'yakh' (ice) when they actually need the adjective منجمد. In English, 'frozen' can be both a verb and an adjective. In Persian, you must distinguish between the noun (ice), the simple adjective (icy/cold), and the technical adjective (frozen/solidified).
- Mistake 1: Using 'Yakh' as an Adjective
- Saying 'ghazā-ye yakh' instead of 'ghazā-ye monjamad'. 'Yakh' is a noun. While you can say 'yakh-zade', 'monjamad' is the standard for products.
غلط: این ماهی یخ است.
درست: این ماهی منجمد است.
Correct: This fish is frozen.
Another error involves the confusion between منجمد and 'sard' (cold). 'Sard' is a general temperature description. Something can be 'sard' without being 'monjamad'. If you say the water is 'monjamad', you are saying it has turned to ice. If you just want to say it's very cold to drink, use 'yakh' (colloquially) or 'khayli sard'.
- Mistake 2: Confusing Intensity with State
- Using 'monjamad' to mean 'very cold'. Remember, 'monjamad' implies a change in physical state (solidification).
هوا خیلی سرد است (نه منجمد، مگر اینکه بخواهید مبالغه کنید).
The weather is very cold (not frozen, unless you are exaggerating).
A third mistake is related to the word 'bastani' (ice cream). While 'bastani' comes from the verb 'bastan' (to bind/freeze), you would never call ice cream 'monjamad' in a casual setting, even though it is technically frozen. It has its own dedicated noun. Use منجمد for things that aren't inherently supposed to be frozen but are (like meat, peas, or assets).
- Mistake 3: Redundancy
- Avoid saying 'yakh-e monjamad' (frozen ice). Since ice is by definition frozen, this is redundant. Just say 'yakh'.
قطعات یخ (نه قطعات منجمد یخ).
Pieces of ice.
Finally, remember the prepositional usage. When something freezes 'into' something, the structure might change. But usually, منجمد is a state. Don't confuse it with 'afserdeh' (depressed/withered) which can sometimes look similar in scripts but has a completely different meaning. Accurate spelling of the 'mīm-nūn-jīm-mīm-dāl' is essential to avoid confusion with 'munajjem' (astronomer), which is spelled similarly but has different vowels and an extra 'm'.
او یک منجم (astronomer) است vs این گوشت منجمد (frozen) است.
While منجمد is the standard for 'frozen', Persian offers several related words that cover different nuances of cold and solidification. Understanding these will help you choose the right 'register' for your conversation, whether you're at a BBQ or in a chemistry lab.
- Monjamad vs. Yakh-zade
- 'Monjamad' is the state of being frozen (often intentional). 'Yakh-zade' means 'struck by ice' or 'frostbitten'. You use 'yakh-zade' for plants ruined by winter or for your own cold toes.
گلهای یخزده در باغچه پژمردند.
The frostbitten flowers in the garden withered.
Another important alternative is friz-shode. This is a direct loanword from English 'freeze' and is very common in modern, urban, informal Persian. If you are talking to a friend about putting leftovers in the freezer, you are more likely to use this than the formal منجمد.
- Modern Loanword
- 'Friz-shode' or 'Friz-kardan'. Very common in domestic settings and casual cooking talk.
این مرغ را کی فریز کردی؟
When did you freeze this chicken?
For scientific contexts involving other substances, you might encounter saxt-shode (hardened) or bast-shode (bound/solidified). While منجمد specifically implies cold, these other terms can apply to chemicals or materials hardening due to other processes (like drying or reacting).
- State of Matter
- Jāmed (Solid) vs. Monjamad (Frozen). 'Jāmed' is the noun/adjective for the solid state in general (like a rock), whereas 'Monjamad' implies it became solid through freezing.
مواد جامد حجم ثابتی دارند.
Solid materials have a fixed volume.
Lastly, in poetry, you might see afsorde. While in modern Persian it almost exclusively means 'depressed', in classical literature, it meant 'frozen' or 'chilled'. It’s good to know this if you are reading Rumi or Hafez, but never use it to describe frozen peas today!
دل افسرده (Classical: Frozen heart / Modern: Depressed heart).
レベル別の例文
این گوشت منجمد است.
This meat is frozen.
Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.
نخودفرنگی منجمد کجاست؟
Where are the frozen peas?
Noun + adjective (Ezafe omitted in very short questions sometimes, but implied).
من غذای منجمد نمیخورم.
I don't eat frozen food.
Negative verb + object with adjective.
آب منجمد شد.
The water froze.
Subject + compound verb (adjective + shodan).
شیر منجمد در یخچال است.
The frozen milk is in the refrigerator.
Noun + adjective + prepositional phrase.
او میوه منجمد دوست دارد.
He likes frozen fruit.
Object + adjective + verb.
بستنی منجمد است.
The ice cream is frozen.
Simple description.
ماهی منجمد بخریم؟
Should we buy frozen fish?
Question form of a compound verb.
سبزیجات منجمد برای سلامتی خوب هستند.
Frozen vegetables are good for health.
Plural noun + adjective.
باید نان را منجمد کنیم.
We must freeze the bread.
Modal verb 'bāyad' + compound verb 'monjamad kardan'.
آیا این مرغ منجمد است یا تازه؟
Is this chicken frozen or fresh?
Comparative question using 'yā' (or).
میوههای منجمد را در اسموتی بریز.
Put the frozen fruits in the smoothie.
Imperative verb.
پنیر در فریزر منجمد شد.
The cheese froze in the freezer.
Past tense of 'monjamad shodan'.
او همیشه لوبیای منجمد میخرد.
She always buys frozen beans.
Present habitual tense.
این پیتزای منجمد خیلی خوشمزه است.
This frozen pizza is very delicious.
Demonstrative 'in' + noun + adjective.
شما میتوانید شیرینیها را منجمد کنید.
You can freeze the pastries.
Potential verb 'tavānestan'.
در زمستان، دریاچه کاملاً منجمد میشود.
In winter, the lake becomes completely frozen.
Adverb of time + subject + adverb of degree + verb.
دانشمندان نمونههای خون را منجمد کردند.
The scientists froze the blood samples.
Formal subject + plural object + compound verb.
برای نگهداری طولانی، باید مواد غذایی را منجمد کرد.
For long-term storage, food items must be frozen.
Passive/General obligation structure.
زمین به دلیل سرما منجمد شده است.
The ground has frozen due to the cold.
Present perfect of 'monjamad shodan'.
آیا میدانید آب در چه دمایی منجمد میشود؟
Do you know at what temperature water freezes?
Complex question with a subordinate clause.
او از دیدن آن صحنه منجمد شد.
He froze (with shock) upon seeing that scene.
Metaphorical use of 'monjamad shodan'.
بستهبندی محصولات منجمد باید محکم باشد.
The packaging of frozen products must be strong.
Genitive construction (products of frozen).
رودخانه در شمال کشور منجمد شده است.
The river in the north of the country has frozen.
Locative phrase + subject + verb.
دولت حسابهای بانکی او را منجمد کرد.
The government froze his bank accounts.
Financial context; active compound verb.
داراییهای منجمد شده ایران باید آزاد شوند.
Iran's frozen assets must be released.
Passive participle used as a complex adjective.
لبخندی منجمد بر لبانش نقش بست.
A frozen smile appeared on his lips.
Literary/Metaphorical usage.
این یک درگیری منجمد است که سالها ادامه دارد.
This is a frozen conflict that has continued for years.
Political terminology.
او در یک لحظه منجمد شد و نتوانست حرکت کند.
He froze in an instant and couldn't move.
Describing a physical reaction to fear.
فرآیند انجماد در این کارخانه بسیار سریع است.
The freezing process in this factory is very fast.
Using the noun form 'enjemād'.
بسیاری از پروژهها به دلیل کمبود بودجه منجمد شدهاند.
Many projects have been frozen due to budget shortages.
Metaphorical use in business/management.
نگاه منجمد او به من حس بدی داد.
His frozen gaze gave me a bad feeling.
Ezafe construction with an abstract noun.
نقطه انجماد محلولهای نمکی پایینتر از آب خالص است.
The freezing point of salt solutions is lower than pure water.
Scientific/Academic register.
تحریمها منجر به منجمد شدن منابع ارزی گشت.
Sanctions led to the freezing of foreign exchange resources.
Formal 'gashtan' instead of 'shodan'.
در این مقاله، پدیده انجماد آنی بررسی شده است.
In this article, the phenomenon of instant freezing has been investigated.
Academic passive voice.
او با حالتی منجمد و بیروح به سوالات پاسخ میداد.
He answered the questions with a frozen and soulless manner.
Descriptive adverbial phrase.
سیاستهای پولی باعث منجمد شدن نقدینگی در بازار شده است.
Monetary policies have caused the freezing of liquidity in the market.
Economic terminology.
لایههای منجمد اعماق زمین حاوی اطلاعات تاریخی هستند.
The frozen layers of the deep earth contain historical information.
Geological context.
این توافقنامه به وضعیت منجمد روابط پایان داد.
This agreement ended the frozen state of relations.
Diplomatic register.
انجماد سریع باعث حفظ بافت مواد غذایی میشود.
Rapid freezing causes the preservation of food texture.
Noun form used as a subject.
تصلب و انجماد اندیشه، مانع از پیشرفت جوامع میگردد.
The hardening and freezing of thought prevents the progress of societies.
Highly philosophical/abstract register.
ساختار منجمد بوروکراسی، مانع اصلی اصلاحات اداری است.
The frozen structure of bureaucracy is the main obstacle to administrative reforms.
Sociopolitical critique.
در متون کهن، واژه افسرده به معنای منجمد به کار میرفت.
In ancient texts, the word 'afsorde' was used to mean 'frozen'.
Linguistic/Philological observation.
انجماد عواطف انسانی در عصر تکنولوژی نگرانکننده است.
The freezing of human emotions in the age of technology is worrying.
Philosophical commentary.
ویژگیهای ترمودینامیکی فرآیند انجماد در فشار بالا متفاوت است.
The thermodynamic characteristics of the freezing process at high pressure are different.
Advanced scientific register.
سرمای جانسوز کوهستان، خون را در رگها منجمد میکرد.
The soul-burning cold of the mountains froze the blood in the veins.
Literary/Poetic imagery.
منجمد ساختن داراییهای یک ملت، ابزاری برای فشار سیاسی است.
Freezing a nation's assets is a tool for political pressure.
Formal infinitive phrase as subject.
سکوت منجمد حاکم بر اتاق، سنگین و خفقانآور بود.
The frozen silence prevailing in the room was heavy and suffocating.
Evocative literary description.
よく使う組み合わせ
Summary
Use 'monjamad' when you want to sound precise or formal about something being frozen. While 'yakh' is the noun for ice, 'monjamad' is the adjective for the state of being frozen, especially for products like meat or financial accounts.
- Monjamad means 'frozen' or 'solidified' due to cold temperatures.
- It is the formal and technical term used for food and science.
- It is commonly used metaphorically for 'frozen assets' in banking.
- It comes from an Arabic root and is used as an adjective.
例文
غذای منجمد را باید قبل از پخت آب کرد.
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